Physical Behavior of Matter 3
A gas occupies a volume of 500. mL at a pressure of 380. torr and a temperature at 298 K. at what temperature will the gas occupy a volume of 250. mL and have a pressure of 760. torr? 1) 149 K 2) 298 K 3) 447 K 4) 596 K
2) 298 K
A liquid's freezing point is -38°C and its boiling point is 357°C. How many Kelvins are there between the boiling point and the freezing point of the liquid? 1) 319 2) 395 3) 592 4) 668
2) 395
A liquid is poured from a volumetric flask into a beaker. Which of the following is true? 1) It retains its original volume and shape. 2) It retains its original volume, but its shape changes. 3) It retains its original shape, but its volume changes. 4) Both the volume and shape change.
2) It retains its original volume, but its shape changes.
The table below shows the changes in the volume of a gas as the pressure changes at constant temperature. Pressure (atm) Volume (mL) 0.5 1000 1.0 500 2.0 250 Which equation best expresses the relationship between pressure and volume for the gas? 1) P/V = 500 atm⋅mL 2) PV = 500 atm⋅mL 3) V/P = 500 atm⋅mL 4) PV = 1/500 atm⋅mL
2) PV = 500 atm⋅mL
The heat required to change 1 gram of a solid at its normal melting point to a liquid at the same temperature is called the heat of 1) vaporization 2) fusion 3) reaction 4) formation
2) fusion
When a substance melts, it undergoes a process known as 1) condensation 2) fusion 3) sublimation 4) vaporization
2) fusion
When steam condenses to water, the surrounding temperature 1) decreases 2) increases 3) remains the same
2) increases
As temperature of gas is increased from 0°C to 10°C at constant pressure the volume of the gas 1) increases by 1/273 2) increases by 10/273 3) decreases by 1/273 4) decreases by 10/273
2) increases by 10/273
A rigid cylinder with a movable piston contains a sample of gas. At 300. K, this sample has a pressure of 240. kPa and a volume of 70.0 mL. What is the volume of this sample when the temperature is changed to 150. K and the pressure is changed to 160. kPa? 1) 70.0 mL 2) 105 mL 3) 35.0 mL 4) 52.5 mL
4) 52.5 mL
Sample of gas has volume of 12 liters at 0°C and 380 torr. what will be its volume when the pressure is changed to 760 torr at constant temperature 1) 24 L 2) 18 L 3) 12 L 4) 6.0 L
4) 6.0 L
atomic radius
size of an atom
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Carbon
solid
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Cesium
solid
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Iron
solid
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Sodium
solid
periodic law
states that elements are arranged on the periodic table according to their atomic numbers and chemical properties
ionization energy
the amount of energy needed to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral gaseous atom
Which energy transfer occurs when ice cubes are placed in water that has a temperature of 45°C? 1) Chemical energy is transferred from the ice to the water. 2) Chemical energy is transferred from the water to the ice. 3) Thermal energy is transferred from the ice to the water. 4) Thermal energy is transferred from the water to the ice.
4) Thermal energy is transferred from the water to the ice.
Which of the following is a unit of heat energy? 1) torr 2) degree 3) gram 4) joule
4) joule
Which set of properties does a substance such as CO₂(g) have? 1) definite shape and definite volume 2) definite shape but no definite volume 3) no definite shape but definite volume 4) no definite shape and no definite volume
4) no definite shape and no definite volume
Which grouping of the three phases of bromine is listed in order from left to right for increasing distance between bromine molecules? 1) gas, liquid, solid 2) liquid, solid, gas 3) solid, gas, liquid 4) solid, liquid, gas
4) solid, liquid, gas
A student heats a 15.0 gram metallic sphere of unknown composition to a temperature of 98°C. The sphere is transferred to a calorimeter containing 100. mL of water at a temperature of 25.0°C. The student observes that the resulting temperature of both the water and the object is 27.1°C after the object is submerged. Calculate the amount of heat energy gained by the water in the calorimeter.
