PHYSICS 1320 Palomino Exams for Final
When spearing a fish with a regular spear, to compensate for refraction, throw your spear A) below the sighted fish B) directly at the sighted fish C) above the sighted fish
A
Which color of light gets through red glass? A) red B) blue C) cyan
A
Which color of light undergoes the smallest refraction when passing from air to glass? A) violet B) blue. C) orange D) green E) yellow
A
Which of the following is suitable as a minimum shielding for beta particles? A) aluminum B) air C) 1 m of concrete D) 1 cm of lead
A
Which of the following was established by John Dalton? A) atomic theory B) law of conservation of mass and energy C) law of conservation of energy D) law of conservation of mass E) quantum theory
A
What is the voltage across a 5.0-Ω resistor if the current through it is 5.0 A? A) 4.0 V B) 100 V C) 1.0 V D) 25 V
d
A 100 V DC signal is applied to a series circuit composed of four equal resistors 10 Ω each. What is the voltage across each resistor? A) 50 V B) 20 V C) 10 V D) 15 V E) 25 V
e
Four unequal resistors are connected in series with each other. Which one of the following statements is correct about this combination? A) The equivalent resistance is equal to that of any one of the resistors. B) The equivalent resistance is equal to the average of the four resistances. C) The equivalent resistance is less than that of the largest resistor. D) The equivalent resistance is less than that of the smallest resistor. E) The equivalent resistance is more than the largest resistance.
e
A concave lens always produces a virtual image. A) true B) false
A
A metal surface is illuminated with blue light and electrons are ejected at a given rate each with a certain amount of energy. If the intensity of the blue light is increased, electrons are ejected A) at an increased rate with no change in energy per electron. B) at the same rate, but with less energy per electron. C) at the same rate, but with more energy per electron. D) at a reduced rate with no change in energy per electron.
A
A mirage is a result of atmospheric A) refraction. B) aberrations. C) scattering D) dispersion E) reflection
A
A red crab very deep in water, where sunlight is dim, appears A) no color-black. B) red. C) cyan. D) orange.
A
A single raindrop illuminated by sunshine disperses A) all the colors of the rainbow. B) a single color. C) mainly light of mid-frequency colors.
A
A zero value for the Planckʹs constant would mean that the laws of classical physics would apply to quantum physics. A) True B) False
A
According to the uncertainty principle, the more we know about a particleʹs momentum, the less we know about its A) location. B) mass. C) kinetic energy. D) speed. E) none of these
A
All waves have in common a A) vibrating source. B) pattern. C) variable regions of high and low pressure. D) none of the above
A
In order for a photon to eject an electron from a metalʹs surface in the photoelectric effect, the photonʹs A) frequency must be greater than a certain minimum value. B) wavelength must be greater than a certain minimum value. C) momentum must be zero. D) speed must be greater than a certain minimum value.
A
In the periphery of our vision, we are A) sensitive to movement, but cannot see color. B) sensitive to both movement and color. C) more sensitive to low frequencies than high ones. D) insensitive to color and movement.
A
Increasing the brightness of a beam of light without changing its color will increase A) the number of photons per second traveling in the beam. B) the speed of the photons. C) the wavelength of the photons. D) the frequency of the light. E) the energy of each photon.
A
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have ________. A) the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons B) the same atomic numbers but different numbers of protons C) different atomic numbers D) the same atomic numbers but different numbers of electrons E) the same atomic mass but different numbers of protons
A
Light is emitted when an electron A) makes a transition to a lower energy level. B) accelerates to a meduim energy level C) is boosted to a higher energy level D) none of the above
A
Materials generally become warmer when light is A) absorbed by them. B) all of the above C) transmitted by them. D) reflected by them.
A
Polarization is a property of A) transverse waves. B) longitudinal waves C) both of these D) neither of these
A
Polaroid sunglasses reduce much glare by polarization axes that are A) vertical B) at right angles to each other C) horizontal
A
Rainbows are caused by sunlight being A) dispersed, refracted, & reflected. B) refracted. C) reflected. D) dispersed.
A
Refraction causes the bottom of a swimming pool to appear A) closer to the surface than it actually is. B) farther down than it actually is. C) neither of these
A
Refraction occurs when light passing from one medium to another A) changes speed. B) reflects inward. C) changes frequency. D) loses energy.
A
Some alpha particles fired through a gold foil bounce backward by A) electrostatic repulsion when close to gold nuclei. B) making direct hits with gold atoms. C) electrostatic repulsion with the electron clouds of gold atoms. D) all of these E) none of these
A
Stare at a red wall for a few minutes and then gaze at a white wall. Due to retina fatigue you see A) cyan. B) more red. C) black.
A
The Rutherford gold foil experiment demonstrated that atoms A) consist of a dense nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space. B) are visible to the naked eye. C) consist of an almost empty nucleus surrounded by a dense cloud of electrons. D) are homogeneous. E) consist of a single type of subatomic particle.
