Philosophy 2b

"But there is a grating paradox when this model is applied to the city.. and that problem could only have an _______________________."

Authoritarian solution.

..."but he also claims that"...

Some pleasures are more valuable than others.

"Early in the first chapter of the Republic, we are shocked by the bald assertion of the Sophist Thrasymachus one of the protagonists of the dialogue, who informs us that...

That justice is the advantage of the stronger.

` Socrates forms an objection against Thrasymachus's bald assertion.

That morality doesn't always benefit those in power.

Arete, good habits, golden mean of moderation, mean, deficiency, excess.

The English word "excellence" was used here to translate the greek word ____________,... Moral virtue requires the development of ____________... accordance with "_______________________". For Aristotle, a "_____________"is a position taken between two extremes; he calls one extreme "_______________" and an opposite extreme "excess".

What is phronimos?

Virtuous man.

What idea does modern virtue ethics reject?

Morality can be a list of rules.

How of hypothetical imperatives differ from categorical imperatives?

A hypothetical imperative is a practical concern categorical imperative are exceptionalness.

What is the principle of falsifiability?

A question must have the possibility of being refuted in order for it to be scientific.

State one version of the categorical imperative.

Act only on that maxim that you could will to be a universal law.

What is Kant's third formulation of the categorical imperative?

Act so that you treat humanity... always an end and never as a means.

consequentialism

Besides rejecting as artificial the kind of program and absolute we found in Kant, virtue ethics also mounts an attack on the _________________ of the utilitarians.

The vice of deficiency is _______________.

Cowardliness.

Name the two fictitious examples that illustrate this problem.

Execution for parking violations, "the case of sam."

The vice of excess is _____________.

Foolhardiness.

What is the object raised by Robert Louden with regard to phronimos?

How do we know who is virtuous without knowing what is?

Explain how stealing violates the categorical imperative.

If everyone stole, then there'd be nothing steal.

If we accept Kant's position, then there are four difficulties (or objections) to address.

It is inevitable that, you will use someone as a means.

What is the big difference between utilitarianism and Kant's moral theory?

Kant does not consider the consequences.

The soul criterion of value is pleasure.

Mill. What is the primary bullshit bullshit for hedonism?

What is the difference between psychologist egoism and moral egoism?

Psychological egoism- people act in there self interest, and Moral egoism- ought to be motivated by self interest.

From the view of Scanlon's moral theory, describe the connection between morality and reasonableness.

Reasonableness forces us to consider others which is already moral.

"The ideal city... First are the _________ who know philosophy;... have the virtue of _________ . Second, there is a ___________ caste called... The collective virtue of the guardian class is _________. Finally, there is the class of __________... When it does so, its collective virtue is ____________.

Rulers, wisdom, military, courage, artisans, moderation.

Martha Nussbaum replied to Robert Louden's objection about phronimos. What solution does Nussbaum suggest?

The meaning of virtue can be discovered through fiction.

..."icy side of Kant's moral philosophy".

The person who does something must not want to do it in order to be moral.

What does Kant mean by "goodwill"?

The will to do one's duty.

"The inquiry seems to me to become now absurd." Why?

Would you ask yourself why you have to be healthy?