Physics Final

Flatten a spherical meatball into a hamburger and you increase its A) surface area. B) volume. C) both of these D) none of these

A

A 2-kg box of taffy candy has 40 J of potential energy relative to the ground. Its height above the ground is A) 1 m. B) 2 m. C) 3 m. D) 4 m. E) none of the above

B

If you quickly run toward the orchestra at a concert, the frequency of the sound you hear will A) decreased. B) increased. C) neither of these

B

If you throw a ball straight downward (in the absence of air resistance), after leaving your hand its acceleration is A) less than 10 m/s2. B) 10 m/s2. C) greater than 10 m/s2.

B

In choosing between sound waves and radio waves, which has the greater speed? A) sound wave B) radio wave C) both the same D) need more information

B

Inertia is defined as a A) force. B) property of matter. C) change in motion. D) none of the above

B

Internal energy in thermodynamics is the same as A) temperature. B) thermal energy. C) heat. D) all of the above

B

Which of these is a transverse wave? A) a Slinky shaken to and fro. B) a radio wave C) a sound wave D) all of the above E) none of the above

B

Which potato cooks faster in boiling oil? A) a whole potato. B) a sliced potato. C) both the same

B

Which potatoes when peeled produce the most peelings? A) 10 kg of large potatoes B) 10 kg of small potatoes C) both the same

B

While a rock thrown upward at 50 degrees to the horizontal rises, neglecting air drag, its horizontal component of velocity A) increases. B) remains unchanged. C) decreases.

B

While you are standing in the aisle of a bus, the driver suddenly makes a left turn. You lurch to the right due to A) an unbalanced force. B) your tendency to keep moving forward. C) an equilibrium challenge.

B

Who envisioned the motion of planets as projectiles obeying the laws of physics? A) Kepler B) Newton C) both of these D) neither of these

B

You can swing your legs to and fro more frequently when your legs are A) straight. B) bent. C) same either way

B

You drive your car at a constant 60 km/h along the highway. You apply the brakes until the car slows to 40 km/h. If at that moment you suddenly release the brakes, the car tends to A) momentarily regain its higher initial speed. B) continue moving at 40 km/h. C) decrease in speed if no other forces act.

B

Your hand is warmed when you blow on it with your mouth open, but when your lips are puckered so that air expands as you blow, your hand is A) warmer still. B) cooler. C) neither warmer nor cooler.

B

A bag of groceries that has a mass of 10 kilograms weighs about A) 1 N. B) 10 N. C) 100 N. D) 1000 N. E) greater than 1000 N.

C

A ball is thrown vertically into the air. Because of air resistance, its time coming down compared to its time going up is A) less. B) the same. C) more.

C

A block of ice sliding down an incline has half its maximum kinetic energy A) at the top. B) at the bottom. C) halfway down. D) need more information

C

The speed of sound depends on A) its frequency. B) its amplitude. C) the medium in which it travels. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

The weight of a 1-centimer cubed metal cube scaled up by a factor of 10 will be A) ten times as much. B) a hundred times as much. C) a thousand times as much. D) none of the above

C

To catch a fast-moving ball, you extend your hand forward before contact with the ball and let it ride backward in the direction of the ball's motion. Doing this reduces the force of contact on your hand principally because the A) force of contact is reduced. B) relative velocity is less. C) time of contact is increased. D) time of contact is decreased. E) none of the above

C

To drop a package to Earth from a satellite, project it A) straight downward. B) ahead at satellite speed. C) behind at satellite speed. D) none of the above

C

Tripling the linear size of an object multiplies its area by A) 3 and its volume by 9. B) 9 and its volume by 18. C) 9 and its volume by 27. D) 27 and its volume by 81. E) none of the above

C

Two factors that greatly affect air resistance on falling objects are frontal area and A) mass. B) weight. C) speed.

C

When a pair of 10-N forces act on a box of candy, the net force on the box is A) zero. B) about 14 N. C) 20 N. D) Any of the above depending on the directions of forces.

D

When the Sun shines on the Moon, the Moon casts a shadow A) at all times. B) that is tapered. C) that sometimes falls on Earth. D) all of the above

D

Which concept is being illustrated when a tablecloth is quickly yanked beneath dishes resting on a table? A) equilibrium B) friction C) support force D) inertia

D

Which geometrical shape has the least surface area for a given volume? A) cube B) pyramid C) cylinder D) sphere E) none of the above

D

Which of the following elements has the most mass? A) hydrogen B) iron C) lead D) uranium E) all have the same mass

D

Which of the following is a vector quantity? A) area B) volume C) mass D) none of the above

D

Which of these vary for satellites in elliptical orbits? A) speed. B) momentum. C) kinetic energy. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

A sound wave is a A) longitudinal wave. B) transverse wave. C) all of the above D) none of the above

A

An apple weighs 1 N. When the apple is held at rest above your head, the net force on the apple is A) 0 N. B) 0.1 N. C) 1 N. D) 9.8 N. E) none of the above

A

Earth's atmosphere gets most of its heat from the A) Sun. B) Earth's core. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

Earth's primary energy source is A) the Sun. B) fossil fuel. C) electricity. D) geothermal.

A

Eight little spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere. Compared to the combined surface areas of the eight little spheres, the surface area of the big sphere is A) less. B) the same. C) greater.

A

One liter of water has a mass of A) 1 kilogram. B) 14.7 grams. C) 500 grams. D) none of the above

A

A quantity of water has more entropy when it is A) frozen ice. B) boiling. C) at room temperature.

B

A torque acting on an object tends to produce A) equilibrium. B) rotation. C) linear motion. D) velocity. E) a center of gravity.

B

As soon as a bowling ball rolls off the edge of a table its horizontal component of velocity A) decreases. B) remains constant. C) increases.

B

Two protons removed from an oxygen nucleus result in A) nitrogen. B) carbon. C) helium. D) neon. E) positively charged oxygen.

B

A shoe on an inclined surface barely remains at rest when friction equals the A) weight mg of the shoe. B) component of mg perpendicular to the surface. C) component of mg parallel to the surface. D) none of the above

C

The exhaust product from a hydrogen fuel cell is A) carbon dioxide. B) methane. C) pure water. D) nitric acid.

C

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying twice the force is A) half as much. B) twice as much. C) four times as much. D) the same amount.

C

Wave interference occurs in A) transverse waves. B) longitudinal waves. C) both of the above D) none of the above

C

A hydraulic jack is used to lift objects such as automobiles. If the input force is 200 N over a distance of 1 meter, the output force over a distance of 0.1 meter is ideally A) 200 N. B) 500 N. C) 1000 N. D) 2000 N. E) none of the above

D

A hydraulic press has its input piston depressed 20 centimeters while the output piston is raised 1 centimeter. A 1-newton input can lift a load of A) 1 N. B) 10 N. C) 15 N. D) 20 N. E) none of the above

D

An atomic mass unit (amu) is 1/12 the mass of A) an electron. B) a proton. C) a hydrogen atom. D) a carbon atom. E) a uranium atom.

D

Most of the matter in the universe is in the A) solid phase. B) liquid phase. C) gaseous phase. D) plasma phase. E) none of the above

D

Sound waves cannot travel in A) air. B) water. C) steel. D) a vacuum.

D

The mass of a cubic meter of water is A) 1 kg. B) 10 kg. C) 100 kg. D) 1000 kg. E) 9800 N.

D

Which has zero acceleration? An object A) at rest. B) moving at constant velocity. C) in mechanical equilibrium. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

A person floats higher in the dense water of the Dead Sea because A) less volume of water is displaced. B) more volume of water is displaced. C) of a greater buoyant force.

A

The tangential velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity A) parallel to the surface of Earth. B) perpendicular to the surface of Earth. C) attributed to satellites moving in any direction.

A

When no forces act on moving objects their paths are normally A) straight lines. B) circles. C) ellipses. D) all of the above

A

A 1-centimeter cubed sugar cube scaled up by a factor of 10 has a total surface area of A) 60 cm2. B) 600 cm2. C) 6000 cm2. D) none of the above

B

A 1-kg rock that weighs 10 N is thrown straight upward at 20 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the net force that acts on it when it is half way to the top of its path is A) less than 10 N. B) 10 N. C) more than 10 N.

B

A beam is under stress when it carries a load. The part of a beam where no tension or compression occurs is the A) upper or lower flange. B) neutral layer. C) neither of these

B

A block is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is the force of friction between the block and the surface? A) less than 6 N B) 6 N C) more than 6 N D) need more information

B

A block pulled to the left with 15 N and to the right with 5 N at the same time experiences a net force of A) 5 N. B) 10 N. C) 15 N. D) 20 N.

B

A dropped ball gains speed because A) its velocity changes. B) a gravitational force acts on it. C) of inertia. D) its nature is to become closer to Earth.

B

A fishing-boat captain returns to port saying, "It's rough out there with waves that are 4 meters high." He is probably talking of waves of amplitude A) 1 m. B) 2 m. C) 3 m. D) 4 m.

B

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is A) zero. B) twice. C) four times as much. D) unchanged.

B

A wave of frequency of 1000 hertz vibrates at A) less than 1000 cycles per second. B) 1000 cycles per second. C) more than 1000 cycles per second. D) none of the above

B

A wiggle in both space and time is a A) vibration. B) wave. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

As a supersonic aircraft increases in speed, the angle of its V-shaped shock wave becomes A) wider. B) narrower. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

As soon as a ball rolls off the edge of a table A) it is not acted on by any forces. B) it is not acted on by any horizontal forces. C) has a zero net force acting on it. D) none of the above

B

Two tennis balls fall through the air from a tall building. One of them is filled with lead pellets. The ball to reach the ground first is the A) regular ball. B) lead-filled ball. C) same for both

B

A 1-centimeter cubed sugar cube scaled up by a factor of 10 has a volume of A) 10 cm3. B) 100 cm3. C) 1000 cm3. D) none of the above

C

An ice cube floating in a glass of water contains many air bubbles. When the ice melts, the water level will A) rise. B) fall. C) remain unchanged.

C

Arnold Strongman and Suzie Small each pull very hard on opposite ends of a rope in a tug-of-war. The greater force on the rope is exerted by A) Arnold, of course. B) Suzie, surprisingly. C) both the same, interestingly.

C

If a satellite's radial velocity is zero at all times, its orbit must be A) parabolic. B) elliptical. C) circular. D) geosynchronous.

C

Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in A) the mother's womb. B) the food the mother eats before delivery. C) ancient stars. D) the Earth. E) none of the above

C

Solar power is commonly used to produce A) heat. B) electricity. C) both of these

C

You cannot exert a force on a wall A) if the wall resists. B) unless you put your mind to it. C) unless the wall simultaneously exerts the same amount of force on you.

C

You wish to drill a hole through a horizontal I-beam supporting a bridge. To weaken the beam the least drill the hole through the A) upper flange. B) lower flange. C) web. D) all the same

C

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum kinetic energy at A) the top. B) halfway down. C) three-quarters of the way down. D) the bottom.

D

A skydiver steps from a helicopter and falls for a few seconds until terminal velocity is reached. Thereafter, until he opens his parachute, his acceleration A) is constant. B) increases. C) decreases. D) is zero. E) none of the above

D

The famous Leaning Tower of Pisa doesn't topple over because its center of gravity is A) relatively low for such a tall building. B) stabilized by its structure. C) displaced from its center. D) above a place of support. E) in the same place as its center of mass.

D

Which of these animals has a quicker stride? A) giraffe B) horse C) cat D) mouse

D

A given amount of heat energy can be completely converted to mechanical energy in A) a steam engine. B) an atomic reactor. C) a simple machine. D) all of the above E) none of the above

E

When an ideal gas is subjected to an adiabatic process A) no work is done on the gas. B) the temperature of the gas does not change. C) the internal energy of the gas does not change. D) all of the above E) none of the above

E

When you and your snowboard are in motion, which of the following can be zero? A) momentum B) kinetic energy C) mass D) inertia E) none of the above

E

Which is the smallest particle? A) molecule B) atom C) proton D) neutron E) quark

E

Which of the following involves passion, talent, and intelligence? A) art B) literature C) music D) science E) all of the above

E

A 10-N falling object encounters 10 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is A) 0 N. B) 4 N. C) 6 N. D) 10 N. E) none of these

A

A 340-hertz sound wave travels at 340 m/s in air with a wavelength of A) 1 m. B) 10 m. C) 100 m. D) 1000 m. E) none of the above

A

A Mack truck and a Volkswagen traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision. The vehicle that undergoes the greatest change in velocity will be the A) Volkswagen. B) Mack truck. C) same for both.

A

A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it returns. Compared with its initial speed and in the presence of air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is always A) less. B) the same. C) more. D) can't be determined.

A

A ball is thrown vertically into the air. Because of air resistance, its speed when it returns to its starting level compared with its initial speed is A) less. B) the same. C) more.

A

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum potential energy at A) the top. B) a quarter of the way down. C) halfway down. D) the bottom.

A

A pair of hydrogen nuclei fused together produces A) helium. B) lithium. C) beryllium. D) carbon. E) iron.

A

A scuba diver losing her air supply while far beneath the water surface is advised when ascending to A) hold air in her lungs. B) allow air to escape her lungs. C) panic.

A

A skipper on a boat sees wave crests passing the anchor chain every 5 seconds and estimates the distance between crests is 15 m. What is the speed of the water waves? A) 3 m/s B) 5 m/s C) 15 m/s D) need more information

A

A skydiver's terminal velocity will be greatest if she falls A) head first. B) lying flat on her back. C) lying flat on her stomach. D) with her parachute open.

A

A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of A) crowded streamlines. B) non-crowded streamlines. C) onward-coming streamlines.

A

A spinning tossed baseball veers off course in the direction of A) reduced air pressure on the ball. B) increased air pressure on the ball. C) non-crowded streamlines.

A

A wiggle in time is a A) vibration. B) wave. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

As a parcel of air at high altitude sinks to a lower elevation with no heat input or output, its temperature A) increases. B) decreases. C) will remain unchanged.

A

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same.

A

In the Doppler effect it is important to distinguish between A) frequency and speed. B) speed and velocity. C) speed and acceleration. D) distance and displacement.

A

Marshmallows in a vacuum become A) larger. B) smaller. C) flat. D) a hollow shell. E) none of the above

A

The frequency of a simple pendulum does NOT depend on A) its mass. B) its length. C) the acceleration due to gravity. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

The greater efficiency achieved with the curved blades of a Pelton wheel is due to A) bouncing. B) greater time of water impact. C) rotational momentum. D) divided impulse.