A
The distance traveled by a wave during a single period is A) one wavelength. B) one-half wavelength. C) two wavelengths. D) none of the above
A
The electron was discovered by the English physicist J. J. Thomson. A) True B) False
A
The energy of light depends on its A) frequency. B) amplitude. C) speed. D) all of the above
A
The process in which a nucleus spontaneously breaks down by emitting radiation is known as ________. A) radioactive decay B) transmutation C) a chain reaction D) transformation E) fusion
A
The ratio of energy to frequency for a given photon gives A) Planckʹs constant. B) its work function. C) its amplitude. D) its velocity
A
The refraction of light in a diamond is greater for A) short-wavelength light. B) long-wavelength light. C) both refract the same
A
The sensation of color is seen when light falls on the eyeʹs A) cones. B) rods. C) both of these D) neither of these
A
Thomas Youngʹs two-source interference patterns demonstrate the A) wave nature of light. B) particle nature of light C) both of these D) neither of these
A
Two sources emit beams of microwaves. The microwaves from source A have a frequency of 10 GHz, and the ones from source B have a frequency of 20 GHz. This is all we know about the two beams. Which of the following statements about these beams are correct? A) A photon in beam B has twice the energy of a photon in beam A. B) A photon in beam B has the same energy as a photon in beam A. C) Beam B carries twice as many photons per second as beam A. D) The intensity of beam B is twice as great as the intensity of beam A. E) None of the above statements are true.
A
Waves diffract the most when their wavelength is A) long. B) short. C) both of these D) neither of these
A
What is a real life example of the photoelectric effect? A) solar cells B) glowsticks C) tungsten light bulb D) fluorescent light bulb
A
What is the term for the collection of narrow bands of light that results from excited atoms of a given element releasing energy? A) emission line spectrum B) electromagnetic spectrum C) radiant energy spectrum D) continuous spectrum E) none of the above
A
When a light ray passes at a non-90° angle from water into air, it A) bends away from the normal. B) travels much slower. C) bends toward the normal.
A
When light is refracted, there is a change in its A) wavelength B) frequency C) both of these D) neither of these
A
Which one of the following numbers is the correct magnification produced by a plane mirror? A) 1 B) 2 C) 1/2 D) 1/4
A) 1
To print blue with a printer with C,Y,M ink, what colors of ink would it use? A) cyan and magneta B) yellow and magenta C) yellow and cyan D) blue
A) cyan and magenta
Object and image for a plane mirror occur A) equal distances from the mirror. B) along the same plane. C) at right angles to each other. D) all of the above E) none of the above
A) equal distances from the mirror
What characteristic of light mostly relates to color? A) frequency B) amplitude C) both of these
A) frequency
A person of height h stands in front of a plane mirror. What is the minimum length of the mirror such that he can see his entire body? A) h/2 B) h/4 C) 2h D) h
A) h/2
Most of the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum are A) invisible. B) blue light. C) red light. D) green light. E) yellow light
A) invisible
Which one of the following lists gives the correct order of the electromagnetic spectrum from low to high frequencies? A) radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays B) radio waves, ultraviolet, x-rays, microwaves, infrared, visible, gamma rays C) radio waves, infrared, x-rays, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, gamma rays D) radio waves, microwaves, visible, x-rays, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays E) radio waves, infrared, microwaves, ultraviolet, visible, x-rays, gamma rays
A) radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays
A convex lens has a focal length f. An object is placed at a distance between f and 2f on a line perpendicular to the center of the lens. The image formed is located at what distance from the lens? A) between f and 2f B) farther than 2f C) f D) 2f E) between the lens and f
B
A convex lens is known as a diverging lens and a concave lens is known as a converging lens. A) true B) false
B
A pair of sunglasses and a pair of clear reading glasses are left in the sunlight. The hotter glasses will be the A) reading glasses. B) sunglasses. C) both of these
B
A postulate in quantum mechanics states energy can be any value. A) True B) False
B
According to one of the assumptions of the Bohr Model, the electron in a hydrogen atom moves in an elliptical orbit about the nucleus. A) True B) False
B
An excited atom decays to its ground state and emits a photon of blue light. If instead the atom decays to an intermediate state, then the light emitted could be A) ultraviolet. B) violet. C) green. D) any of these E) none of these
B
An object that completes 20 vibrations in 10 seconds has a frequency of A) 1 hertz. B) 2 hertz. C) 200 hertz. D) 0.5 hertz.
B
Compared to its average speed in air, the average speed of a beam of light in glass is A) the same. B) less. C) more.
B
Fiber optics are based on the physical phenomena called A) diffusion. B) total internal reflection. C) polarization. D) absorption. E) dispersion.
B
Four unequal resistors are connected in a parallel circuit. Which one of the following statements is correct about this circuit? A) The total resistance is more than the largest resistor. B) The total resistance is less than the smallest resistor. C) The total resistance is equal to average of the four resistors. D) The total resistance is equal to the average of the resistance of all the resistors. E) None of the other answers is correct.
B
Heisenberg is especially noted for his A) wave equation. B) uncertainty principle. C) photoelectric theory. D) improved periodic table. E) dirigible.
B
If absorbed internally, alpha particle emitters are the most damaging because alpha particles A) consist of high energy electrons. B) have the greatest mass. C) have the greatest energy. D) have the largest charge. E) consist of pure energy.
B
If the wavelength of a photon is doubled, what happens to its energy? A) It is reduced by one-fourth. B) It is halved. C) It is doubled. D) It is quadrupled. E) It stays the same.
