Phlebotomy: Chapter 17 Self Study

true

True or False: In neonatal testing, cocaine is most frequently identified with maternal drug use

1.025

A urine specimen with a specific gravity greater than _______ may indicate the sample has been adulterated

forensic toxicology

____________ laboratories are legally accountable for documenting the handling of evidence within their organization

Using permanent ink, each sample must have victim's name, specimen type, identification number if available, and chain of custody form. The specimen must also be permanently sealed until tested

Describe the proper labeling of forensic sample

Study of the toxins in legal cases

Forensic toxicology is the: a. Study of hair and nails b. Performance of urine drug screens c. Study of the toxins in legal cases d. Acquisition of specimens for criminal cases

four

A collector of a urine specimen for drug testing must check the temperature of the sample within ________ minutes

gateway drugs

Addiction and tobacco are considered to be ___________, meaning that they tend to lead to the use of illicit drugs and to drug addiction a. Gateway drugs b. Non-addictive substance c. Barbiturates d. Hallucinogens

Randomly

An employee in the airline industry may be screened for drugs in which of the following circumstances? a. Randomly b. Upon retirement c. When going on vacation d. When renewing a driver's license

Balance test

An example of a field sobriety test is: a. Diabetic screen b. NCAA drug screen c. Blood alcohol level d. Balance test

all of the above

DNA has which characteristics? a. Is exactly the same in all cells of the body (except reproductive) b. Stays the same throughout life c. Is different in everyone except identical twins d. All of the above

-Must hold up under intense scrutiny -Minimize contamination from oils from hands, plastic or glass used in collection

Explain why forensic workers must follow strict guidelines for the collection and handling of forensic samples

-Preemployment -Reasonable suspicion -Random for security -Post-accident/injury -Promotion -Annual physical exam

Identify three possible situations in which drug testing is necessary or appropriate

Immunoassay

In a clinical laboratory, a low-cost, rapid analytical method used for drug screening is: a. Immunoassay b. Thin layer chromatography c. Gas chromatography d. Molecular analysis

postmorten evidence

Specimens collected during an autopsy are called: a. Postmortem evidence b. Trace evidence c. Chemical evidence d. Drug evidence

forensic

Specimens involved in criminal or civil legal cases are called _________ specimens

gateway

Substance abuse problems and addiction tend to begin with ___________ drugs

water

The most common substance used to alter a urine specimen for drug testing is __________

False urine generally has a greater concentration of drugs

True or False: A greater concentration of drugs is usually found in blood rather than urine

true

True or False: All forensic specimens must follow the chain of custody

true

True or False: Blood is preferred as a specimen for EPO and alcohol testing

true

True or False: Immunoassays are often used to screen for the presence of illicit drugs

Comply with federal regulations (DOT, DOD, NRC, DOE)

Which factor represents a valid reason for workplace drug testing? a. Comply with federal regulations (DOT, DOD, NRC, DOE) b. Intimidate minor applicants c. Avoid hiring people who live alternative lifestyles d. Generate revenue for drug testing companies

Photo ID issued by government agency

Which of the following are acceptable forms of identification for drug testing? a. Conformation by an acquaintance b. Health insurance card c. Photo ID issued by government agency d. Social security card

heroin

Which of the following is an example of an illicit drug? a. Tobacco b. Alcohol c. Heroin d. Valium

alcohol

Which of the following is not an elicit substance? a. Heroin b. Cocaine c. Alcohol d. Hallucinogens

aviation

Which of the following may not be required by federal law to participate in anti-drug programs? a. Aviation b. Hazardous material transport c. Mass transit d. College professionals

Private employers may use different testing levels for initial or confirmatory tests

Which rules apply to drug testing in the private sector? a. Employees can chose their testing day b. Require same test as federal agencies c. Employees can't be tested without prior notice d. Private employers may use different testing levels for initial or confirmatory tests

Specimens may be decomposing or have been exposed to elements

Which statement is correct regarding how forensic toxicology specimen differ from other forms of body fluid analysis? a. Specimens may be in large quantities at the crime scene b. Specimens may be decomposing or have been exposed to elements c. They are similar d. Results from forensic toxicology are rarely shared with law enforcements and in court

DNA

______ testing is highly accurate in individual/victim identification

chain of custody

__________ is the legal term that refers to the ability to guarantee the identity and integrity of the sample from collection through reporting of test results a. Identity security b. Reporting standard c. Chain of custody d. Forensic toxicology

tamper-evident seal

A __________ must be present if an evidence specimen is being transferred or transported to another laboratory location

Detect adulteration in a urine specimen

A bluing color agent is used to: a. Detect adulteration in a urine specimen b. Indicate a positive result on a drug screen c. Distinguish one forensic specimen from another d. Indicate a negative result on a drug screen

The specimen must be identified with the name of employee, identification number, contact information of employer, medical review officer, donor and reason for testing. The specimen must be tamper-proof sealed and a Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Form or similar form must be completed

At a local manufacturing plant, random drug testing has been mandated. The collection of specimens is being done at the company's health services testing center. Upon notification employees are to report for specimen collection within twelve hours. Mr. C was contacted on 2/12 at 2 PM to report for drug testing. He arrived at the testing center 2/13 at 1:59 PM with his urine sample in hand. Before transporting the urine specimen for testing, what final steps must the controller take?