878 Joules
physical properties
A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance
period
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
gases on the periodic table are
Cl, F, N, H, O and all of the noble gases (group 18)
Allotrope
One of two or more different forms of an element in the same phase
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Chlorine
gas
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Fluorine
gas
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Hydrogen
gas
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Neon
gas
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Nitrogen
gas
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Xenon
gas
metallic character
how readily an atom can lose an electron
Which graph shows the relationship between Kelvin temperature and average kinetic energy
Slanted line going up /
Which graph best shows the change in the volume of 1 mole of nitrogen as pressure increases and temperature remains constant?
Starts high at volume and ends low at far pressure
properties of metalloids
* Have properties of both metals and nonmetals * All are touching the staircase except Al and Po
Properties of metals
* To the left of staircase (not next to), make up 2/3 of the entire periodic table * Low ionization energy * low electronegativity * good conductors of heat and elecricity * malleable * ductile * high melting and boiling points, this is why all metals are solids at room temperature except Mercury (Hg), which is a liquid * Have luster
A student heats a 15.0 gram metallic sphere of unknown composition to a temperature of 98°C. The sphere is transferred to a calorimeter containing 100. mL of water at a temperature of 25.0°C. The student observes that the resulting temperature of both the water and the object is 27.1°C after the object is submerged. Using the quantity of heat calculated in the previous question, determine the specific heat of the object.
0.83 J/g°C
What volume will a 300.0 mL sample of a gas at STP occupy when the pressure is doubled at constant temperature? 1) 150.0 mL 2) 600.0 mL 3) 2000. mL 4) 4000. mL
1) 150.0 mL P₁V₁=P₂V₂⇒V₂=P₁/P₂⋅V₁ V₂=P₁/2⋅P₁⋅V₁=1/2⋅V₁ V₂=12⋅300.0 mL=150.0 mL
Which Celsius temperature to 323 K? 1) 50°C 2) 212°C 3) 273°C 4) 596°C
1) 50°C
A sealed, rigid 1.0-liter cylinder contains He gas at STP. An identical sealed cylinder contains Ne gas at STP. These two cylinders contain the same number of 1) atoms 2) electrons 3) ions 4) protons
1) atoms
At constant pressure, how does the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas vary? 1) directly with the Kelvin temperature 2) indirectly with the Kelvin temperature 3) directly with the mass of the gas 4) indirectly with the mass of the gas
1) directly with the Kelvin temperature
When a sample of a gas is heated in a sealed, rigid container from 200. K to 400 K, the pressure exerted by the gas is? 1) increased by a factor of 2 2) decreased by a factor of 2 3) increased by a factor of 20 4) decreased by a factor of 20
1) increased by a factor of 2
As the temperature of a substance rises, the average kinetic energy of the particles making up the substance 1) increases 2) decreases 3) remains the same
1) increases
Which changes in pressure and temperature occur as a given mass of gas at 0.5 atm and 546 K is changed to STP? 1) the pressure is doubled and the temperature is halved. 2) the pressure is doubled and the temperature is doubled. 3) the pressure is halved and the temperature is halved. 4) the pressure is halved and the temperature is double.
1) the pressure is doubled and the temperature is halved.
