Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Questions

ATP is synthesized from ADP in the electron transport chain. Given that molecules cannot go from a lower energy to a higher energy on their own without an external input of energy, how does the energy for this reaction enter the system?

Energy enters the system when NADH and FADH2 carry their high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain where their energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane into the inter-membrane space, causing a buildup of charge difference, that helps power the ATP synthase.

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?

a mixture of blue and red light

When glycolysis occurs.

a molecule of glucose is split

The process of cellular respiration

breaks down food molecules to release stored energy

Chlorophyll is green because

it reflects green wavelength of light

During the first stage of photosynthesis ___ is absorbed by chlorophyll.

light energy

Which of the following environmental factors does not affect the rate of photosynthesis?

light intensity

Where does cell respiration take place?

mitochondria

Marathon runners have a much higher percentage of "slow twitch" fibers in their muscles, which make it possible for them to run long distances at a steady pace. On the other hand, sprinters' muscles are composed mostly of "fast twitch" fibers, which allow for intense bursts of exertion. Therefore, marathon runners have more __ in their muscles to allow for greater __ production in long endurance runs.

mitochondria, ATP

The process of combustion, or burning, is similar to the chemical processes that release energy in cells. Wood burns at a very high temperature, about 600 degrees Celsius. Which two statements explain how the human body is able to obtain energy without becoming too hot?

-Low-temperature breakdown of glucose is prevented by enzymes that catalyze specific reactions. -The breakdown of glucose occurs in many small steps.

The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite of each other. Select two statements that describe the two processes.

-Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces oxygen -Cellular respiration uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces carbon dioxide as a by-product

What wavelength of light in the figure is most effective in driving photosynthesis?

420 mm

Which of the following directly provides the energy needed for cell functions?

A phosphate group is removed from ATP

Which of these is not an electron carrier?

ATP

Products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the dark reaction are

ATP and NADPH

Jose and Rema are making sourdough bread. They have been feeding the starter dough for a week now, and it has undergone fermentation. They mix the dough and add a portion of the starter, which will give the bread its famous texture and sour flavor. What process will occur next to make the dough rise?

Alcoholic fermentation takes place and ethyl alcohol and CO2 gas are formed, creating pockets in the dough.

Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration? a. glycolysis b. Calvin Cycle c. Krebs cycle d. electron transport

Calvin Cycle

What is the main role of carbon dioxide during the process of photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide is used to assemble sugars, the main product of photosynthesis.

Heterotrophs get energy from food through what process?

Cellular respiration

The molecules in the food we eat contain chemical energy stored in chemical bonds. Which statement explains how this energy is released?

Chemical bonds in food molecules are broken, releasing energy and allowing cells to use the energy to make ATP.

???Yasmine is asked to describe the structural organization of chloroplasts. She writes the following sentence "A chloroplast contains grana which contain stacks called stroma, that are surrounded by fluid-filled thylakoid." Which change to the sentence is necessary to make the sentence accurate.

Exchange the positions of "stroma" and "thylakoid"

If there is no oxygen present, what step follows glycolysis?

Fermentation

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. During glycolysis, glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvic acid. How is glycolysis kept functioning during cellular respiration?

Many molecules of ATP from the cell are invested at the beginning of the process of glycolysis.

Mariana eats an orange. Which statement describes the ultimate source of the energy that her body receives when she digests the orange.

The light energy that originates from the sun provides the energy for plant to grow using carbon dioxide to make glucose which is broken down by cellular respiration.

What are the two different types of fermentation?

alcoholic and lactic acid

Natasha is making a model of cellular respiration. Her model shows the pathway followed when there is enough oxygen available. What does Natasha's model show?

an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain

A process that does not require oxygen in order to continue is

anaerobic

Which of the following organisms do not carry out photosynthesis?

animals

Organisms that undergo photosynthesis are

autotrophs

Why do root cells of plants lack chloroplast?

because they are underground and don't use them

During the final stage of photosynthesis, sugars are produced from

carbon dioxide

Fermentation is a chemical reaction that takes place in the

cytoplasm

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP?

electron transport chain

If oxygen is absent during the second stage of cellular respiration,

fermentation will occur

What is the main purpose of stomata in a plant leaf?

gas exchange with the atmosphere

The products of photosynthesis that begin cellular respiration are

glucose and oxygen

Plants photosynthesize _____.

only in the light but respire in light and dark

Most cells produce ATP most efficiently in the presence of

oxygen

The electron transport chain provides energy for which process?

pumping hydrogen across a membrane

When cells break down food molecules, energy is

stored temporarily in ATP molecules

The space inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast is called the

stroma

What are in the inputs for photosynthesis?

sunlight, water, carbon dioxide

In cellular respiration, in which portion of the pathway is carbon dioxide released?

the Krebs Cycle

A student is asked to explain the locations of the stages of cellular respiration. What location should she give for the site of the Krebs cycles reactions?

the matrix of the mitochondria

The relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is usually described as a biochemical pathway because

the reactants of one are the products of the other

In the test tubes which contained both snails and Elodea under no light,

the water changed to yellow because the snails and Elodea underwent cellular respiration

In the carbon transfer experiment, what was the result of the test tube that contained only Elodea in the dark? Blue (no Carbon dioxide), Green (Carbon dioxide), Yellow (lots Carbon dioxide)

the water changed yellow because the Elodea performed cellular respiration

The disc-shaped sacs in chloroplasts in which photosynthesis takes place

thylakoid

What is the source that produces oxygen during photosynthesis?

water