Pharmacology: Practice Tests
A nurse is caring for a 60-year-old patient with a peptic ulcer. The patient is administered belladonna alkaloids by the nurse. Which of the following conditions should the nurse monitor for when caring for this patient?
Blurred vision
Which of the following symptoms will warrant the administration of atropine?
Bradycardia
A nurse is caring for a patient with myasthenia gravis at a healthcare facility. The patient has been administered ambenonium. Which of the following symptoms of drug under dosage should the nurse monitor in the client?
Difficulty in breathing
What condition is the cholinergic drug bethanechol (Duvoid) used to treat?
Urinary retention
A patient has recently been prescribed a drug that treats his hypertension by blocking the sympathetic receptors in his sympathetic nervous system. This action is characteristic of
an adrenergic antagonist.
Opportunistic infections
an infection that is a result of a weakened immune system
Side effects of macrolides include
anorexia, NDV, cramps & superinfections
Broad-spectrum
antibiotic that is effective against a large variety of organisms
Drugs that prevent formation of blood clots or decrease the extension of existing blood clots are called
anticoagulants
Drug therapy for patients with elevated serum cholesterol & increased low density lipoprotein concentrations includes
antilipemic agents
Ativan (lorazepam)
anxiolytic
A priority nursing assessment for a patient who is to receive an alpha- or beta-adrenergic antagonist would be to
assess heart rate.
The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 set much tighter controls on a specific group of drugs that are:
at risk of being abused by society.
Lithium salts are used to treat
bipolar disorders
The definition of an adrenergic blocker is "A drug that..
blocks the action of the sympathetic nervous system
Quinolones are contraindicated in patients with ____
cardiac disease
Side effects of bronchodilators include:
cardiac irregularities, hypertension & hyperglycemia
List of conditions that warrant closer observation for specific side effects when given the drug
cautions
Exact molecular formula of the drug
chemical name
Broad subcategory to include drugs that affect the body in similar ways
classifications
List of conditions for which a drug should not be given
contraindications
Drug controlled by prescription requirement because of the danger of addiction or abuse
controlled substance
Medications used to dilate blood vessels supplying the heart muscle are referred to as?
coronary vasodilators
Antitussives use which mechanism of action?
cough suppression
Interaction of tetracyclines more than likely involve
decrease in absorption when given with antacids & laxatives
The actions of adrenergic blockers include
decreased blood pressure and pulse
What consideration most likely refers to the use of penicillins
decreased efficacy of contraceptives
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors work by:
decreasing vasoconstriction
Physical adaptation of the body to a medication with resultant withdrawal symptoms following it's abrupt discontinuation is
dependence
Establishing the correct therapeutic dose for maintaining optimal functioning of the heart w/o toxic effects is
digitalization
A patient who is going on a cruise is concerned about motion sickness and sees his physician, who prescribes scopolamine. The nurse informs the patient that using scopolamine may cause him to experience
drowsiness.
Side effects of cholinergic blockers include
dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation, blurred vision, confusion & tachycardia
Liquid drug forms with an alcohol base are called
elixirs
Chemical produced within the brain as a reaction to severe pain or intense exercise are
endorphins
A tablet with a special coating that resists disintegration by gastric juices is called an
enteric coated tablet
Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia include
excessive thirst, polyuria & fruity breath
Elimination of drug from the body
excretion
Common or general name assigned to a drug
generic name
Side effects of the cephalosporins include
hypersensitivity & blood dyscrasias
Side effects of penicillins include
hypersensitivity reactions & superinfections
Side effects of adrenergic blockers include:
hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm & hypoglycemia
Side effects of tricyclics such as imipramine (Tofranil) may include
incr. appetite & weight gain, postural hypotension & cardiac arrhythmia.
A nurse in the intensive care unit is caring for a patient in shock and has started IV administration of dopamine (Intropin). For a patient in shock, dopamine helps to
increase blood pressure.
Expectorants are effective by:
increasing secretions & reducing their viscosity
The mechanism of action for sympathomimetics includes:
increasing the vital capacity & decreasing airway resistance.
The actions of cholinergics include
incrs. peristalsis & bladder contractions, decr. respiratory rate, constricted pupils & decr. intraocular pressure.
