physical science ch.12

an alkane with four carbon atoms would have how many hydrogen atoms in each molecule

10

What is the proof of a "wine cooler" what is 5 percent alcohol by volume?

10 proof

the label on a container states that the product contains "petroleum distillates." Which of the following hydrocarbons is probably present? CH4, C5H12, C16H34, C40H82

C5H12

a bottle of wine that has 'gone bad' contains

CH3COOH

what is the general formula for alkenes?

CnH2n

what is the general formula for an alkyne?

CnH2n-2

the OH in ROH represents

a functional group

the R in ROH represents

a hydrocarbon group with a name ending in -yl

the oxidation of ethanol, C2H5OH, produces

acetic acid

The reaction C2H2 + Br2 -> C2H2Br2 is a

addition reaction

a hydroxyl, -OH, functional group is found in

alcohols

all of the following are hydrocarbon groups except: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkalines

alkalines

which of the following would not occur as an unsaturated hydrocarbon? alkane, alkene or alkyne?

alkane

hydrocarbons with double bonds are the

alkenes

Acetylene is fuel used in welding and an important to reactant in the synthesis of plastics. Acetylene is an

alkyne

a hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon triple bond is an

alkyne

a protein is a polymer formed from the linking of many

amino acid molecules

organic molecules with acid and amino functional groups

amino acids

fractional distillation separates different fractions by differences in their

boiling point

a straight chain with four carbons is called

butane

sugars, starches and cellulose belong to which class of organic compounds?

carbohydrates

there are millions of organic compounds but only thousands inorganic compounds because

carbon atoms can combine with up to four other atoms including other carbon atoms

a polysaccharide that is abundant in plants, forming the fibers in cell walls that preserve the structure of plant materials

cellulose

which of the following is not converted to blood sugar by the human body?

cellulose

an organic compound is a compound that

contains carbon, whether it was formed by a living thing or not

carbon to carbon bonds are

covalent

the process where large hydrocarbons are converted into smaller ones is called

cracking

isomers have

different physical and chemical properties

two monosaccharides joined together

disaccharides

many synthetic polymers become a problem in the environment because they

do not readily decompose and tend to accumulate

chemical reactions usually take place on an organic compound at the site of a

double bond, lone pair of electrons, or functional group

which of the following terms does not describe an alkane? Paraffin, single bonds, double bonds or straight chain

double bonds

fats from animals and oils from plants have the general structure of an

ester

what are the organic compounds that are used in perfumes and for artificial flavors?

esters

the group -C2H5 is called

ethyl

the atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that is the site of a chemical reaction

functional group

the atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule that is the site of a chemical reaction is called the

functional group

hydrocarbons that have one to four carbon atoms are

gases

an alcohol with two hydroxyl groups per molecule is called an

glycol

an organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen is called a

hydrocarbon

formed when one or more hydrogen atoms on a hydrocarbon have been replaced by some element or group of elements other than hydrogen

hydrocarbon derivatives

liquid oils from plants can be converted to solids by adding what to the molecules?

hydrogen

Compounds with the same molecular formulas but with different structures are called

isomers

the organic acid that is found in sour milk, pickles, and in your muscles as a product of carbohydrate metabolism is

lactic acid

a very large molecule that is a combination of many smaller, similar molecules joined together in a chainlike structure

macromolecule

isomers are compounds with the same

molecular formula with different structures

simple sugars, the smallest units that have the characteristics of carbohydrates and can be combined to make larger complex carbohydrates

monosaccharides

you know for sure that the compound named decane has

more than 10 isomers, 10 carbon atoms in each molecule and only single bonds

a petroleum product that is composed of hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbone atoms per molecule is

motor oil

the organic compound trimethylpentane is an isomer of

octane

the rate of combustion of gasoline is quantified by

octane number

a mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes and some aromatic hydrocarbons

petroleum

petroleum is believed to have formed mostly from the anaerobic decomposition of buried

plankton and algae

ethylene molecules can add to one another in a reaction to form a long chain called a

polymer

polymers consisting of monosaccharide units joined together in straight or branched chains

polysaccharides

aromatic hydrocarbons are often used as

solvents

a group of complex carbohydrates composed of many glucose units that plants use as a stored food source

starches

the basic difference between a monomer of polyethlene and a monomer of polyvinyl chloride is

the replacement of hydrogen by a chlorine

An organic molecule that does not contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms is called

unsaturated