PHIL-1301 Unit 2 Exam

False

"Renaissance" means "New Age."

False

According to the Stoics, amor fati would be which of the following principles?

True

According to the slides, when the new followers of Jesus said that "Jesus is Lord" they were saying something politically dangerous and radical because Roman citizens were required to say the "Caesar is Lord."

A. What makes people happy? C. What is art for? D. What are friends for? F. How can ideas cut through in a busy world?

According to the video, Aristotle's work asks at least four types of questions. Select the four below:

B. Earthly happiness D. A just social order

According to the video, St. Augustine refuted the idea that we could ever obtain which of the Roman Empire's values? (Select all that apply.)

. That he opened up Christianized Europe to accepting knowledge from other sources such as reason and science, paving the way for the Renaissance.

According to the video, St. Thomas' primary lasting contribution to philosophy (even non-Christian philosophy) is what?

He saw how strict religious thinking was dampening the earlier Muslim advancements in science, math, and technology.

According to the video, one of the reasons that St. Thomas was interested in laying a "philosophical framework of open inquiry" was because

False

Aristotle and his followers were called "the peripatetics." That term means that they were general thinkers, widely interested in many subjects, including subjects we'd call science today.

The art of getting people to agree with you.

Aristotle invented the discipline we call "rhetoric." What does the word mean?

False

Aristotle may have preferred a certain form of government, but he approves of several forms of government--so long as the constitution of the government is designed for elections and representation of the poor in a legislature of some sort.

False

Aristotle's goal of eudaimonia means "pleasure."

We have inherited the rebellious sin of Adam in the Garden of Eden. That's why life is hard and we are broken, imperfect people.

Augustin is credited with the Christian doctrine of "original sin." What does that phrase mean?

A. The authority of the Pope vs. the New Testament B. The idea that salvation and heaven are by God's grace alone, and not through good deeds or indulgences.

By the end of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation, what two things could the "protestants" and the Roman Church never agree on? (Choose two.)

The coming of the Jewish Messiah or Christ Love and servitude toward all people The forgiveness of sin (evil or wrongdoing) for all people

Christianity is largely about which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

False

During the Renaissance, Plato won the battle for the minds of Europeans and the new American settlers. It was a very Platonic period and Aristotle faded from view for many centuries.

True

For those making the Cosmological Argument, calling the first cause "God" implies that, whatever the cause is, it is outside of the chain of causes and effects within the universe.

True

In his earlier adulthood, Augustine was a Machean, and then a Neoplatonist, before becoming a follower of Christ.

Gabriel, the angel, began communicating with him and telling him to "read" or "recite" what he was being told.

Islam began with Muhammad. What happened to spark his rise as a prophet?

Dietary. family, and lifestyle laws

Judaism was an early form of monotheism that offered a moral law but also what?

True

Karl Marx actually studied Epicurus at University and his commune idea appears to be modeled on Epicurus' ideas.

False

Most of the philosophical thinkers of the Middle Ages were Christian. Jews and Muslims were busy with religion, but not with other kinds of rational thought.

1. Intellect 2. Soul 3. Human body 4. Animals

Place the following layers of reality in the order in which a neoplatonist would place them--from greatest being/godness to least being/godness.

True

Renaissance Humanism also meant that, even in their Christianity, people became more focused on the centrality of human thoughts and human needs than on the other world and God.

When knowledge is obtained through sensory experience (a posteriori) and is publicly verifiable.

Select the best definition of "empiricism" from our study.

He had a "beatific vision" of the full and final reality . . . God?

Several years before his death, something happened to St. Thomas which caused him to cease his writing and philosophical work. What was it?

True

St. Thomas' philosophical system is called Natural Theology.

Agree

St. Thomas' work depended heavily on the work of Aristotle.

Ancient books, thinkers, and knowledge

The Encyclopediasts got their name because they cataloged and copied other learning. (That's where we get our word, "encyclopedia.") What did they catalog and copy?

False

The Epicureans were intent on defining "the good life."

True

The Renaissance thinkers were more interested in the humanities and moral philosophy than with metaphysics (ontology), and they turned philosophy into a study for all people, and not just the clergy.

Inner tranquility or equilibrium

The goal of Stoicism is which of the following?