A

The kinetic energy of a planet is maximum when it is A) closest to the Sun. B) farthest from the Sun. C) least accelerating. D) none of the above

A

The pendulum with the greatest frequency is one with the A) shortest length. B) longest length. C) neither of these

A

The rotational inertia of your leg is greater when your leg is A) straight. B) bent. C) same either way

A

The source of all waves is A) something that vibrates. B) energy. C) a force of some kind. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

The speed of a 4-kg ball with a momentum of 12 kg m/s is A) 3 m/s. B) 4 m/s. C) 12 m/s. D) 48 m/s. E) none of the above

A

Two students engaged in a tug-of- war each pull a rope in opposite directions with a force of 400 N. The net force on the rope is A) zero and rope tension is 400 N. B) zero and rope tension is 800 N. C) 400 N and rope tension is 800 N. D) 400 N and rope tension is also 400 N.

A

When oxygen and hydrogen gases combine, the result is A) water. B) methane. C) a noble gas.

A

A hockey puck sliding across the ice finally comes to rest because A) it seeks its proper and natural state. B) of friction. C) that's just the way it is.

B

A red shift for light indicates that the light source is moving A) toward you. B) away from you. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

A river 100 m wide flows due south. A boat that goes 1 m/s relative to the water is pointed due east as it crosses from the west bank. The boat crosses in A) 50 s. B) 100 s. C) 141 s. D) 200 s.

B

A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the top of its path the net force on it is A) less than mg. B) mg. C) more than mg.

B

A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the top of its path, its acceleration is A) zero. B) 10 m/s2. C) between 0 and 10 m/s2. D) greater than 10 m/s2.

B

A rock weighs 30 N on Earth and another rock weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which rock has the greater mass? A) the one on Earth B) the one on the Moon C) They have the same mass. D) not enough information

B

A roller-coaster ride with 6 passengers takes 3 minutes. Neglecting friction, a similar ride with 12 passengers aboard would take A) 1.5 minutes. B) 3 minutes. C) 6 minutes. D) 18 minutes.

B

A seagull flying at 10 km/h in a 10-km/h crosswind has a resultant speed of A) 10 km/h. B) about 14 km/h. C) 20 km/h. D) more than 20 km/h.

B

A single brick falls with acceleration g. The reason a double brick falls with the same acceleration is A) that in free fall all accelerations are g. B) its ratio of force to mass is the same. C) an experimental fact tested many times. D) none of the above

B

A tree stump is pulled northward by a 10-N force at the same time a 25-N force pulls it southward. The resultant force has a magnitude of A) 0 N. B) 15 N. C) 25 N. D) 150 N.

B

A vertically-held sledge hammer is easier to balance when the heavier end is A) on your hand. B) at the top, away from your hand. C) same either way

B

A vertically-held sledge hammer is easier to balance when the heavier end is A) on your hand. B) at the top, away from your hand. C) the same either way

B

Acrobat Bart at the circus drops vertically onto the end of a see-saw, with his partner Art equidistant from the fulcrum at the other end. Art is propelled straight upward a distance twice that of Bart's dropping distance. Neglecting inefficiencies we see A) the masses of Art and Bart are equal. B) Art has half the mass of Bart. C) need more information

B

All waves have in common a A) pattern. B) vibrating source. C) variable regions of high and low pressure. D) none of the above

B

An aircraft that flies faster than the speed of sound is said to be A) subsonic. B) supersonic. C) impossible. D) none of the above

B

An astronaut at Earth's surface has a mass of 50 kg and a weight of 500 N. If she were floating freely inside a space habitat in remote space, she would have A) no weight and less mass. B) no weight and the same mass. C) more weight and no mass. D) none of the above

B

An astronaut floating alone in outer space throws a baseball. If the ball moves away at 20 m/s, the astronaut will A) move in the opposite direction at 20 m/s. B) move in the opposite direction at a lower speed. C) move in the opposite direction at a higher speed. D) none of the above

B

An empty jar is pushed open-side downward into water so that trapped air cannot escape. As it is pushed deeper, the buoyant force on the jar A) increases. B) decreases. C) increases, then decreases. D) decreases, then increases. E) remains the same.

B

An open freight car rolls friction free along a horizontal track in a pouring rain that falls vertically. As water accumulates in the car, the car's speed A) increases. B) decreases. C) doesn't change. D) need more information

B

At equilibrium on a bathroom weighting scale, the downward pull of gravity on you is balanced by A) your weight. B) an upward support force. C) your mass.

B

If you hold two objects that have the same weight density, then they A) may have unequal mass densities. B) have equal mass densities. C) are equal in weight.

B

The bob of a simple pendulum has its maximum kinetic energy at the A) top of its swing. B) bottom of its swing. C) midpoint between top and bottom. D) at all points along its path of swing.

B

The buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in the ocean is A) less than 10 tons. B) 10 tons. C) more than 10 tons. D) depends on density of sea water

B

The change in internal energy of adding 100 joules to a system that does 60 joules of work is A) 0 J. B) 40 J. C) 60 J. D) 100 J. E) none of the above

B

The circumference of a bicycle wheel is 2 meters. If it rotates at 1 revolution per second then its linear speed is A) 1 m/s. B) 2 m/s. C) 3 m/s. D) 3.14 m/s. E) 6.28 m/s.

B

The concept of pressure involves both A) force and volume. B) force and area. C) area and volume.

B

The distance traveled by a wave during a single period is A) one-half wavelength. B) one wavelength. C) two wavelengths. D) none of the above

B

Two identical freight cars roll without friction (one at 1 m/s, the other at 2 m/s) toward each other on a level track. They collide, couple together, and roll away in the direction of A) the slower car. B) the faster car. C) neither, for they stop.

B

Two identical golf carts move at different speeds. The faster cart has twice the speed and therefore has A) twice the kinetic energy. B) four times the kinetic energy. C) eight times the kinetic energy. D) none of the above

B

Two objects of the same size, but unequal weights are dropped from a tall tower. Taking air resistance into consideration, the object to hit the ground first will be the A) lighter object. B) heavier object. C) Both hit at the same time. D) not enough information

B

When Nellie Newton hangs at rest in the middle of a clothesline, the tension will not be the same in each side of the rope when A) the lengths of rope on each side are different. B) the angles at each side of the rope are unequal. C) she is in equilibrium. D) none of the above

B

When a boat sails from fresh water to salt water, the boat will float A) lower in the water. B) higher in the water. C) at the same water level.

B

When a constant and sustained upward force acts on a rocket, its acceleration increases mainly because A) gravity becomes weaker with increased distance. B) the mass of the rocket decreases as fuel is burned. C) No way, for acceleration would be constant.

B

When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume with no change in temperature, the gas pressure A) halves. B) doubles. C) quadruples. D) remains the same.

B

When a gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density A) halves. B) doubles. C) quadruples. D) remains the same.

B

When a living cell doubles in diameter, it has eight times the mass to be nourished, and the amount of membrane through which it feeds is A) only twice as much. B) only four times as much. C) also eight times as much. D) more than eight times as much.

B

When a load is placed on a properly arched structure, compression A) weakens the structure. B) strengthens the structure. C) neither of these

B

A ball rolls off the edge of a table at the same time another ball drops vertically from the same table. The ball to hit the floor first is the A) rolling ball. B) dropped ball. C) both hit at the same time

C

A dome-shaped house is more heat efficient than a rectangular house because a dome has A) no corners to radiate. B) less interior space. C) less area compared to its volume. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

A fish normally displaces its own A) volume of water. B) weight of water. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

A floating leaf oscillates up and down two complete cycles in one second as a 10-meter long water wave passes by. What is the wave's speed? A) 2 m/s B) 10 m/s C) 20 m/s D) 40 m/s E) more than 40 m/s

C

A high-frequency sound source produces a high A) speed. B) amplitude. C) pitch. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

A piece of putty moving with 1 unit of momentum strikes and sticks to a heavy bowling ball that is initially at rest. Both move with a combined momentum of A) less than 1 unit. B) more than 1 unit. C) 1 unit. D) need more information

C

A plasma differs from a gas in that A) its molecules are farther apart. B) it is hotter than a gas. C) it is electrically conducting. D) its atoms are boosted to higher atomic numbers. E) all of the above

C

Compared to a 50-kg person, a 100-kg person at the beach requires A) twice as much suntan lotion. B) the same amount of suntan lotion. C) less than twice as much suntan lotion.

C

Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up the body of a newborn baby are A) newer. B) actually older. C) the same age.

C

Compared to the density of water, the density of a fish is A) more. B) less. C) the same.

C

If an astronaut landed on a planet composed of antimatter, there would be an explosion and A) planet would annihilate. B) astronaut would annihilate. C) astronaut and an equal amount of planet antimatter would both annihilate.

C

If an object falling freely were somehow equipped with an odometer to measure the distance it travels, then the amount of distance it travels each succeeding second would be A) constant. B) less and less each second. C) greater than the second before. D) doubled.

C

If the rotational speed of a rotating habitat in space increases, the weight experienced by occupants A) decreases. B) stays the same. C) increases. D) is always zero.

C

Jason weighs 150 N and sits on his big brother's shoulders. Big brother weighs 400 N. The support force supplied by the floor must be A) 150 N. B) 400 N. C) 550 N. D) more than 550 N.

C

Sound travel fastest in A) water vapor. B) water. C) ice. D) steam. E) all of the above

C

The A in AM radio stands for A) acceleration. B) authorized. C) amplitude. D) agony. E) almost.

C

The Moon does not crash into Earth because A) Earth's gravitational field is relatively weak at the Moon. B) gravitational pull of other planets keeps the Moon up. C) Moon has a sufficient tangential speed. D) Moon has less mass than Earth. E) none of the above

C

The air pressure in a container of air at 27°C will double when heated to A) 54 degrees C. B) 300 degrees C. C) 327 degrees C. D) 600 degrees C. E) none of the above

C

The amount of force needed to sustain motion of a rock in outer space is A) a force equal to its weight. B) a force less than its weight if friction is absent. C) none of these

C

The amplitude of a wave is 1 meter. The crest-to- trough distance of the wave is A) 0.5 m. B) 1 m. C) 2 m. D) none of the above

C

The attraction between Earth and Sydney is equal to her weight. The reaction to Earth's pull on Sydney is A) Sydney pushing against Earth's surface. B) the support of Earth's surface on Sydney. C) Sydney's pull on Earth. D) none of the above

C

The center of mass of a human body is located at a point that A) is fixed, but different for different people. B) is always directly behind the belly button. C) changes as a person bends over. D) none of the above

C

The change in momentum that occurs when a 1.0 kg ball traveling at 4.0 m/s strikes a wall and bounces back at 2.0 m/s is A) 2 kg m/s. B) 4 kg m/s. C) 6 kg m/s. D) 8 kg m/s.

C

The chef at the infamous Fattening Tower of Pizza tosses a spinning disk of uncooked pizza dough into the air. The disk becomes wider during its flight, while its rotational speed A) remains constant. B) quickens. C) slows.

C

The resultant of a 40-N force at right angles to a 30-N force is A) 30 N. B) 40 N. C) 50 N. D) greater than 50 N.

C

The speed of a sound wave in air depends on A) its frequency. B) its wavelength. C) air temperature. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

Two vehicles with equal magnitudes of momentum traveling at right angles to each other undergo an inelastic collision. The magnitude of momentum for the combined wreck is A) the same as the magnitude of momentum of either car before collision. B) less than the magnitude of momentum of either car before collision. C) greater than the magnitude of momentum of either car before collision. D) none of the above

C

Compared to the ocean, Earth's atmosphere is different in that A) its density varies with depth. B) it has a less-distinct surface. C) molecules are more greatly spaced. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Every heat engine A) gains heat from a high-temperature reservoir. B) converts energy into mechanical work. C) expels heat to a lower-temperature reservoir. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

If several balls are thrown straight up with different initial speeds, the quantity that will have the same value along their paths is their A) initial momentum. B) maximum height. C) time of travel. D) acceleration. E) none of the above

D

Most of the matter in our galaxy is in the A) solid phase. B) liquid phase. C) gaseous phase. D) plasma phase. E) none of the above

D

Science is a body of knowledge that A) describes order in nature. B) is an ongoing human activity. C) condenses knowledge into testable laws. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Scotty Skydiver of mass 100 kg experiences air resistance of 500 N, and an acceleration of about A) 0.2 g. B) 0.3 g. C) 0.4 g. D) 0.5 g. E) greater than 0.5 g.

D

The amount of energy ultimately converted to heat by an incandescent light bulb is about A) 10%. B) 40%. C) 80%. D) 100%.

D

The circular path of a satellite orbiting Earth is characterized by a constant A) speed. B) acceleration. C) radial distance. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The contained air in a closed, sealed can placed on a hot stove will undergo an increase in A) internal energy. B) temperature. C) pressure. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The distance a freely falling object falls from rest in one-half second is A) 2 m. B) 4 m. C) 6 m. D) none of the above

D

The pressure at the bottom of a jug filled with water does NOT depend on A) the acceleration due to gravity. B) water density. C) the height of the liquid. D) surface area of the water. E) none of the above

D

Water freezes at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of A) 0 degrees Celsius. B) 32 degrees Fahrenheit. C) about 273 kelvin. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Water waves pass by a piece of cork floating on the water that bobs up and down one complete cycle each second. The waves are 2 meters long. What is the speed of the wave? A) 0.25 m/s B) 0.50 m/s C) 1.0 m/s D) 2 m/s E) 4 m/s

D

Weigh yourself on a weighing scale and the scale shows your normal weight. If you carefully stand on tiptoes, the scale reading will be A) slightly more. B) slightly less. C) about half as much. D) no different.

D

What did Robert Brown see in his microscope? A) straight-line motion B) circular motions C) parabolic motions D) random motions

D

What is the molecular mass of a water molecule? A) 10 amu B) 12 amu C) 15 amu D) 18 amu E) none of the above

D

When you walk at an average speed of 4 m/s, in 5 s you'll cover a distance of A) 2 m. B) 10 m. C) 15 m. D) 20 m.

D

While a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its A) acceleration is zero. B) velocity is zero. C) inertia is zero. D) none of the above

D

A 1-kg ball is thrown at 10 m/s straight upward. Neglecting air resistance, the net force that acts on the stone when it is halfway to the top of its path is about A) 1/2 N. B) 1 N. C) 5 N. D) 7.5 N. E) 10 N.

E

A 1056-hertz tuning fork is sounded at the same time a piano note is struck. You hear three beats per second. What is the frequency of the piano string? A) 1056 hertz B) 1059 hertz C) 1053 hertz D) 3168 hertz E) need more information

E

A moving object has A) speed. B) velocity. C) momentum. D) energy. E) all of these

E

A heavy ball hangs by a string, with a second string attached to its bottom. A slow pull on the bottom string breaks the A) top string. B) bottom string. C) top or bottom string equally.