B
In a double-slit interference experiment you are asked to use laser light of different wavelengths and determine the separation between fringes. You observe that this separation is smallest when you illuminate the double slit with A) red light. B) blue light. C) yellow light. D) green light. E) The separation is the same for all wavelengths.
B
In an atom, the nucleus contains ________. A) all the protons and electrons B) all the protons and neutrons C) only neutrons D) an equal number of protons and electrons E) only protons
B
In which material does light travel fastest? A) glass B) air C) water D) same for all E) plastic
B
In which material does light travel fastest? A) glass B) air C) same for all D) plastic
B
Iodine-123, which is used for diagnostic imaging in the thyroid, has a half-life of 13 hours. If 50.0 mg of I-123 were prepared at 8:00 A.M. on Monday, how many mg would remain at 10:00 A.M. on the following day? A) 6.25 mg B) 12.5 mg C) 25.0 mg D) 3.13 mg E) 50.0 mg
B
Light emitted by the Sun is A) sometimes polarized. B) non polarized C) polarized
B
Photons all travel at the speed of light so they must all have the same energy. A) True B) False
B
Photons are emitted when a bound electron jumps up to a(n) ________ energy state. A) higher B) lower C) zero D) infinite
B
Quantization of electron energy states in an atom is better understood in terms of the electronʹs A) particle nature. B) wave nature. C) neither of these
B
Some light switches glow in the dark after the lights are turned off. This is because of A) incandescence. B) a time delay between excitation and de‐excitation. C) resonance. D) fluorescence. E) none of these
B
The energy of a photon depends on A) its velocity. B) its frequency. C) its amplitude.
B
The highest frequency of visible light is A) red. B) violet. C) green. D) blue E) all the same
B
The superposition (interference) of identical waves affects A) speed B) amplitude C) wavelength D) all of the above
B
To ʺspearʺ a red fish with a red laser beam and compensate for refraction, aim your laser A) below the sighted fish B) directly at the sighted fish C) above the sighted fish
B
Two identical metal bars are heated up until they are both glowing. One of them is ʺred hotʺ and the other is ʺblue hot.ʺ Which one is hotter, the one that glows red or the one that glows blue? A) the red one B) the blue one C) We cannot tell without knowing more about the two bars.
B
Two identical small charged spheres are a certain distance apart, and each one initially experiences an electrostatic force of magnitude F due to the other. With time, charge gradually leaks off of both spheres. When each of the spheres has lost half its initial charge, the magnitude of the electrostatic force will be A) 1/2 F. B) 1/4 F. C) 1/16 F. D) 1/8 F.
B
What is the negatively charged subatomic particle having a negligible mass? A) proton B) electron C) quark D) neutron E) none of the above
B
What is the term for the atomic model that describes electrons circling the nucleus in an orbit of specific energy? A) Thomson atom B) Bohr atom C) Rutherford atom D) quantum mechanical atom E) none of the above
B
When the index of refraction of a transparent material varies with wavelength, the material exhibits A) total internal reflection. B) dispersion. C) density variation. D) reflection. E) polarization.
B
Which of the following changes would increase the separation between the bright fringes in the diffraction pattern formed by a diffraction grating? A) Increase the separation between the slits. B) Increase the wavelength of the light used. C) Immerse the apparatus in water. D) None of these. E) More than one of these.
B
Which one of the following is the correct statement regarding the resistance? A) The resistance of a semiconductor increases with temperature. B) The resistance of a wire is directly proportional to the length of the wire. C) The resistance of a conductor decreases with temperature. D) All of the above statements are correct. E) None of the above statements is correct.
B
The reflection of light from a rough surface is called specular reflection. A) True B) False
B) false
True or False: An opaque object absorbs or reflects light, while a transparaent object allows light to pass through. A) True B) False
B) false
Light travels fastest A) through water. B) in a vacuum. C) through glass. D) through plastic. E) through diamond.
B) in a vacuum
Strictly speaking, to say that an apple is red means that A) is, or appears makes no difference-red is red B) it appears red C) an apple is red
B) it appears red
Diffuse reflection occurs when the size of surface irregularities is A) microscopic. B) large compared to the wavelength of the light used. C) small compared to the wavelength of the light used.
B) large compared to the wavelenght of the light used
The angle of incidence A) may be greater than, less than, or equal to the angle of reflection. B) must equal the angle of reflection. C) is always less than the angle of reflection. D) is always greater than the angle of reflection.
B) must equal the angle of reflection.
What color would be observed when looking at white light through a yellow filter over a magenta filter? A) black B) red C) yellow D) magenta
B) red
If you walk towards a mirror at a certain speed, the relative speed between you and your image is A) your speed. B) twice your speed. C) half your speed. D) none of the above
B) twice your speed
A 100 V DC signal is applied to four resistors as shown in Figure 21-4. The values of the resistors are 20 Ω, 40 Ω, 60 Ω, and 80 Ω. What is the voltage across the 40 Ω resistor? A) 100 V B) 80 V C) 20 V D) 60 V E) 40 V
C
A blue photon A) has a longer wavelength than a red photon and travels with a greater speed. B) has a longer wavelength than a red photon and travels with the same speed. C) has a smaller wavelength than a red photon and travels with the same speed. D) has a smaller wavelength than a red photon and travels with a greater speed.
C
A certain object emits infrared waves. If it were to emit visible light waves instead, its temperature would have to be A) lower. B) the same, temperature doesnʹt make any difference. C) higher.
