physical science midterm review 23-24

ke

1/2mv^2

how can you use the terms exothermic and endothermic to explain the change in energy from one substance to another? give and example of each term

exothermic-energy is released to surroundings endothermic-energy is absorbed from surroundings examples:exothermic-combustion endothermic-ice melting

boyles law

P1V1=P2V2 A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature they are inversely proportional

when wood is chopped

a change in physical property

work

force x distance force exerted on an obj causing it to move

thermal energy flows from --- to --- matter

hot to cold

which objs will float?

none

the result of the experiments show that there are 2 ways to decrease the volume of an enclosed gas. identify each way then explain changes in particle behavior that are responsible for the volume decrease in each method.

1. decrease the temp the particles wont be colliding as fast causing the ball to deflate slightly causing the volume to change 2. increase the pressure if you increase the pressure the volume will get smaller as a result of the particles getting more compact

3 types of energy can either be ke or pe. identify and explain

1.mechanical: sum of pe and ke so it can be either 2.thermal: measure of ke and pe particles so it can be either 3. electrical: the uncharged particles have pe and the charged particles have ke

weight on diff planets planet gravity weight venus: .9 90 mars .4 40 saturn 1.1 110 neptune 1.2 120 moon .2 20 ceres .03 3 pluto .1 10 based on this information what is her weight on earth? How would her mass be affected by the different gravities on each planetary body? explain how gravity affects mass

100 lbs. The less gravitational pull, the lighter her weight will be. Gravity does not affect the amount of mass itself but it changes the weight of it.

Chiara knows that weight is affected by gravitational pull. She is putting together a poster to display in her classroom. Since the moon's gravity is less than Earth's, all objects, including mammals, have different weights on the moon than on Earth. Use the table below to calculate how much a dog weighs on the moon. Weights on Earth and the Moon Mammals Weight on Earth Weight on the Moon human being 120lbs 20lbs tiger660lbs 110lbs dog150lbs and --- how much does a dog weigh on the moon?

25lbs

read a graph if you cant im sorry but i cant help you

:)

George is writing a newspaper article about the fire at the local library. His introductory paragraph has an example of conservation of mass. Highlight the sentence that illustrates conservation of mass. Our town library dealt with a terrible fire in one of its rooms over the weekend. The room contained much-loved books and magazines. Firefighters rushed to the scene, but were too late. All that remained of the books and magazines were ash, water vapor, and carbon dioxide fumes. The mayor arrived soon afterward and urged everyone to donate to help rebuild this important community building.

All that remained of the books and magazines were ash, water vapor, and carbon dioxide fumes

Annie learns that the compound sulfuric acid is called the universal chemical. The acid is used in everything from gasoline to paper. Annie uses beads in three different colors to model sulfuric acid. Based on the model, what is the chemical formula of sulfuric acid? MODEL HAS 2 HYDROGEN 4 OXYGEN AND 1 SULPHUR

H₂ SO₄

Lauren makes an art piece using the densities of various liquids to create layers of colors. She first determines the density of each liquid. Then she pours them into a glass container and watches them separate into layers and the density is calculated by g/ml. Dish soap: 1.03, honey: 1.36, corn syrup: 1.33, corn oil: 0.91, water: 1 1. What information did she need to find the density of each liquid? 2. How did she calculate density? 3. Which liquid sinks to the very bottom, and which floats at the very top?

She needed the mass and volume. She calculated the density using the formula d=m/v. Honey will sink to the bottom because its densest and corn oil will float at the top because its the least dense

explain then give two examples of how work can be done using those books

figure a shows work being done bc the books are moving in the same direction as the force applied. there is no work done in figure b bc there is force being applied but the objs are not moving in the same direction ex 1: throwing a book ex 2: pushing it into the shelf

what method does an air purifier use to remove dust from the air

filtration

out of chicken noodle soup and orange juice which is homogenous and which is heterogenous

The soup is heterogenous because the chicken the noodles and the soup are not near impossible to separate. The orange juice is homogenous because the substances are impossible to take apart by hand

Jonah realizes that even though he is crushing the cans, the amount of material in each can is unchanged. Which of the following describes the process that is taking place?

a change in form or appearance of matter

Rachel notices that many objects have rusted. Rusting is a chemical change that some metal and steel objects undergo when they are exposed to oxygen. Which option best describes a chemical change?

a change in matter that produces one or more new substances

what term best applies to candle wax?