List of medical conditions or diseases for which the drug is meant to be used
indications
Corticosteroids may be used to treat
inflammation associated with status asthmaticus
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors work by:
inhibiting intestinal absorption of both dietary & biliary cholesterol, blocking it's transport in the small intestine.
Adrenergic blockers act as antiarrhythmic by
inhibiting sympathetic nerve receptors
Symptoms of hypoglycemia include
irritability, confusion or bizarre behavior
The risk of death from the use of street drugs versus prescription medications is mostly due to:
lack of control over quality, purity and strength of the street drugs.
Prescription drug determined unsafe for over the counter purchase because of possible harmful side effects if taken indiscriminately
legend drug
Local Anesthetic
lidocaine
Limited to one area of the body
local effects
What class of antibiotics is generally considered to be be the least toxic?
macrolides
Resistance
medication is no longer effective against a particular organism
The definition of a cholinergic is "A drug that..
mimics the action of the parasympathetic nervous system.
The definition of an adrenergic is "A drug that..
mimics the action of the sympathetic nervous system.
Activated charcoal is given to:
minimize systemic absorption of an ingested poison.
side effects of the amino glycosides include
nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity
Acyclovir is contraindicated in which patient population
nursing mothers
Name of the drug as it appears in the USP/NF
official name
Drug with no purchasing restrictions by the FDA
otc drug
Side effect of vancomycin include
ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity & pseudomembranous colitis.
Contraindications for the use of vancomycin include
pregnancy & lactation
Side effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors include
rash, photosensitivity, blood dyscrasias, severe hypotension, cough or nasal congestion
Adding progestin to estrogen therapy substantially_________the risk of endometrial cancer
reduces
Adrenergics may be used to
restore cardiac rhythm, treat hypotension & dilate bronchioles in respiratory distress
Uses for cholinergic blockers include
reversal of the signs and symptoms associated with organophosphate insecticide poisoning & treatment of bronchospasm
Side effects of local anesthetics (ex: lidocaine) may include:
seizures, dizziness, confusion, respiratory depression & respiratory arrest.
Anaphylaxis
severe reaction that may result in death
List of unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects, other than the desired effect
side effect
The method of drug delivery by absorption through the mucosa under the tongue is called a
sublingual tablet
Antihistamines provide only ____ relief of allergic symptoms.
symptomatic
Treatment of poisoning by inhalation requires:
symptomatic treatment
Bronchodilators are used to treat:
symptoms of acute respiratory conditions such as asthma & COPD.
Absorbed and distributed throughout the body
systemic effects
Side effects of adrenergic agonists include
tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, nervousness & hyperglycemia
Culture & sensitivity (C&S) test
test to identify the causative organism & the specific medication to which it is sensitive
Corticosteroids act on the immune system to
treat allergic reactions
Adrenergic blockers are indicated for
treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, & angina pectoris
An important practice in corticosteroid therapy is:
weaning off w/ step down dosage
Patients taking antibiotics should be instructed to take the medication
with a full glass of water on an empty stomach
Age groups most at risk for poisoning are
young children, older adults
Which of following adrenergic receptors is responsible for vasodilation of peripheral vessels and bronchodilation
β2 receptors
Which of the following are true about the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?
• Acetylcholinesterase makes the parasympathetic nervous system function differently. • Acetylcholinesterase activity results in the prevention of nerve synapses to continue nerve impulses.
Drugs that block or inhibit the sympathetic nervous system are known as which of the following?
• Adrenergic blocking drugs • Sympatholytics • Antiadrenergic drugs
Adrenergic drugs may be used to treat which of the following?
• Asthma • Glaucoma • Nausea and vomiting • Sinus congestion
A nurse must recognize which class of medication a drug is part of in order to help in planning ongoing assessment and patient education. Which of the following is an example of a drug in the class of beta-adrenergic blockers?
• Atenolol (Tenormin) • Metoprolol (Lopressor) • Propranolol (Inderal)
Which of the following would be important for a patient who has received an anticholinergic agent?
• Auscultating bowel sounds • Monitoring urine output • Monitoring heart rate
Which of the following represent the two types of receptors that are found in the adrenergic nervous system?