A gas at STP has volume of 1.0 liter. if the pressure is doubled and the temperature remains constant the new volume of the gas will be 1) 0.25 L 2) 2.0 L 3) 0.5 L 4) 4.0 L
3) 0.5 L
The volume of a sample of a gas at 273°C is 200.0 L. If the volume is decreased to 100.0 L at constant pressure, what will be the new temperature of the gas? 1) 0 K 2) 100 K 3) 273 K 4) 546 K
3) 273 K The equation is P₁V₁/T₁= P₂V₂/T₂ V₁=200.0 L T₁=273°C+273=546 K V₂=100.0 L T₂=? Solution: Rearrange the equation to isolate T₂ and solve. T₂=V₂T₁/V₁ T₂=100.0L×546K/200L= T₂=273 K
A gas has a volume of 1000 mL at a temperature of 20 K and pressure of 760 mm Hg. what will be new volume when temperature is changed to 40.0 K and the pressure is changed to 380 mm Hg? 1) 250 mL 2) 1000 mL 3) 4000 mL 4) 5600 mL
3) 4000 mL
A 2.5 liter sample of gas is at STP. when the temp is raised to 273°C and the pressure remains constant the new volume will be 1) 1.25 L 2) 2.5 L 3) 5.0 L 4) 10.0 L
3) 5.0 L
Which sample of CO₂ has a definite shape and a definite volume? 1) CO₂(aq) 2) CO₂(l) 3) CO₂(s) 4) CO₂(g)
3) CO₂(s)
At constant temperature, the relationship between volume (V) of a gas and its pressure (P) is 1) V = (constant)P 2) P = (constant)V 3) PV = constant 4) V/P = contant
3) PV = constant
Which statement best describes the molecules of H₂O in the solid phase? 1) They move slowly in straight lines 2) They move rapidly in straight lines 3) They are arranged in a regular geometric pattern 4) They are arranged in a random pattern
3) They are arranged in a regular geometric pattern
Under which conditions will the volume of a given sample of a gas always decrease? 1) decreased pressure and decreased temperature 2) decreased pressure and increased temperature 3) increased pressure and decreased temperature 4) increased pressure and increased temperature
3) increased pressure and decreased temperature
A cylinder with a tightly fitted piston is shown in the diagram below. As the piston moves downward, the number of molecules of air in the cylinder 1) decreases 2) increases 3) remains the same
3) remains the same
A mixture of sand and table salt can be separated by filtration because the substances in the mixture differ in 1) boiling point 2) density at STP 3) solubility in water 4) freezing point
3) solubility in water
Monatomic molecule
A molecule consisting of only one atom
diatomic molecule
A molecule consisting of two atoms
liquid
A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.
Gas
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
only two liquids on periodic table are
Br & Hg
Which substance takes the shape and fills the volume of any container into which it is placed?
CO₂
chemical properties
Characteristics of a substance that determine how it will react with other substances.
A rigid cylinder with a movable piston contains 50.o liters of gas at 30.0°C with a pressure of 1.00 atmosphere. What is the volume of the gas in the cylinder at STP? 1) 5.49 L 2) 55.5 L 3) 45.0 L 4) 455 L
Charles law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure of a fixed amount of gas. the pressure under the given conditions is 1.00 atm and the pressure standard conditions STP is also 1.00 atm thus the pressure is kept constant. V1/T1 = V2/T2the parameters for the first instance in the left-hand side and the parameters for STP are in the right-hand side of the equation. T1 - the temperature in kelvin - 273 + 30.0 °C = 303 K T2 - standard temperature (273 K V1 - volume - 50.0 L substituting the values in the equation 50.0 L / 303 K = V / 273 K V = 45.0 L answer is 3) 45.0 L
Solid
Definite shape and volume
Brittle
Easily broken; not flexible
A student heats a 15.0 gram metallic sphere of unknown composition to a temperature of 98°C. The sphere is transferred to a calorimeter containing 100. mL of water at a temperature of 25.0°C. The student observes that the resulting temperature of both the water and the object is 27.1°C after the object is submerged. Describe, in terms of the object and the water, the flow of heat energy that took place during the experiment.
Heat was transferred from the object to the water.
properties of nonmetals
High ionization energies. High electronegativities. Poor thermal conductors. Poor electrical conductors. Brittle solids - not malleable or ductile. Little or no metallic luster. Gain electrons easily. Dull, not metallic-shiny, although they may be colorful.
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Bromine
Liquid
Luster
The way a mineral reflects light from its surface - shiny
Electronegativity
a measure of the attraction of a nucleus for a bonded electron
Group
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
Malleable
capable of being shaped
Ductile
capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
Using reference table S identify the phase of matter that each of the following elements are in, knowing that the elements on the periodic table are at a temperature of 298K: Mercury
liquid
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
Chromatagraphy
the physical process of separating mixtures. (ex: separating colors of an ink)
Filtration
the physical separation of solid particles from a liquid using a filter that has pores, which are smaller in size than the solid particles. Therefore the solid particles will not pass through the filter and everything else will.
Distillation
the physical separation of the mixture two liquids based on the difference in boiling.
Vapor Pressure
the pressure that is exerted, at a given temperature, by the vapor of a solid or a liquid. as temperature increases vapor pressure increases until they are equal; the substance will then boil. water at normal pressure (1atm) boils at 100C but if you decrease the air pressure the vapor pressure remains the same and water will boil at a lower temperature.