C
A light beam composed of red and blue light is incident upon a rectangular glass plate, as shown in Fig. 22 -2. The light emerges into the air from point P as two separate beams A) that are parallel, with the red beam displaced below the blue beam. B) that are not parallel, with the red beam displaced below the blue beam. C) that are parallel, with the blue beam displaced below the red beam. D) that are not parallel, with the blue beam displaced below the red beam.
C
A ray of light goes from one transparent material into another, as shown in the figure. What can you conclude about the indices of refraction of these two materials? A) n1 ≥ n2 B) n1 = n2 C) n1 > n2 D) n2 > n1 E) n2 ≥ n1
C
A white boat sunk in water where sunlight is dim appears A) no color-black. B) yellow. C) cyan. D) red.
C
If an electron vibrates up and down 1000 times each second, it generates an electromagnetic wave having a A) wavelength of 1000 m. B) amplitude of 1000 m. C) frequency of 1000 Hz. D) speed of 1000 m/s. E) period of 1000 s.
C
If the color spectrum ranges from red to violet, then it ranges from A) long wavelengths to short wavelengths. B) low frequencies to high frequencies. C) both of these D) neither of these
C
If wavelengths of emitted light become longer, the energy of light A) increases. B) remains constant. C) decreases. D) none of the above
C
Krypton-79 has a half-life of 35 hours. How many half-lives have passed after 105 hours? A) 1 half-life B) 2 half-lives C) 3 half-lives D) 4 half-lives E) 5 half-lives
C
Rainbows are not usually seen as complete circles because A) they have no bottom part. B) they are actually elliptical. C) the ground is usually in the way. D) rainbows are actually arched shaped. E) rain drops are not perfectly round.
C
The Bohr model of the atom is akin to a A) blob of plum pudding, where raisins represent atomic nuclei. B) central heavy ball with lighter balls connected by springs. C) miniature solar system. D) all of these
C
The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom was not able to explain A) the wavelengths of the emission lines in the ultraviolet range. B) the wavelengths of the emission lines in the infrared range. C) the cause of why some emission lines were brighter than other emission lines. D) None of the above; the Bohr model explained all of these features.
C
The absorption of an infrared photon that excites an atom to emit a green photon A) occurs in plants. B) occurs in the process of phosphorescence. C) violates the law of energy conservation. D) all of these E) none of these
C
The fanning out of waves (diffraction) upon passing through an opening is more pronounced through A) large openings. B) same for each C) small openings. D) none of the above
C
The phenomenon that can NOT be explained only in terms of the wave model of light is A) diffraction. B) refraction. C) photoelectric effect. D) reflection. E) None of the above choices are correct.
C
The photoelectric effect is explainable assuming A) that light is an electromagnetic phenomena. B) that light has a wave nature C) that light has a particle nature. D) that light has a wave nature and a particle nature
C
The type of lens that always spreads parallel light is a A) combination of converging-diverging lens. B) converging lens. C) diverging lens.
C
Two continuous waves having the same wavelength and amplitude pass through the same medium. They are aligned crest to crest and trough to trough so that they interfere. The resulting wave has A) the same wavelength and the same amplitude. B) twice the wavelength and the same amplitude (or height) as each of the individual waves. C) the same wavelength and twice the amplitude. D) zero amplitude. E) twice the wavelength and twice the amplitude.
C
What do the raisins represent in the raisin pudding model of the atom? A) neutrons B) protons C) electrons D) nuclei E) none of the above
C
What does the pudding represent in the plum pudding model of the atom? A) heterogeneous negative charge B) homogeneous negative charge C) homogeneous positive charge D) heterogeneous positive charge E) none of the above
C
What is a photon? A) one form of a nucleon, one of the particles that makes up the nucleus B) an electron in an excited state C) a small packet of electromagnetic energy that has particle-like properties D) an electron that has been made electrically neutral
C
When Rutherford had a stream of alpha particles hit a gold foil, most of the particles A) bounced back. B) spiraled. C) went almost straight through. D) stopped.
C
When light goes from one material into another material having a HIGHER index of refraction A) its speed decreases but its frequency and wavelength stay the same. B) its speed, wavelength, and frequency all decrease. C) its speed and wavelength decrease, but its frequency stays the same. D) its speed decreases but its wavelength and frequency both increase. E) its speed increases, its wavelength decreases, and its frequency stays the same.
C
When visible light is incident upon clear glass, atoms in the glass A) convert the light energy into internal energy. B) resonate. C) are forced into vibration.
C
When waves from a pair of closely-spaced slits arrive in phase (constructive interference) A) both bright and dark fringes are produced. B) a dark fringe is produced. C) a bright fringe is produced. D) none of the above
C
Which of the following describes an experiment that demonstrates that light is a wave? A) If you allow light from a transparency projector to hit a small container full of water placed in front of the projector, you can see an interference pattern in the water. B) If you let light pass through a narrow ʺslitʺ formed by your fingers, you can detect the energy transfer as the light passes through your fingers. C) If you let light pass through a narrow ʺslitʺ formed by your fingers, you can see an interference pattern. D) If you allow light from a transparency projector to hit a small container full of water placed in front of the projector, you can detect an energy transfer as the light enters the water.