• Beta receptors • Alpha receptors
Which of the following are classified as sympatholytic drugs?
• Beta-adrenergic blockers • Alpha-adrenergic blockers
Prior to administering bethanechol (Urecholine) to a client, the nurse's preadministration assessment should include which of the following?
• Blood pressure • Pulse rate • Palpation of the bladder
Which of the following needs to be part of the nurse's preadministration assessment for dobutamine?
• Blood pressure • Respiratory rate • Pulse • Level of consciousness
The nurse is administering an adrenergic agonist to a patient and realizes that this medication will cause stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Which effects will it produce
• Bronchodilation • Decreased bladder tone
A nurse should observe which of the following clients more carefully during the use of propranolol (Inderal) due to the increase likelihood of adverse reactions?
• Clients with asthma • Clients with diabetes • Clients with peptic ulcer disease
The nurse should not administer isoproterenol (Isuprel) to which of the following clients?
• Clients with digoxin toxicity • Clients with angina pectoris • Clients with ventricular arrhythmias
A nurse administers atenolol (Tenormin) to a client suffering an acute MI. The atenolol will result in which of the following changes in the client?
• Decrease the heart's workload • Decreases heart rate
You are caring for a patient who is in hypovolemic shock. The patient's condition is increasing in severity. What features will present clinically?
• Decreased urinary output • Tachycardia • Cool extremities
A nurse caring for a client with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) may be taking which of the following antiadrenergic drugs to treat their BPH?
• Doxazosin (Cardura) • Alfuzosin (Uroxatral) • Tamsulosin (Flomax)
A nurse completing discharge counseling with a client being discharged with clonidine (Catapres) should be told about which of the following adverse events that may occur?
• Dry mouth • Sedation • Anorexia
Dry mouth is a common adverse event that occurs with the daily administration of cholinergic-blocking drugs. Dry mouth can lead to which of the following for which the nurse should monitor a client?
• Dysphagia • Impeded speech
Which of the following are examples of sympathomimetic drugs?
• Epinephrine (EpiPen) • Midodrine (ProAmatine) • Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
While most beta-adrenergic receptors are found in the heart, they are also commonly found in which other organs?
• Eyes • Lungs
The autonomic nervous system controls which of the following body functions?
• Heart rate • Blood pressure • Glandular secretions • GI activity
The nurse should be cautious and closely monitor clients receiving benztropine (Congentin) with which of the following medical conditions?
• Hepatic disease • Renal disease • Hypertension • Hyperthyroidism
The nurse should be cautious and closely monitor clients receiving ambenonium (Mytelase) with which of the following medical conditions?
• Hypertension • Epilepsy
A nurse should review a client's medical conditions prior to administering a cholinergic drug as their use is contraindicated in clients with which of the following medical conditions?
• Hyperthyroidism • Asthma • Peptic ulcer disease
A nurse may be asked to administer adrenergic drugs to clients with which of the following conditions?
• Hypovolemic shock • Respiratory distress • Allergic reactions • Cardiac arrest
When administered to a client isoproterenol (Isuprel) will most likely cause which of the following to occur?
• Increased use of glucose • Decreased gastric motility • Wakefulness
A nurse is caring for a patient with urinary retention who is undergoing cholinergic drug therapy. What ongoing assessment should the nurse perform while caring for the patient?
• Monitor voiding after drug administration • Measure and record the fluid intake and output • Palpate the bladder to determine its size
A nurse should notify the physician immediately if a client taking a cholinergic drug develops which of the following cholinergic crisis symptoms??
• Muscle spasms • Excessive salivation • Muscle rigidity • Severe abdominal cramping
A nurse administering a cholinergic-blocking medication to a client should monitor the client for which of the following visual adverse reactions?
• Mydriasis • Photophobia • Cycloplegia
A nurse administering glycopyrrolate (Robinul) to a client with a peptic ulcer should monitor the client for which of the following gastrointestinal adverse reactions?
• Nausea • Dysphagia • Dry mouth
The physician has prescribed alpha/beta blockers for a patient suffering from hypertension. In which of the following cases would alpha/beta blocker medications be contraindicated?