A

A heavy iron ball is placed in an aluminum pie pan that floats in a bucket. The water level at the side of the bucket is marked. Then the ball is removed and allowed to sink in the bucket. The water line at the side of the bucket A) goes down. B) is the same. C) rises.

A

A hockey puck sliding at constant velocity across the ice is A) in equilibrium. B) nearly in equilibrium. C) is nowhere near being in equilibrium. D) none of the above

A

A hunter on level ground fires a bullet at an angle of 10 degrees above the horizontal while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the level of the rifle. Which bullet will hit the ground first? A) the one dropped B) the one fired C) both hit at the same time.

A

A node is a position of A) minimum amplitude. B) maximum amplitude. C) half amplitude.

A

An iron block in a furnace is heated and consequently expands, which means that its density A) less. B) the same. C) more.

A

Spots of sunlight on the ground cast through openings between leaves in trees above are actually A) images of the Sun. B) part of a solar eclipse. C) due to refraction of sunlight. D) all of the above

A

The buoyant force of the atmosphere on a body is equal to the A) weight of air displaced. B) volume of air displaced. C) mass of the air displaced. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

The buoyant force on an object is least when the object is A) partly submerged. B) submerged near the surface. C) submerged near the bottom. D) none of the above

A

The compressions and rarefactions in a longitudinal wave travel in A) the same direction. B) opposite directions. C) a vacuum.

A

The effects of scaling are beneficial to swimmers in a race who are relatively A) large. B) small. C) neither of these

A

The energy of sound in air eventually becomes A) increased internal energy in the air. B) weaker and weaker until it disappears. C) cancelled by destructive interference. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

The equilibrium rule applies to A) vector quantities. B) quantities that are equal in magnitude. C) scalar quantities. D) any kind of quantities.

A

The flight of a blimp best illustrates A) Archimedes' principle. B) Pascal's principle. C) Bernoulli's principle. D) Boyle's law.

A

When sound travels faster near the ground than above, bending of sound tends to be A) upward. B) downward. C) to the left. D) to the right. E) none of the above

A

When wind encounters a wind turbine that produces energy, wind speed on the downside of the blades is A) slowed. B) speeded up. C) not affected.

A

Which contains more atoms? A) 1 kg of hydrogen B) 1 kg of iron C) both contain the same

A

Which has more skin? A) an elephant B) a mouse C) both the same

A

Which of the following is NOT a compound? A) air B) ammonia C) water D) salt E) all are compounds

A

A push on a 1-kg brick accelerates it. Neglecting friction, equally accelerating a 10-kg brick requires A) just as much force. B) 10 times as much force. C) 100 times as much force. D) one-tenth the amount of force. E) none of the above

B

An astronaut on another planet drops a 1-kg rock from rest. The astronaut notices that the rock falls 2 meters straight down in one second. On this planet, how much does the rock weigh? A) 1 N B) 4 N C) 5 N D) 10 N

B

Atmospheric pressure is caused by the A) density of the atmosphere. B) weight of the atmosphere. C) temperature of the atmosphere. D) solar energy on the atmosphere.

B

How many different kinds of elements are in a water molecule? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) none

B

If Burl carries Paul piggy-back while standing in the middle of a scaffold, the tensions in the two supporting ropes would A) cancel to zero. B) be equal. C) be in dynamic equilibrium. D) more easily support Burl and Paul.

B

If Earth had a pair of identical moons on opposite sides of the same circular orbit, the center of gravity of the double-moon-Earth system would be A) inside the Earth, but off center. B) at the center of the Earth. C) outside the Earth, but within the orbital path of the moons. D) outside the Earth, but beyond the orbital path of the moons.

B

If a Ping-Pong ball and a golf ball both move in the same direction with the same amount of kinetic energy, the speed of the Ping-Pong ball must be A) less than the golf ball. B) more than the golf ball. C) both the same D) need more information

B

If a battleship sinks in a canal lock, the water level in the lock will A) rise. B) fall. C) remain unchanged.

B

If you toss a coin straight upward in train that slows while the coin is in the air, the coin will land A) as if you were at rest. B) in front of you. C) in back of you.

B

In air and in water the same sound travels with different A) frequencies. B) speeds. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

In cold weather, your hands will be warmer if you wear A) gloves. B) mittens. C) both the same

B

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to A) momentum. B) a corresponding change in momentum. C) force multiplied by the distance it acts. D) velocity multiplied by time.

B

Minimal orbit speed about Earth is about 8 km/s, and about Jupiter is A) less than 8 km/s. B) more than 8 km/s. C) about 8 km/s.

B

Monkey Mo hangs from the middle of a horizontal rope. Tension in the rope is greatest if the A) sags a lot. B) sags very little. C) sags or doesn't sag, for tension is the same in any case. D) none of the above

B

Multiply the equation for linear momentum by radial distance r and you have A) rotational kinetic energy. B) angular momentum. C) rotational inertia.

B

One kilogram of peaches has more skin area than one kilogram of A) blueberries. B) grapefruits. C) grapes. D) all of the above

B

Phil applies 100 N to a pulley system and raises a load one-tenth of the distance of his downward pull. Ideally, the weight of the load is A) 100 N. B) 1000 N. C) 10,000 N. D) more than 10,000 N

B

Phil stands at rest with both feet on a scale that reads 500 N. When he gently lifts one foot, the scale reads A) less than 500 N. B) 500 N. C) more than 500 N.

B

Repeatedly tap the side of a drinking glass with a spoon as you fill the glass with water and the pitch of the sound A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains relatively constant.

B

Sara lies on a bed of sharp nails without harm because A) many of the nails don't make contact with her body. B) her weight is distributed over hundreds of nails. C) she exercises mind over matter. D) none of the above

B

Science later greatly advanced when Galileo favored A) philosophical discussions over experiment. B) experiment over philosophical discussions. C) nonmathematical thinking. D) none of the above

B

Suzie Skydiver jumps from a high-flying plane. As her velocity of fall increases, her acceleration A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unchanged regardless of air resistance.

B

Systems alone tend to move toward A) order. B) disorder. C) temperature inversions. D) none of the above

B

The buoyant force on a one-ton blimp hovering in air is A) zero. B) one ton. C) less than one ton. D) more than one ton.

B

The gravitational field simulated by rotation in a space habitat that is best suited for humans is A) zero. B) g. C) one-quarter g. D) one-half g. E) three-quarters g.

B

The least energy required to produce forced vibration in an object occurs A) below its natural frequency. B) at its natural frequency. C) above its natural frequency. D) none of the above

B

The lowest temperature possible in nature is A) 0 degrees C. B) -273 degrees C. C) 4 K. D) none of the above

B

The mass of a lamb that weights 110 N is about A) 1 kg. B) 11 kg. C) 110 kg. D) 1100 kg. E) none of the above

B

The minimum number of forces that act on a book resting on a table is A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) none of the above

B

The most disorderly arrangement of energy within matter is also A) the least probable state of matter. B) the most probable state of matter. C) a matter of certainties, not probabilities. D) none of the above

B

The normal force that acts on a block of ice that slides on a ramp A) is equal to mg at all angles. B) decreases as the slope of the ramp increases. C) becomes greatest when the ramp is vertical.

B

The support force on a 10-N book at rest on a table is A) slightly less than 10 N. B) 10 N. C) slightly greater than 10 N. D) dependent on the position of the book.

B

The support force on a 30-kg dog sleeping on the floor is A) less than 300 N. B) about 300 N. C) more than 300 N. D) nonexistent while asleep.

B

Your weight as measured on your bathroom scale is A) equal to your mass. B) the force due to gravity on you. C) a property of mechanical equilibrium. D) all of the above

B

A freely-falling watermelon falls with constant A) velocity. B) speed. C) acceleration. D) distances each successive second.

C

A volume of air that is compressed with no heat entering or leaving becomes A) cooler. B) remain unchanged. C) warmer. D) none of the above

C

A water wave passes by a floating leaf that is made to oscillate up and down two complete cycles each second, which means that the wave's frequency is A) 0.5 Hz. B) 1 Hz. C) 2 Hz. D) 3 Hz. E) 6 Hz.

C

Joshua is attracted toward Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward Joshua with a force of A) zero. B) 250 N. C) 500 N. D) 1000 N.

C

Katelyn runs along the aisle of a train that moves at 8 m/s. Her speed relative to the floor is 3 m/s. Her speed relative to an observer at rest on the ground is A) 5 m/s. B) 11 m/s. C) either depending on her running direction D) none of the above

C

Mass number refers to the number of A) protons in the nucleus. B) neutrons in the nucleus. C) nucleons in the nucleus.

C

More efficient gasoline engines could be built if they could withstand A) greater rotational rates. B) lower temperatures. C) higher temperatures. D) none of the above

C

Newton hypothesized that the forces acting on planets was A) along their directions of travel. B) perpendicular to their directions of travel. C) toward the Sun. D) none of the above

C

No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because A) no force acts on the ball. B) little distance is covered by the ball. C) the force on the ball is at right angles to the ball's motion. D) the ball's speed remains constant.

C

One end of a rope is pulled with 100 N, while the opposite end also is pulled with 100 N. The tension in the rope is A) 0 N. B) 50 N. C) 100 N. D) 200 N.

C

Pascal's principle applies to A) liquids. B) gases. C) both of these D) none of these

C

Reflection of sound can occur in A) air. B) water. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

Refraction of sound can occur in A) air. B) water. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

Sound travels fastest in A) air. B) water. C) steel. D) a vacuum.

C

The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between the temperatures of 227°C and 27°C A) 20%. B) 25%. C) 40%. D) 88%. E) none of the above

C

The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of A) electron shells that surround the nucleus. B) neutrons in the nucleus. C) orbital electrons. D) none of the above

C

The period of an Earth satellite depends on the satellite's A) mass. B) weight on Earth. C) radial distance from Earth. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

The phenomenon of beats is a result of sound A) refraction. B) reflection. C) interference. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

The pressure in a liquid depends on liquid A) density. B) depth. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

The principle of continuity states that for fluid flow to be continuous it must A) speed up in narrow regions of flow. B) slow down in wide regions of flow. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s2. What net force is exerted on the car? A) 500 N B) 1000 N C) 1500 N D) 2000 N E) none of these

D

An object in mechanical equilibrium is an object A) moving with constant velocity. B) having no changes in velocity. C) at rest. D) all of the above

D

An object that completes 100 vibrations in 5 seconds has a period of A) 0.5 second. B) 1 second. C) 2 seconds. D) none of the above

D

Archimedes' principle applies to A) liquids. B) gases. C) fluids. D) all of the above

D

At one instant an object in free fall is moving downward at 50 m/s. One second later its speed is A) 25 m/s. B) 50 m/s. C) 55 m/s. D) 60 m/s. E) 100 m/s.

D

Interference is a property of A) sound waves. B) water waves. C) light waves. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be A) removed from the mercury nucleus. B) added to the mercury nucleus. C) either of these D) neither of these

D

To say that one wave is out of phase with another is to say that the waves are A) of different amplitudes. B) of different frequencies. C) of different wavelengths. D) out of step. E) all of the above

D

Which does NOT belong to the same family? A) infrasonic waves B) ultrasonic waves C) radio waves D) shock waves E) longitudinal waves

C

Which of the following bodies is comprised mostly of plasma? A) Earth B) Moon C) Sun D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

Which of these has its center of mass where no mass exists? A) baseball B) golf ball C) basketball D) none of the above

C

Which of these has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus? A) gold B) mercury C) lead D) silver

C

Which of these is not a form of solar energy? A) wind energy B) fossil fuel energy C) geothermal energy D) hydroelectric power

C

While standing, your blood pressure is normally greatest in your A) head. B) heart. C) feet. D) same in each

C

`Which is the greater amount for medication measured by mass? A) 1 gram B) 1000 milligrams C) both the same

C

A definite method for losing weight is A) exercise. B) reduce Calorie intake. C) maintain a low body temperature. D) none of the above

B

A 1-kg mass at the Earth's surface weighs A) 1 N. B) 5 N. C) 10 N. D) 12 N. E) none of the above

C

Although solid matter is mostly empty space, we don't fall through the floor because A) atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero. B) of nuclear forces. C) of gravitational forces. D) of electrical forces. E) none of the above

D

An 80-km/h airplane flying in the same direction as a 10 km/h tail wind has a groundspeed of A) 10 km/h. B) 70 km/h. C) 80 km/h. D) 90 km/h.

D

A 2-kg ball is held 4 m above the ground. Relative to the ground its potential energy is A) 6 J. B) 8 J. C) 32 J. D) 80 J. E) more than 80 J.

D

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is A) a friction force. B) a nuclear force. C) a gravitational force. D) an electrical force. E) none of the above

D

A 10-unit vector at 60° from the vertical has a vertical component with a magnitude A) less than 10 units. B) 10 units. C) greater than 10 units.

A

A mosquito flying at 3 m/s that encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the opposite direction has a speed of A) 0 m/s. B) 3 m/s. C) 4 m/s. D) 6 m/s.

A

A pair of air pucks on an air table are set in motion when a compressed spring between them is released. If one puck moves with twice the speed of the other, then its mass is A) half the mass of the other. B) the same mass as the other. C) twice the mass as the other. D) need more information

A

An educated scientific guess is a A) hypothesis. B) theory. C) either of these D) neither of these

A

At one instant a heavy object in air is moving upward at 50 m/s. One second later its speed is approximately A) 40 m/s. B) 50 m/s. C) 55 m/s. D) 60 m/s.

A

Eratosthenes first learned about the position of the Sun in mid-summer by A) consulting library information. B) setting up a stick at Syene. C) setting up a stick at Alexandria. D) setting up sticks at both Syene and Alexandria. E) none of the above

A

Neglecting air resistance, a ball projected straight upward so it remains in the air for 10 seconds needs an initial speed of A) 50 m/s. B) 60 m/s. C) 80 m/s. D) 100 m/s. E) 110 m/s.

A

Nellie's weight and normal force usually have the same magnitude when she stands on a A) horizontal surface. B) inclined surface. C) either a horizontal or inclined surface.

A

Science, art, and religion normally need not contradict one another because A) all three involve different domains. B) choosing the right one means no need to heed the other two. C) choosing religion and art means no need to heed science. D) choosing science means no need to heed religion and art.