amorphous solid

Sunlight enables plants to use water and carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to make and store sugar. Any animal that eats the plants can convert the sugar into the energy it needs to move from place to place. Which three types of energy are involved in this example? a) chemical b) electromagnetic c) kinetic d) thermal

a) chemical b) electromagnetic c) kinetic

Min was writing about changes in state of matter for a research paper. Which of changes might she include as examples of sublimation? Choose 2: a) clothing in hung outside on a day when the temperature is below the freezing point of water. The clothes dry, even though they freeze first. b) an ice cube melts on the floor, then it evaporates c) bromine is a reddish-brown, liquid element. In a closed container, a reddish-brown gas exists above the surface of the bromine. d) dry ice changes directly to carbon dioxide gas

a) clothing in hung outside on a day when the temperature is below the freezing point of water. The clothes dry, even though they freeze first. d) dry ice changes directly to carbon dioxide gas

Marcus is hanging a porch swing on his front porch. The first thing he has to do is attach two springs to the ceiling. Then, he fastens the swing to the springs so that they can stretch and support the weight of the swing. Which two types of potential energy do the springs have? a) elastic b) gravitational c) kinetic d) stretched

a) elastic b) gravitational

Chad's family just moved into a new home. The sun went down as Chad was moving boxes into the house, so he had to turn on a light to see. Which statements are true about the power Chad used? Choose 2: a) the power he used to move the boxes can be found by determining the rate at which work was done on the boxes b) the power Chad used to move the boxes is the force he used times the distance he moved them. c) the power of the light Chad turned on is the amount of energy changed from electricity to light d) the power of the light Chad turned on is the amount of energy transferred per time

a) the power he used to move the boxes can be found by determining the rate at which work was done on the boxes d) the power of the light Chad turned on is the amount of energy transferred per time

Before coming to school, Angela used electrical energy to warm her breakfast, light up a room, and charge her cell phone. Which statement about electrical energy is true? a. if the charged particles are moving electrical energy is a type of kinetic energy b.if unchanged particles are moving electrical energy is is a type of pe c.if the charged particles are not moving electrical energy is a type of ke d. if the charged particles are moving electrical energy is a type of pe

a. if the charged particles are moving electrical energy is a type of kinetic energy

what is the difference between an energy transfer and an energy transformation. a. transfer is the movement of energy from one place to another, and transformation is the change of energy from one type of energy to another b. transformation is the movement of energy from one place to another, and transfer is the change of energy from one type of energy to another c. there is no difference they both involve movement of energy from one place to another d. there is no difference they both involve the change of one type of energy to another

a. transfer is the movement of energy from one place to another, and transformation is the change of energy from one type of energy to another

glorias family built a new deck using materials made from recycled plastic bottles. As they were heated, the plastics softened and were formed into new shapes. Those plastics were (amorphous/crystalline/vibrating/viscosity) solids, and their particles are arranged (far apart from each other/in no regular pattern/in regular repeating patterns/ so that the particles slide by each other). These solids are different from (amorphous/crystalline/vibrating/viscosity) solids, which melt at a specific temperarture

amorphous/in no regular pattern/crystalline

DENSITY obj a-12 obj b-9 obj c-3 obj d-6 which has a mass of 27 grams if all volume is 3

b

Maria's class has learned how to drop an egg without breaking it. After 0.2 s, the kinetic energy of the falling egg is 0.5 J. If its mechanical energy is 2.3 J, what is its potential energy? a) 1.2 J b) 1.8 J c) 2.8 J d) 4.6 J

b) 1.8 J

Bonito has potential energy while he is in the starting blocks, getting ready to run his 5-kilometer race. Which of the following statements are true about his potential energy? Choose 3 that apply a) it can do work b) it is stored energy c) it might be used later d) it can be changed into kinetic energy

b) it is stored energy c) it might be used later d) it can be changed into kinetic energy

Chelsea went ice-skating. The ice, her skates, the Zamboni, and the rink building itself were all examples of solids she encountered. She developed a model of the particles in the ice. Which of these statements about the particles present in her model of a solid is false? a) they vibrate in place b) they slide past each other c) they are packed very closely together d) they cause the solid to have definite volume and definite shape.