Because the universe wouldn't still exist if it had an infinite amount of time in which to reach its end or equilibrium.

The idea that history might be infinite seems impossible if time is linear (goes backward in our common sense, straight-line way). Why?

False

The term for believing that there is an infinite history to something is "Infinite Countdown."

The groups disagreed about who should follow Muhammad as leader (Caliph) when Muhammad died.

The two largest sects of Islam are the Sunni and the Shi'a. How did they become divided?

Having one god

The word monotheism means what?

True

There is still Neoplatonism inside of some of the world's religions and philosophies, even if we don't call it that anymore.

True

True or False? Aristotle believes that all things in the world--whether human, animal, or physical objects--have purposes that they strive toward.

False

True or False? For Stoics, freedom means not having to control one's self.

True

True or False? Islam was birthed by Muhammad but traces its lineage back to Abraham, just as Judaism and Christianity do, even embracing parts of the Jewish and Christian scriptures.

False

True or False? Jewish, Christian, and Muslim scholars all worked side-by-side in libraries in Spain during the middle ages.

True

True or False? Judaism was an early form of monotheism that focused on heaven and the afterlife.

The Golden Mean

What do we call Aristotle's idea that the virtuous action is generally the midpoint between the extreme vices?

A posteriori

What type of knowledge comes prior to (independently of) our sensory experience in the world? This sort of knowledge is arrived at through reason or definitions, not experience.

The City of Man and The City of God

What were St. Augustine's words for describing the broken, sinful world where things don't work well, and the idealized world in which everything works according to God's plan?

Logic

Which of the following academic disciplines did Aristotle start?

B. It doesn't argue for anything specific like what we usually call "God." C. Maybe there never was a beginning, so a creation point is not needed. The past is infinite. D. If everything requires a cause then what caused God?

Which of the following are common objections that are made to the Cosmological Arguments? (Select all that apply.)

A. Saul (later St. Paul) began a great missionary movement to spread Jesus' message outside the Jewish community and this established churches in many cities, so the movement became a larger, more organized enterprise. B. A term was eventually necessary to separate the Jews and non-Jews who followed Jesus from those who did not.

Which of the following are likely factors in how The Way became the religion called Christianity? (Select all that apply.)

A. Simple work for one's self B. Learning how to be calm inside our own minds C. Friends

Which of the following are the three things Epicurus thought we needed to be happy? (Select the three that apply.)

A. The examples of others B. Experience C. Habit

Which of the following can help teach us to be virtuous? (Select all that apply.)

Our own actions and attitudes

Which of the following can we control?

How to be a good person; what kind of person to be

Which of the following does Aristotle's Virtue Ethics tell us?

C. The Reformation and Counter-Reformation D. The exploration of the Americas (North and South) E. The arts: painting, sculpture, music, architecture, literary F. The Scientific Revolution

Which of the following endeavors was part of the renaissance in European culture? (Select all that apply.)

Giordano Bruno

Which of the following is sometimes called "the last man of the Renaissance"?

Prefer simpler explanations over more complex ones. Always shave the excess out of your theories.

Which of the following is the principle now called, "Ockham's Razor"?

Evil is not a thing that God created; it has no Platonic Form. Evil is merely the logical absence of Good.

Which of the following was St. Augustine's answer to "How could there be a good God if the world contains Evil?"

A. God is outside of time, so his knowledge and your choice are happening together. Everything for God is an eternal "Now." C. If God knows, it's because his knowledge matches your choice--not because you had to choose what he knew.

Which of the following were St. Augustine's answers to the dilemma about whether we have free will if God knows our future? (Select all that apply.)

B. The Argument from Causation D. The Argument from Motion E. The Argument from Contingency F. The Argument from Degrees

Which of the following were versions of the Cosmological Argument given by St. Thomas? (Select all that apply.)

Professional Prestige Fancy clothes and housing Gourmet Food

Which of the following would be examples of "vain desires" for Epicureans? (Select all that apply.)

Because we do (and should) use reason to decide what to put our faith in.

Which reason did your instructor offer for why we should consider faith and reason together in the same process, rather than keeping them entirely separate?

True

William of Ockham is significant to our study as a link between the Middle Ages and the more scientific age of the Renaissance.