PHIL. 1301 - Exam 1

Why is fire so important to Heraclitus? What was that quote about a river?

- Fire was Heraclitus' first principle: "all things are exchanged for fire, and fire for all things" - "all are in flux like a river"

Who are the two fathers we studied thus far?

- Socrates (Father of Western Philosophy) - Aristotle (Father of Western Logic) - Plato (Father of Idealism in Philosophy)

Why is it we desire to know? Who stated this?

- We desire to know because of "the delight we take in our senses; for even apart from their usefulness, they are loved for themselves." - Aristotle

What is logos and mythos?

- logos - "the study of" / using logical analysis to lead thinkers to wisdom. - mythos - explains natural occurrences with supernatural origins; Greeks believed in the Gods/ Goddesses of Mount Olympus.

Define metaphysics and Epistemology.

- metaphysics - concerned with nature and fundamental properties of being - epistemology - concerned with the nature, sources, limits, and criteria of knowledge

What is skepticism and relativism?

- skepticism - view that we lack knowledge in some fundamental ways. - relativism - doctrine that the truth about something depends on what persons or cultures believe.

What is interdisciplinary and how does this relate to philosophy?

It means that it touches all areas of study such as math, science, English, history, art, government, economics, sociology, politics, and religion.

What does philosophy literally mean?

It means to love knowledge or wisdom. ("Philein" Sophia")

Oh my, why do we love Pythagoras so much?

Makes math easier to figure out in simplest form (IDK)

Who led Athens during the Golden Age?

Pericles

Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea were all battles in a war between which two countries?

Persia and Greece

Thales was the father of what and he thought the world was made of what?

Father of Western Philosophy and he thought the world was made of water.

Who is the writer that gave us a view of the mythic world?

Heraclitus

Why are the PreSocratics important?

The PreSocratics introduced a new way of inquiring into the world and the place of human beings in it. (first philosophers and scientists of western tradition)