Physical Science 26 and 27

Surface ocean currents ___. CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. -are driven by winds -are influenced by Coriolis effect -form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins -transfer large amounts of heat from the high latitudes toward the equator

-are driven by winds -are influenced by Coriolis effect -form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins

Consider a house at sea level that has 2270 square feet of floor area. What is the total force that the air inside the house exerts upward on the ceiling? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

4.8 x 10 ^6 lb

How many wind and pressure systems are contained within Earth's atmosphere?

7

What will happen if a parcel of air is colder than surrounding air?

A colder parcel of air will rise in the atmosphere if forced.

What produces wind? The same thing that causes wind makes air rush out of a balloon.

A pressure gradient in the air.

What will happen to a parcel of air as it rises?

A rising parcel of air will expand and cool.

Why are anticyclones not generally associated with clouds and rain?

Air in anticyclones undergoes warming as the air descends.

Why are cyclones generally associated with clouds and rain?

Air in cyclones undergoes cooling as it rises.

Which would have a higher temperature, an unsaturated parcel of air at Earth's surface or a saturated parcel of air 4000 feet above Earth's surface?

An unsaturated parcel of air at Earth's surface would be warmer because the drop in temperature due to elevation is greater than any temperature difference due to saturation.

When population growth slows as a population reaches the habitat's carrying capacity, the population has grown.......This type of growth is typically seen in.......

Answer 1: logistically Answer 2: stable habitats

What are jet streams? Bands of low-speed wind found at elevations of 9-15 km Bands of high-speed wind found at elevations of 5-9 km Bands of high-speed wind found at elevations of 9-15km Bands of low-speed wind found at elevations of 5-9 km

Bands of high-speed wind found at elevations of 9-15 km

Why does the mesosphere have a low temperature?

Because it absorbs little solar radiation.

Why does air spiral parallel to Earth's surface during initial stages of tornado formation?

Because of friction, surface winds move more slowly than winds higher in the air column.

Why does the stratosphere have a high temperature?

Because of the ozone it contains; ozone is a good absorber of solar radiation.

How do clouds form?

Clouds form by the condensation of water vapor.

Why does wind between the equator and 30 degrees south come out of the southeast?

Cooled air moves north toward the equator and is deflected toward the west by the Coriolis effect.

How are elastic rebound and elastic deformation different?

Elastic deformation causes objects to bend, whereas rebound causes objects to return to their original shape.

Why does air tend to rise in equatorial regions?

Equatorial regions receive more direct sunlight than other areas.

You hear of "low-pressure systems" on TV weather reports. What are two other names for a low-pressure system? Check the two options that apply. What kind of weather are low-pressure systems associated with?

First: Lows and Cyclones Second: Stormy Weather

Suppose the air holds 68% of the water that it can hold at a given temperature before it becomes saturated.

The relative humidity would be 68%

What is occlusion in a midlatitude cyclone?

Occlusion is the process by which a cold front overtakes a warm front.

What two types of molecules make up more than 99% of the atmosphere? Check the two options that apply.

Oxygen and Nitrogen

Two parcels of air, one dry and one wet, sit at the same temperature at sea level. What will the temperature difference between the two bodies of air be after they rise to an elevation of 2000 feet?

The dry parcel of air will be 8 degrees colder than the wet parcel of air.

What will happen to a straight fence that undergoes elastic strain during an earthquake?

The fence will bend in the direction of stress.

How are cold and warm fronts different?

The type of front is determined by which air mass is moving.

Warm ocean currents ___.

are warmer than the surrounding water

Where are the two main hemispheric jet streams located?

between 50 and 60 degrees latitude and at about 30 degrees latitude

Do surface currents affect water temperature, air temperature, or both?

both water and air temperature

Which of the following properties most clearly reflects the internal arrangement of atoms in a crystalline material?

cleavage

Which process can add heat to a rising body of air?

condensation

What is the scientific name for the dark, tall, puffy clouds that indicate a thunderstorm is coming?

cumulonimbus clouds.

Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?

down, and in a clockwise direction

Which way does air move in an anticyclone in the Southern Hemisphere?

down, and in a counterclockwise direction

Equatorial currents that are part of the subtropical gyres flow ___. Equatorial counter currents between the gyres flow ___ .

east to west; west to east

You are hiking in a delta environment. The sediment that you see under your feet is

fine-grained.

Earth's magnetic field is attributed to the

flow of molten fluid in Earth's outer core.

What is liquefaction?

fluid behavior of water-filled sediment during shaking

What are Rossby waves?

major undulations in the path of a jet stream

What are midlatitude cyclones?

migrating low-pressure cells that move in the band of the westerlies

The subtropical gyres ___.

play a large role in climate

You are hopping on boulders beside a quiet stream that runs through a V-shaped valley. How did the boulders get there? The boulders were likely

produced when chemical weathering broke up the rock along the sides of the valley.

Deep ocean currents ___.

result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content)

What causes the development of most clouds and precipitation in the atmosphere?

rising air

Give an example of a local wind pattern. Check the two options that apply.

sea breeze land breeze

Which sediment below would have the highest cohesive strength during an earthquake?

sediment with many contact points between grains and air in pore spaces

The summer solstice? Check the two options that apply.

the first day of summer the longest day of the year

What is the winter solstice? Check the two options that apply.

the first day of winter the shortest day of the year

The Mohorovicic discontinuity exists because

the rock at this depth transitions from lower density to higher density.

A diagram of the flow of energy through an ecosystem resembles a pyramid. This explains why

there is more grass than zebras, and more zebras than lions, on the African savanna.

