Physics Chapter 1 Test

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What is Physics

-Physics uses the scientific method to discover general laws that can be used to make predictions about a variety of situations. -A common technique in physics for analyzing a complex situation is to disregard irrelevant factors and create a model that describes the essence of a system or situation

The scientific method

1.Make observations and collect data that lead to a question 2.Formulate and objectively test hypotheses by experiments 3.interpret results, and revise the hypothesis if necessary 4.State conclusions in a form that can be evaluated by others

A room is measured to be 3.6 m by 5.8 m. What is the area of the room?

21 m(squared)

A light-year (ly) is a unit of distance defined as the distance light travels in one year. Numerically, 1 ly= 9 500 000 000 000 km. How many meters are in a light-year?

9.5×10^15m

Relativity

particles moving at any speed, including very high speeds ex)particle collisions, particle accelerators, nuclear energy

10^15

peta- P

10^-12

pico- p

Difference between accuracy and precision

Accuracy-describes how close a measurement is to reality. Precision-results from the limitations of the measuring device used

What area of physics deals with the behavior of subatomic particles?

quantum mechanics

Which of the following statements is true of any valid physical equation?

Both sides have the same dimensions

Vibrations and wave phenomena

specific types of repetitive motions ex)springs, pendulums, sound

What term describes a set of particles or interacting components considered to be a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study?

system

10^12

tera- T

What is physics the study of

Physics is the study of the physical world, from motion and energy to light and electricity

Physics measurements are typically made and expressed in

SI, a system that uses a set of base units and prefixes to describe measurements of physical quantities

Quantity-mass

Symbol-m Units-kilograms abbreviations-kg

Quantity-time interval

Symbol-Δt Units-seconds abbreviations-s

Quantity- change in vertical position

Symbol-Δy Units-meters abbreviations-m

If you do not keep your line of sight directly over a length measurement, how will your measurement most likely be affected?

Your measurement will be less accurate

accuracy

a description of how close a measurement is to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured

Model

a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept

Order-of-magnitude calculations provide

a quick way to evaluate the appropriateness of an answer

System

a set of particles or interacting components considered to be a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study

significant figures of a measurement include

all of the digits that are actually measured plus one estimated digit

controlled experiment

an experiment that tests only one factor at a time by using a comparison of a control group with an experimental group

hypothesis

an explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested

10^-18

atto- a

Quantum mechanics

behavior of submicroscopic particles ex) atom and its parts

10^-2

centi- c

10^-1

deci- d

Significant-figure rules provide a means to ensure that calculations

do not report results that are more precise than the data used to make them

Electromagnetism

electricity, magnetism and light ex)electrical charge, circuitry, permanent magnets, electromagnets

10^-15

emto- f

10^18

exa- E

10^9

giga- G

precision

he degree of exactness of a measurement

Thermodynamics

heat and temperature ex)melting and freezing processes, engines,refrigerators

10^3

kilo- k

Optics

light ex)mirrors, lenses, color, astronomy

10^6

mega- M

What is the SI base unit for length?

meter

10^-6

micro-μ(Greek letter mu)

10^-3

milli- m

Mechanics

motion and its causes, interactions between objects ex) falling objects, friction, weight, spinning objects

10^-9

nano- n

What technique can help you determine the power of 10 closest to the actual numerical value of a quantity?

order-of-magnitude estimation

What area of physics deals with the subjects of heat and temperature?

thermodynamics

significant figures

those digits in a measurement that are known with certainty plus the first digit that is uncertain

Dimensional analysis can help identify

whether a physics equation is invalid


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