No, even though the sample testing within the acceptable temperature range, it cannot be guaranteed that the sample was from the employee being tested

At a local manufacturing plant, random drug testing has been mandated. The collection of specimens is being done at the company's health services testing center. Upon notification employees are to report for specimen collection within twelve hours. Mr. C was contacted on 2/12 at 2 PM to report for drug testing. He arrived at the testing center 2/13 at 1:59 PM with his urine sample in hand. If the collector tested the urine specimen temperature and it was 34 degrees C, could it be used?

No, the sample is not acceptable. All drug testing urine samples must be collected on site with controls in place to ensure the sample is the employees and has not been altered in any manner

At a local manufacturing plant, random drug testing has been mandated. The collection of specimens is being done at the company's health services testing center. Upon notification employees are to report for specimen collection within twelve hours. Mr. C was contacted on 2/12 at 2 PM to report for drug testing. He arrived at the testing center 2/13 at 1:59 PM with his urine sample in hand. Is this sample acceptable? Why or why not?

Mr. C should not carry any unnecessary items into the facility. The water in the toilet should be colored and running water not available during the collection process. There should be only one door through which Mr. C can enter. After collection, the collector should check the color and odor of the sample for anything that may have been added. They will also check the specific gravity which should be between 1.003 and 1.025 and the temperature should be tested within 4 minutes and be between 32 and 38 degrees C or 90-100 degrees F

At a local manufacturing plant, random drug testing has been mandated. The collection of specimens is being done at the company's health services testing center. Upon notification employees are to report for specimen collection within twelve hours. Mr. C was contacted on 2/12 at 2 PM to report for drug testing. He arrived at the testing center 2/13 at 1:59 PM with his urine sample in hand. Mr. C returned a second time prepared to collect the sample at the testing center. What steps should the collector take to ensure sample integrity?

The collector should refuse the sample and ask the employee to return later to collect the sample

At a local manufacturing plant, random drug testing has been mandated. The collection of specimens is being done at the company's health services testing center. Upon notification employees are to report for specimen collection within twelve hours. Mr. C was contacted on 2/12 at 2 PM to report for drug testing. He arrived at the testing center 2/13 at 1:59 PM with his urine sample in hand. What should the collector do?

Legal cases/criminal investigations

Forensic specimens are those involved in which of the following? a. Routine testing for diabetes b. Legal cases/criminal investigations c. Urine screening for preemployment physicals d. Random drug screens

Alcohol and tobacco

Gateway drugs include: a. Alcohol and tobacco b. Marijuana and crack c. Heroin and cocaine d. Ecstasy and LSD

-Identification of donor and specimen -Prevent adulteration and substitution -Tamper-proof the specimen after collection -Keep accurate and comprehensive documentation

Identify four major responsibilities of a collector for drug testing samples

-Check color and odor of sample -Check temperature within four minutes -Check specific gravity of samples -Do not allow access to water during collection

Identify two ways in which adulteration of urine for drug testing can be detected or deterred

trace

Minute amounts of material found at the scene of a crime are called _________ evidence

transporting donor

Responsibilities of the collector of a specimen for drug testing does not usually include which of the following? a. Identification of donor b. Identification of specimen c. Preventing adulteration of the specimen d. Transporting donor

addiction

The continuing, compulsive use of a substance, even in light of negative effects, is called: a. Addiction b. Dependency c. Illegal d. Therapeutic

Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry

The most specific and accurate form of drug testing is: a. Thin layer chromatography b. Immunoassay c. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry d. Breathalyzer

False many things affect the results of breathalyzer tests, actual blood testing is more accurate

True or False: Breathalyzer tests are equivalent to blood alcohol content in their accuracy

False many things can be used for forensic testing, including carpet fibers

True or False: Hair, skin, and fingernails can all be used for forensic testing, but carpet fibers cannot

true

True or False: Poppy seed ingestion can cause false positive drug testing results for morphine and codeine

true

True or False: Saliva specimens may, in the future, replace urine for drug testing

true

True or False: The legal limit of blood alcohol concentration for adults in the US is 0.08%

none of the above

Under what conditions would a specimens be deemed unacceptable in a forensic laboratory? a. Clotted b. Hemolyzed c. Over 24 hours old d. None of the above

Temperature strips

Urine specimen containers used in federal workplace testing usually have which of the following? a. Designated area for a fingerprint b. Temperature strips c. Aliquot identification d. Confidentiality notices

Account for a specimen from point of collection to final disposition

What is the purpose of a chain of custody process? a. Maintain control of the donor who gives the specimen b. Account for a specimen from point of collection to final disposition c. Specimen identification d. Provide privacy to the donor

Department of Transportation

Which department provides the standards for testing specimens for workplace drug testing? a. Department of Transportation b. Federal Drug Administration c. Department of Defense d. Health and Human Services

Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

____________ testing has the highest degree of specificity; however, the expense of equipment and the requirement for highly-trained personnel sometimes makes it cost prohibitive. It is also more time consuming than other, simpler methods a. Immunoassays (IA) b. Gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) c. Thick layer chromatography (TLC) d. Simplified urinalysis