Physical Science Midterm
Diffraction
Ability of waves to bend around the edge of an obstacle in their path
Scalar
Quantity that only had magnitude
Acceleration of Gravity
9.8 m/s2
247 kJ
A 1000-kg car whose speed is 80 km/h (22.2m/s) has a kinetic energy of
30 m
A 1200-kg car is traveling at 10 m/s on a road such that the maximum frictional force between its tires and the road is 4000 N. The minimum turning radius of the car is
Zero
A 2-kg book is HELD 1 m above the floor for 50 s. The work done is
7500 N
A 3000-kg truck accelerates from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 8 s. The net force on the truck is
20 N
A 500-g ball moves in a circle 40 cm in radius at a speed of 4 m/s. The centripetal force on the ball is
-1.5 m/s2
A car moving at 15 m/s comes to a stop in 10 s. Its acceleration is
10 s
A car starts from a speed of 10 m/s with an acceleration of 2 m/s2. The time needed for the car to reach 30 m/s is
Wavelength
Distance from crest to crest or trough to trough
Ohm's Law
Doubling the voltage, doubles the current
Short
Electrical circuit in which there is little to no resistance
More than that of water
In order for an object to sink when placed in water, the object's average density must be
16 m2
The measurements of a room are given as length = 5.28 m and width = 3.1 m. Since (5.28)(3.1) = 16.368, the room's area is correctly expressed as
Negative Ion
Picked up one or more electrons in excess of its usual number
1,000,000
Prefix 'mega' represents
Mass, Gravity, and Height
Product of these three variables equals the work done against gravity
Amplitude
Property of a sound wave that governs its loudness
Frequency
Property of light waves that leads to the phenomenon of color
Same downward acceleration
Ball A is thrown horizontally and ball B is thrown upward
Diffraction
Bending of waves around the edge of an obstacle in their path is an example of
In order to operate, a heat engine must have
Both a hot and a cold reservoir
Converging Lens
Brings parallel light to a single point at a distance
Sound Waves
Cannot travel through vacuums
Refraction
Change in direction of waves when they enter a region in which their speed changes
Magnetic Field
Changing electric field gives rise to
As temperature increases, volume increases; as temperature decreases, volume decreases
Charles Law states this about the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas when pressure remains constant
Red
Color of light reaching your eyes when you look at the red petals of a rose
Tc = (9/5)(Tf + 32°)
Correct formula relating temperatures on the Celsius and Fahrenheit
Same under all circumstances
Coulomb's formula F = KQ1Q2/R2 gives the force between two charges in free space. The value of K
Becomes heat
When a current passes through a resistance, the electric energy that is lost
Superconductors
have no electrical resistance
Ice floats in water because
its density is less than that of water
magnet attracts
some substances and repels others
Centimeter
.01 k
TC is smaller than TK
A Celsius thermometer and an absolute thermometer are used to measure the temperature of the same gas sample. The readings on the thermometers are respectively TC and TK. Which is correct?
10 m/s2
A car starts from rest and achieves a velocity of 50 m/s in the first 5 s. The car's acceleration is
0.6 m/s2
A car starts from rest and reaches a speed of 12 m/s in 20 s. Its acceleration is
Newton's Third Law of Gravity
For every force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force
Gravity
Force that causes all objects on Earth to fall with the same acceleration
Virtual
Formed by diverging lens of a real object is always
Ultrasound
Frequency too high for most people to hear
Neutrons
Have no charge
Gases
Heat conduction is least efficient in
Amplitude
Height of the crest above the undisturbed level
Diamon
Highest index of regraction
Newton's First Law
If no net force acts on it, every object continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line
Four times its present value
If the moon were half as far from the earth as it is now, the gravitational force it exerts on the earth would be
Real and Inverted
Image the lens of the eye forms on the retina
Perpendicular to the direction travelled
In a transverse wave, the individual particles of the medium move
Kilogram-meter
Is NOT a unit of work
First Law of Thermodynamics
Law of conservation
Red
Light of this color has the lowest frequency
Barometer
Measures atmospheric pressure
Thermometer
Measures temperature
Gases
Molecules are, in general, farthest apart from one another in
Scientific theories
Must be constantly reviewed to see whether they are in accord with new experimental observations
Ohm's Law
Not a basic physical law or phenomenon but applies only to certain materials
Density
Objects mass divided by its volume
12.5 m/s
Ocean waves whose period is 8s are observed to have a wavelength of 100m. Their speed is
Electron
Particle easiest to remove from an atom
Longitudinal Wave
Particles vibrate back and forth in the direction in which waves travel
Transverse Wave
Particles vibrate from side to side in perpendicular to the wave direction
Energy
Property something has that enables it do work
Same force between two protons
Protons and electrons have different masses. When they are the same distance apart, the electric force between two electrons
True
Protons are positively charged
Resonance
Pure musical note causes a thin wooden panel nearby to vibrate with the same frequency
Weight, mass, and volume
Quantities are dependent of the size and shape of an object composed of a given material?
Density
Quantity is independent of the size and shape of an object composed of a given material?