• Patient has severe bradycardia • Patient has bronchial asthma • Patient has decompensated heart failure
A nurse is assigned to care for a patient who has to be administered alpha adrenergic blocking drug. Which category of patients requires a cautious use of this drug which the nurse should be aware of?
• Patients with renal failure • Patients with Raynaud's disease • Patients with a recent myocardial infarction
Which of the following medication when administered with a cholinergic drug will result in increased adverse effects of the cholinergic drug?
• Prednisone • Dexamethasone
In which of the following situations would a nurse caring for a hospitalized client hold the dose of propranolol (Inderal)?
• Pulse less than 60 bpm • Irregular pulse • Systolic pressure less than 90 mmHg
If a cholinergic-blocking drug is administered prior to surgery, the nurse instructs the client of which of the following?
• Remain in bed after drug administration. • Dry mouth is to be expected.
Which of the following represents an idiosyncratic reaction to scopolamine (Transderm Scop)?
• Restlessness • Insomnia
Prior to administering ambenonium (Mytelase) to a client, the nurse's preadministration assessment should include which of the following?
• Signs of muscle weakness • Signs of difficulty breathing • Drooping eyelids
Which of the following agents would be indicated for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy?
• Terazosin • Alfuzosin
Which of the following cholinergic-blocking drug are used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
• Tiotropium (Spiriva) • Ipratropium (Atrovent)
What should the nurse monitor for when an elderly patient is receiving cholinergic blocking drugs?
• Urinary retention • Drowsiness • Mental confusion
Which of the following medical conditions can be treated with cholinergic drugs?
• Urinary retention • Myasthenia gravis
While educating a client on the use of midodrine (ProAmatine) the nurse should tell the client to report which of the following changes?
• Vision changes • Bradycardia • Difficulty urinating
While preparing your client for an eye examination, you explain that the eye drops, an ophthalmic anticholinergic preparation, will cause the pupil to:
Dilate.
A patient has been given atropine to cause mydriasis and cycloplegia. What is the expected outcome for this patient?
Dilated pupils and blurred vision
The nurse must be aware the some of the cholinergic blocking drugs are available over the counter without a prescription. Which of the following cholinergic blocking drugs are available without a prescription?
Diphenhydramine
Side effects related to the use of tetracyclines include NDV in addition to___?
Discolored teeth & retarded bone growth in fetus or young children
Delivery of a substance to body organs through circulation
Distribution
Movement from blood into tissues and fluids
Distribution
Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat a variety of disease processes. What should the patient newly prescribed anticholinergic drugs by taught by the nurse?
Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how it affects you
What assessment should the nurse make before administering beta-adrenergic blocking agents?
Pulse and blood pressure
Clients with the following disorder should not be given anticholinergic drugs:
Glaucoma.
In which organ are the majority of beta-adrenergic receptors found?
Heart
A resident of a long-term care facility receives 12.5 mg metoprolol (Lopressor) at 8 AM and 8 PM daily. Before administering this drug, the nurse should perform and document what assessments?
Heart rate and blood pressure
Because of the systemic effects of anticholinergic drugs older adults using these drugs are susceptible to what?
Heat stroke related to decreased perspiration
A nurse is administering a cholinergic-blocking drug preoperatively to a patient. What intervention should the nurse perform after administering the drug to the patient?
Raise the side rails of the bed.
Benzodiazepine
Restoril
Melatonin receptor agonist
Rozerem
Selective blockade of serotonin reabsorption
SSRI's
After teaching a group of students about beta-1 selective blockers, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a contraindication for using this group of drugs?
Sinus bradycardia
SRA
Sumatriptan
Which of the following is stimulated during the body's fight-or-flight response to a stressful condition?
Sympathetic nervous system
Another name for adrenergic drugs is
Sympathomimetic drugs.
Drugs that produce activity similar to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine are known as which of the following?
Sympathomimetics
Which of the following types of shock occur as the result of significantly diminished blood volume?
Hypovolemic shock
NSAID
Ibuprofen
A patient is administered epinephrine in conjunction with a local anesthetic. What effect will epinephrine produce?
Increased vasoconstrictive effects
The Islets of Langerhans produces what hormone?
Insulin
List of other drugs or foods that may alter the effect of the drug and usually should not be given during the course of therapy
Interactions
Which of the following is a cholinergic blocking drug which is available in an inhaler form for the treatment of COPD?
