Phil 102 Quiz 1

What evidence refutes Abdel Omran's view that economic development puts an end to contagions? The appearance of Alzheimer's disease in rich countries. The spread of HIV in the prosperous West starting in the 1980's. The growth in the incidence of cancer in rich countries.

The spread of HIV in the prosperous West starting in the 1980's.

What is "zoonosis"? The transmission of a microbe from a human to an animal. The transmission of a microbe from one zoo animal to another. The transmission of a microbe from an animal to human.

The transmission of a microbe from an animal to human.

If you have a cold and you infect two of your siblings and one of your parents, what is the basic reproductive number or "R-naught" of your cold? Three Four Six Two

Three

What was the location of the transmission of the Nipah virus? Wet markets in China Fish markets in Mexico Pig farms in Malaysia Onion markets in India

Pig farms in Malaysia

How did Vibrio Cholerae acquire the ability to spread directly between people? By producing an antioxidant By producing an antibody By producing a toxin By producing a bacteriophage

By producing a toxin

Is cholera caused by a virus or bacterium? Bacterium Virus

Bacterium

"Cholera kills people fast". Which of the following supports this claim? "...even after being infected, you could, say, eat a decent breakfast at your hotel..." "The newly infected person feels fine at first. Then half a day passes, and cholera has drained his or her body of its fluids, leaving a withered blue corpse." "Without the benefit of modern medicine rapidly administered, you'd be faced with a fifty-fifty chance of survival." "The newly infected person feels fine at first."

"The newly infected person feels fine at first. Then half a day passes, and cholera has drained his or her body of its fluids, leaving a withered blue corpse."

How did the toxin produced by Vibrio Cholerae make that microbe successful in spreading in human populations? By helping the microbe to get rid of its competitors By producing a virus By helping other microbes to proliferate

By helping the microbe to get rid of its competitors

What was the key finding in the 2006 survey by epidemiologist Larry Brilliant ? 90 % of epidemiologists denied that a pandemic with devastating human and economic toll would occur in the next two generations. 90 % of epidemiologists forecast a pandemic with devastating human and economic toll in the next two generations.

90 % of epidemiologists forecast a pandemic with devastating human and economic toll in the next two generations.

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is the concept of argument in critical thinking?" Any statement you make in contradiction to someone's statement. A statement meant to provoke a verbal altercation with someone. A claim or conclusion supported by a reason. A statement which is true.

A claim or conclusion supported by a reason.

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is a logical question?" A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals. A question which probes values. A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon. A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence. A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim. A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences. A question which probes concepts and their connections.

A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences.

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is a conceptual question?". A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon. A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals. A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim. A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences. A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence. A question which probes values. A question which probes concepts and their connections.

A question which probes concepts and their connections.

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is an evidential question?". A question which probes values. A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim. A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals. A question which probes concepts and their connections. A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon. A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence. A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences.

A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim.

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is a pragmatic question?" A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence. A question which probes concepts and their connections. A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals. A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon. A question which probes values. A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim. A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences.

A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is a semantic question?". A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence. A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences. A question which probes concepts and their connections. A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals. A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon. A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim. A question which probes values.

A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence.

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is an axiological question?" A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon. A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences. A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim. A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence. A question which probes concepts and their connections. A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals. A question which probes values.

A question which probes values.

Identify the choice below which provides the correct answer to the question "What is an explanatory question?" A question which probes the meaning of a word, phrase, or sentence. A question which probes practical or pragmatic proposals. A question which probes values. A question which probes assumptions, implications, and inferences. A question which probes concepts and their connections. A question which probes facts or evidence for a claim. A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon.

A question which seeks the best explanation for an outcome, event, or phenomenon.

Which of the following is not a pandemic-enabling factor in forecasts on impending pandemic? Advances in vaccine development Increasing number of candidate pathogens Shortcomings in our public health infrastructure

Advances in vaccine development

Which of the following is not a microbe? Bacteria Ants Protozoa Viruses

Ants

Which of the following cannot cause a pandemic? Influenza Smallpox Cholera Arthritis

Arthritis

Which of the following views on epidemiology were propounded by the Egyptian scholar Abdel Omran? There is no correlation between economic development and contagions. Economic development puts an end to contagions. Economic development contributes to an increase in contagions.

