Physics 1310 Exam 3

On which of these blocks submerged in water is the buoyant force greatest? -1 kg of lead -1 kg of aluminum -1 kg of iron -The buoyant force is the same on each. Aluminum is the least dense, so 1 kg occupies a greater volume which displaces more water and hence has a greater buoyant force.

-1kg of aluminum

Two solid blocks of identical size are submerged in water. One block is lead and the other is aluminum. Upon which is the buoyant force greater? -On the lead block -On the aluminum block -The buoyant force is the same on both blocks -The mass of the blocks is needed in order to decide.

-The buoyant force is the same on both blocks

A 1 cm3 cube is scaled up to a cube that is 10 cm long on each side. The surface area in cm2 to volume ratio in cm3 is 1/1 for the small cube and 1/10 for the large cube. Use this to comment which muscle is stronger for the weight, a muscle in the leg of a mouse or the muscle in the leg of the elephant. -elephant is has more muscle power total, but the mouse is stronger for its weight -the elephant is stronger -the mouse is stronger

-elephant is has more muscle power total, but the mouse is stronger for its weight

A 1 cm3 cube is scaled up to a cube that is 10 cm long on each side. What is the cross sectional surface area to volume ratio in each case? Express ratio as surface area in cm2 / volume in cm3. -1/1 for the small cube and 1/10 for the big cube -1/3 for the small cube and 20/30 for the big cube -1/10 for the small cube and 1/1000 for the big cube -1/1 for the small cube and 1/100 for the big cube

1/1 for the small cube and 1/10 for the big cube

Which of the following has the greatest density? 10 kg concrete 2 kg concrete 3 kg aluminum 1 g lead

1g lead

How many protons should be added to the nuclei of oxygen atoms so the resulting gas will glow red when an electric current is in it? 4 2 1 3 none of the above

2

What is the number of orbiting electrons in each when the isotopes are electrically neutral? Express your answers as integers separated by a comma.

27 electrons, 27 electrons

The atomic masses of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. What is the number of protons in each? Express your answers as integers separated by a comma.

27 protons, 27 protons

What is the number of neutrons in each? Express your answers as integers separated by a comma.

32 neutrons, 33 neutrons

A 10 cm spring extends to 12 cm when a 1 kg load is suspended from it. What length do two identical 10 cm springs attached one after the other extend when a 4 kg load attached to the end spring? -24 cm -30 cm -36 cm -40 cm -answer not given

36 cm

An element with an atomic number of 47 and an atomic mass of 107 must have

60 neutrons

How many shells are represented in the presently known periodic table? 3 5 7 1

7

Which is more elastic, steel or play dough? A.Steel B.play dough C.Both have the same elasticity Steel regains its original shape much better than play dough after the force is removed.

A

Which of the following is false about the Higgs boson? -Discovery of the Higgs boson will likely change how we think of the concept of matter or mass -Although predicted earlier, scientific evidence that the Higgs Boson exists was not confirmed until 2012 -A Higgs Boson is responsible for antigravity.

A Higgs Boson is responsible for antigravity.

When a given mass of water freezes, it undergoes a A.decrease in density B.increase on density C.decrease in volume D.increase in volume E.increase in mass F.decrease in mass this is why ice floats in water.

A and D

How does a molecule differ from an atom? Give an example. A molecule is a mixture of atoms: NaCl. A molecule is made only when two or more of the same elements bond together: H2. A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H2O. A molecule is made when two or more nuclei fuse together.

A molecule is composed of two or more atoms bonded together: H2O

Ions and Isotopes. Which are true?