b) they slide past each other

Raul dug a hole in his yard to repair a water pipe. It took him 2 seconds to apply a force of 50 Newtons to push a shovel 0.25 meters into the ground. How much power was used? a) 0.01 watts b) 6.25 J/s c) 25.00 N*m*s d) 100.00 watts

b. 6.25 j/s

four students are pushing on one side of a box. maria is pushing to the west, cindi is pushing to the east, chris is pushing to the north, and sammy is pushing to the south, if the box moves east which student is doing work on the box? a. mara b. cindi c. chris d. sammy

b. cindi

what type of energy is only ke? a. chem b. electromagnetic c. mechanical d. thermal

b. electromagnetic

andre really likes his new car, and he knows that it has a certain amount of mechanical energy. which types of energy are included in the mechanical energy of the car? choose 2 that apply a. electrical energy from the battery b. ke from any movement the car has c. pe based on its position d. te when fuel burns in engine

b. ke from any movement the car has c. pe based on its position

what is used to provide energy in a nuclear power plant a. chem reactions b. nuclear fission reactions c. nuclear fusion reactions d. physical changes

b. nuclear fission reactions

Johanna took her little brother to the playground because he likes to swing. Look at the diagram that shows Johanna pushing her brother on the swing. Which statement is true about the transformation between kinetic and potential energy while the boy swings? (point a top left point b middle bottom point c top right) a. ke changes to pe between points a and b b. pe changes to ke between points a and b c. pe changes to ke between points b and c d. pe and ke remain constant between points a and c

b. pe changes to ke between points a and b

as a candle burns on a table you can see that the electromagnetic energy and feel the thermal energy released . which 2 statements are true about the energy involved in burning a candle? a. chem energy is created from electromagnetic energy when the candle burns b. the total amount of all types of energy is conserved when the candle burns c. thermal and chemical energy are destroyed by electromagnetic energy when the candle burns d. the total chemical energy equals total electromagnetic and thermal energy released when the candle burns

b. the total amount of all types of energy is conserved when the candle burns d. the total chemical energy equals total electromagnetic and thermal energy released when the candle burns

a classroom thermometer contains alcohol in a very thin tube. The liquid rises in the tube as the temperature rises. this happens bc the liquid particles spread out as they warm. why do thermometers use a liquid instead of a solid or a gas? Use evidence from the diagrams (diagram a has many particles close together, diagram b has fewer particles farther apart) to support your answer

bc gas has no definite shape or volume and solids have a definite shape and volume (shown in the graphs) but liquids can expand because they have a definite volume but no definite shape

celia plays center field on the school softball team. she is one of the best hitters on the team when she swings the bat she uses (transfer/energy/force/motion) to change the (energy/transfer/force/motion) of the bat by applying a (transfer/motion/ force/ energy) to it

energy/motion/force

atmospheric pressure on venus is over 90 times grater than earth which statements are true about boiling water on venus?

boil at higher temp/temp will remain constant

which of the following is an example of a physical change

boiling water

Lance is a 60-kg runner who, on a good day, runs at a speed of 5 m/s. What is his kinetic energy when he runs at this speed? a) 150 J b) 300 J c) 750 J d) 1500 J

c) 750 J

While Robert was helping his father in the garden, he pushed a shovel into the ground to dig a hole in the dirt. He picked up a shrub, carried it to the hold, and held it while he lowered it into the hole. During which parts of this process does Robert NOT do work? Choose two: a) he pushed a shovel into the ground to dig a hole b) he picked up a shrub c) he carried it to the hole d) he held it while he lowered it into the hold

c) he carried it to the hole d) he held it while he lowered it into the hold

The bobsled is an event in the winter Olympics. In this event, each sled and its riders speed down an icy track. Which factor(s) affect how much kinetic energy the sled and its team have when the sled crosses the finish line? a) mass only b) speed and time c) speed and mass d) speed, mass, and time

c) speed and mass

Nakeem and his team were playing basketball in the gym, and all the basketballs were firm and bounced well. When the team went outside, the same basketballs seemed a bit flat and would not bounce well. Which statement provides the best explanation for what happened to the basketballs? a) the temperature outside was colder than the temperature in the gym, so the pressure of the air in the balls increased b) the temperature outside was warmer than the temperature in the gym, so the pressure on the air in the balls increased c) the temperature outside was colder than the temperature in the gym, so the pressure of the air in the balls decreased d) the temperature outside was warmer than the temperature in the gym, so the pressure of the air in the balls decreased

c) the temperature outside was colder than the temperature in the gym, so the pressure of the air in the balls decreased

