PHLT 307 Quizzes Study

What percentage of adolescents and young adults meet the recommended guidelines for physical activity?

100% 50% Less than 25% 75% Correct: Less than 25%

According to the four basic ethical principles of scarce resource allocation, which patient would you prioritize for treatment?

20-year-old pregnant teacher with HIV living below the poverty line: for ART 90-year-old ex-President of a developed country with severe heart failure: for heart transplant 70-year-old man with liver cancer, relapsing into alcohol abuse for the fifth time in the past two years: for liver transplant 25-year-old IV drug abuser with HIV living below the poverty line who has not enrolled in deaddiction programs for the past three years despite physician advice: for ART Correct: 20-year-old pregnant teacher with HIV living below the poverty line: for ART

What are the most common causes of death by age?

A and B are correct A. The leading causes of death of children under 5 in low-income countries are communicable diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, and lower respiratory infections. None is correct B. The leading causes of death of children under 5 in higher-income countries include congenital defects, neonatal conditions, and lower respiratory infections. A and B are correct

The health systems of some high-income countries and middle-income countries A, B and C were focused more on different levels of care. Country A was focused more on primary care, country B was focused more on secondary care, and country C was focused more tertiary care. You have been appointed as a health systems researcher for country A to focus on the main level of care in this country. What will be your research focus?

A focus on specialized consultative care, usually upon referral from primary or secondary medical care personnel None of the above A focus on medical care provided by a specialist or facility upon referral by a primary care physician A focus on "gate-keepers" Correct: A focus on "gate-keepers"

What of those terms are correct? A: Demographic transition is the shift from a pattern of high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality, with population growth occurring in between. B: There has NOT been substantial progress in improving health and raising life expectancy in all parts of the world.

A. False, B. False A. False, B. True A. True, B. True A. True, B. False A. True, B. False

What do we need to understand to address the most important global health issue?

A. The disease burdens we are addressing C. To understand that being ill does not necessarily lead to death but to years of disability. All of them B. The risk factors for the corresponding disease burdens All of them

According to the textbook, which of the following is TRUE of universal health coverage (UHC)?

According to the textbook, three African countries that have moved in important ways towards UHC are Cape Verde, Angola and Zimbabwe. According to WHO, the aim of UHC reflects unfairness of access to health services. The WHO defines UHC as ensuring that all people can use the promotive preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of such services does not expose the user to financial hardships. The establishment of UHC does decrease access to health services. Correct Answer: The WHO defines UHC as ensuring that all people can use the promotive preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative health services they need, of sufficient quality to be effective, while also ensuring that the use of such services does not expose the user to financial hardships.

Addressing food insecurity issues is likely to require:

Action by the Ministry of Education Action by the Ministry of Agriculture Action by the Ministry of Health Action by several ministries and agencies, working in coordinated ways Correct: Action by several ministries and agencies, working in coordinated ways

According to the Burden of disease, mark the correct answer:

B: Mortality rates have increased for all age groups A: Globally, women live longer than men. C: The burden of disease is predominantly due to communicable diseases D: As life expectancy increases, mortality also increases A

Four public health students -Albert, Ben, Cynthia and Diana- were discussing basic ethical principles for distributing scarce health resources and other public health issues. Albert focused on equality, Ben focused on health maximization, Cynthia focused on priority to the youngest, and Diana focused on personal responsibility. Which pair of students had a focus that is NOT considered by the textbook as one of the basic ethical principles for distributing scarce health resources?

Ben and Diana Albert and Ben Alberta and Diana Albert and Cynthia Correct: Albert and Cynthia

Which of the following is central to avoiding neural tube defects in a newborn?

Calcium Vitamin A Folic Acid Vitamin D Correct: Folic Acid

Good nutrition is central to:

Child growth and development Good health of the child Child performance in school All of these are correct Correct: All of these are correct

Which of the following is the leading risk factor for the death of children under five?

Childhood underweight Vitamin A deficiency Iron deficiency Childhood overweight Correct: Childhood underweight

Which of the following fact about the health of young children is NOT true?

Children are a particularly vulnerable population The majority of child deaths can be avoided through prevention measures. Poverty and child health are not interconnected Childhood morbidity and mortality rates in some areas of the world still require significant attention and improvement Correct: Poverty and child health are not interconnected

The burden of the disease will continue to change based on its relation to the social determinants of health, demographic forces, population growth, etc. Mark the factors that will contribute to those changes.