A positive ion has a deficit of electrons Different ions of an element can have close to the same mass

You release a ping-pong ball beneath the surface of water on earth, it will rise to the surface, and float there Which of the following are true? A.The ball rises to the surface because of the buoyant force B.while held underwater, the weight of the water displaced is equal to the weight of the ping-pong ball. C.while floating at the surface, the weight of the water displaced is equal to the weight of the ping-pong ball. D.The ball is more dense that the water E.The ball is less dense than the water

A, C, and E

Who first explained Brownian motion and made a convincing case for the existence of atoms? Richard Feynman John Dalton Robert Brown Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a gravitational force. a friction force. a nuclear force. an electrical force. none of the above

An electrical force

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in the mother's womb. ancient stars. the food the mother eats before delivery. the Earth. none of the above

Ancient Stars

The periodic table of the elements is a list of __________. atoms ions molecules isotopes

Atoms

Why can't atoms be seen with a powerful optical microscope? Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light. Atoms are crystal clear and light passes right through them. Atoms are transparent and do not interact with light. All of the above

Atoms are much smaller than a wavelength of light

What is a compound? Cite two examples. Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2 Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2

Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O

What is a mixture? Cite two examples. The same types of atoms bonded together: H2 and N2 Atoms of different elements with bonds between them: NaCl and H2O Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand Atoms pressed together without bonding: H2O and H2

Atoms pressed together without bonding: air and salt and sand

A 10 cm long spring extends to 12 cm when a 1 kg load is suspended from it. What would be its length if a 3 kg load were suspended from it? A.14 cm B.16 cm C.18 cm D.20 cm

B

A 10 cm spring extends to 12 cm when a 1 kg load is suspended from it. What length do two identical 10 cm springs attached side by side extend when a 4 kg load attached to the end spring? -12 cm -14 cm -24 cm -28 cm -answer not given

B

You are inside the International Space Station. You release a Ping-Pong ball in the water and find that... A.it floats to the top of the water in the container B.the water does not take the shape of the container C.the water turns into gas and diffuses throughout the shape craft leaving the ball floating in space D.the water turns into spherical moving blob E.the ball would float around in the water subject to fluid flow, but not buoyant forces.

B, D, E

A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces helium isotope. iron. lithium. carbon. beryllium.

Beryllium

Atoms can be photographed by electron beams. scanning electron microscopes. both of these neither of these

Both of these

The difficulty of taking a photograph of an atom with light is unwanted diffraction. that atoms are smaller than wavelengths of light. both of these neither of these

Both of these

Which of the following is true in regard to Brownian Motion?

Brownian motion is the movement of bits of dust in a fluid or gas Brownian motion was interpreted as evidence that atoms exist. Brownian motion advanced the atomic hypothesis Atoms remain unseen in Brownian motion studies.

What are the five most common elements in humans? H, He, C, O, and N C, H, O, N, and Ca C, H, O, N, and Fe H2O, O2, Ca, N2, and C

C, H, O, N, and Ca

If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains? Enter the element only.

Carbon

Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in carbon. neon. positively charged oxygen. helium. nitrogen.

Carbon

What causes dust particles and tiny grains of soot to move with Brownian motion? Collisions with invisible molecules Flowing currents Collisions with transparent microorganisms The element fire

Collisions with invisible molecules

Heavy atoms are not appreciably larger in size than light atoms because the nuclei of heavy atoms have more electric charge. nucleons. mass. all of the above none of the above

Electric Charge

Which is the lightest particle? proton neutron electron all about the same

Electron

The volume of matter is due mostly to its protons. electrons. both of these

Electrons

Which of the following are negatively charged? Neutrons Protons Electrons Atomic nuclei

Electrons

Since atoms are mostly empty space, why don't we fall through a floor we stand on? The atoms are always in motion, so they collide often. Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another. The positively charged nuclei repel each other. Positively charged nuclei attract electrons from neighboring atoms, so they always collide.

Electrons in one atom repel the electrons in another

To become a negative ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? gains loses

Gains

Which of these atoms has the largest number of neutrons in the nucleus? Helium Gold Hydrogen Carbon

Gold

The element gold contains gold atoms. atoms that combine to produce gold. gold atoms plus various slightly lighter and heavier atoms. none of the above

Gold atoms

What is the evidence that dark matter exists? Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter. Dark matter blocks distant light and can be seen as dark clouds in space. When dark matter clouds collide, they emit light. When dark matter falls into a black hole, it emits light.

Gravitational forces within galaxies are too great to be accounted for with ordinary matter

A pair of hydrogen nuclei fused together produces carbon. lithium. beryllium. iron. helium.