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
The nursing students are discussing beta-specific adrenergic agonists in their pharmacology class. What drug is a beta-specific adrenergic agonist and is used to prevent bronchospasm during anesthesia?
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
A patient is scheduled for an exploratory laparoscopy. She has been prescribed an anticholinergic agent. Why is it important to administer the anticholinergic agent in the preoperative phase?
It will decrease respiratory secretions.
Amount that causes death
Lethal dose
Amount used to quickly elevate the blood level of the drug
Loading dose
What hormone induces the development of corpus luteum?
Luteinizing hormone
What hormone induces the secretion of estrogen?
Luteinizing hormone
The hormone that works in conjunction w/ FSH to induce secretion of estrogen, ovulation & development of corpus luteum is
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What hormone stimulates milk production by the mammary gland?
Luteotropic hormone
What hormone stimulates secretion of progesterone?
Luteotropic hormone
Increases concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine & dopamine by monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibition
MAOI's
Amount required to maintain the desired effect
Maintenance dose
Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system?
Norepinephrine
The nursing instructor is discussing cholinergic drugs with his clinical group. What system would the instructor tell his students is stimulated by cholinergic drugs?
Parasympathetic nervous system
A 27-year-old male patient is taking an anticholinergic drug as adjunctive therapy to treat his peptic ulcer disease. The patient comes to the clinic and tells the nurse that he "feels his heart beating." What adverse effect is the patient experiencing from the anticholoinergic medication?
Tachycardia
What is an important instruction for a patient taking an antibiotic?
Take antibiotics at prescribed times
The Thyroid produces what hormone?
Thyroid
What contraindications most likely refer to the use of aminoglycosides?
Tinnitus, high frequency hearing loss, & reduced renal function
A 35-year-old female has been recently diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Her doctor has prescribed propranolol (Inderal) for what effect?
To decrease heart rate
The nurse is preparing Mr. Hahn for pacemaker surgery. The physician orders atropine to be given 30 minutes before the patient leaves for the operating room. The nurse knows that the physician ordered this medication for what reason?
To dry up respiratory secretions to prevent aspiration during surgery
A patient is receiving tamsulosin. The nurse understands that this drug is most likely being given for which reason?
To relax prostatic smooth muscles
Requiring a larger dose of medication to achieve the same level of effect is
Tolerance
Amount that will produce harmful side effects or symptoms of poisoning
Toxic dose
Name by which a pharmaceutical company identifies it's product
Trade name
Potentiation of norepinephrine & serotonin activity by blocking reuptake of these
Tricyclic antidepressants
Anticholinergic agents are also called parasympatholytic agents. True or False?
True
A nurse is caring for a patient with urinary retention. The patient has been prescribed Urecholine. For which category of patients should the nurse take precautions when administrating Urecholine?
Patients with bradycardia
Study of drugs, their origin, nature, properties and effects on living organisms
Pharmacology
Dopamine receptor blockade
Phenothiazide antipsychotics
Indirect toxicity
Alternate term for superinfection
A patient taking anticholinergic drugs should be taught to minimize the risks of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. What would be one way to meet this goal?
Avoid extremes of temperature
The use of metronidazole (Flagyl) may be contraindicated in what patient population?
Alcoholics
What contraindications or warnings are appropriate for tetracyclines?
"Avoid exposure to direct sunlight"
A 50-year-old female patient received atropine and meperidine (Demerol) preoperatively. After surgery, the patient complains of mouth dryness. What would the best response be to the patient?
"This is caused by your preoperative medication, which decreased your saliva. It is only temporary and will improve."
A medication error may include:
-administration of the wrong drug -administration of right drug at wrong time -improper documentation in the patient's record
The right documentation of a medication includes:
-charting any unusual or adverse patient reactions noted following administration -noting the right dose & time of administration -recording the location of any injections & the appearance of the injection site.
MRP's or "medication related problems" may be mistaken for symptoms of what?
-normal consequence of aging -cognitive impairment -behavioral changes
The health care worker should question medication orders if:
-orders are confusing or illegible -orders seem inappropriate -orders include doses that are outside what is customary
The Food & Drug Administration was created to:
-oversee testing of all proposed new drugs prior to release into the U.S market. -Inspect plants where food, drugs, medical devices and cosmetics are made. - remove unsafe drugs from the market.