A

The lift experienced by a helicopter involves an action-reaction pair of forces between the A) helicopter blades and the air. B) mass of the helicopter and Earth's mass. C) weight of the helicopter and atmospheric pressure. D) motion of the helicopter relative to the ground below. E) any or all of the above

A

The most basic of the sciences of physics, chemistry, and biology is A) physics. B) chemistry. C) biology. D) none of the above

A

The time it takes a projectile fired straight up at 10 m/s to reach the top of its path is about A) 1 s. B) 2 s. C) 10 s. D) not enough information

A

To produce an acceleration to a system there A) must be a net force on the system. B) may or may not be a net force on the system. C) must be acceleration outside the system also.

A

To say there is no such thing as only one force means A) there must also be a corresponding reaction force. B) other forces, perhaps not evident, are there. C) gibberish.

A

Which of the following is a scientific statement? A) candy Bon Bons contain no sugar B) there are things we will never know about C) matter is filled with undetectable particles D) there are parts of the universe that will never be discovered by humans E) none of the above

A

While an iron block near the Earth's surface is in free fall, it undergoes an increase in A) speed. B) acceleration. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

You're at rest in a hammock when a hungry mosquito sees an opportunity for lunch. A mild 2-m/s breeze is blowing. If the mosquito joins you for lunch it should hover over you by flying A) against the breeze at 2 m/s. B) with the breeze at 2 m/s. C) a bit faster than wind speed. D) none of the above

A

Your friend says that the heavyweight champion of the world cannot exert a force of 50 N on an isolated piece of tissue paper with his best punch. You A) agree that it can't be done. B) have reservations about this assertion. C) disagree, for a good punch easily delivers this much force.

A

A ball is thrown upwards and returns to the same location. Compared with its initial speed its speed when it returns is about A) half as much. B) the same. C) twice as much. D) four times as much.

B

A pair of action-reaction forces always A) act on the same object. B) occur simultaneously. C) comprise a pair of interactions. D) all of the above E) none of the above

B

A pair of toy freight cars, one twice the mass of the other, fly apart when a compressed spring that joins them is released. Acceleration will be greater for the A) heavier car. B) lighter car. C) same on each.

B

A player catches a ball. If action is the force of the ball against the player's glove, reaction is the A) player's grip on the glove. B) glove against the ball. C) friction of the ground against the player's shoes. D) muscular effort in the player's arms. E) none of the above

B

A rock dropped from a 5-m height accelerates at 10 m/s2 and strikes the ground 1 s later. If the rock is dropped from a height of 2.5 m, its acceleration of fall is A) half. B) the same. C) twice. D) four times as much.

B

A simple method of measuring the distance between the Earth and the Moon is to place in your line of sight to the Moon a A) magnifying glass. B) coin. C) telescope. D) meterstick.

B

A vertical vector of 3 units combined with a horizontal vector of 4 units has a resultant of A) 1 unit. B) 5 units. C) 7 units.

B

An 80-km/h airplane flying against a 10-km/h head wind has a groundspeed of A) 10 km/h. B) 70 km/h. C) 80 km/h. D) 90 km/h.

B

An apple falls from a tree and hits the ground 5 meters below with a speed of about A) 5 m/s. B) 10 m/s. C) 15 m/s. D) 20 m/s. E) not enough information

B

As a ball bounces from a floor, its acceleration off the floor between bounces is A) significantly less than g. B) g. C) slightly more than g. D) significantly more than g.

B

Facts in the field of science A) are absolute. B) are changeable. C) mean very little. D) are more important than theories.

B

For a scientific hypothesis to be valid, there must be a test for proving it A) right. B) wrong. C) conclusively one way or the other.

B

If a car increases its velocity from zero to 60 m/s in 10 seconds, its acceleration is A) 3 m/s2. B) 6 m/s2. C) 60 m/s2. D) 600 m/s2.

B

If a freely falling object were equipped with a speedometer, its speed reading would increase each second by about A) 5 m/s. B) 10 m/s. C) 15 m/s. D) a variable amount. E) depends on its initial speed

B

If an object moves with constant acceleration, its velocity must A) be constant also. B) change by the same amount each second. C) change by varying amounts depending on its speed. D) always decrease.

B

If vertically falling rain makes slanted 45° streaks on the side windows of a moving car, the speed of the car A) is less than the speed of the falling drops. B) equals the speed of the falling drops. C) exceeds the speed of the falling drops. D) need more information

B

Neglecting air resistance, once a tossed ball leaves your hand A) no further forces act on it. B) only the force due to gravity acts on it. C) inertia becomes the force acting on it. D) your tossing force remains while the ball goes upward. E) your tossing force remains until it comes to a stop.

B

One half second after starting from rest, a freely falling object will have a speed of about A) 2 m/s. B) 5 m/s. C) 10 m/s. D) 20 m/s. E) none of the above

B

The average speed of a horse that gallops 10 kilometers in 30 minutes is A) 15 km/h. B) 20 km/h. C) 30 km/h. D) 40 km/h.

B

The scientific method is most effective in A) making hypotheses. B) gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge. C) discovering new things. D) making theories. E) performing experiments.

B

The speedometer of an automobile reads A) average speed. B) instantaneous speed. C) accelerated speed.

B

The statement, "There are regions beneath Earth's crust that will always be beyond the reach of scientific investigation" is A) a fact. B) speculation. C) a hypothesis. D) a scientific statement. E) a theory.

B

The total time it takes a projectile fired straight up at 10 m/s to reach the top of its path and return to its starting point is about A) 1 s. B) 2 s. C) 10 s. D) 20 s.

B

Two equal-size vectors at right angles to each other have a resultant that is A) equal to that of either vector. B) √2 the length of either vector. C) twice the length of either vector.

B

Two people, one twice as massive as the other, attempt a tug-of-war with 12 meters of rope on frictionless ice. After a brief time, they meet. The heavier person slides a distance of A) 3 m. B) 4 m. C) 6 m. D) 0 m.

B

When a boxer hits a punching bag, the strength of his punch depends on how much force the bag can A) endure. B) exert on the boxer's fist. C) soften.

B

When a dishonest scientist reports false information, he or she A) as in many other professions, will be excused by the scientific community. B) gets no second chance in the scientific community. C) is elevated in the scientific community.

B

When you drop a rubber ball on the floor it bounces back. The force exerted on the ball to produce bouncing is by the A) ball. B) floor. C) need more information

B

When you rub your hands together, you A) can push harder on one hand than the other. B) cannot push harder on one hand than the other. C) need more information

B

When you walk, you push on the floor to the left and the floor A) also pushes on you to the left. B) pushes you to the right. C) both of these simultaneously. D) can only wish it could push on you. E) none of the above

B

Which of the following is not a vector quantity? A) velocity B) speed C) acceleration D) all are vector quantities E) none are vector quantities.

B

You stand on your skateboard and exert a 50-N push on the wall next to you. If your mass is 60 kg you'll momentarily accelerate from the wall at about A) 0.08 m/s2. B) 0.8 m/s2. C) 8.0 m/s2. D) none of the above

B

A ball starting from rest at the top of an inclined plane gains a speed of 2 m/s for each second it rolls. What is its acceleration down the incline? A) 0.5 m/s2 B) 1 m/s2 C) 2 m/s2 D) 4 m/s2

C

A humming bird flying at 4 km/h that gets caught in a 3-km/h crosswind has a resultant speed of about A) 3 km/h. B) 4 km/h. C) 5 km/h. D) more than 5 km/h.

C

A pair of toy freight cars, one twice the mass of the other, fly apart when a compressed spring that joins them is released. The spring exerts the greater force on the A) heavier car. B) lighter car. C) same on each.

C

A theory in the field of science is A) an educated guess. B) less than a fact. C) a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge. D) unchangeable.

C

An 80-km/h airplane caught in a 60-km/h crosswind has a resultant speed of A) 60 km/h. B) 80 km/h. C) 100 km/h. D) 141 km/h.

C

An airplane that flies at 100 km/h in a 100-km/h crosswind has a ground speed of A) 0 km/h. B) 100 km/h. C) 141 km/h. D) 200 km/h.

C

An astronaut of mass 70 kg weighs 700 N on Earth's surface. His weight on the surface of Mars, where the acceleration due to gravity is 3.7 m/s2, would be about A) the same as on Earth. B) 130 N. C) 260 N. D) 370 N. E) none of the above

C

An automobile and a golf cart traveling at the same speed collide head-on. The impact force is A) greater on the automobile. B) greater on the golf cart. C) the same for both.

C

If a stone falls to the bottom of a mineshaft in 6 seconds, then the depth of the shaft is about A) 60 m. B) 120 m. C) 180 m. D) more than 200 m.

C

Jogging Jake runs at 4 m/s along a train flatcar that moves at 10 m/s in the same direction. Jake's speed relative to the ground is A) 6 m/s. B) 10 m/s. C) 14 m/s. D) none of the above

C

Pseudoscience is best characterized as being A) new age. B) an alternate view to be taken seriously. C) fake. D) all of the above

C

The distance a freely falling bowling ball falls each second A) is about 5 m. B) is about 10 m. C) increases. D) none of the above

C

The safest way to view an image of the Sun is to use A) a telescope. B) binoculars. C) a pinhole. D) colored sunglasses.

C

The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are A) acceleration and time. B) velocity and time. C) distance and time. D) distance and acceleration. E) velocity and distance.

C

The winner in a tug-of-war exerts the greatest force on A) the opponent. B) his or her end of the rope. C) the ground.

C

When Nellie hangs suspended from a pair of ropes that are not vertical, the tension in each rope is A) less than half her weight. B) half her weight. C) more than half her weight. D) her weight.

C

When a rocket forces exhaust gases downward, the exhaust gases A) as the name implies, soon exhaust their influence. B) play no further role in the motion of the rocket. C) exert an upward force on the rocket.

C

When we see a half Moon in the sky, the lines between Earth, Moon, and Sun A) are equal in length. B) are parallel to one another. C) form a right triangle. D) all of the above

C

A ball tossed vertically upward rises, reaches its highest point, and then falls back to its starting point. During this time the acceleration of the ball is always A) in the direction of motion. B) opposite its velocity. C) directed upward. D) directed downward. E) none of the above

D

A truly educated person is knowledgeable about A) science. B) the arts. C) religion. D) all of the above

D

A vehicle undergoes acceleration when it A) gains speed. B) loses speed. C) changes its direction. D) all of the above

D

Eratosthenes' measurements of Earth's size involved A) a deep well in Syene. B) a pillar's shadow in Alexandria. C) surveying the distance between Alexandria and Syene. D) all of the above

D

Neglecting air resistance, how fast must you toss a ball straight up in order for it to take 6 seconds to return to its initial level? A) 5 m/s B) 10 m/s C) 20 m/s D) 30 m/s E) more than 30 m/s

D

Science and technology are A) responsible for all the good in the world. B) responsible for all the bad in the world. C) actually one and the same. D) fundamentally different from each other.

D

Technology is a tool that can A) be socially beneficial. B) be socially harmful when abused. C) lead to a better world. D) all of the above

D

The force exerted on the tires of a car that directly accelerate it along a road is exerted by the A) engine. B) tires. C) air. D) road. E) none of the above

D

The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific A) fact. B) hypothesis. C) law or principle. D) theory. E) none of the above

D

To a fair approximation, Early Greeks knew the A) size of Earth. B) size of the Moon. C) Earth-Moon distance. D) all of the above

D

Twelve seconds after starting from rest, a freely-falling cantelope has a speed of A) 10 m/s. B) 50 m/s. C) 100 m/s. D) more than 100 m/s.

D

An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit travels fastest when it is A) nearest Earth. B) farthest from Earth. C) everywhere along its orbit.

A

A karate chop is more effective if one's hand A) follows through upon impact. B) bounces upon impact. C) extends the time upon impact.

B

A 10-kilogram block is pushed across a horizontal surface with a horizontal force of 20 N against a friction force of 10 N. The acceleration of the block is A) 1 m/s2. B) 2 m/s2. C) 5 m/s2. D) 10 m/s2. E) none of the above

A

A ball thrown straight upward takes 10 seconds for its up-and- down round trip. Because of air resistance, the time taken for the ball just to go up is A) less than 5 s. B) 5 s. C) more than 5 s.

A

A bird sitting on the limb of a tree is moving about 30 km/s with respect to the Sun. If the bird takes 1 second to drop down to a worm below, the worm would be 30 km downrange from the bird when it reached the ground. This faulty reasoning is best countered with Newton's A) law of inertia. B) law of gravity. C) laws of motion. D) none of the above

A

A blue shift for light indicates that the light source is moving A) toward you. B) away from you. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

A bullet fired horizontally from a rifle begins to fall A) as soon as it leaves the barrel. B) after air friction reduces its speed. C) neither of these

A

A car by itself is capable of a certain maximum acceleration. When it tows a car of the same mass, its maximum acceleration is A) one half. B) one third. C) one fourth. D) the same. E) none of these

A

A coconut and a bird's feather fall from a tree through the air to the ground below. The force of air resistance is A) greater on the coconut. B) greater on the feather. C) the same on each.

A

A column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere contains a certain mass of air. If the column instead contained the same mass of mercury, its height would be about A) 3/4 meter. B) 10.3 meters. C) 5.6 kilometers. D) none of the above

A

A completely submerged object always displaces its own A) volume of fluid. B) weight of fluid. C) density of fluid. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

A force is a vector quantity because it has both A) magnitude and direction. B) mass and velocity. C) action and reaction counterparts. D) speed and direction.

A

A jet traveling at 1500 km/h passes overhead. The sonic boom produced is heard by A) a listener on the ground. B) the jet pilot. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

A large and a small person wish to parachute at equal terminal velocities. The larger person should A) get a larger parachute. B) jump lightly. C) pull upward on the supporting strands to decrease the downward net force. D) jump first from the plane.

A

A large heavy truck and a small baby carriage roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill, the baby carriage will likely have A) less momentum. B) about the same momentum. C) more momentum.

A

A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to a state of zero acceleration first? A) The light woman B) The heavy man C) Both should arrive at the same time. D) not enough information

A

A lunar month is about 28 days. If the Moon were closer to Earth than it is now, the lunar month would be A) less than 28 days. B) about 28 days. C) more than 28 days. D) need more information

A

A machine puts out 100 watts of power for every 1000 watts put into it. The efficiency of the machine is A) 10%. B) 50%. C) 90%. D) 110%. E) none of the above

A

A machine that promises more energy output than input is A) a fantasy. B) commonplace in today's technology. C) a long-shot worth investing in.

A

A piano tuner knows that a key on the piano is tuned to the frequency of a test tuning fork when the fork and key struck at same time produce beats of A) 0 Hz. B) 1 Hz. C) 2 Hz. D) 3 Hz. E) 4 Hz.