Climate change Scientific and technological changes Economic development All of them All of them

Scientists suggest that climate change could affect health by:

Declines in food production in some places Increases in some places in vector-borne diseases The impact of increases in severe weather events All of these are correct Correct: All of these are correct

What is the most common mental health disorder among adolescents and young adults?

Depression Bipolar disorder Anxiety disorder Schizophrenia Correct: Anxiety disorder

The costs of non-communicable diseases are broadly _________

Direct costs of treatment Indirect costs from lost productivity A and B both None of the above Correct: A and B both

Which of the following is critical child health intervention?

Early and exclusive breastfeeding for six months All of the above Bed nets for malaria and regular drug administration for worms Kangaroo mother care Correct Answer: All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a social determinant of women's health?

Education Race/ethnicity Biological sex Income Correct: Biological sex

Which country has the highest prevalence of tobacco use among 13- to 15-year old males and females?

Egypt Indonesia Uganda Argentina Correct: Argentina

Which of the following is NOT a public health approach?

Ethical basis is mainly public service , Not Selected Emphasize disease prevention , Not Selected Emphasize health promotion , Not Selected Correct answer: Focus on the health of the individual

A basic ethical principle of the Belmont report is "Respect for Persons". According to the textbook, an application of this basic ethical principle in research is "Selection of Subjects*

False

According to WHO framework, social and financial risk protection is a health system building block.

False

The rate of deaths from injuries is substantially lower in low- and middle - income countries than in high-income countries.

False

Treating NCDs can be achieved at a low cost, whereas preventing them is expensive.

False

According to the textbook, which of the following is TRUE of the health system of Germany, Cost Rica, India or Ghana?

Germany is the second country after the UK to have universal health insurance. Ghana's "Cash and carry system" of user fees constrains the demand and use of services for the poor. The Costa Rican Social Security Administration (CCSS) finances health services but is not a provider of health services. RSBY is a new insurance scheme in India for those above the poverty line. Correct: Ghana's "Cash and carry system" of user fees constrains the demand and use of services for the poor.

Which is the Leading infectious cause of death globally in children under-5?.

HIVIAIDS Pneumonia Measles Malaria Correct: Pneumonia

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and economic well-being Not Selected Public Health is the science and art of preventing disease only Not Selected Public health interventions may not target the environment Not Selected Correct answer: Global health prioritizes improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

WASH refers to:

Hygiene Water, sanitation, and hygiene Water and Sanitation Handwashing Correct: Water, sanitation, and hygiene

What is one example of tertiary prevention?

Immunization Colonoscopy Physical therapy/diabetic foot check Health education Physical therapy/diabetic foot check

According to the textbook, which of the following is a reason why women's health must be given a prominent place in global health?

In many societies women are subjected to discrimination and very prescribed roles, both of which can be harmful to their health. Morbidity, disability and premature death of women can result in enormous socioeconomic consequences. All of the above Improving the education and health of women and their place in society is one of the powerful and cost-effective approaches for promoting socio-economic development. Correct Answer: All of the above

Nutritional gaps during the "window of opportunity" for development spans from conception to 2 years of age can cause:

Increased susceptibility to infections All of the above Hindered mental development Impaired growth Correct: All of the above

One of the following is NOT a biological determinant of women's health.

Increased susceptibility to some STIs Complications of pregnancy Iron deficiency anemia related to menstruation Health conditions, such as prostate cancer Correct: Health conditions, such as prostate cancer

Which of the following is not considered a communicable disease?

Malaria Tuberculosis Influenza Heart disease Correct: Heart disease

_____ is sickness or any departure, subjective or objective, from a psychological or physiological state of well-being

Mortality Incapacity Morbidity Disability Morbidity

________ promotion of hygiene, umbilical cord care, keeping the newborn warm, and exclusive breastfeeding can reduce neonatal mortality 10-40%.

None of the above Community-based Individual Action-based Correct: Community-based

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for the high prevalence of injuries in young children especially in low- and middle-income countries

None of the above Developmental immaturity Lack of adult supervision Poverty Correct: None of the above

Which of the following is an appropriate definition of disease elimination?