C
Which of the following gives the correct numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of 118/50 Sn? A) 50 protons, 50 neutrons, 50 electrons B) 118 protons, 118 neutrons, 50 electrons C) 50 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons D) 68 protons, 68 neutrons, 50 electrons E) 118 protons, 50 neutrons, 118 electrons
C
Which of the following types of radiation has the highest energy? A) visible light B) α-particles C) γ-rays D) β-particles E) All of these have the same energy.
C
You can get a sunburn while under the ʺshadeʺ of a beach umbrella due to A) refracted sunlight from the water. B) light scattering in the air. C) reflected sunlight from the sand. D) none of the above
C
If we double the frequency of a wave, which of the following statements about that wave is true? A) The amplitude is doubled. B) The wavelength is doubled. C) The period is reduced to one-half of what it was.
C) The period is reduced to one-half of what it was.
Is it possible to see a virtual image? A) No, since virtual images do not really exist. B) Yes, but only by using an additional lens to form a real image before the light reaches the eye. C) Yes because the rays that appear to come from a virtual image can be focused by the eye just like those from an object. D) No, since the rays that seem to emanate from a virtual image do not in fact emanate from the image.
C) Yes because the rays that appear to come from a virtual image can be focused by the eye just like those from an object.
If a light signal and a radio signal were emitted simultaneously from Alpha Centauri, the first to reach Earth would be the A) light signal. B) radio signal. C) both the same time
C) botht the same time
Complementary colors are two colors that A) look good together. B) are additive primary colors. C) produce white light when added together. D) are subtractive primary colors. E) are right for each other.
C) produce white light when added together.
What color would be observed when looking at white light through a red filter over a green filter? A) black B) magenta C) yellow D) red
C) yellow
A blueberry will look black when illuminated with A) cyan light. C) magenta light. B) blue light. D) yellow light.
D
A convex lens has a focal length f. An object is placed between infinity and 2f from the lens along a line perpendicular to the center of the lens. The image is located at what distance from the lens? A) farther than 2f B) f C) between the lens and f D) between f and 2f E) 2f
D
A setting Sun appears red due to A) lower frequencies of light emitted during sunset. B) absorption by smaller particles in the air. C) scattering of lower frequencies by larger particles in the air. D) lightʹs longer path through air at sunset.
D
An atom is excited when one or more of its electrons A) undergoes a frequency change. C) becomes frantic. B) vibrates. D) is boosted into higher energy levels.
D
An atom that absorbs a certain amount of energy can then emit A) a photon of the same or higher energy. B) only a photon of that energy C) a photon of any energy. D) a photon of the same or lower energy
D
An object is placed in front of a lens which forms an image of the object. A) If the image is virtual, then it is also inverted. B) If the lens is convex, the image cannot be virtual. C) If the image is real, then it is also upright. D) If the image is real, then it is also inverted. E) If the image is virtual, the lens must be a diverging lens.
D
As an electron moves in the direction the E field lines A) it is moving from the field's low potential to high potential and the electric potential energy of the system electron-electric field is increasing. B) it is moving from the field's low potential to high potential and the electric potential energy of the system electron-electric field is decreasing. C) it is moving from the field's high potential to low potential and the electric potential energy of the system electron-electric field is decreasing. D) it is moving from the field's high potential to low potential and the electric potential energy of the system electron-electric field is increasing. E) both the electric potential and electric potential energy of the system electron-electric field remain constant.
D
Farsightedness can usually be corrected with A) diverging lenses. B) achromatic lenses. C) cylindrical lenses. D) converging lenses.
D
In the sun, nuclei of hydrogen combine to form a larger nucleus and release a great amount of energy. The process is known as ________. A) chain reaction B) ionization C) fission D) fusion E) metathesis
D
Regarding the charges of the electron, proton and neutron: A) the proton has a positive charge, the electron has a much smaller negative charge, and the neutron has no charge. B) these objects are charged only when they reside in an ionized atom; otherwise, all three are uncharged. C) the electron has a negative charge, the proton has a positive charge, and the neutron has a charge that can be positive or negative or zero depending on the ionization of the atom in which it resides. D) the proton has a positive charge, the electron has a negative charge whose strength is equal to the strength of the protonʹs charge, and the neutron has no charge. E) the proton has a positive charge, the neutron has a negative charge whose strength is equal to that of the protonʹs charge, and the electron has no charge.
D
See Fig. 23-4. When two parallel white rays pass through the outer edges of a converging glass lens, chromatic aberration will cause colors to appear on the screen in what order, from the top down? A) blue, blue, red, red B) red, blue, red, blue C) blue, red, blue, red D) blue, red, red, blue E) red, blue, blue, red
D
Some minerals glow when illuminated with ultraviolet light. This is because A) of selective reflection. B) of selective transmission. C) ultraviolet photons have such high energy. D) ultraviolet photons excites atomic electrons in the mineral into higher energy states. E) none of these
D
Superposition (interference) of waves can produce A) partial cancellation. B) cancellation. C) reinforcement D) all the above
D
The LEDs that make up the color on some TV screens are A) magenta, cyan, yellow. B) red, green, yellow. C) yellow, blue, green. D) red, blue, green.
D
The critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.8°. This means that all light rays with an angle of incidence greater than this angle will be A) absorbed. B) totally transmitted. C) totally polarized. D) totally reflected. E) partially reflected and partially transmitted.
