Philosophy

What are these in the Chinese religions: Wood, fire, earth, metal, and water?

Five elements

______________ note the correct behavior a superior and an inferior. The superior is to take care of the inferior; and the inferior is to obey the superior. Confucius notes these relationships: Father-Son, Elder Brother-younger brother, husband-wife, elder-younger, and king-subject. What is it?

Five relations

____________ is the central idea in Confucianism. We could even say that it the summation of all Confucian values. It is translated as "humaneness," "sympathy," "empathy," etc. What is it?

Jen

Of the following, which notes the legalists' understanding of law?

Laws ought to be strictly defined to oversee virtually every aspect of people's behavior; the purpose of the laws is to create uniform order for the benefit of the state, not individuals.

Unlike other far Eastern schools of thought, this school of thought held that human nature is inherently evil.

Legalism

Legalism held that emperors should rule is ministers and officials with two handles: _________ and _________. What are they

Punishment and reward

Usually translated as Power and Position, ______________ notes the "mystery of authority" that rulers possess, which is asserted by the legalists. It is due to this that rulers ought to be obeyed. What is it?

Shi

___________ is the Confucian virtue of reciprocity. It states, "What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others." What fits the blank?

Shu

Which of the following notes the Generating Cycle?

Fire creates earth, earth bears metal, metal carries water, water feeds wood, wood feeds fire.

What is the ideal form of civilization for Daoists?

A "civilization" without rules, laws, education or pursuit of technological developments

Confucius did not leave any written work. However, his disciples compiled his teachings to form this book. What is its title?

Analects

Of the following, which is NOT one of the Five Classics that Confucius edited and compiled?

Analects

This is one of the most fundamental, if not the fundamental, idea/concept in the Chinese religions.

Chi

According to Confucianism, who ought to be governmental officials?

Chun tzu

Often translated as Superior Man or Gentleman,_______________ is the Confucian ideal person. Such a person is filled with humaneness, and the rules of propriety are like a second nature to him. Confucius thought that if the government employed the Gentlemen as its officials, all the chaos that surrounded his time will end

Chun tzu

Of the following, which is NOT one of the four predispositions that Mencius says all people have?

Courage

Consisting of 81 chapters, the authorship of this text is traditionally attributed to Laozi. However scholars have noted that it is not a work of a single author, given the diversity of style. In fact, they also note that it was compiled probably during the time of Mencius, given its critique of Confucianism as well as the schools that came after Confucius, namely Mohism.

Daodejing

Why did the Daoists criticize Confucians?

Daoists criticized Confucianism because by appealing to humaneness as the summation of all virtues, it made the first major distinction between what is good (humane) and what is bad (inhumane). From this all other distinctions arose, causing people to desire that which is good over that which is bad.

As with Buddhists, Daoists claim that human beings are unhappy and cause problems because of desire

Desire arises because human beings make dist

According to Mohists, why should the salaries of the governmental officers/ministers be very high?

Doing so will attract the most capable people to the government. Higher the salary, the more attractive the job will be.

Of the following, which notes the similarities among Confucianism, Mohism, and Legalism?

Each argued that the chaos of the Warring State period can be removed if the government is run without nepotism, and filled with people based on their abilities, not on their aristocratic birth

Like Confucius and the Legalists, Mohists also noted that the chaos of the Warring State period can be removed if the Worthy were in charge. Of the following, which describes the Worthy?

Educated in the practical fields befitting their governmental offices, they are led by universal love and impartiality in fulfilling their duty without any hint of nepotism

______ notes the legalists' understanding of Law. They asserted that laws should be made to guide the behaviors of its people. By enforcing the laws, the people will become virtuous. What is it

Fa

Of the following which is NOT true of the ancient Chinese understanding of family?

Given the Westernization and its emphasis on individuality, no one follows this ancient way anymore.

These are malevolent spirits

Gui

An ancient Chinese text, this book was initially used for oracular purposes. It notes the movement of yin and yang at any given moment and situation.

I ching

Of the following, which notes the Daoist understanding of Dao?

It is the mysterious way in which the universe functions, providing impartial order.

Of the following, which is true about the Legalist school of thought concerning evil?

It held that any activity that does not benefit the society directly is evil, including music, poetry, painting, etc.

___________is often translated as "propriety" or "rites." These are codes of correct conduct that guides religious ceremonies, etiquette, morality, relations among people, etc. What is it?

Li

According to Confucianism, Human beings are born with certain predispositions toward good. Among the following, which is NOT one of them?

Love of learning

This philosopher founded a school of thought that rivaled Confucianism, although it never recovered after Qin dynasty's persecution of those who followed it

Mo zi

Why did the Mohists disdain Confucianism?

Mohists thought that Confucians were too impractical and held that Confucians overemphasized

Of the following, which notes the correct understanding of situational ethics?

People behave as it best serves them from situation to situation, even when they acknowledge that there may be some universal moral principles.

What is the philosophical Daoist understanding of death/after life?

Philosophical Daoism holds that death is simply part of the natural cycle. As with all living things, a human being is born, lives, then dies. As such, Daoism denies the very notion of after life.

This concept denotes the Daoist understanding that human beings are born without any innate characteristics or personal traits, like a block of wood before it is carved. As a block gets different characteristics and gain a particular shape as it is carved, so does a human being gain her personality and characteristics as we experience the world and make distinctions. And, this is the ideal that Daoist seek to return to: the state of simplicity or uncarved block. What is it?

P'u

Qui

Small state unified china during warring state (legalism)

Legalist understanding of humanistic learning such as music art literature and history

Such learning ought to be abolished

This is the Ultimate Reality of Mohists. It is neither a personal being (like God) nor an impersonal ground of all (like Brahman

T'ian

Used as a primer for children to master written Chinese, this is a long poem. While learning the characters, children are also taught the basic cosmology and ethical values. What is this text called?

The classic of a thousand characters

Although this Mohist doctrine sounds like the Christian Golden Rule or the Confucian notion of reciprocity at first, Mohists argue that it ought to be followed because it will provide practical, personal benefit to everyone, including the one who practices it. What is it?

Universal love

Lasting from 481 BCE to 221 BCE, this period notes the continual war among some 7-9 small states until when one of the smaller states, Qin, succeeds in unifying China. What is this period called?

Warring states period

While they were not strictly pacifists, Mohists were against war, especially invading another state. Why?

Wars celebrate the same actions condemned at the individual level.

________________ notes the Confucian virtue of the love of high culture, such as painting, music, poetry, etc. Confucius held that the arts possess the power of transforming people's heart. What is it?

Wen

Which of the following notes the Destruction Cycle?

Wood parts Earth, Earth absorbs water, Water quenches fire, Fire melts metal, and Metal chops wood

This Daoist concept is variously translated, including "no action," "inactive activity," and "effortless effort," it notes the way of the nature. Various images are used to explain this concept, including women, valley, and water. What is it?

Wu wei

______________ notes the Confucian virtue of filial piety. It stems from the idea that one's life is a gift from one's parents. One is to bring honor and respect to the family. One is to obey one's parents, no matter what. Parents are to sacrifice all that they have for the sake of their children. What is it?

Xiao

The ancient Chinese held that that in the beginning, there was this undifferentiated, hence unorganized Chi.

Yang

This is this counter force to yang.

Yin

Often translated as wisdom, this Confucian concept notes the wisdo

Zhi

Legalists emphasized the "fundamental" practices and education geared toward them, rather than the "incidental".

the fundamental includes agricultural, military, and divination