Helium

One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in boron. lithium. helium. hydrogen. beryllium.

Helium

What element has the lightest atoms? Helium Positronium Lithium Hydrogen

Hydrogen

What is the most abundant element in the known universe? Hydrogen Carbon Helium Iron

Hydrogen

Which of the following is an element? Carbon dioxide Hydrogen A supernova H2O

Hydrogen

Suppose you must drill a hole horizontally through a tree branch as shown. Where will the hole weaken the branch the least? -Near the top -Near the bottom -In the middle -It does not matter

In the middle

Where in the atom is most of its mass concentrated? What is this mass composed of? In the electron cloud In the nucleus as electrons In the nucleus as protons and neutrons In a cloud of nucleons surrounding the nucleus

In the nucleus as protons and neutrons

How does one isotope differ from another? It has a different number of electrons. It has a different number of neutrons. It has a different number of protons. It has a different electric charge.

It has a different number of neutrons

How does the electric charge of a proton compare with the electric charge of an electron? It is equal. It is equal and opposite. It is about 2000 times larger. It is about 2000 times larger and opposite in sign.

It is equal and opposite

Who advanced the idea of atoms in the early 1800s? Robert Brown John Dalton Albert Einstein Richard Feynman

John Dalton

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? mercury silver lead gold

Lead

To become a positive ion, does an atom lose or gain an electron? gains loses

Loses

Are most of the atoms around us younger or older than the Sun? Most are younger than the Sun Most are much younger than the Sun Most are the same age as the Sun Most are older than the Sun

Most are older than the Sun

A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are held together by electrical forces. not as close together as they could be. in perpetual motion. invisible. mostly empty space themselves.

Mostly empty space themselves

The charge in the nucleus of an antimatter hydrogen atoms is __________. exotically different than positives and negatives negative positive neutral, no charge

Negative

If a nitrogen atom and a slightly heavier oxygen atom have equal kinetic energies, which has the greater average speed? nitrogen oxygen both the same need more information

Nitrogen

If no molecules in a body could escape, would the body have any odor? yes no

No

How are most of the elements with nuclei heavier than those of hydrogen and helium formed? Nuclear fusion in stars Nuclear fission in supernovas

Nuclear fusion in stars

Words that describe atoms?

Numerous tiny in perpetual motion empty ageless

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because of gravitational forces. of nuclear forces. atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. of electrical forces. none of the above

Of electrical forces

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of electron shells that surround the nucleus. orbital electrons. neutrons in the nucleus. none of the above

Orbital electrons

Brownian motion is caused by perpetual motion. almost invisible bugs. particles larger than atoms bumping into them. interactions between atoms and molecules. thermal agitation

Particles larger than atoms bumping into them

Dark matter is considered to be __________. plentiful in the universe at the center of all atomic nuclei a local phenomenon a form of dark energy

Plentiful in the universe

An element is distinct because of its number of protons. electrons. neutrons. the total mass of all the particles. none of the above

Protons

Atomic number refers to the number of neutrons in the nucleus. protons in the nucleus. nucleons in the nucleus.

Protons in the nucleus

Heavier atoms are not proportionally larger than lighter atoms due to the greater number of protons pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells. squeezed into tighter spaces. both of these none of these

Pulling surrounding electrons into tighter shells

Which is the smallest particle? proton neutron quark atom molecule

Quark

What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus? Enter the element only.

Radon

Rank the number of shells in these noble-gas atoms from most to least: A. Argon. B. Radon. C. Helium. D. Neon.

Radon, Argon, Neon, Helium

Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the atmosphere, we breathe in at least one of them each day. single breath. month. ten years. can't say for some people breathe a few of Caesar's atoms daily, while others never.

Single Breath

Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, oxygen, iron, calcium are necessary for life. Where do these atoms come from?

Stars

You have a glass of water with an ice cube floating in it. After the ice cube melts, the level of the water will -rise -fall -stay the same

Stay the same

If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world, we would be able to see individual atoms. still not be able to see or photograph an atom. be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them.