A

A primary difference between momentum and kinetic energy is A) momenta can cancel; kinetic energy cannot. B) kinetic energy can cancel; momenta cannot. C) either of the above depending on circumstances D) none of the above

A

A projectile is fired into the air at an angle of 50° above ground level and hits a target downrange. It will also hit the target if fired at an angle of A) 40°. B) 45°. C) 55°. D) 60°. E) none of the above

A

A projectile is launched vertically upward at 50 m/s. If air resistance does affect motion, then its speed upon returning to its starting point is A) less than 50 m/s. B) 50 m/s. C) more than 50 m/s.

A

A rocket coasts in an elliptical orbit about Earth. To attain escape velocity using the least amount of fuel in a brief firing time, should it fire off at the apogee, or at the perigee? (Hint: Let Fd = ∆ KE guide your thinking.) A) perigee, where it is closest and fastest B) apogee, where it is farthest and slowest C) same at either location D) same at any location

A

A sack of potatoes weighing 200 N falls from an airplane. As the velocity of fall increases, air resistance also increases. When air resistance equals 200 N, the sack's acceleration becomes A) 0 m/s2. B) 5 m/s2. C) 10 m/s2. D) infinite. E) none of the above

A

A scale from which a rock is suspended reads 5 N when the rock is out of water and 3 N when the rock is submerged. Buoyant force on the rock is A) 2 N. B) 3 N. C) 4 N. D) 5 N.

A

A spring is stretched 10 cm by a suspended 1-kg block. If two such springs side-by- side are used to suspend the 1-kg block, each spring will then stretch A) 5 cm. B) 10 cm. C) 20 cm. D) 30 cm. E) none of the above

A

A temperature inversion occurs when the upper layers of air are A) warmer than the lower regions of air. B) cooler than the lower regions of air. C) at the same temperature as lower regions of air.

A

A tiny gun made of a strong but very light material fires a bullet more massive than the gun itself. For such a weapon A) the target would be safer than the shooter. B) recoil problems would be lessened. C) conservation of energy would not hold. D) conservation of momentum would not hold. E) both conservation of energy and momentum would not hold.

A

A vertically oriented rocket that is able to sustain a continuous upward velocity of 8 km/s A) escape from Earth. B) be unable to escape Earth. C) eventually maintain a fixed orbit around Earth.

A

A very lightweight horizontal loop of wire is suspended from a fine spring, lowered into water, and then raised to the surface. Any further attempt to raise it causes the spring to A) stretch. B) contract. C) stay the same.

A

A weight suspended from a spring bobs up and down over a distance of 1 meter in two seconds. Its frequency is A) 0.5 hertz. B) 1 hertz. C) 2 hertz. D) none of the above

A

Acceleration due to gravity on the Moon is less than on Earth, and the Moon is smaller than Earth. This means that compared to an Earth satellite, a satellite in close orbit about the Moon would travel A) slower. B) faster. C) the same. D) need more information

A

According to the principle of continuity, the velocity of a fluid multiplied by the cross section through which it flows at one point will equal the product of A) velocity and cross section at another point. B) velocity and pressure at another point. C) a constraint factor. D) none of the above

A

A kilogram is a measure of an object's A) force. B) mass. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

An athlete can perform a certain number of pushups. The same athlete scaled up in size can A) fewer pushups. B) the same number of pushups. C) more pushups.

A

An element is distinct because of its number of A) protons. B) neutrons. C) electrons. D) the total mass of all the particles. E) none of the above

A

An elephant radiates less heat for its size than smaller animals because A) its radiating area is small compared to its volume. B) its radiating area is large compared to its volume. C) it is taller than smaller animals. D) it weighs more than smaller animals.

A

An industrial flywheel has a greater rotational inertia when most of its mass is A) nearer the rim. B) nearer the axis. C) uniformly spread out as in a disk.

A

An object in a vacuum has no A) buoyant force. B) mass. C) weight. D) temperature. E) all of the above

A

An object that completes 10 vibrations in 20 seconds has a frequency of A) 0.5 hertz. B) 2 hertz. C) 200 hertz.

A

An object that has kinetic energy must be A) moving. B) falling. C) at an elevated position. D) at rest. E) none of the above

A

An object with twice as much mass as another object has twice as much A) inertia. B) speed. C) acceleration due to gravity. D) all of the above

A

As a balloon high in the atmosphere descends, it undergoes a decrease in A) volume. B) density. C) weight. D) mass. E) none of the above

A

As a high-altitude balloon sinks lower into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in A) volume. B) density. C) weight. D) mass. E) none of the above

A

As the polar icecaps melt, the resulting water spreads over the entire Earth. This new mass distribution tends to make the length of a day A) longer. B) shorter. C) none of these

A

Atomic number refers to the number of A) protons in the nucleus. B) neutrons in the nucleus. C) nucleons in the nucleus.

A

Chinook winds tend to A) warm an environment. B) cool an environment. C) cool deserts at night. D) warm deserts at sunrise.

A

Compared to the volume of a kilogram of feathers, the volume of a kilogram of lead is A) less. B) more. C) the same.

A

Compressions and rarefactions are characteristics of A) longitudinal waves. B) transverse waves. C) both of these D) need more information

A

Compressions and rarefactions normally travel in A) the same direction in a wave. B) opposite directions in a wave. C) right angles to the wave direction. D) none of the above

A

Consider a moon that orbits one of our most distant planets in an elliptical path. The distance that the moon covers each day is A) greatest when closest to the planet. B) greatest when farthest from the planet. C) the same everywhere. D) need more information

A

Consider a string with several rocks tied along its length at equally spaced intervals. You whirl the string overhead so that the rocks follow circular paths. Compared with a rock at the end of the string, a rock at the middle moves A) half as fast. B) twice as fast. C) at the same linear speed.

A

Consider two flywheels of the same size and shape, but one with twice the mass. Rotational inertia of the more massive one is A) two times greater. B) four times greater. C) the same as the other one. D) half.

A

Consider two mercury barometers, one with twice the cross-sectional area of the other. Neglecting capillarity, compared with the wider tube, mercury in the smaller tube will rise A) to the same height. B) twice as high. C) four times as high. D) more than four times as high. E) none of the above

A

Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. The ball lands on a bullseye marked on the floor a horizontal distance equal to the ball's initial speed A) multiplied by its time in the air. B) coupled with its speed of fall. C) squared plus its downward speed squared when hitting the floor. D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

Each rolling wheel of a railroad train is tapered. Compared with the wide part, the narrow part of the wheel has a tangential speed that is A) less. B) greater. C) the same for both.

A

Earth satellites are typically more than 100 km high so as to be above Earth's A) atmosphere. B) gravitational field. C) both of these

A

Galileo's use of inclined planes allowed him to effectively A) slow down the ball's changes in speed. B) reduce the time of the ball's changes in speed. C) eliminate all changes in speed. D) eliminate friction.

A

Hydro and wind power are indirect forms of A) solar energy. B) fossil fuels deep down. C) nuclear energy in Earth's interior. D) none of the above

A

Ideally, a ball is thrown up at an angle and lands downrange. Because of air resistance, the distance reached is A) less. B) the same. C) greater. D) need more information

A

If Alex wishes to rotate his skateboard, then he must apply a A) torque. B) rotational maneuver. C) pause before bearing down on the board.

A

If Earth rotated more slowly about its axis, your weight would A) increase. B) decrease. C) stay the same. D) be zero.

A

If a turntable's rotational speed is doubled, then the linear speed of a pet hamster sitting on the edge of the record will A) double. B) halve. C) remain the same.

A

If more horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity, the object A) accelerates in the direction of the applied force. B) accelerates opposite the direction of the applied force. C) experiences greater friction. D) none of the above

A

If no external forces act on a moving object, it will A) continue moving at the same speed. B) move slower and slower until it finally stops. C) come to an abrupt halt. D) none of the above

A

If the speed of a motor scooter doubles, which of the following also doubles? A) momentum B) kinetic energy C) acceleration D) all of the above

A

If the volume of an object were doubled while its mass remained the same, its density would A) be half. B) double. C) stay the same. D) be four times as great.

A

If you bake cupcakes as directed for a cake, the cupcakes will be A) over-baked. B) under-baked. C) properly baked.

A

If you can't avoid being hit by a fast-moving object, you'll suffer a smaller contact force if you can extend that force over a A) longer time. B) shorter time. C) both the same

A

If you place a pipe over the end of a wrench when trying to rotate a stubborn bolt, effectively making the wrench handle twice as long, you'll multiply the torque by A) two. B) four. C) eight.

A

If you throw a stone horizontally from the top of a cliff, one second after leaving your hand its vertical distance below the top of the cliff is A) 5 m. B) 10 m. C) 15 m.

A

If you toss a coin straight upward while in a train moving at constant velocity, the coin will land A) as if you were at rest. B) in front of you. C) in back of you.

A

If your automobile runs out of fuel while driving, the engine stops. You don't come to an abrupt stop due to A) inertia. B) gravity. C) resistance. D) the principle of continuation.

A

Impulse involves the time that a force acts, whereas work involves the A) distance that a force acts. B) time and distance that a force acts. C) acceleration that a force produces.

A

In which case would you have the largest mass of gold? If your chunk of gold weighed 1 N on the A) Moon. B) Earth. C) planet Jupiter.

A

It there were no gravity a stone thrown upward at 45 degrees would follow a straight-line path. But because of gravity, at the end of 1 second, the stone is actually A) 5 m below the straight line. B) 10 m below the straight line. C) 15 m below the straight line.

A

Lobsters live on the bottom of the ocean, which means their density is A) greater than the density of sea water. B) equal to the density of sea water. C) less than the density of sea water.

A

Minimal orbital speed about Earth is about 8 km/s, and about the Moon is A) less than 8 km/s. B) more than 8 km/s. C) about 8 km/s.

A

Most of the mass of material that makes up a plasma is A) electrically neutral. B) always positively charged. C) always negatively charged.

A

Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Neglecting air resistance, the vertical component of the initial velocity A) decreases with time to reach the top. B) remains constant. C) increases with time to reach the top.

A

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because passengers hitting the dashboard encounter A) lengthened time of contact. B) shorter time of contact. C) decreased impulse. D) increased momentum.

A

Planets would crash into the Sun if it weren't for A) their tangential velocities. B) their vast distances from the Sun. C) the inverse-square law. D) their relatively small masses. E) the fact that they are beyond the main gravitation of the Sun.

A

Processes can proceed from disorder to order A) when input energy is supplied. B) on an everyday occurrence. C) never. D) none of the above

A

Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats, which means its density is A) less than the density of water. B) equal to the density of water. C) more than the density of water. D) need more information.

A

Recoil is noticeable if we throw a heavy ball while standing on roller skates. If instead we go through the motions of throwing the ball but hold onto it, our net recoil will be A) zero. B) the same as before. C) small, but noticeable.

A

Repeatedly dipping your fingers into water produces waves. Increasing the frequency of dipping produces waves that are A) shorter. B) longer. C) the same.

A

Sound travels faster in air if the air temperature is A) warm. B) cold. C) average. D) any of the above

A

Sound waves can interfere with one another so that no sound results. A) True B) False C) Either, depending on the air temperature.

A

Strange as it may seem, it is just as difficult to accelerate a car on a level surface on the Moon as it is here on Earth because A) the mass of the car is independent of gravity. B) the weight of the car is independent of gravity. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

Suspend your body from a pair of vertical ropes and the tension in each rope will be A) half your weight. B) equal to your weight. C) greater than your weight. D) none of the above

A

Tension is actually a force that tends to A) stretch something. B) compress something. C) break something. D) balance something.

A

The Bernoulli effect causes fast-moving vans on the highway to be drawn together when A) air speeds up in passing between them. B) air between them stagnates. C) they experience lift. D) all of the above

A

The F in FM radio stands for A) frequency. B) forced vibration at which resonance occurs. C) foul. D) female. E) fax.

A

The amount of energy converted to light by an incandescent light bulb is about A) 10% and the amount converted to heat about 90% B) 90% and the amount converted to heat about 10%. C) either of these depending on the brand.

A

The amount of water displaced by a liter-sized block of ordinary wood floating in water is A) less than 1 liter. B) 1 liter. C) more than 1 liter. D) depends on the water density E) none of the above

A

The attraction between unlike substances is called A) adhesion. B) cohesion. C) depends on the substances.

A

The beat frequency produced when a 240-hertz tuning fork and a 246-hertz tuning fork are sounded together is A) 6 hertz. B) 12 hertz. C) 240 hertz. D) 245 hertz. E) none of the above

A

The bell with the highest natural frequency is relatively A) small. B) large. C) either of these

A

The force required to maintain a constant velocity for an astronaut in free space is equal to A) zero. B) the mass of the astronaut. C) the weight of the astronaut. D) the force required to stop the astronaut. E) none of the above

A

The frequency of a certain wave is 10 hertz and its period is A) 0.1 second. B) 10 seconds. C) 100 seconds. D) none of the above

A

The greater the temperature difference between input and output reservoirs of a heat engine, the A) greater the efficiency. B) smaller the efficiency. C) both of the above D) none of the above

A

The larger a turkey cooked in a conventional oven at a given temperature, the A) more time per pound is needed. B) less time per pound is needed. C) the same time per pound is needed.

A

The main reason a person weighs less at the equator than at the poles involves the A) spin of the Earth. B) influence of the Sun, Moon, and all the planets. C) law of action and reaction.

A

The mass of a pet turtle that weighs 10 N is about A) 1 kg. B) 10 kg. C) 100 kg. D) 1000 kg. E) none of the above

A

The mass of matter is due mostly to its A) protons. B) electrons. C) both of these

A

The metal in a chunk of copper or iron is composed of A) crystals. B) non-crystalline fibers. C) amorphous particles. D) none of the above

A

The net force acting on an insect falling downward at constant velocity is A) zero. B) the weight of the insect. C) upward air resistance. D) none of the above

A

The net force on any object in equilibrium is A) zero. B) equal to its weight. C) less than its weight. D) non-zero when motion is involved.

A

The newton is a unit of A) force. B) mass. C) density. D) inertia.

A

The pascal is a pressure unit equal to A) 1 newton per square meter. B) 1 kilogram per square meter. C) 1 newton per square centimeter. D) 1 kilogram per square centimeter.

A

The source of every sound is something that is A) vibrating. B) moving. C) accelerating. D) undergoing simple harmonic motion. E) a net emitter of energy.

A

The speeds of the planets about the Sun depend on A) their distances from the Sun. B) the masses of the planets. C) their periods of rotation. D) none of the above

A

The strength of a beam is most related to its A) cross section. B) length. C) both of these

A

The strength of a rope depends on its A) thickness. B) length. C) both of these

A

The vibrations of a longitudinal wave move A) along the direction of wave travel. B) at right angles to the direction of wave travel. C) that changes with speed.

