Physical Science Chapter 4, 5, 6, 7 Review
The energy the world uses in a year is comparable with the energy that arrives from the sun every
Hour
Which of the following is not a basic physical law or phenomenon but applies only to certain materials?
Ohm's Law
Superconductivity occurs in certain substances
Only at very low temperatures
The volt is the unit of electric
Potential difference
Which of these statements is not true for oil from tar sands?
Producing oil from tar sands involves the emission of less carbon dioxide than extracting crude oil does.
Light of which of the following colors has the lowest frequency?
Red
A barometer measures
atmospheric pressure
When a magnetized iron bar is strongly heated, its magnetic field
becomes weaker
At different places on the earth's surface, the earth's magnetic field
may be different in both magnitude and direction
The current with which a transformer is used
must be ac
A positive electric charge
repels other positive charges.
Sublimation refers to
the vaporization of a solid without first becoming a liquid.
An optimistic projection for 2050 suggests that 9 billion might then be the population of
the world
A solid conductor is one
whose electrons are free to move about.
The current in a 20-ohm electric heater operated at 240 V is
12 A
The proportion of world energy supplied by sources other than fossil fuels is about
15%
A 2-kg brick has the dimensions 7.5 cm × 15 cm × 30 cm. The pressure the brick exerts when standing on its smallest face is
178Pa
What is the resistance in a 60-W, 12-V light bulb?
2.4ohms
The speed of light in a transparent plastic whose index of refraction is 1.5 is
2x10^8 m/s
If a heat engine that exhausts heat at 400 K is to have an efficiency of 33%, it must take in heat at a minimum of
600K
The greater the amplitude of a wave, the greater its
Energy
Methane is the chief constituent of
Natural Gas
Buoyancy occurs because, as the depth in a fluid increases, the fluid's
Pressure Increases
Which of the following formulas relating temperatures on the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales is correct?
Tc = (5/9)(TF - 32°)
The world's largest importer of oil is
The United States
Direct electric current cannot be used to operate
Transformers
The image formed by a diverging lens of a real object is always which one or more of the following?
Virtual
The world's fastest-growing source of clean energy is
Wind
The property of a sound wave that governs its loudness is its
amplitude
Light of which of the following colors has the shortest wavelength?
blue
In order to operate, a heat engine must have
both a hot and a cold reservoir.
In an isolated system, entropy
cannot decrease
Of the following, the highest index of refraction is found in
diamond
The entropy of a system is a measure of its
disorder
The conventional unit of battery capacity is the ampere-hour, which is actually a unit of
electric charge
A kilowatt hour is a unit of
energy
If the Antarctic and Greenland icecaps melt completely, sea level will rise
everywhere by about 10m
A converging lens of focal length f produces a real image of a real object when the object is
farther than f from the lens.
Relative to its object, a real image formed by a lens is always
inverted
The charge on an electron
is always the same.
Protons and electrons have different masses. When they are the same distance apart, the electric force between two electrons
is the same as the force between two protons.
Ice floats in water because
its density is less than that of water.
A compass needle tends to
line up parallel to a magnetic field.
The image the lens of the eye forms on the retina is
real and inverted
A refrigerator
removes heat from a region and carries it elsewhere
The setting sun appears red because its light is
scattered
Two charges, one positive and the other negative, are initially 2 cm apart and are then pulled away from each other until they are 6 cm apart. The force between them is now smaller by a factor of
9
Which of the following are the chief acids in acid rain?
Both A & C (Sulfur and Nitric acid)
The watt, the unit of power, is equal to the
(volt)(ampere).
Oxygen boils at -183°C. This temperature is
-297°F.
A 70-dB sound relative to a 40-dB sound is more intense by a factor of
1000
It seems possible that a serious effort to improve the efficiency of electricity use in the United States could reduce its consumption of electric energy by
50%
Energy is carried by which one or more of the following ways?
All of the above
When heat is added to a body of matter, the resulting temperature increase does not depend upon
It's shape
Of the following energy sources, the one most likely to run out of reserves first is
Oil
The primary coil of a transformer has 200 turns and its secondary coil has 40 turns. If the current in the secondary coil is 25 A, the current in the primary coil is
5 A
An electric iron draws a current of 15 A when connected to a 120-V power source. Its resistance is
8ohms
An atom consists of a
small positive nucleus surrounded at a distance by electrons.