None of the above Terminating all cases of a disease and its transmission globally. Reducing the incidence and prevalence of a disease to an acceptable level. Reducing the incidence of a disease in a specific area to zero Correct: Reducing the incidence of a disease in a specific area to zero

A global health meeting was held to discuss the best strategy in the short to medium term to combat the acute shortage of doctors who can perform minor surgeries in a low-income country. One strategy that was suggested was to train nursing staff to perform minor surgeries. According to the textbook, this strategy is called:

Outsourcing Brain drain Task shifting Risk-pooling Correct: Task Shifting

Which of the following is closely linked with environmental risk factors?

Respiratory infections All of these are correct Diarrheal disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Correct: All of these are correct

Which one of these is among the leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults?

Road Accidents Cancel Suicide Cardiovascular disease Correct: Road Accidents

According to the textbook, which of the following is NOT a key topic of the Declaration of Helsinki?

Scientific commons Consent Placebos Risks and benefits Correct: Scientific Commons

Which of the following is a recommended way for adolescents and young adults to maintain good mental health?

Seeking help from a therapist or counselor Engaging in regular physical activity Practicing good sleep hygiene All of the above Correct Answer: All of the above

What is the leading cause of death and DALYs attributable to injuries?

Self harm Road injuries Falls Interpersonal violence Correct: Road Injuries

Risk factors for ischemic heart disease include

Sex, ethnicity Hypertension, tobacco use High cholesterol, lack of physical activity All of the above Correct: All of the above

Which of the following interventions has been found to be effective in reducing maternal mortality rates in low-income countries?

Skilled birth attendance Prenatal care All of the above Postpartum care Correct Answer: All of the above

Ambient particulate matter pollution is a major risk factor for:

Stroke COPD Heart Disease All of these are correct Correct: All of these are correct

Which of the following addresses the burden of non-communicable disease?

The Framework Conventi&n on Tobacco (2003) UN Noncommunicable Diseases Meeting in 2011 with participating countries The World Health Assembly's approval of a global action plan for universal eye health All of the above Correct: All of the above

Which statement about the Tuskegee study is false?

The Public Health Service did not allow the participants to receive effective treatment even when penicillin became widely available after World War II. The study was originally planned for six months. The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was created before the Tuskegee study hearings. The participants were not treated, although they had been told they were treated for "bad blood." Correct: The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was created before the Tuskegee study hearings.

Which of the following statements is true?

The burden of disease is evolving only due to the aging of populations , Not Selected Correct answer: Countries do not need to be high-income to enjoy good health status Communities do not have the ability to enhance their own health status , Not Selected Health status is determined by one factor , Not Selected

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can lead to the development of drug resistance, according to the textbook?

The increasing use of drugs Too much use of antibiotics in agriculture, cattle and fish farming Failure of patients to take appropriate doses of medicines Good prescribing and dispensing practices Correct: Good prescribing and dispensing practices

The actions listed below are all examples of public health activities EXCEPT:

The regulation of food labeling , Not Selected The promotion of handwashing , Not Selected Correct answer: Diabetes diagnosis by a doctor Taxation of tobacco , Not Selected

Which of the following is NOT a challenge to the control of malaria, tuberculosis, or neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), according to the textbook?

There is a need to develop special mosquitoes that cannot transmit TB. None of the above There is a need to develop new drugs to combat the NTDs more effectively. There are substantial gaps in diagnosis and treatment of malaria Correct: There is a need to develop special mosquitoes that cannot transmit TB.

A cost-effective way to reduce malaria prevalence is use of insecticide-treated bed nets.

True

About three times as many men die in road traffic accidents as women.

True

Apart from physical consequences, unintentional injuries also cause psychosocial consequences.

True

As countries continue to develop economically, the burden of NCDs is expected to rise.

True

Most progress has been achieved in overcoming the health challenges of children 1 to 5-year-olds; less progress in reducing neonatal death rates.

True

The risk of indoor cooking with biofuels and poor ventilation can be reduced through cooking with more efficient stoves.

True

Vital registration systems do not record causes of death.

True False False

The WHO defines safe abortion as those abortions that are performed "by trained healthcare providers, with proper equipment, correct technique, and sanitary standards.

True False Correct: True

In order to tackle global health issues, it's important to understand the historical trends in health status

True False True

Which of the following is determinants of health?

Work environment Alcohol use Community policies All of the above All of the above

Noncommunicable diseases are key issues in global health.

true