Michael's car ran over a nail, which made a hole in one of the tires. At what point will air stop pouring out of the hole in the tire? a) when all of the air has escaped from the tire b) when the air pressure in the tire is less than atmospheric pressure c) when the air pressure in the tire is equal to atmospheric pressure d) when the air pressure in the tire is greater than atmospheric pressure

c) when the air pressure in the tire is equal to atmospheric pressure

Marissa uses a cart to haul flowers at her job as a landscaper. She pushes a 12-kilogram cart a distance of 6 meters with a force of 25 newtons. How much work does she do? a) 4.25 N/m b) 12.5 N*m/kg c) 150.00 N*m d) 1800.00 N*m*kg

c. 150.00 N.m

if a 500kg horse ran a 2000m track in 120s what is their average ke (1 kj=1000j) a. 4.2 kj b. 8.3 kj c. 69 kj d.139 kj

c. 69 kj

firewood to fire. which statement best shows energy transfer a. chem to thermal b. thermal to electromagnetic

c. chem to thermal and elecromagmetic

burning of wood is an example of a ____ property.

chemical

what kind of energy changes food into energy

chemical

a large volume of oxygen can be put in a small tank because oxygen is a gas, and gases can be ___

compressed

George rolled four different types of paper into four different cylinders. Identical 10-cm rubber bands were placed around the cylinders to hold the paper in place. Each number in the answer choices is the diameter of one of the cylinders. Which cylinder has the rubber band with the greatest elastic potential energy? a) 5 cm b) 10 cm c) 20 cm d) 25 cm

d) 25 cm

Before Mrs. Hernandez decides what to wear for the day, she wants to know what the temperature is going to be. Which type of energy is most closely related to temperature? a. chemical b. electrical c. mechanical d. thermal

d. thermal

a measure of the mass of a material in a given volume

density

measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³)

density

diagram a has many particles close together diagram b has fewer particles farther apart which best represents gas?

diagram b is a gas bc its particles move more quickly and are closer together

speed

distance/time

deannas niece loves to swing at the local playground, so deanna takes her and pushes her on the swing. Deanna must use (motion/force/transfer/energy)to exert a (transfer/motion/force/energy) that causes the swing to change (force/energy/motion/transfer)

energy/force/motion

Min is conducting an experiment where he compares the properties of water and lemonade. The first stage of the experiment is focusing only on the physical properties of the water and lemonade. Which comparison point would Min not use in the first stage?

flammability

mr tracy drove to the plant place to get plants. his trip involved many examples of chem energy. the chem energy contained in (body cells/fuel/a battery/photosynthesis) changed into energy to run the car.m The plant store chem energy produced during (digestion/photosynthesis/burning/respiration). mr tracy had the energy to pick up the plants and carry them to the car bc the chem energy stored in (fuel/carbon dioxide/sugar/photosynthesis)

fuel/photosynthesis/sugar

matter a. has both mass and takes up space b.must have mass and be touchable c.anything that has mass d.must have mass and be visable

has both mass and takes up space

which of the following statements is a physical change

heating sugar to make caramel

Ruth's birthday celebration included several party balloons that were filled with helium. As afternoon sunlight filled the room over time, the room became warmer. As the temperature in the room increased, the volume of the gas in the balloons (changed randomly/decreased/increased/stayed the same) , because gas temperature and volume are (not related/directly proportional/indirectly proportional/opposites) .

increased/directly proportional

Chase and Bernie were ice-fishing at a frozen pond where the temperature was -4⁰C. As the boys sat on the ice, the thermal energy of the ice (decreased/increased/stayed the same/decreased than increased), and some of the ice (condensed/froze/melted/sublimed) . As it sat in the cold air, the thermal energy of the water on the glove (decreased/increased/stayed the same/decreased than increased) , and the water on the glove (condensed/froze/melted/sublimed) .

increased/melted/decreased/froze

what happens when a volleyball heats up

it inflated a little bit

if you lift a book and carry a book which one do you do work on?

lifting books

Nico is sorting foods in his fridge for a class project. He is not certain how to classify strawberry jam. A spoonful of jam has a definite shape and volume, but only if he does not tip the spoon. Which classification BEST describes the jam? a) amorphous solid b) crystalline solid c) liquid with high viscosity d) liquid with low viscosity

liquid with high viscosity

measured in grams (g)

mass

the amount of matter in an object

mass

the law of Conservation of Energy states

matter is not created or destroyed in any change

A scout on a hike becomes lost. He does not have a compass, but he does have a small needle, a magnet, and some water. He magnetizes the needle and then gently places it on the surface of the water, where it points to the north. What property of the water makes it possible for the needle to lie on the surface of the water?

surface tension

what affects the density of air?

temperature, when it is warmer its less dense when its colder its more dense.