When a gas is forced into a smaller volume without a change in temperature, its pressure increases because its molecules
strike the container walls more often.
An example of a wave that is partly longitudinal and partly transverse is a
water wave
When a sound wave goes from air into water, the quantity that remains unchanged is its
frequency
In the United States, bioethanol from corn is added to gasoline for vehicle fuel because
government subsidies and tariffs favor its production and use.
The specific heat of water is 4.2 kJ/kg.°C. When 400 kJ of heat is added to 12 kg of water at 2°C, its final temperature is
17.9°C.
Three 12-V batteries cannot be connected to give a voltage for the set of
6V
The power rating of an electric motor that draws a current of 3 A when operated at 240 V is
720 W
Which of the following quantities is independent of the size and shape of an object composed of a given material?
Density
The bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle in their path is an example of
Diffraction
A frequency that is not an overtone of the fundamental frequency F is
F/2
Of the following problems associated with various energy sources, the least significant for nuclear fission is
Fuel Reserves
Suppose there were molecules that had no attraction whatsoever for one another. A collection of such molecules would form a
Gas
Molecules are, in general, farthest apart from one another in
Gases
Heat conduction is most efficient in
Metals
A changing electric field gives rise to
a magnetic field
Of the following kinds of waves, the ones that cannot travel through a vacuum are
sound waves
A magnetic field does not interact with a
stationary electric charge.
Of the following, a molecule is best described as
the smallest particle of a substance that is representative of the substance
If the pressure on 10 m3 of air is increased from 200 kPa to 800 kPa, the new volume of air will be
2.5 m^3
When a ton of coal burns, it loses 3.3 × 10-7 kg of mass. The energy given off is
3.0 × 10^10 J.
In the past century the world's population has increased by about
300%
The density of brass is 8 × 103 kg/m3. The volume occupied by 320 g of brass is
38 cm^3
Arrange these sources in increasing order of the amount of energy they supply to the world today. 1. coal 2. oil 3. natural gas 4. nuclear
4, 3, 1, 2
When the voltage across a certain resistance is V, the power delivered is P. If the voltage is doubled to 2V, the power delivered becomes
4P
A boat at anchor is rocked by waves whose crests are 50 m apart and whose speed is 10 m/s. These waves reach the boat once every
5s
The image a camera lens forms on the film is
Always real
Compact fluorescent light bulbs are more efficient than incandescent light bulbs
And last longer
The primary coil of a transformer is connected to a source of alternating current of voltage V. The voltage of the secondary current is
Any of these choices could be correct, depending on the ratio of turns in the transformer coils.
The amplitude of the wave shown in the figure is
B
One or more factors that today prevent the widespread use of hydrogen as a fuel is/are
Both A & D the need to first separate hydrogen from its chemical compounds, such as water & the difficulty of storing and shipping it.
Which of the following sources is/are responsible for 1 percent or more of the energy the world uses today?
Both A and C Hydro-power and wind
Which statement(s) apply(ies) to nuclear fusion?
Both A and C It is the energy source of the sun and stars. & It should produce relatively little radioactive waste
The fossil fuels that are the least and most polluting to burn are respectively
Both A and D Natural Gas and Coal
Heat can be transferred through a liquid by which one or more of the following?
Both A, B, and C
The renewable energy source that seems to have the most worldwide potential is
Geothermal
Environmental concerns are the most important factor in limiting the expansion of which of the following energy sources?
Hydropower
A thermometer calibrated in the Celsius scale and a thermometer calibrated in the Fahrenheit scale are used to measure the same temperature. The numerical reading on the Fahrenheit thermometer
may be smaller or larger than that on the Celsius thermometer.
Fuel cells
need continuous supplies of fuel.
A promising method of preventing the escape into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel power plants is to
pump it into underground reservoirs
The ionosphere
reflects radio waves.
A current-carrying wire is in a magnetic field with the direction of the current perpendicular to that of the field.
The wire tends to move perpendicular to the field.
Mercury absorbed in the body damages the nervous system and is especially harmful to unborn children. Pollution by mercury is one result of burning
coal
Ultrasound refers to sound whose
frequency is too high for most people to hear
Algae are able to make diesel fuel through photosynthesis using as a raw material
Carbon Dioxide
Eventually, if bioethanol remains in use, it will probably be made from
Cellulose
The pressure at the bottom of a barrel filled with liquid does not depend on the
area of the liquid surface.