D
The emission of light of lower frequency after illumination by a higher frequency is referred to as A) stimulated emission. B) absorption. C) coherence. D) fluorescence.
D
The half-life of a radioisotope is A) the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half of the atomic weight of the original radioisotope. B) the time it takes for the radioisotope to lose one-half of its neutrons. C) the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half the atomic number of the original radioisotope. D) the time it takes for one-half of the sample to decay to a new isotope. E) one-half of the time it takes for the radioisotope to completely decay to a nonradioactive isotope.
D
The secondary rainbow is dimmer than the primary rainbow mainly because A) its colors are inverted. B) it is farther from the viewer. C) it is larger, and its energy is spread over more area. D) of an extra reflection and refraction in the drops. E) it simply has less energy than the primary bow.
D
The sky is blue because air molecules in the sky act as tiny A) prisms. B) sources of white light. C) mirrors which reflect only blue light. D) atmospheric particles scatter blue light. E) none of the above
D
When a light ray in air enters water at 15° from the normal, it A) always bends away from the normal. B) does not bend. C) sometimes bends towards or away from the normal. D) always bends toward the normal.
D
When an atom of uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons, it splits into smaller nuclei and produces a great amount of energy. This nuclear process is called ________. A) ionization B) fusion C) chain reaction D) fission E) decomposition
D
When sunlight illuminates a page from your Conceptual Physics book it A) reflects most of it. B) absorbs at the text lettering. C) neither of these D) both of these
D
Which model of the atom reflects the unpredictable motion of the electron? A) Nuclear model B) Bohr's model C) Plum pudding model D) electron cloud model
D
At which, if any, of the points indicated in Fig. 23-3 should you place your eye if you wish to see an image of the arrow in the mirror? A) A B) B C) C D) D
D) D
A ʺwaveʺ could best be defined as A) a transfer of molecules from one point to another along the direction of motion, where the molecules are bunched into groups. B) a transfer of a disturbance from one point to another without any corresponding transfer of energy. C) a vibrational motion of matter. D) a transfer of a disturbance from one point to another without any corresponding transfer of matter.
D) a transfer of a disturbance from one point to another without any corresponding transfer of matter.
Your friend says that any radio wave travels appreciably faster than any sound wave. A) agree with your friend for most common cases B) disagree with your friend C) find a new friend D) agree with your friend unconditionally
D) agree with your friend unconditionally
What color would a yellow object when illuminated with a cyan light appear? A) black B) blue C) yellow D) green E) cyan
D) green
Two electromagnetic waves are traveling at the same speed. The wave with the higher wavelength A) is traveling faster than the other wave. B) is traveling slower than the other wave. C) has a higher frequency than the other wave. D) has a lower frequency than the other wave.
D) has a lower frequency than the other wave.
Your image in a plane mirror is A) real. B) both of these C) neither of these D) virtual.
D) virtual
All of the isotopes of elements with atomic numbers of 84 and higher are radioactive because A) strong repulsions between their nuclei make them unstable. B) strong repulsions between the neutrons make their nuclei unstable. C) their mass number is larger than their atomic number. D) strong repulsions between their electrons make them unstable. E) strong repulsions between the protons make their nuclei unstable.
E
If sunlight were green instead of white, the most comfortable color to wear on a cold day would be A) blue. B) green. C) yellow. D) violet. E) magenta.
E
Light traveling at an angle into a denser medium is refracted A) parallel to the normal. B) away from the normal. C) perpendicular to the normal. D) equally. E) toward the normal.
E
Shown here in Fig. 22-1 are some possible paths that a light ray can follow in going either from glass to air or from air into glass. In the drawing you are not told whether the light is going from left to right or from right to left. Which path did the light follow? A) path C B) path D C) path G D) path F E) path E
E
The nuclear symbol of helium, 42/2 He, is also the symbol for a(n) ________. A) neutron B) beta particle C) proton D) gamma ray E) alpha particle
E
When a nucleus of U-238 captures a neutron in a bombardment reaction, what atom is produced? A) Rn-222 B) Po-227 C) U-235 D) U-237 E) U-239
E
The part of the electromagnetic spectrum most absorbed by water is A) higher frequencies in the visible. B) middle frequencies in the visible. C) lower frequencies in the visible. D) ultraviolet. E) infrared.
E) infrared
A 4-Ω resistor is connected in parallel with a 12-Ω resistor and this combination is connected to a 6-V DC power supply as shown in Figure 21-10. What is the current through the 12-Ω resistor? A) 0.5 A B) 3.0 A C) 2.5 A D) 1.5 A E) 2.0 A
a
A component with a 17 Ω resistor is rated for use at power levels not exceeding 14 W. How much current can safely flow through the component? A) 0.82 A B) 0.22 A C) 238 A D) 1.21 A
a
How many electrons are necessary to produce 1.0 C of negative charge? (e = 1.60 × 10-19 C) A) 6.3 × 1018 B) 6.3 × 109 C) 1.6 × 1019 D) 1.6 × 109 E) 6.0 × 1023
a
If a quantity you calculated has units of Ω what is that quantity? A) resistance B) charge C) resistivity D) potential E) capacitance
a
Suppose that the electric force between two objects is 2 N and that you then halve the distance between the objects. The new force is A) 8 N. B) 1 N. C) 0.25 N. D) 0.5 N. E) 4 N.