Still not be able to see or photograph an atom

Rank from least to greatest, the following in accordance how much of the universe they comprise: A. Dark Energy B. Dark Matter C. Substances made up by atoms in the periodic table

Substances made up by atoms in the periodic table < Dark Matter < Dark Energy

Consider the atoms that make up a baby and the atoms that make up an old man. Which of the following is true?

The atoms in the baby are about the same age as those in the old man. Some of the atoms in the baby are more than 10 billion years old. Some of the atoms in the old man are more than 10 billion years old. Some of the atoms in the baby were likely also at some point in the old man. Some of the atoms in the baby were made by a star.

Why aren't heavier elements much larger than lighter elements? Larger nuclear forces pull the electrons into closer orbits. Larger magnetic forces pull electrons into closer orbits. The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits. Larger gravitational forces pull electrons into closer orbits.

The larger positive charge in the nucleus pulls the electrons into closer orbits

What defines what element an atom is?

The number of protons Atomic Number

What does the atomic number of an element tell you about the element? The number of neutrons in its nucleus The number of nucleons in its nucleus The number of protons in its nucleus The number of electrons in its nucleus

The number of protons in its nucleus

How does the approximate number of atoms in the air in your lungs compare with the number of breaths of air in Earth's atmosphere? The numbers are the about the same, 10^23. There are far more breaths of air in the atmosphere than there are atoms in my lungs. There are far more atoms in my lungs than there are breaths of air in the atmosphere. The numbers are about the same, 10^100.

The numbers are about the same, 10^23

A rope suspending an anchor just below the water line breaks and the anchor sinks to the bottom of the lake. Compare the pressure and bouyant force on the anchor at the bottom of the lake to that just beneath the surface. -The pressure is greater, but the buoyant force is the same -the pressure and buoyant force is greater deeper in the lake -the pressure is the same but the buoyant force is greater -the pressure and buoyant force are both less deeper in the lake -there is more water pressure deeper in the lake, but anchors are heavy and have no buoyant force.

The pressure is greater, but the buoyant force is the same

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are newer. actually older. the same age.

The same age

Why can atoms be seen with an electron beam? The electrons in the beam are removed by interacting with antimatter in the atom. The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom. The electrons in the beam are absorbed by the nucleus of the atom. The electrons in the beam bounce elastically off the electrons in an atom.

The wavelength of the electrons is smaller than an atom

Which of the following statements is true? there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances a large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope there are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances an atom is the smallest particle known to exist none of the above

There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by radiant energy conversion. radioactivity. photosynthesis. thermonuclear fusion. none of the above

Thermonuclear fusion

What occurs when a proton and an antiproton meet? They annihilate each other. They do not interact in any way. They gravitationally repel each other. They electrically repel each other.

They annihilate each other

Which is denser, a steel marble or a steel brick?

They both have the same density

The number of atoms in a common water molecule is __________. two four one three

Three

Which of the following elements has the most mass? iron hydrogen lead uranium all have the same mass

Uranium

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? carbon gold helium uranium iron

Uranium

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? iron helium uranium carbon gold

Uranium

You place an object in a container that is full to the brim with water on a scale. The object floats, but some water spills out. How does the weight of the object compare with the weight of the water displaced? -Weight of object is greater than weight of water displaced -Weight of object is less than weight of water displaced. -Weight of object is equal to weight of water displaced -There is not enough information to decide

Weight of object is equal to weight of water displaced

Who gets cold faster when stuck in a cold rain? What cooks faster? Why?

a skinny person - has less surface area for their weight a large person - has more surface area for their weight all else being the same, more heat is lost when - the surface area of the object is greater all else being the same, less heat is lost when - the surface area is smaller a cake cooks - in more time than a cupcake a cookie cooks - in less time than a cupcake

Which of the following are true in regard to the periodic table?

as you go across a row, the size of the atom decreases as you go across a row, the size of the atom increases the noble gases have filled shells the block structure of the table is due to the electron orbitals and shells atomic number increases by one from one element to the next as you go across a row all atoms of the same element have the same atomic number

The atomic number of an atom

determines what element it is determines the number of protons in the nucleus determines the number of electrons in a neutral atom

The chemical properties of matter are due mostly to their

electrons