Adequate, up-to-date information about all medications to be administered includes:
-purpose -potential side effects -cautions -contraindications -possible interactions
What would be one important consideration in a patient's self-administration of insulin?
Administration sites should be rotated w/ each injection
The Pituitary gland produces what hormone?
ACTH
Movement into the bloodstream
Absorption
Passage of a substance through a membrane into body fluids or tissues
Absorption
Non-Opioid Analgesic
Acetaminophen
Which of the following is the substance responsible for transmission of nerve impulses across the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
Which of the following is the enzyme responsible for activating acetylcholine the primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholinesterase
A patient has been prescribed dopamine. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform during the drug regimen?
Administer dopamine only via IV route
Non-benzodiazepine
Ambien
Tricyclic antidepressant
Amitryptyline
Propranolol (Inderal) is used extensively as treatment for what condition?
Angina
Salicylate
Aspirin
Prozac (Fluoxetine)
Antidepressant
Zyprexa (olanzapine)
Antipsychotic
Prior to the administration of a sympatholytic drug, the nurse should check a patient's blood pressure and which of the following?
Apical pulse
A priority nursing assessment for a patient who is to receive an alpha- or beta- adrenergic blocking agent would be what?
Assess heart rate
A patient has been admitted to the emergency department with complaints of sudden nausea, diaphoresis, and shortness of breath. A thorough history has revealed that the patient's signs and symptoms are attributable to an accidental overdose of neostigmine (Prostigmin). The nurse who is providing care for the patient should anticipate that the patient is likely to require what drug?
Atropine
A patient is brought to the Emergency Department (ED) and is found to have cholinergic toxicity. What is the drug of choice to treat this condition?
Atropine
Which agent would be used to counteract a severe reaction occurring with the use of neostigmine?
Atropine
Drugs considered inappropriate for nursing home residents based on a national survey of geriatric experts
Beera drug list
A patient is experiencing urinary retention. He has been prescribed terazosin (Hytrin). What condition contributes to the urinary retention?
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
A patient is brought to the Emergency Department after a motor vehicle accident. The patient is diagnosed with multiple injuries including a bladder injury. The patient is taken to surgery and develops a nonobstructive postoperative urinary retention. What drug would the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient?
Bethanechol
The nurse is assessing the patient for adverse CNS effects after administering a nonselective adrenergic blocker based on the understanding that these effects occur due to which of the following?
Blockage of norepinephrine's effect
Ritalin (Methylphenidate)
CNS stimulant
An 80-year-old patient has been brought to the Emergency Department in shock. The patient is receiving dopamine (Intropin). What potentially serious adverse effect will the nurse monitor for?
Cardiac arrhythmia
A patient has been prescribed edrophonium for myasthenia gravis. Which of the following can the nurse monitor as a general adverse reaction in the patient?
Cardiac arrhythmias
Which of following is an example of an alpha/beta-adrenergic blocking drug?
Carvedilol (Coreg)
A nurse is caring for an elderly patient who is to be administered isoproterenol. Which of the following changes monitored in the patient should the nurse report immediately to the primary healthcare provider?
Changes in pulse rate
A nurse observing a patient receiving treatment with edrophonium (Tensilon) for myasthenia gravis notices the patient clenching his/her jaw, salivating excessively, experiencing and muscle weakness, rigidity, and spasm. These are all symptoms of which of the following?
Cholinergic crisis
A patient has atony of the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Which type of medication will be administered to increase smooth muscle strength?
Cholinergic drugs
Unwanted anticholinergic effects include:
Constipation and dry mouth.
The Adrenal glands produce what hormone?
Corticosteroids
Increased effect of a drug that results from accumulation in the body
Cumulative effect
Your patient is a 72-year-old Asian male, status post-MI, with a 10-year history of cardiovascular disorder. During your pre-discharge patient teaching on his new medications, you discuss his prescribed clonidine and its major clinical effect. Because the drug is an alpha2-adrenergic agonist, the expected effect is:
Decreased blood pressure.