How can the jet stream return to normal zonal flow after Rossby waves build?

through separation of a block of cold air from the jet stream

What other natural hazards are associated with tornado formation?

thunderstorms

Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the South Pole toward the equator? to the right toward the equator to the left toward the South Pole

to the left

Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the east coast of South Africa to the west coast of South Africa? to the south to the north to the west to the east

to the north

Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the west coast of South Africa to the east coast of South Africa? to the east to the south to the west to the north

to the north

Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the North Pole toward the equator? to the right to the left toward the equator toward the North Pole

to the right

How would an object in Earth's atmosphere be deflected as a result of Earth's rotation?

to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the East Coast of the United States to the West Coast of the United States? to the west to the north to the east to the south

to the south

Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the east coast of South Africa to the west coast of South Africa? to the south to the east to the west to the north

to the south

Which way would an airplane deflect if flying from the North Pole toward the equator? to the north to the south to the west to the east

to the west

Name the four layers of the atmosphere Check the four options that apply.

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

In which direction do jet streams generally travel?

west to east

In general, when will clouds begin to form out of a parcel of air?

when a rising parcel of air has reached a temperature below its dew point

When do midlatitude cyclones stop producing storms?

when the cold front has completely taken over the warm front

Earth's surface receives more solar radiation near the equator than at the poles. This uneven heating of Earth's surface produces

winds.

The temperature to which air must be cooled for saturation to occur is called

its dew point.

Give an example of a global wind pattern. Check the four options that apply.

jet stream easterlies westerlies trade winds

Rank clouds classified as alto, cirro, and stratus according to their altitude, from highest to lowest. Rank from highest to lowest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Highest -Cirro -Alto -Stratus Lowest

What are the six elements of weather? Check the six options that apply.

Humidity, Temperature, Cloudiness, Wind, Atomsheric Pressure and Precipation.

What are the equinoxes?

March 21st and September 21st the days when night and day are of equal length

How are mesocyclones and tornadoes related?

Mesocyclones can turn into funnel clouds. A funnel cloud that touches the ground is called a tornado.

Suppose it's July 1. Rank the following locations in terms of the solar intensity they receive, from most to least: northern Africa, northern Canada, New York. Rank from most to least. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Most -Africa -New York -Northern Canada Least

Rank the layers of the atmosphere in terms of density, from most dense to least dense. Rank from most to least. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Most Dense -Troposphere -Stratoshpere -Mesosphere -Themosphere Least Dense

A car is parked in a snow storm. The temperature is −2∘F;; with wind chill, it is−25∘F. Will the car's radiator drop below 2∘F?

No

How are rain patterns different near warm and cold fronts?

Rain near a cold front occurs over a smaller spatial area and is more intense than near a warm front.

Where does rain occur in a cold front?

Rain occurs along and behind a cold front.

Where does rain occur in a warm front?

Rain occurs along and in front of a warm front.

Why does rain occur near a cold front?

Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Why does rain occur near a warm front?

Rising warm air cools, resulting in cloud formation and rain.

Which of the following statements about movement in midlatitude cyclones are accurate? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. The warm and cold fronts advance faster than the center of the storm. The cold front advances faster than the center of the storm, and the warm front advances more slowly than the center. The warm front advances faster than the center of the storm, and the cold front advances more slowly than the center. Surface winds move counterclockwise. The entire cyclone moves from west to east.

Surface winds move counterclockwise. The entire cyclone moves from west to east. The cold front advances faster than the center of the storm, and the warm front advances more slowly than the center.

Is the Coriolis effect a true force?

The Coriolis Effect is called an apparent force because it is an illusion created by an observer being in a different reference frame (that of the rotating Earth) than the moving air molecules (space). No, the Coriolis effect is an apparent force.

What is the air that sinks at latitudes of 30 degrees north and south like?

This air is cool and dry.

What can cause the horizontally rotating air spiral to become the vertical spiral of a tornado?

Updrafts associated with thunderstorm clouds can tilt the horizontal column of spinning air.

What happens when air masses of different temperatures meet?

Well-defined boundaries form between the air masses.

In which direction would winds move at the poles if Earth rotated in the opposite direction?

Wind near the north pole would move to the northeast, and the wind near the south pole would move to the southeast.

What is an anticylone?

a center of high atmospheric pressure

What is a cyclone?

a center of low atmospheric pressure

Groundwater is a nonrenewable resource because

it takes thousands of years to recharge aquifers.

Cool ocean currents ___.

generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator

Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere?

in a clockwise direction

Which way does air converge on a cyclone in the Northern Hemisphere?

in a counterclockwise direction

How does air move near the top of a cyclone?

in the same direction as air in the upper atmosphere

Because sedimentary rocks are formed at Earth's surface, they provide clues about past geologic events and settings. A low energy, quiet environment such as a lagoon or lake bed provide the perfect setting for the formation of

shale and evaporites.

Which of the following describes the type of deformation experienced by rocks before an earthquake?

slow deformation

Which way would wind travel in the region between 30 and 60 degrees latitude if Earth stopped rotating?

south in the Southern Hemisphere and north in the Northern Hemisphere

Elastic deformation before an earthquake is like _______, whereas rupture is like__________

stretching a rubber band; breaking a rubber band

Mountain ranges that are made up of many folded mountains are usually produced by

tectonic compression.

Which factor is most important for determining the density of a parcel of air?

temperature

What term is used to describe the effect on air movement produced by Earth's rotation?

the Coriolis effect

What is a front?

the boundary between two air masses of different temperatures

What is the Coriolis effect?

the deflection of objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere