Pharmacology Med/Surg

A client with gastroesophageal reflux is to receive metoclopramide 15 mg orally before meals. The concentrated solution contains 10 mg/mL. How much solution should the nurse administer? Record your answer using one decimal place.

1.5 mL 15/10 = 1.5

A client with epilepsy is prescribed phenytoin for seizure control. Which instruction about phenytoin will the nurse provide during discharge? A.) Anti Seizure medications will probably be continued for life B.) Phenytoin prevents any further occurrence of seizures C.) This medication needs to be taken during periods of emotional stress D.) Your antiseizure medication usually can be stopped after a year's absence of seizures

Correct Answer: A Rationale: seizure disorder usually is associated with marked changes and electrical activity of the Cerebral Cortex, Requiring to prolong our lifelong therapy. Seizures may occur despite medication therapy, the dosage may need to be adjusted. A therapeutic blood level must be maintained through consistent administration of the medication Irrespective of emotional stress. The absence of seizure will probably result from medication effectiveness rather than from correction of a pathophysiological condition

When teaching a client about digoxin, which symptom will the nurse include as a reason to withhold the digoxin? A.) Fatigue B.) Yellow vision C.) Persistent hiccups D.) Increased urinary output

Correct Answer: B Rationale: Digoxin toxicity is a common and dangerous effect. Visual disturbances most notbaly yellow vision, may be evidence of digoxin toxicity.

A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for myasthenia gravis. Which test would the nurse identify as the most specific for this diagnosis? A.) Electromyography B.) Pyridostigmine Test C.) Edrophonium Chloride test D.) History of physical deterioration

Correct Answer: C Rationale: The edrophonium chloride test uses a medication that is a cholinergic and an anticholinesterase; it blocks the action of cholinesterase at the myoneural junction and inhibits the destruction of acetylcholine. Its action of increases muscle strength is immediate for a short time.

After teaching a family member how to administer Sub Q enoxaparin sodium, how will the nurse evaluate the effectiveness of the training. A.) Return demonstration on a manikin B.) verbalization of the side effects of the medication C.) observing the family member administering enoxaparin sodium to the client D.) correctly verbalizing all necessary steps in enoxaparin sodium administration

Correct Answer: C Rationale: The best way to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching is to observe the family member administering the medication to the client. The family member may be able to perform a subcutaneous injection on a manikin but fear hurting the family member. Knowing the side effects of enoxaparin sodium is important, but it does not provide any information as to the family member's ability to administer the medication. The family member may be able to verbalize all the steps but fear puncturing the skin with the needle

A client with Hodgkin's disease adds doxorubicin to current therapy. What advice will the nurse provide about this medication? A.) Cease taking any medication that contains vitamin D B.) Keep the doxorubicin In the dark place protected from light C.) Expect urine to turn red for a few days after taking this medication D.) Take the doxorubicin on an empty stomach with large amounts of fluids.

Correct Answer: C Rationale: Doxorubicin causes the urine to turn red for a few days, the client should be informed of this expectation so as not to become alarmed when it occurs. Discontinuing the intake of vitamin D is true plicamycin, not the medications in this protocol. Doxorubicin is only given via IV route

A client with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) has a heart rate of 170 beats per minute. Following treatment with diltiazem hydrochloride, what assessment indicates to the nurse that the diltiazem hydrochloride is effective? A.) Increased urine output B.) Blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg C.) A heart rate of 98 bpm D.) No longer complaining of heart palpations

Correct Answer: C Rationale: Diltiazem hydrochloride purpose is to slow down the heart rate. SVT has a heart rate of 150-250 bpm. A heart rate of 110bpmm indicates that the diltiazem hydrochloride is having the desired effect.

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving azathioprine, cyclosporine, and prednisone before receiving a kidney transplant. which medication action would the nurse identify as the purpose of these medications? A.) Stimulate leukocytosis B.) Provide passive immunity C.) Prevent iatrogenic infection D.) Reduce antibody production

Correct Answer: D Rationale: These drugs suppress the immune system, decreasing the body production of antibodies in response to the new organ, which acts as an antigen. These medications decreased the risk of rejection. They increased the risk of infection because they suppress the immune system

Ranitidine has been prescribed to help treat a client's gastric ulcer. The nurse expects this drug to act specifically by which mechanism? A.) inhibiting proton pumps B.) Promoting the release of gastrin C.) Regenerating the gastric muscosa D.) Inhibiting the histamine at H2 receptors

Correct Answer: D Rationale: Ranitidine inhibits histamine at H2 Receptor site in parietal cells, which limits gastric secretion.

During the administration of the antibiotic, the client becomes restless and flushed, and begins to wheeze. What should the nurse do after stopping the antibiotic infusion? A.) Check the client's temperature B.) Take the client's blood pressure C.) Obtain the client's pulse oximetry D.) Assess the client's respiratory status

Correct Answer: D Rationale: The client is experiencing an allergic reaction that may progress to anaphylaxis. Anaphylactic shock can lead to respiratory distress as a result of laryngeal edema or severe bronchospasm Assessing and maintaining the client's airway is the priority

The client has been receiving digoxin. The client calls the clinic in complaining of "yellow vision". Which response with the nurse provide? A.) This is related to your illness rather than to your medication B.) This is an unexpected side effect; you will become accustomed to it overtime C.) This Side effect is only temporary. You should continue the medication. D.) This medication may need to be discontinued. Come to the clinic this afternoon

Correct Answer: D Rationale: Yellow Vision indicates digoxin toxicity, the medication shouldn't be withheld until the healthcare provider can access the client and check the digoxin blood level. Yellow vision Is related digoxin therapy, not the clients underlying medical condition. Yellow vision is a sign of digoxin toxicity, taking more digoxin wille scalate the digoxin toxicity

Which relationship reflects the relationship of naloxone to morphine sulfate? A.) Aspirin to warfarin B.) Amoxicillin to infection C.) Enoxaparin to dalteparin D.) Protamine sulfate to heparin

Correct Answer: D Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose, and naloxone will reverse the effects of opioids such as morphine. Aspirin and warfarin both interfere with coagulation. Amoxicillin is not considered an antidote Both enoxaparin and dalteparin are LMWH