Cellular changes
Drug action
Physiological changes
Drug effect
What drugs are referred to as "Legend Drugs"
Drugs that must carry the legend "Caution-federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription."
Which of the following drugs would be used to diagnose myasthenia gravis in a child?
Edrophonium (Tensilon)
SNRI
Effexor
Hypersensitivity
Excessive immune response to a specific substance
A nurse is caring for a patient with urinary retention. Which of the following conditions should the nurse notify the primary healthcare provider as part of the ongoing assessment?
Failure to void after drug administration
Anticholinergics do not block the effects of acetylcholine in the central nervous system. True or False?
False
What hormone induces sperm production?
Follicle stimulating hormone
What hormone induces the development of ovarian follicles?
Follicle stimulating hormone
Which hormone stimulates ovarian follicle development & sperm production?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
A nurse is writing a plan of care for a patient who is taking bethanechol (Urecholine). What would be an appropriate outcome for this patient?
Improved bladder function
Adrenergic drugs produce which of the following effects?`
Increased heart rate
Stimulation of beta1 adrenergic receptors in the heart results in:
Increased heart rate.
A patient with an overactive bladder has been prescribed solifenacin by the physician. The patient is also taking digoxin for the treatment of a cardiac dysrhythmia. The nurse should monitor for which of the following effects occurring due to the interaction of these two drugs?
Increased serum levels of digoxin
Alterations the drug undergoes in the body
Metabolism
Biotransformation of a drug or substance for use by the body
Metabolism
When administering anticholinesterase drugs, what assessment finding would indicate the patient is experiencing a toxic effect of the medication?
Muscle weakness
What side effects of clindamycin require discontinuation of the medication?
Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting
What side effects occur in most patients, at least to some degree, who are receiving amphotericin B?
Nephrotoxicity
Anticonvulsant
Neurontine
The student nurses are learning about drugs that act on the ANS. The students should learn that adrenergic blocking agents prevent which of the following neurotransmitters from being released and causing SNS effects to be blocked?
Norepinephrine
Morphine
Opioid analgesic
Which hormone stimulates the uterus to contract & induce childbirth?
Oxytocin
Excessive use of drugs or prescriptions or many drugs given at one time
Polypharmacy
Anticholinergics have varied effects on the body. What is one of those effects?
Preventing vagal stimulation
Drug that typifies the characteristics of that classification
Prototype
Direct toxicity
Reaction that results in tissue damage
The cholinergic blocking drug glycopyrrolate (Robinul) is used in conjunction with anesthesia for which of the following reasons?
Reduction of oral secretions
Which Bureau of the Dept. of Justice was established by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970?
The DEA.
A patient has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hypertrophy and has been prescribed prazosin (Minipress) to assist in the treatment of the symptoms. How does this alpha1-blocking agent decrease urinary retention?
The medication inhibits urinary bladder contraction.
Adverse reaction
Unplanned harmful responses to a medication
A student asks the pharmacology instructor to explain the action of anticholinergic agents. What would be the instructor's best response?
They act to block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system
The nurse administered neostigmine to a patient with myasthenia gravis. The nurse is doubling the dose that the patient was taking at home. Three hours later, the nurse is assessing the patient and notes the following symptoms: nausea with vomiting, diarrhea, and sweating. What does she interpret these symptoms to be?
This is cholinergic crisis, and the physician needs to be notified immediately.
A nurse is required to administer propranolol to a patient for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse checks the patient's apical pulse rate and blood pressure before administration of the drug and observes that the pulse rate is below 60 bpm. What nursing intervention should the nurse perform in this case?
Withhold the drug administration and contact PHCP.
superinfection
a new infection as a result of of killing normal flora
Side effects related to the use of quinolones include NDV in addition to ___
abdominal pain, colitis, crystalluria & phototoxicity
Description of the cellular changes that occur as a result of the drug
actions
Drugs that enhance the analgesic effects of opioids and nonopioids, produce analgesia alone or reduce the side effects of analgesics are referred to as
adjuvants
List of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects, other than the desired effect
adverse reactions
Cephalosporins may have interactions when administered with ___
alcohol & loop diuretics
What contraindications most likely refer to the use of macrolides
alcoholism & hypertension