a
The atomic nucleus contains A) protons and neutrons. B) protons and electrons. C) protons only. D) neutrons and electrons. E) yogurt.
a
The electrical force between charges is strongest when the charges are A) close together. B) far apart. C) The electric force is constant everywhere.
a
The unit of electric charge, the coulomb, is the charge on A) a specific large number of electrons. B) a neutron. C) a quark. D) a specific number of neutrons. E) one electron.
a
Three resistors of resistances 4.0 Ω, 6.0 Ω, and 10 Ω are connected in parallel. If this combination is now connected to an ideal 12-V battery, what is the current through the 10-Ω resistor? A) 1.2 A B) .0.83 A C) 2.7 A D) 11 A
a
What is the current through a wire if 0.67 C of charge pass a point in the wire in 0.30 s? A) 2.2 A B) 0.20 A C) 0.30 A D) 0.67 A
a
What should be the resistance of a light bulb in order for it to draw a 2 amp current when plugged into a 120-volt outlet? A) 60 ohms B) 480 ohms C) 1/30 ohm D) 1/60 ohm E) 30 ohms
a
When there is electric current through a metal wire, the moving charges are A) only electrons. B) negative metal ions. C) only protons. D) both protons and electrons. E) positive metal ions.
a
X and Y are two initially uncharged metal spheres on insulating stands, and they are in contact with each other. A positively charged rod R is brought close to X as shown in part (a) of the figure. Sphere Y is now moved away from X, as shown in part (b). What are the final charge states of X and Y? A) X is negative and Y is positive. B) X is neutral and Y is positive. C) Both X and Y are neutral. D) X is positive and Y is neutral. E) Both X and Y are negative.
a
A 100-W resistance heater is connected to a 110-V dc source. What is the current through the heater? A) 2.2 A B) 0.91 A C) 3.3 A D) 4.4 A E) 1.1 A
b
A 4-Ω resistor is connected in parallel with a 12-Ω resistor and this combination is connected to a DC power supply with voltage V as shown in Figure 21-3. If the total current in this circuit is 2 A, what is the value of voltage V? A) 2 V B) 6 V C) 1.5 V D) 3 V E) None of the other answers is correct.
b
A negatively-charged rod is brought close to (but does not touch) two neutral spheres that are in contact with each other but insulated from the ground. If the two spheres are then separated, what kind of charge will be on the spheres? A) The sphere near the charged rod becomes negative and the other one becomes positive. B) The sphere near the charged rod becomes positive and the other one becomes negative. C) The spheres do not get any charge. D) Both spheres become negative. E) Both spheres become positive.
b
A positive charge and a negative charge held near each other are released. As they move, the force on each particle A) decreases. B) increases. C) stays the same.
b
Four unequal resistors are connected in a parallel with each other. Which one of the following statements is correct about this combination? A) The equivalent resistance is midway between the largest and smallest resistance. B) The equivalent resistance is less than that of the smallest resistor. C) The equivalent resistance is equal to the average of the four resistances. D) The equivalent resistance is more than the largest resistance. E) None of the other choices is correct.
b
In the circuit shown in the figure, all the lightbulbs are identical. Which of the following is the correct ranking of the brightness of the bulbs? A) All three bulbs have the same brightness. B) A is the brightest, and B and C have equal brightness but less than A. C) A is brightest, C is dimmest, and B is in between. D) A and B have equal brightness, and C is the dimmest. E) B and C have equal brightness, and A is the dimmest.
b
Two stationary point charges q1 and q2 are shown in the figure along with a sketch of some field lines representing the electric field produced by them. What can you deduce from the sketch? A) q1 is positive and q2 is negative; the magnitude of q1 is greater than the magnitude of q2. B) q1 is negative and q2 is positive; the magnitude of q1 is less than the magnitude of q2. C) q1 and q2 have the same sign; the magnitude of q1 is greater than the magnitude of q2. D) q1 is negative and q2 is positive; the magnitudes are equal. E) q1 and q2 have the same sign; the magnitudes are equal.
b
Which one of the following is a correct statement for a number of resistors connected in series or parallel? A) The flow of current is different through resistors connected in a series circuit. B) The total resistance in a parallel circuit decreases as more resistors are added. C) The voltage is different across resistors connected in a parallel circuit. D) The total resistance in a series circuit decreases as more resistors are added. E) None of the above statements is correct.
b
A 4000-Ω resistor is connected across a 220-V power source. What is the current through the resistor? A) 18 A B) 5.5 A C) 0.055 A D) 1.8 A
c
A 60-W light bulb and a 100-W light bulb are connected in series to a 120 V outlet. Which light bulb has more current in it? A) the 100-W bulb B) the 60-W bulb C) Both have the same current
c
A 9 Volt battery is hooked up to two resistors in series. One has a resistance of 5 Ohms, and the other has a resistance of 10 Ohms. Several locations along the circuit are marked with letters, as shown in Figure 19.6. Through which resistor is energy being dissipated at the higher rate? (Figure 19.6) A) Energy is being dissipated by both resistors at the same rate. B) The 5 Ohm resistor. C) The 10 Ohm resistor.