Economic development puts an end to contagions

Which of the following is the means of prevention of cholera? Ensuring clean streets Ensuring clean air Ensuring clean water supply

Ensuring clean water supply

What is an important factor which explains the rise in monkeypox infection in humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo? The development of smallpox vaccination The consumption of monkeys infected with monkeypox Forest destruction leading to more contact between humans and monkeypox infected rodents.

Forest destruction leading to more contact between humans and monkeypox infected rodents.

Under what conditions does a population afflicted by an infection face an existential threat or threat to its survival? If each infection results in one more infection. If each infection results in more than one additional infection. If each infection results in less than an additional infection.

If each infection results in more than one additional infection.

Why is the basic reproductive number of a pathogen significant? It helps to develop a vaccine for a disease. It helps to predict the fatality rate of an infection. It helps to predict the future course of an outbreak. It helps to understand the severe symptoms of a disease.

It helps to predict the future course of an outbreak.

Which of the following is not a reason given by Shah for her claim that cholera "stands alone" among other contagions? It's emergence and spread were well-documented from the beginning. It kills those who are alone or isolated. After two hundred years, it still retains exceptional power to cause death and disruption. It has already caused seven pandemics.

It kills those who are alone or isolated.

In Chap. 1 of "Climate Crisis and the Global Green New deal", what was the reason Trump was prevented from building a golf course with luxury homes? It would have attracted QAnon crazies to the area. It would have endangered drinking water supply for nearby communities. He didn't pay his taxes. It would have increased his chances of losing the 2020 elections.

It would have endangered drinking water supply for nearby communities.

Text: Climate Change and the Global Green New Deal: Chap. 1: "It is, therefore, not surprising that air pollution is the fourth leading risk factor for death." Which of the following provides the evidence for this conclusion? More than 90% of the world's population breathes unsafe air. More than 90% of the world's population supports renewable energy. More than 90% of the world's population prefers cars. More than 90% of the world's population lives in cities.

More than 90% of the world's population breathes unsafe air.

What is the "basic reproductive number" of a pathogen? The number of people who recover from a disease caused by a pathogen. The average number of susceptible people who are infected by a single infected person in the absence of external interventions. The average number of people who are immune to infection by a single infected person in the absence of external interventions. The total number of people infected by the pathogen.

The average number of susceptible people who are infected by a single infected person in the absence of external interventions.

What is the key statistic on deaths caused by pathogens in the U.S. between 1980 and 2000? The number of deaths declined by 60%. The number of deaths rose by 20 %. The number of deaths rose nearly 60 %. The number of deaths declined by 20 %.

The number of deaths rose nearly 60 %.

What is the predictable outcome if, on the average, each infection results in one more infection? The outbreak might continue indefinitely. The outbreak will stop suddenly. The outbreak will die out on its own.

The outbreak might continue indefinitely.

What is the predictable outcome if, on the average, each infection does not result in an additional infection, e.g., A infects B and C, but B and C each do not infect anyone else? The outbreak will die out on its own. The outbreak will increase exponentially. The outbreak will continue indefinitely

The outbreak will die out on its own.

In the video clip "Viruses and Bacteria: What's the difference and who cares anyway?" (in Module 1 "Pandemic: The Basics of Microbiology & Infectious diseases"), what is the key difference between viruses and bacteria? Unlike bacteria, viruses have no life processes. Unlike bacteria, viruses are visible to the naked eye. Unlike bacteria, viruses have no genetic material.

Unlike bacteria, viruses have no life processes

According to Noam Chomsky (Chap. 1, Climate Change and the Global Green New Deal), why are humans today facing "awesome problems that are radically unlike any that have arisen before in human history"? We face the threat of world war. We face pandemics. We face problems today which threaten the survival of organized human society. We face problems of inequality.

We face problems today which threaten the survival of organized human society.

What was the likely location of the transmission of the SARS virus? Fruit markets in Southern India Cattle ranches in Southern Mexico Wet markets in Southern China Rice markets in Southern Thailand

Wet markets in Southern China

What is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic? Whereas an epidemic is an increase in the occurrence of a disease in particular locality, a pandemic is its spread across regions or continents. Whereas a pandemic is an increase in the occurrence of a disease in particular locality, an epidemic is its spread across regions or continents.

Whereas an epidemic is an increase in the occurrence of a disease in particular locality, a pandemic is its spread across regions or continents.