A

To make taffy apples, a candymaker buys 100 kg of large apples rather than 100 kg of small apples. That means she will need A) less taffy. B) more taffy. C) the same amount of taffy.

A

To rotate a stubborn screw, it is best to use a screwdriver that has a A) wide handle. B) long handle. C) greasy handle. D) none of the above

A

To totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat is A) possible. B) impossible. C) need more information D) none of the above

A

Two billiard balls having the same mass and speed roll toward each other. What is their combined momentum after they meet? A) zero B) half the sum of their original momentums C) twice the sum of their original momentums D) need more information

A

Two identical gliders slide toward each other on an air track. One moves at 1 m/s and the other at 2 m/s. They collide, stick, and moves at A) 1/2 m/s. B) 1/3 m/s. C) 1/6 m/s. D) 3/4 m/s. E) 1.5 m/s.

A

Two people are balanced on a seesaw. If one person leans inward toward the center of the seesaw, that person's end of the seesaw tends to A) rise. B) fall. C) stay at the same level. D) need more information

A

Two projectiles are fired from ground level at equal speeds but different angles. One is fired at an angle of 30° and the other at 60°. Neglecting air resistance, the projectile to hit the ground first will be the one fired at A) 30°. B) 60°. C) both hit at the same time

A

When Freddy Frog drops vertically from a tree onto a horizontally-moving skateboard, the speed of the skateboard A) decreases. B) increases. C) neither decreases nor increases.

A

When Nellie Newton hangs by the ends of a rope draped over a large pulley, the tension in each supporting vertical strand is A) half her weight. B) equal to her weight. C) twice her weight. D) none of the above

A

When a cannon is fired, it recoils as the cannonball is set in motion. The cannon and cannonball ideally acquire equal A) but opposite amounts of momentum. B) amounts of kinetic energy. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is A) zero. B) g. C) constant.

A

When a gas in a container expands to twice its volume, its density A) halves. B) doubles. C) quadruples. D) remains the same.

A

When a gas is heated and becomes a plasma, its electric charge is usually A) balanced. B) negative. C) positive. D) non-existent. E) none of these

A

When a load is placed on the middle of a horizontal beam supported at each end, the bottom part of the beam undergoes A) tension. B) compression. C) either of these D) none of these

A

When an elevator is accelerating upward, the frequency of a pendulum inside A) increases. B) decreases. C) doesn't change.

A

When boarding an airplane you bring a bag of chips. While in flight the bag puffs up, because A) air pressure in the air-tight bag is greater than cabin air pressure. B) suction is occurring. C) air pressure is affected by the Bernoulli principle. D) all the above E) none of the above

A

When bullets are fired from an airplane in the forward direction, the momentum of the airplane is A) decreased. B) unchanged. C) increased.

A

When holes are drilled through the wall of a water tower, water will spurt out with the greatest speed from the hole closest to A) the bottom of the tower. B) the middle of the tower. C) the top of the tower. D) all the same

A

When properly used, a hydraulic press, like a wheel and axle, is capable of multiplying force input. A) A true statement. B) A false statement. C) Yes, and in special cases, energy as well.

A

When the air of a fully-inflated party balloon quickly escapes, its temperature A) drops. B) rises. C) remains unchanged. D) none of the above

A

When the bottom string is pulled slowly in the heavy-ball- and-strings demonstration (Figure 4.8 in your book), tension A) in the top string is due to your pull plus the weight of the ball. B) is about the same in both strings. C) in the bottom string is zero.

A

When you blow air between a pair of closely-spaced Ping-Pong balls suspended by strings, the balls will swing A) toward each other. B) away from each other. C) away from the air stream, but not necessarily toward or away from each other.

A

When you compress air with a tire pump, the air temperature in the tire A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unaffected. D) none of the above

A

When you flick a card from beneath a coin that hardly moves, you're illustrating A) inertia. B) equilibrium. C) support force. D) friction.

A

When you observe the applications of pistons in lifting operations you're seeing A) Pascal's principle in action. B) how energy can be increased. C) both of these D) neither of these

A

When you place a stick in water and remove it, the stick is wet. If you instead place it in mercury the opposite occurs. The stick is dry. This is because adhesive forces are greater A) between stick and water. B) between the stick and mercury. C) between the mercury and the water. D) none of the above

A

When you rapidly stir raw eggs with an eggbeater, the temperature of the eggs A) increases. B) decreases. C) remain unchanged. D) none of the above

A

Which of these is a longitudinal wave? A) sound B) light C) radio D) all of the above E) none of the above

A

Which will remain the same for two identical books, one lying flat and the other standing on an end? A) weight B) pressure C) both of these D) neither of these

A

Which would require the greater change in a satellite's orbital speed (8 km/s); slowing down so it crashes into Earth, or speeding up so it escapes Earth? A) slowing down B) speeding up C) same each way D) need more information

A

While Debbie Diver holds her breath and swims deeper and deeper beneath the water's surface, her density A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same.

A

Your pet hamster sits on a record player that has constant angular speed. If the hamster moves to a point twice as far from the center, then its linear speed A) doubles. B) halves. C) remains the same.

A

A 101-MHz radio wave has vibrations per second of A) less than 101,000,000. B) 101,000,000. C) more than 101,000,000.

B

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest. The bowling ball and putty then move with a momentum of A) 0 kg m/s. B) 1 kg m/s. C) 2 kg m/s. D) 5 kg m/s. E) more than 5 kg m/s.

B

A 10-N block and a 1-N block lie on a horizontal frictionless table. To impart equal horizontal accelerations, we would have to push the heavier block with A) an equal force. B) 10 times as much force. C) 10 squared or 100 times as much force. D) 1/10 as much force. E) none of the above

B

A 10-kg brick and a 1-kg apple are dropped in a vacuum. The force of gravity on the brick is A) the same as the force on the apple. B) 10 times more than the force on the apple. C) one-tenth as much as on the apple. D) zero.

B

A 60-vibration- per-second wave travels 30 meters in 1 second. Its frequency is A) 30 hertz and it travels at 60 m/s. B) 60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s. C) 1800 hertz and it travels at 2 m/s. D) none of the above

B

A ball is thrown upward and caught when it returns. Compared with its initial speed and in the presence of air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is A) more. B) less. C) the same. D) need more information.

B

A ball is tossed upward. Neglecting air drag, the acceleration along its path is A) 0 g. B) g downward. C) g upward. D) g upward, then g downward. E) none of the above

B

A ball rolled along a horizontal surface maintains a constant speed because A) its velocity remains constant. B) no horizontal force acts on it. C) of inertia.

B

A base fiddle is louder than a harp because of its A) thicker strings. B) sounding board. C) lower pitch. D) all of the above E) none of the above

B

A boulder following a straight-line path at constant velocity has A) a net force acting upon it in the direction of motion. B) zero acceleration. C) no forces acting on it. D) none of the above

B

A bowling ball and a baseball accelerate equally when falling in a vacuum because A) their velocities are the same. B) the ratio of their weights to mass is the same. C) the force of gravity is the same for each in a vacuum. D) the force of gravity does not act in a vacuum. E) none of the above

B

A bullet fired horizontally over level ground hits the ground in 0.5 second. If it had been fired with twice the speed it would have hit the ground in A) less than 0.5 s. B) 0.5 s. C) more than 0.5 s.

B

A car by itself is capable of a certain maximum acceleration. When it tows a twice-as-massive car, its maximum acceleration is A) one half. B) one third. C) one fourth. D) the same. E) none of these

B

A car traveling at 22 m/s comes to an abrupt halt in 0.1 second when it hits a tree. What is the deceleration of the car? A) 110 m/s2 B) 220 m/s2 C) 800 m/s2 D) 880 m/s2 E) need more information

B

A coin and a ring roll down an incline at the same time. The one to first reach the bottom is the A) ring. B) coin. C) both reach the bottom at the same time

B

A column that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere contains a certain mass of air. If the column instead contained the same mass of water, its height would be about A) 3/4 meter. B) 10.3 meters. C) 5.6 kilometers. D) none of the above

B

A constant net force on a rail-road car produces constant A) velocity. B) acceleration. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

A creature that is scaled up in size, keeping its proportions, A) will be stronger relative to its greater weight. B) will be weaker relative to its greater weight. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top mainly because A) water is denser at deeper levels. B) water pressure increases with depth. C) surface tension exists only on the surface of liquids. D) it looks better. E) none of the above

B

A heat engine would have 100% efficiency if its low-temperature reservoir were A) as hot as its reservoir. B) at absolute zero. C) either of these D) neither of these

B

A heavy ball hangs by a string, with a second string attached to its bottom (Figure 4.8 in your book). A quick pull on the bottom string breaks the A) top string. B) bottom string. C) top or bottom string equally.

B

A heavy rock and a light rock of the same size are falling through the air from a tall building. The one that encounters the greatest air resistance is the A) light rock. B) heavy rock. C) same for both

B

A hunter on level ground fires a bullet at an angle of 10 degrees below the horizontal while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the level of the rifle. Which bullet will hit the ground first? A) the one dropped B) the one fired C) both hit at the same time.

B

A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to the ground first? A) The light woman B) The heavy man C) Both should arrive at the same time. D) not enough information

B

A metal block has a density of 5000 kg per cubic meter and a mass of 15,000 kg. What is its volume? A) 0.33 cubic meters B) 3 cubic meters C) 5 cubic meters D) 15 cubic meters E) none of the above

B

A metal block has a mass of 5 grams and a volume of 1 cubic centimeter. A piece of the same kind of metal with a volume of 2 cubic centimeters has a density of A) 2.5 g/cm3. B) 5 g/cm3. C) 10 g/cm3.

B

A mobile phone is pulled northward by a force of 10 N and at the same time pulled southward by another force of 15 N. The resultant force on the phone is A) 0 N. B) 5 N. C) 25 N. D) 150 N.

B

A moving van with a stone lightly glued to the midpoint of its ceiling smoothly moves at constant velocity. When the glue gives way, the stone falls and hits the floor A) ahead of the midpoint of the ceiling. B) exactly below the midpoint of the ceiling. C) behind the midpoint of the ceiling. D) none of the above

B

A pair of 10-N vectors at right angles to each other has a resultant of about A) 10 N. B) 14 N. C) 20 N. D) none of the above

B

A pair of wires support a heavy painting. Tension in the wires is greater when they are A) vertical. B) not vertical. C) the same regardless of the wire orientation. D) none of the above

B

A parallelogram is a four-sided figure with opposite sides that are A) equal. B) parallel. C) at right angles. D) none of the above

B

A projectile is launched vertically upward at 50 m/s. If air resistance is negligible, its speed upon returning to its starting point is A) less than 50 m/s. B) 50 m/s. C) more than 50 m/s.

B

A projectile that is fired vertically from the surface of Earth at 8 km/s will A) go into circular orbit about Earth. B) rise and fall back to Earth's surface. C) follow an uncertain path. D) escape from Earth.

B

A satellite coasting at constant speed in a circular orbit A) is beyond the pull of Earth's gravity B) is nevertheless accelerating. C) undergoes changes in its potential energy. D) none of the above

B

A strong spring is stretched 10 cm by a suspended block. If the block's weight is doubled, the spring will stretch to A) 15 cm. B) 20 cm. C) 40 cm. D) its elastic limit.

B

About how high can water at sea level be theoretically lifted by a vacuum pump? A) less than 10.3 m B) 10.3 m C) more than 10.3 m

B

Acceleration is greater for a satellite when it is at the A) apogee (farthest point). B) perigee (closest point). C) zenith. D) same acceleration at all of the above places.

B

According to Kepler, the speed of a planet is slowest when it is A) closest to the Sun. B) farthest from the Sun. C) neither, for speed is a constant.

B

An 800-N man stands at rest on two bathroom scales so that his weight is distributed evenly over both scales. The reading on each scale is A) 200 N. B) 400 N. C) 800 N. D) 1600 N. E) none of the above

B

An airplane travels at 141 km/h toward the northeast. What is its component of velocity due north? A) 41 km/h B) 100 km/h C) 110 km/h D) 141 km/h

B

An isotope is simply an atom that A) is electrically charged. B) has different numbers of neutrons for the same element. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

An object is dropped and freely falls to the ground with acceleration g. If it is thrown upward at an angle instead, neglecting air drag, the acceleration along its path will be A) less than g. B) the same. C) more than g.

B

An un-stretched hanging spring is 50 cm long. Suspending a 100-N block from it increases its length to 60 cm. Adding another 100-N block makes the spring's length A) 60 cm. B) 70 cm. C) 80 cm. D) 100 cm. E) 120 cm.

B

As a high-altitude balloon rises higher into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in A) volume. B) density. C) weight. D) mass. E) none of the above

B

As a parcel of air is swept upward, with no heat input or output, its temperature A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same.

B

Assuming that xenon (atomic number 54) and krypton (atomic number 36) have the same temperature and pressure, in which gaseous medium does sound travel faster? A) Xenon B) Krypton C) a mixture of both D) the same in both

B

Atoms heavier than helium were at one time manufactured by A) photosynthesis. B) thermonuclear fusion. C) radiant energy conversion. D) radioactivity. E) none of the above

B

Buoyant force is greater on a submerged 10-newton block of A) lead. B) aluminum. C) same on each

B

Burl and Paul have a total weight of 1300 N. The tensions in the supporting ropes that support their scaffold add to 1700 N. The weight of the scaffold itself must be A) 300 N. B) 400 N. C) 500 N. D) 600 N.

B

Burl and Paul paint signs together on a scaffold. Compared to their weights plus the weight of the scaffold, the sum of tensions in the supporting ropes is A) less. B) the same. C) greater. D) zero.

B

Compared to a bar of pure gold, the density of a pure gold ring is A) less. B) the same. C) slightly more. D) much more.

B

Compared to an empty ship, the same ship loaded with Styrofoam will float A) higher in the water. B) lower in the water. C) at the same level in the water.

B

Compared to the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-kilogram iron block, the buoyant force on a nearby 1-kilogram helium-filled balloon is A) considerably less. B) considerably more. C) the same.

B

Compared to the density of a kilogram of feathers, the density of a kilogram of lead is A) less. B) more. C) the same.

B

Compared to the mass of an apple on Earth, the mass of the apple on the Moon is A) one sixth as much. B) the same. C) six times as much. D) zero.