Index of refraction
Ration between the speed of light in free space and its speed in the medium
Kelvin
Referred to as absolute temperature
Inverted
Relative to its object, a real image formed by a lens is always
Positive Electric Charge
Repels other positive charges
Inertia
Resistance the object offers to any change in its state of rest of motion
Ampere
SI unit for electric current
Meter
SI unit for length
Watt
SI unit for power
Blue
Scattered the most in the atmosphere
Blue
Shortest wavelength
Atom
Small positive nucleus surrounded at a distance by electrons
Electron
Smallest elementary particle in an atom that carries the negative charge
Longitudinal
Sound is this type of a wave
Long wavelength
Sound wave whose frequency is 50 Hz
Dispersion
Splitting of a white light into its component colors in refraction
Diverging Lens
Spreads out parallel light so that it seems to come from a point behind the lends
Second Law of Thermodynamics
States that some of the heat input to a heat engine must be wasted in order for the engine to operate
Heat
Sum of the molecular kinetic energy of a body
Potential and Kinetic Energy
Sum of these two energies is equal to the total energy of a closed system
Very low temperature
Superconductivity occurs in certain substances
Gas
Suppose there were molecules that had no attraction whatsoever for one another. A collection of such molecules would form a
Index of Refraction
Term used to describe the speed of light in free space divided by the speed of light in the medium
Yard
The British unit of length closest to the meter is the
The same mass and less weight
The acceleration of gravity on the surface of Mars is 3.7 m/s2. Compared with his or her mass and weight on Earth, an astronaut on Mars has
16,000 N
The braking force needed to bring a 4000-kg truck to a stop from a speed of 20 m/s in 5 s is
12 A
The current in a 20-ohm electric heater operated at 240 V is
2 A
The current in a 24-W, 12-V light bulb is
Longer its wavelength
The lower the frequency of a sound wave
20.4 kg
The mass of a sack of potatoes whose weight is 200 N is
720 W
The power rating of an electric motor that draws a current of 3 A when operated at 240 V is
True
The proton mass is almost the same as the neutron mass
True
The proton mass is greater than the electron mass
Centimeter
The shortest of the following units (meter, kilometer, centimeter, inch) is the
potential difference
The volt is the unit of electric
588 N
The weight of a 60-kg person is
5880 J
The work done in lifting 30 kg of bricks to a height of 20 m on a building under construction is
1 J
The work you do in raising an orange from your waist to your mouth is roughly
Less
This word describes the weight of a girl on Venus, where the acceleration of gravity is 8.8m/s², as compared to the girls weight on Earth
Vector
Type of quantity has both a magnitude and direction.
Vector
Velocity is an example of this kind of quantity.
200 Volts
Voltage needed to produce a current of 5A with a resistance of 40 Ohms
Reliance on experiment and observation
What distinguishes the scientific method from other ways of looking at the natural world is
Strike the container walls more often
When a gas is forced into a smaller volume without a change in temperature, its pressure increases because its molecules
Newton's Second Law
When a net force F acts on an objects of mass (m), the object is given an acceleration of f/m in the same direction as that of the force
Hypothesis
When first proposed, a scientific idea is usually called a
Its shape
When heat is added to a body of matter, the resulting temperature increase does not depend upon
Less than 1.2m deep
You are looking at the bottom of a lake 1.2m deep from the boat. To you the lake seems to be
A car whose speed is a steady 50 km/h
is accelerated when it climbs a hill, goes over the crest, and descends on the other side
A compass needle tends to
line up parallel to a magnetic field
Solid Conductor
whose electrons are free to move about
Joule, watt-hour, and newton-meter
Are ALL units of work
Sound wave, water wave, wave in stretch string, light wave
Energy is carried by these waves
Kinetic Energy
Energy of moving object
Water wave
Example of a way that is partly longitudinal and partly transverse
P1/T1 = P2/T2
Expresses the relationship between the pressure and absolute temperature of a gas sample whose volume is fixed
-173°C
An absolute temperature of 100 K is the same as a Celsius temperature of
8 Ohms
An electric iron draws a current of 15 A when connected to a 120-V power source. Its resistance is
Deficiency of Electrons
An object has a positive electric charge whenever
0.2 m/s2
A force gives a 100-kg mass an acceleration of 2 m/s2. The same force would give a mass of 1000 kg an acceleration of
16 N
A horizontal force is applied to a 2-kg ball on a smooth table. The ball's speed is 8 m/s when it has gone 4 m. The magnitude of the force is
Energy
A kilowatt hour is a unit of
18.3 m
A mast is 60 ft tall. The SI equivalent of this height is
30mm
A medal in a plastic cube whose index of refraction is 1.5 appears to be 20mm below the upper surface of the cube. The depth of the medal is actually
0.01 km
A meter is NOT equal to
Positive ion
A molecule that has lost an electron becomes a
Magnetic Field
A moving electric current produces this
2 N
A net force of 10 N gives an object an acceleration of 5 m/s2. What net force would give the same object an acceleration of 1 m/s2?
False Statement
A proton in an atom circulates around its nucleus
Ternimal
A raindrop falling form the sky does not kill you because it will eventually reach this speed
Law
A regularity in observed data or a relationship between different quantities is usually called a
45 km
A ship travels 20 km to the south and then 40 km to the west. The ship's displacement from its starting point is
929 cm
A square foot contains approximately
Same acceleration when they reach the ground
A stone is thrown upward from a roof at the same time as another, identical stone is dropped from there. The two stones
10 m
A total of 4900 J is expended in lifting a 50-kg mass. The mass is raised to a height of
78 m/s
A wheel falls off an airplane and takes 8 s to reach the ground. If there were no air resistance, the wheel's final speed would be
Amplitude
AM radio receives more static than FM. This is due to the fact that AM stations depend on the modulation of this wave characteristic
Potential Energy
Amount of potential energy in
Zero
Amount of work done when an apple is help 1 meter above the floor for 4 seconds
Law of conservation of energy
The first law of thermodynamics is the same as the
Energy
The greater the amplitude of a wave, the greater
Louder it is
The greater the decibel (dB) level of a sound wave, the
Louder it is
The greater the decibel (dB) level of a sound wave, the...
Galileo
The idea that all conclusions about the natural world must be based upon experiment and observation was first emphasized in the work of
C = √A²+B²
The length C of the longest side of a right triangle is related to the lengths A and B of the other sides by the formula