c
A negatively charged rod is held near a metal can that rests on a dry wood table. If you touch the opposite side of the can momentarily with your finger the can is then A) negatively charged. B) completely discharged. C) positively charged. D) partially discharged. E) discharged only on the side touched.
c
Four resistors having resistances of 20 Ω, 40 Ω, 60 Ω, and 80 Ω are connected in series across an ideal 50-V dc source. What is the current through each resistor? A) 4.0 A B) 0.50 A C) 0.25 A D) 0.75 A E) 2.0 A
c
The current through two identical light bulbs connected in series is 0.25 A. The voltage across both bulbs is 110 V. The resistance of a single light bulb is A) 44 ohms. B) 440 ohms. C) 220 ohms. D) 22 ohms. E) none of these
c
The lamps in a string of decorative lights are connected in parallel across a constant-voltage power source. What happens if one lamp burns out? (Assume negligible resistance in the wires leading to the lamps.) A) The other lamps get brighter, but some get brighter than others. B) The other lamps get dimmer, but some get dimmer than others. C) The brightness of the lamps will not change appreciably. D) The other lamps get dimmer equally. E) The other lamps get brighter equally.
c
Three resistors with resistances of 2.0 Ω, 6.0 Ω, and 12 Ω are connected across an ideal dc voltage source V = 2.0 V, as shown in the figure. What is the total current I through this circuit? A) 6.0 A B) 2.0 A C) 1.5 A D) 3.0 A E) 0.70 A
c
Which statement is correct? A) Current is the primary cause of voltage. B) Voltage flows through an open or a closed circuit. C) Charge flows in a closed circuit. D) Resistance flows though an open circuit.
c
A batteryʹs ʺvoltageʺ is A) the amount of kinetic energy it gives to each electron. B) the amount of electrical charge it can send around an electrical circuit in every second. C) the amount of electrical current it produces. D) the amount of energy it gives to each coulomb of electrical charge. E) the amount of electrical resistance it can overcome.
d
An electron is initially moving to the right when it enters a uniform electric field directed upwards. Which trajectory shown in Figure 17.10 will the electron follow? (Figure 17.10) A) Trajectory W B) Trajectory X C) Trajectory Y D) Trajectory Z
d
Identical light bulbs are attached to identical batteries, as shown in Figure 19.7. The ranking (from lowest to highest) of the total power emitted from the light bulb(s) is (Figure 19.7) A) C, B, A B) A, B, C C) C, A, B D) B, A, C E) A, C, B
d
If two objects are electrically attracted to each other, A) one object must be negatively charged and the other object must be positively charged. B) both objects must be positively charged. C) both objects must be negatively charged. D) one of the objects could be electrically neutral. E) None of the above statements are absolutely true.
d
The electric field inside the dome of a Van de Graaff generator A) depends on the volume of the dome B) depends on the amount of charge the outside of dome. C) Choices A and B are both correct. D) None of the above choices are correct..
d
Two small electrically charged objects are placed 12 centimeters (cm) apart, where they exert a force of 2 N on each other. How far apart must they be placed in order to exert at force of 8 N on each other? A) 9 cm B) 48 cm C) 3 cm D) 24 cm E) 6 cm
d
When a transparency sheet is rubbed with a tissue and the transparency and tissue are then held at rest a short distance apart, A) the two objects exert electric forces on each other, because the electron orbits in the two objects are all put into the same alignment. B) the transparency and the tissue exert magnetic forces on each other, because the electron orbits in the two objects are all put into the same alignment. C) a spark will jump between them, because the rubbing causes electrons to jump from one object to the other. D) the two objects exert electric forces on each other, because electrons are rubbed off of one and onto the other. E) the two objects exert magnetic forces on each other, because electrons are rubbed off of one and onto the other.
d
You obtain a 100-W light bulb and a 50-W light bulb. Instead of connecting them in the normal way, you devise a circuit that places them in series across normal household voltage. Which statement about these bulbs is correct? A) Both bulbs glow with the same brightness, but less than their normal brightness. B) Both bulbs glow with the same brightness, but more than their normal brightness. C) The 100-W bulb glows brighter than the 50-W bulb. D) The 50-W bulb glows more brightly than the 100-W bulb.
d
The figure shows three identical lightbulbs connected to a battery having a constant voltage across its terminals. What happens to the brightness of lightbulb 1 when the switch S is closed? A) The brightness decreases permanently. B) The brightness will increase momentarily then return to its previous level. C) The brightness remains the same as before the switch is closed. D) The brightness will decrease momentarily then return to its previous level. E) The brightness increases permanently.
e
Two charges separated by one meter exert 1-N forces on each other. If the charges are pulled to 3-m separation distance, the force on each charge will be A) 0.33 N. B) 3 N. C) 0 N. D) 9 N. E) 0.11 N
e
Two uncharged metal spheres, #1 and #2, are mounted on insulating support rods. A third metal sphere, carrying a positive charge, is then placed near #2. Now a copper wire is momentarily connected between #1 and #2 and then removed. Finally, sphere #3 is removed. In this final state A) spheres #1 and #2 both carry negative charge. B) spheres #1 and #2 are still uncharged. C) sphere #1 carries negative charge and #2 carries positive charge. D) spheres #1 and #2 both carry positive charge. E) sphere #1 carries positive charge and #2 carries negative charge
e