B

Consider the fictional case of the incredible shrinking woman. If a fictional shrinking woman shrinks to 0.1 her original height, her total skin area shrinks to A) 0.1 times its original value. B) 0.01 times its original value. C) 0.001 times its original value. D) 0.0001 times its original value. E) none of the above

B

Doubling the linear size of an object multiplies its area by A) 2 and its volume by 4. B) 4 and its volume by 8. C) 8 and its volume by 16. D) none of the above

B

Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. If the projection speed of the ball were greater, the time in the air would be A) less. B) the same. C) greater.

B

Dr. Chuck projects a ball horizontally from a lab bench. The ball lands on a bullseye marked on the floor a horizontal distance away. Compared to the time for the ball to simply drop vertically from the bench, the time in the air for Dr. Chuck's projected ball is A) less. B) the same. C) greater.

B

Earth continually moves about 30 km/s through space, which means the wall you stand next to also is moving at 30 km/s. When you jump vertically the wall doesn't slam into you because A) the speeds of you and Earth cancel out. B) you're moving horizontally just as fast as the wall. C) your upward motion is small compared with Earth's speed. D) motion of the Sun counteracts your motion.

B

Entropy is most closely related to the A) first law of thermodynamics. B) second law of thermodynamics. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

Escape speed from the Sun is A) about the same as from Earth. B) very much greater than for Earth. C) indefinite.

B

For all paths of Earth satellites, one focus of the path is A) the location from which the satellite was launched. B) Earth's center. C) the Sun's center. D) need more information

B

From Earth, one satellite appears to overtake another. The faster satellite is A) higher. B) lower. C) smaller. D) can't say

B

Galileo taught us that if you roll a ball along a level surface it will A) soon slow down due to its natural place. B) keep rolling if friction is absent. C) roll as long as its inertia nudges it along. D) soon roll in the opposite direction.

B

Galileo's interpretation of motion differed from Aristotle's in that Galileo emphasized A) the acceleration of free fall. B) rates of time. C) the role of distance in describing motion. D) none of the above

B

Hang time is the time your feet are off the ground in a jump. If you jump upward inside a moving vehicle, your hang time will be A) slightly more. B) the same. C) slightly less.

B

Harry places a new air conditioner in the middle of his hot room, which when operating A) cools the room. B) further warms the room. C) neither of these

B

High-quality energy in natural processes has a tendency to transform into A) higher quality energy. B) lower quality energy. C) internal energy. D) entropy. E) none of the above

B

Horses with the greatest linear speed on a carouselmerry-go-round are located A) near the center. B) near the outside. C) anywhere, because they all move at the same speed.

B

If a child swinging to and fro on a playground swing stands up, her time for a to-and- fro swing A) longer. B) shorter. C) unchanged.

B

If a cup of tea at room temperature, 24°C is heated until it has twice the internal energy, unlike a piece of metal, its temperature will be A) 48°C. B) 100°C. C) 321°C. D) 594°C. E) none of the above

B

If a gram of antimatter meets a kilogram of matter, the amount of mass to survive is A) 1 gram. B) 999 grams. C) 1 kilogram. D) 1.1 kilogram.

B

If a loaf of bread is compressed its A) density decreases. B) density increases. C) neither of these

B

If a piece of iron and a cup of water at the same temperature are heated so the internal energy of each doubles A) the water will have the higher temperature. B) the iron will have the higher temperature. C) both will have the same temperature. D) need more information

B

If all people, animals, trains and trucks all over the world began to walk or run towards the east (opposite the direction of Earth's spin), then A) Earth would spin a bit faster. B) Earth would spin a bit slower. C) Earth's spin would not be affected at all.

B

If an all-electric car has kinetic energy, then it also must have A) impulse. B) momentum. C) acceleration. D) force. E) none of the above

B

If an elephant grows proportionally to twice its height, the area of its ears would be about A) twice. B) four times more. C) six times more. D) eight times more. E) none of the above

B

If an object's mass is decreasing while a constant force is applied to the object, the acceleration A) decreases. B) increases. C) remains the same.

B

If each dimension of a steel bridge is scaled up ten times, its strength will be multiplied by about A) ten and its weight by ten also. B) one hundred, and its weight by one thousand. C) one thousand, and its weight by one hundred thousand. D) none of the above

B

If one of the pair of Magdeburg hemispheres were fastened to a strong tree, the force needed by a single party to pull them apart would be A) half as much. B) the same. C) twice as much. D) none of the above

B

If the mass of an object were doubled while its volume remained the same, its density would A) be half. B) double. C) stay the same. D) be four times as great.

B

If you are driving at 20 m/s and slam on your brakes and skid at 0.5g to a full stop, the skidding time is about A) 3 s. B) 4 s. C) 5 s. D) 6 s. E) greater than 6 s.

B

If you double the frequency of a vibrating object, its period A) doubles. B) halves. C) is quartered.

B

If you double the net force on an object, you'll double its A) acceleration. B) speed. C) velocity. D) all the above

B

If you float a piece of wood in a container brim-full of water that rests on a weighing scale, some water will spill. Then the weight reading on the scale will A) decrease. B) remain unchanged. C) increase.

B

Neglecting air resistance, Sammy Smarts on a high ladder releases a ball that strikes the ground with 100 J of kinetic energy. If he were to instead throw the ball straight upward, it will soon reach the ground with a kinetic energy of A) less than 100 J. B) 100 J. C) more than 100 J.

B

Nellie hangs from a pair of ropes at an angle. Tension in the ropes depends on the A) length of the ropes. B) angle of the ropes. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

Nellie pulls on a 10-kg wagon with a constant horizontal force of 30 N. If there are no other horizontal forces, what is the wagon's acceleration? A) 0.3 m/s2 B) 3.0 m/s2 C) 10 m/s2 D) 30 m/s2 E) 300 m/s2

B

Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Assuming no air resistance, which component of velocity changes with time? A) the horizontal component B) the vertical component C) both of these D) neither of these

B

Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal component of the initial velocity A) decreases with time. B) remains constant. C) increases with time.

B

On a balanced seesaw, a boy three times as heavy as his partner sits A) less than 1/3 the distance from the fulcrum. B) 1/3 the distance from the fulcrum. C) more than 1/3 the distance from the fulcrum.

B

Pioneer 10 was able to escape the solar system by A) having a sufficient escape velocity at launch. B) "bouncing off" Jupiter like a tennis ball bouncing off an approaching tennis racket. C) refueling via solar cells. D) nuclear-powered sustained thrust.

B

Relative to an initial height, an object raised twice as high has a gravitational potential energy A) half as much B) twice as much. C) four times as much. D) need more information

B

Sound refraction can occur when the speed of sound A) remains constant. B) changes. C) ranges below supersonic. D) none of the above

B

Sound will be louder if a struck tuning fork is held A) in the air. B) with its base against a tabletop. C) with its prongs in shallow water. D) in your closed fist.

B

Stand a broom upright on the end of its pole and let it topple to the floor. Repeat, but with the bristles end on the floor. The faster fall will be the broom standing on its A) pole-end. B) bristles-end. C) the same either way

B

Stand a meterstick on its end and let it rotate to the floor. If you attach a heavy glob of clay to its upper end and repeat, the time to fall will be A) shorter. B) longer. C) the same.

B

Stone slabs are stronger under A) tension. B) compression. C) both of these D) none of these

B

Strictly speaking, to weigh less in the Northern Hemisphere, you should move to a location farther A) north (toward the pole). B) south (toward the equator). C) east. D) west.

B

Support a horizontal toothpick at both ends. Then do likewise for a log of the same kind of wood. There is more sag in the A) toothpick. B) log. C) same in each

B

Surface tension of liquids A) increases when wetting agents are added. B) decreases as the liquid temperature increases. C) is about the same for all liquids. D) results from a thin molecular membrane beneath the liquid surface. E) keeps steel ships afloat.

B

Systems alone tend to move toward a state of A) less entropy. B) more entropy. C) no entropy. D) none of the above

B

The approximate range of human hearing is A) 10 hertz to 10,000 hertz. B) 20 hertz to 20,000 hertz. C) 40 hertz to 40,000 hertz. D) none of the above

B

The attraction between like substances, stickiness, is called A) adhesion. B) cohesion. C) depends on the substances.

B

The average braking force of a 1000-kg car moving at 10 m/s braking to a stop in 5 s is A) 1000 N. B) 2000 N. C) 3000 N. D) 4000 N. E) 5000 N.

B

The bob of a conical pendulum swings in a A) to-and-fro path. B) circular path. C) chaotic path.

B

The effects of scaling are beneficial to small creatures A) that get wet. B) that fall from great heights. C) who are hungry. D) all of the above E) none of the above

B

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of A) momentum. B) energy. C) electric charge. D) all of the above E) none of the above

B

The first scientist to be credited for postulating that Earth circled the Sun was A) Aristotle. B) Copernicus. C) Galileo. D) Newton.

B

The first scientist to introduce the concept of inertia was A) Aristotle. B) Galileo. C) Newton. D) Copernicus.

B

The force of gravity does work on a satellite when it is in A) circular orbit. B) elliptical orbit. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

The orbital path of a satellite has two focal points. When both focal points are together A) the satellite path is an ellipse. B) the satellite path is a circle. C) satellites lose speed.

B

The origin of most internal energy in Earth's interior is A) the Sun. B) radioactivity. C) volcanoes. D) none of the above

B

The paths of fragments of fireworks are A) normally straight lines. B) parabolas. C) different from the paths of projectiles.

B

The power expended doing 100 J of work in 50 s is A) 1/2 W. B) 2 W. C) 4 W. D) 50 W. E) 5,000 W.

B

The power required to exert 4-N force over 3 meters in 2 seconds is A) 4 W. B) 6 W. C) 8 W. D) 12 W. E) none of the above

B

The radial velocity of an Earth satellite is its velocity A) parallel to the surface of Earth. B) perpendicular to the surface of Earth. C) attributed to satellites moving in any direction. D) none of the above

B

The source of a sonic boom may be a A) whip. B) a high-speed bullet. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

The speed of an Earth satellite does NOT depend on its A) distance from Earth. B) mass. C) but it depends on both D) it depends on neither

B

The vibrations of a transverse wave move A) along the direction of wave travel. B) at right angles to the direction of wave travel. C) that changes with speed.

B

The volume of matter is due mostly to its A) protons. B) electrons. C) both of these

B

The volume of water displaced by a floating 20-ton boat A) is 20 cubic meters. B) is the volume of 20 tons of water. C) is the volume of the boat. D) depends on the shape of the ship's hull. E) none of the above

B

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart a given distance while applying twice as much force is A) half as much. B) twice as much. C) four times as much. D) the same amount.

B

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying the same force is A) half as much. B) twice as much. C) four times as much. D) the same amount.

B

To estimate the distance in kilometers of a flash of lightning, count the number of seconds between seeing the flash and hearing the accompanying thunder, then divide by A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5. E) none of the above

B

To kick a football so it won't topple end over end, kick it so the force of impact extends A) above its center of gravity. B) through its center of gravity. C) below its center of gravity.

B

To multiply an applied force while using a simple hydraulic lift, your force should be applied to the A) large-diameter piston. B) small-diameter piston. C) relative piston sizes don't matter.

B

Toss a baseball bat into the air and it wobbles about its A) geometrical center. B) center of mass. C) heavier end.

B

Two identical blocks of iron are placed in contact, one at 10°C and the other at 20°C. If the cooler block cools to 5°C and the warmer block warms to 25°C, this would violate the A) first law of thermodynamics. B) second law of thermodynamics. C) third law of thermodynamics. D) none of the above

B

Two vehicles with equal magnitudes of momentum traveling at right angles to each other undergo an inelastic collision. The combined wreck moves in a direction A) parallel to either of the cars before collision. B) at 45 degrees to the direction of either car before collision. C) at some angle other than 45 degrees.

B

Water pressure on a submerged object is greatest against its A) top. B) bottom. C) sides. D) same against all surfaces E) none of the above

B

What is the weight of water displaced by a 100-ton floating ship? A) less than 100 tons B) 100 tons C) more than 100 tons D) 100 cubic meters E) depends on the ship's shape

B

When Burl and Paul stand on opposite ends of a sign-painting scaffold, the tensions in the supporting ropes A) are equal. B) depend on the relative weights of Burl and Paul. C) combine to equal zero. D) are in equilibrium.

B

When Nellie Newton hangs at rest in the middle of a clothesline, tensions will be the same in each side of the rope when A) the lengths of each rope are the same. B) the angles for both sides of the rope are equal. C) she is in equilibrium.

B

When Philadelphia's temperature is 40°F and Miami's temperature is 80°F, A) Miami is twice as hot as Philadelphia. B) Miami is warmer than Philadelphia. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

When a boxer is moving away from a punch, the force experienced is reduced because A) momentum transfer is reduced. B) the time of contact is increased. C) the force is less effective. D) all of the above

B

When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is A) halved. B) unchanged. C) doubled.

B

When a large floating ice cube with unfrozen water inside melts, the water level in its container A) goes down. B) remains unchanged. C) goes up.

B

When a load is placed on the middle of a horizontal beam supported at each end, the top part of the beam undergoes A) tension. B) compression. C) either of these D) none of these

B

When a parcel of air expands against the environment and no heat enters or leaves, its temperature A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unchanged.

B

When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is A) pulled to the wall by the vacuum. B) pushed to the wall by the atmosphere. C) both of these D) neither of these

B

When a system does work without adding heat, the temperature of the system A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains unchanged. D) none of the above

B

When an object is partly or wholly immersed in a liquid, it is buoyed up A) by a force equal to its own weight. B) by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced. C) and floats in accord with Archimedes' principle. D) all of the above E) none of the above

B

When scrap iron in a boat is thrown overboard in a swimming pool, the pool level A) rises. B) falls. C) remains unchanged.

B

When sound travels faster higher above the ground than below, bending of sound tends to be A) upward. B) downward. C) to the left. D) to the right. E) none of the above

B

When the handle of a tuning fork is held solidly against a table, the sound becomes louder and the time that the fork keeps vibrating A) becomes longer. B) becomes shorter. C) remains the same.

B

When the potential energy of a satellite decreases A) kinetic energy also decreases. B) its kinetic energy correspondingly increases. C) its distance from the orbiting body increases. D) none of the above

B

When tuning a radio to a particular station, you match the frequency of the internal electrical circuit with the frequency of the wanted radio station. What principle is being employed? A) forced vibrations B) resonance C) beats D) reverberation E) wave interference

B

When weight is applied to the top of a stone arch, the stone blocks in the arch undergo A) tension. B) compression. C) expansion. D) none of the above

B

When you quickly jerk a cart forward that has a ball resting in the middle, the A) front of the cart hits the ball. B) back of the cart hits the ball. C) neither, for the ball rides along in the middle as the cart moves forward. D) All of the above depending on how quickly the cart is pulled.