Nicole has 2 glasses on the counter: one water and one of sugar-water. She is baking a cake and needs to use the sugar-water for the glaze. Both glasses look identical, but one contains a mixture and the other contains a compound. Is sugar water a mixture or a compound? Define mixtures and compounds, and explain how without tasting it, Nicole can test to make sure she is using the sugar water in the glaze.

mixture: when 2 or more things are mixed together but not combined compound: 2 or more atoms that have a set ratio sugar water is a mixture because its not chemically combined nicole can test if its sugar water by using distillation and checking the boiling points

if a hiker can only boil water at 82 C instead of 100 C he tries leaving it in overnight, will the egg cook?

no the temp will remain at 82 C until all the water evaporates

power equation

power = work/time (also force x distance over time)

Oliver's science project consists of six sealed and labeled containers. He challenges his classmates to identify pure substances versus mixtures. Identify each substance as a pure substance or mixture. air/smog/oxygen/sugar/coffee/chocolate milk

pure: oxygen sugar mixtures: air smog coffee chocolate milk

Lauren wants to add in the additional layers shown in the table below. Assuming all layers will have a volume of 3mL, which of all the substances will float on top? rubbing alcohol: mass 2.40 milk: mass 3.12

rubbing alcohol

if snow isnt warm enough to melt then it dissapates through

sublimation

gallium melts when you hold it, how do the freezing point and the melting point compare

the freezing point of galluim equals its melting point

jaime has a 20n bird feeder on a 2m pole in his yard. the gpe of his bird feeder is a result of (its elasticity/the gravitational pull of earth/ its ke/ its speed and mass) the gpe of this full feeder is (22nm/40nm/18nm/10nm)

the gravitational pull of earth/ 40 nm

Mr. Allen wanted to fill balloons for a party. He rented a helium tank that contained 0.4 cubic meters of helium gas. He was concerned that the gas would not fill many balloons, but it filled 27 large balloons! Why was the small tank of helium gas able to fill so many balloons? a) helium mixed with air when it came out of the tank b) the helium expanded to fill its new containers, the balloons c) helium molecules are very small in size d) the volume of gas in the balloons equaled the volume of gas in the tank

the helium expanded to fit its new containers, the balloons

Charles law

the law that states that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature of the gas increases and the volume of the gas decreases as the temperature of the gas decreases

power

the rate at which work is done

Min increases the temperature of a gas in an expandable container. If she keeps the pressure constant, what will happen to the volume of the gas? a) volume will decrease b) volume will increase c) volume will remain the same d) volume will decrease, then increase

the volume will increase

Bela made scrambled eggs while camping. She placed the eggs in a pan on the grill, then turned on the flame to apply heat to the pan and to the eggs. By applying heat, Bela increased the _______ of the eggs. She could measure how much the ______ increased with a thermometer. choose 2 of the following: potential energy, temperature, thermal energy, mass

thermal, temperature

describe one example of an energy transformation in this diagram and explain why it is a transformation. repeat this description and explanation for an energy transfer

transformation:the gas energy changing from chem energy to thermal energy as a result of that heat is added transfer:the thermal energy going from the fire to the water is a transfer because the energy is transferred from the flame to the water

Darvon observed that a rain puddle he saw on his driveway was gone in a couple of hours. What terms apply to what happened to the water in the puddle? a) boiling and evaporation b) sublimation and vaporization c) boiling and sublimation d) vaporization and evaporation

vaporization and evaporation

Motor oil has different ratings depending on how readily it flows. This property depends on how much attraction is present between its particles. Which property of a liquid does this illustrate? a) expandability b) flexibility c) surface tension d) viscosity

viscosity

The amount of space that matter occupies

volume

measured in cubic centimeters (cm³)

volume

measurement not requiring gravity

weight

gravitational potential energy

weight x height

explain the relationship between height and GPE as height increases. provide another example. what happens when her gpe decreases

when height increases gpe increases. a 50 kg person on a 100m mountain will have more gpe than a 50 kg person on a 5m hill. as her gpe decreases her kinetic energy increases