B

Whenever the net force on an object is zero, its acceleration A) may be less than zero. B) is zero. C) may be more than zero.

B

Which ball is more elastic? A) a common rubber ball B) a steel ball C) both the same

B

Which ball will bounce higher off a hard surface? A) a common rubber ball B) a steel ball C) both the same

B

Which has greater kinetic energy? A) a car traveling at 30 km/hr B) a car of half the mass traveling at 60 km/hr C) both the same D) need more information

B

Which has more skin compared to its body weight? A) an elephant B) a mouse C) both the same

B

Which has the greater mass? A) a king-size pillow B) an automobile battery C) both the same

B

Which is the lightest particle? A) proton B) electron C) neutron D) all about the same

B

Which of the following are electrically neutral? A) protons B) neutrons C) electrons D) ions E) none of the above

B

Which of the following has the largest momentum relative to Earth's surface? A) a tightrope walker crossing Niagara Falls B) a pickup truck speeding along a highway C) a Mack truck parked in a parking lot D) the Science building on campus E) a mouse running across your room

B

Which of the following is an inert gas? A) Hydrogen B) Helium. C) Carbon D) Oxygen

B

A 5-kg fish swimming at 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish at rest. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is A) 1/2 m/s. B) 2/5 m/s. C) 5/6 m/s. D) 6/5 m/s. E) 1 m/s.

C

A Doppler effect occurs when a source of sound moves A) towards you. B) away from you. C) either of these D) neither of these

C

A 1-kg glider and a 2-kg glider both slide toward each other at 1 m/s on an air track. They collide and stick. The combined mass moves at A) 0 m/s. B) 1/2 m/s. C) 1/3 m/s. D) 1/6 m/s. E) 1.5 m/s.

C

A 10-N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. The net force on the object is A) 0 N. B) 4 N. C) 6 N. D) 10 N. E) none of the above

C

A 1000-kg automobile enters a freeway on-ramp at 20 m/s and accelerates uniformly up to 40 m/s in a time of 10 seconds. How far does the automobile travel during that time? A) 100 m B) 200 m C) 300 m D) 400 m E) none of the above

C

A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted to the same height. Raising the more massive car requires A) less work. B) as much work. C) twice as much work. D) four times as much work. E) more than four times as much work.

C

A 2000-kg car experiences a braking force of 10,000 N and skids to a stop in 6 seconds. The speed of the car just before the brakes were applied was A) 1.2 m/s. B) 15 m/s. C) 30 m/s. D) 45 m/s. E) none of the above

C

A 300-kg bear grasping a vertical tree slides down at constant velocity. The friction force between the tree and the bear is A) 30 N. B) 300 N. C) 3000 N. D) more than 3000 N.

C

A 5-N block of wood is difficult to fully submerge in a pool of mercury because the buoyant force on the block when submerged is A) less than 5 N. B) 5 N. C) much more than 5 N.

C

Which has the greater momentum when moving? A) a container ship B) a bullet C) either of these depending on speed

C

A block of wood with a piece of iron tied to the top of it floats in a bucket of water. If the wood and iron are turned over so that the iron is submerged beneath the wood, the water level at the side of the bucket A) rises. B) falls. C) remains the same.

C

A bow wave is produced when a speed boat moves A) nearly as fast as the waves it produces. B) as fast as the waves it produces. C) faster than the waves it produces. D) none of the above

C

A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake A) rises to the top at constant volume. B) becomes smaller as it rises. C) becomes larger as it rises. D) alternately expands and contracts as it rises. E) none of the above

C

A buoyant force acts on A) gas-filled balloons. B) you and your classmates. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

A cannon recoils while firing a cannonball. The speed of the cannon's recoil is relatively small because the A) force against the cannon is smaller than against the ball. B) momentum is mainly concentrated in the cannonball. C) cannon has much more mass than the cannonball. D) momentum of the cannon is smaller.

C

A common pulley acts similar to a A) hydraulic press. B) gear. C) common lever. D) tension producer.

C

A crate of grapes lifted 10 meters gains 200 J of potential energy. If the same crate is instead lifted 20 meters, its gain in potential energy is A) half as much. B) the same. C) twice as much. D) four times as much. E) more than four times as much.

C

A dolphin perceives its environment by the sense of A) sight. B) sound. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

A force of 1 N accelerates 1-kg box at the rate of 1 m/s2. The acceleration of a 2-kg box by a net force of 2 N is A) half as much. B) twice as much. C) the same. D) none of the above

C

A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 second later? A) 50 m B) 98 m C) 100 m D) 490 m E) none of the above

C

A gymnast performing somersaults in a high-flying plane moving at constant velocity needs to make A) small adjustments to compensate for the airplane's velocity. B) major adjustments to compensate for the airplane's velocity. C) no adjustments. D) none of the above

C

A heavy block at rest is suspended by a vertical rope. When the block accelerates upward by the rope, the rope tension A) is less than its weight. B) equals its weight. C) is greater than its weight.

C

A horizontal wooden beam sags a bit when supported at its ends. In between the top and bottom surfaces is a region of A) tension. B) compression. C) neither of these

C

A hospital patient confined to bed will be less likely to develop bed sores with a A) firm mattress. B) soft mattress. C) water bed. D) none of these will help.

C

A jack system will increase the potential energy of a heavy load by 1000 J with a work input of 2000 J. The efficiency of the jack system is A) 10%. B) 20%. C) 50%. D) 80%. E) need more information

C

A jumbo jet has a mass of 100,000 kg. The thrust for each of its four engines is 50,000 N. What is the jet's acceleration when taking off? A) 0.25 m/s2 B) 1 m/s2 C) 2 m/s2 D) 4 m/s2 E) none of the above

C

A karate expert executes a swift blow and breaks a cement block with her bare hand. The magnitude of the force on her hand is A) zero. B) less than the force applied to the cement block. C) the same as the force applied to the block. D) more than the force applied to the block. E) need more information

C

A lunar month is about 28 days. If the Moon were farther from Earth than it is now, the lunar month would be A) less than 28 days. B) about 28 days. C) more than 28 days. D) need more information

C

A melon is tossed straight upward with 100 J of kinetic energy. If air resistance is negligible the melon will return to its initial level with a kinetic energy of A) less than 100 J. B) more than 100 J. C) 100 J. D) need more information

C

A mountain that floats on the mantle indicates that the density of the mantle is A) less than that of the mountain. B) about the same as that of the mountain. C) greater than that of the mountain. D) none of the above

C

A package falls off a truck that is moving at 30 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal speed of the package just before it hits the ground is A) zero. B) less than 30 m/s but more than zero. C) about 30 m/s. D) more than 30 m/s.

C

A pair of equal-length vectors at right angles to each other have a resultant. If the angle between the vectors is less than 90°, their resultant is A) less. B) the same. C) greater.

C

A pair of helium nuclei fused together produces A) helium isotope. B) lithium. C) beryllium. D) carbon. E) iron.

C

A projectile that is fired vertically from the surface of Earth at 5 km/s will A) go into circular about Earth. B) go into an elliptical orbit about Earth. C) rise and fall back to Earth's surface. D) none of the above

C

A ring, a disk, and a solid sphere begin rolling down a hill together. Which reaches the bottom first? A) ring B) disk C) sphere D) all reach the bottom at the same time E) need more information

C

A same-size iron ball and wooden ball are dropped simultaneously from a tower and reach the ground at the same time. The iron ball has a greater A) speed. B) acceleration. C) momentum. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

A sheet of paper can be quickly jerked beneath a container of milk without toppling, which best demonstrates A) net force. B) the difference between force and mass. C) inertia.

C

A shock wave is produced when a wave source moves A) nearly as fast as the waves it produces. B) as fast as the waves it produces. C) faster than the waves it produces. D) none of the above

C

A soda-pop can containing only steam is placed top downward in a pan of water. Whap! The can is dramatically crushed by atmospheric pressure. The reduced pressure inside the can is due A) contact with the relatively cooler water. B) sudden slowing of the air and steam molecules inside. C) condensation of steam inside. D) reduced internal energy. E) rapid conduction of heat to the relatively cool water.

C

A sonic boom is produced by an airplane flying at a speed A) just below the speed of sound. B) equal to the speed of sound. C) greater than the speed of sound. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

A swimming area in a rotating space habitat is located in a region of 1/4 g. If a diver can jump 1 m high in a 1-g region, how high can the same diver jump in the swimming area? A) 1 m B) 2 m C) 4 m D) 16 m E) more than 16 m

C

A tow truck exerts a force of 3000 N on a car, which then accelerates at 2 m/s2. What is the mass of the car? A) 500 kg B) 1000 kg C) 1500 kg D) 3000 kg E) none of these

C

A weightless astronaut in an orbiting satellite is A) shielded from Earth's gravitational field. B) beyond the pull of gravity. C) like the satellite, pulled by Earth's gravitation. D) none of the above

C

A weightless spring is stretched 10 cm by a suspended 1-kg block. If two such springs are used to suspend the block, one spring above the other, to effectively provide one double-length spring, then the total stretch of the double-length spring will be A) 5 cm. B) 10 cm. C) 20 cm. D) 30 cm. E) none of the above

C

According to Kepler, the line from the Sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of space A) with each complete revolution. B) only when the paths are ellipses. C) in equal time intervals.

C

According to Kepler, the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the A) planet's average distance from the Sun. B) square of the planet's average distance from the Sun. C) cube of the planet's average distance from the Sun.

C

After a rock thrown straight up reaches the top of its path and then falls a short distance, its acceleration is (neglect air resistance) A) greater than at the top of its path. B) less than at the top of its path. C) the same as at the top of its path.

C

Airplane flight best illustrates A) Archimedes' principle. B) Pascal's principle. C) Bernoulli's principle. D) Boyle's law.

C

Alcohol is less dense than water. If alcohol is used to make a barometer at normal atmospheric pressure, the height of the alcohol column would be A) less than 10.3 m. B) 10.3 m. C) more than 10.3 m.

C

An Earth satellite in an elliptical orbit has its smallest speed A) closest to Earth. B) when getting farther from Earth. C) when farthest from Earth. D) need more information

C

An Earth satellite in close orbit circles Earth in about an hour and a half. How long would a satellite located as far away as the Moon take to orbit Earth? A) the same hour and a half B) less than an hour and a half C) about 28 days D) need more information E) none of the above

C

An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of A) entropy. B) pressure change. C) heat exchange. D) temperature change. E) none of the above

C

An apple at rest weighs 1 N. The net force on the apple when it is in free fall is A) 0 N. B) 0.1 N. C) 1 N. D) 9.8 N. E) none of the above

C

An egg rests at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. When salt is slowly added to the water the egg rises and floats, from which we conclude A) salt water is denser than fresh water. B) salt water is denser than an egg. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

An object is thrown vertically into the air. In this case air resistance affects motion. Compared with its time for ascent, the time for its descent is A) shorter. B) the same. C) longer. D) need more information

C

An object released from rest on another planet requires one second to fall a distance of 6 meters. What is the acceleration due to gravity on this planet? A) 3 m/s2 B) 6 m/s2 C) 12 m/s2 D) 15 m/s2 E) none of the above

C

An object that completes 20 vibrations in 10 seconds has a frequency of A) 0.5 hertz. B) 1 hertz. C) 2 hertz. D) 200 hertz.

C

An object's weight is properly expressed in units of A) meters. B) kilograms. C) newtons. D) cubic centimeters.

C

An umbrella tends to move upwards on a windy day principally because A) trapped air under the umbrella, warms, and rises. B) buoyancy increases with increasing wind speed. C) air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface. D) all of the above

C

Angular momentum is conserved for a satellite in A) circular orbit. B) elliptical orbit. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

Angular momentum is greater for a satellite when it is at the A) apogee (farthest point). B) perigee (nearest point). C) same at apogee and perigee

C

As a fluid gains speed, its internal pressure A) increases. B) remains unchanged. C) decreases.

C

As a huge rotating cloud of particles in space gravitate together forming an increasingly dense ball, it shrinks in size and A) rotates slower. B) rotates at the same speed. C) rotates faster. D) cannot rotate.

C

Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space due to A) their chaotic speeds. B) their relatively low densities. C) Earth gravitation. D) cohesive forces.

C

Buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object because A) it acts in a direction to oppose gravity. B) the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force. C) pressure against its bottom is greater than pressure against its top. D) none of the above

C

Buoyant force is greater on a submerged 1-cubic centimeter block of A) lead. B) aluminum. C) same on each

C

Communications and weather satellites always appear at the same place in the sky, because these satellites are A) beyond the pull of Earth's gravitational field. B) moving at a speed just short of escape velocity. C) orbiting Earth with a 24-hour period. D) stationary in space. E) none of the above

C

Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is A) 8 times as great. B) 12 times as great. C) 16 times as great. D) appreciably more than 16 times as great.

C

Compared with a solid steel bar having a rectangular cross-section, an I-beam has the advantage of A) being lighter. B) being stronger per bodyweight. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

Compared with the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-liter helium-filled balloon, the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a nearby 1-liter solid iron block is A) considerably less. B) considerably more. C) the same.

C

Compared with the period of satellites in close Earth orbit, the period of satellites orbiting far from Earth is A) shorter. B) the same. C) longer. D) need more information

C

Consider a monkey wrench released at rest at the far edge of the solar system. Suppose that it drops to Earth by virtue of only Earth gravity. It will strike Earth's surface with a speed of about A) 10 m/s. B) 8 km/s. C) 11.2 km/s. D) the speed of light.

C

During an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas A) the internal energy of the gas remains constant. B) the temperature of the gas does not change. C) no heat enters or leaves the gas. D) no work is done on the gas. E) none of the above

C

Eight little spheres of mercury coalesce to form a single sphere. Compared to the combined surface areas of the eight little spheres, the surface area of the big sphere is A) one eighth. B) one quarter. C) one half. D) the same. E) double.

C

Entropy is a measure of A) messiness. B) disorder. C) both of the above D) none of the above

C

Escape speed from Earth is A) 8 km/s. B) 9 km/s. C) 11.2 km/s. D) 63 km/s.

C

Escape speed from Mars is A) about the same as from Earth. B) greater than from Earth. C) less than from Earth.

C

Escape speed from the Moon is A) about the same as from Earth. B) much greater than from Earth. C) much less than from Earth.

C

For a system in mechanical equilibrium, the resultant A) force must be zero. B) torque must be zero. C) both of these D) none of these

C

Freddy Frog drops vertically from a tree onto a horizontally-moving skateboard. The reason he doesn't slip off the skateboard is due to A) inertia in motion. B) momentum change. C) friction between his feet and the board.

C

How long a tuning fork vibrates when its handle is held against a table is most related to A) its frequency. B) resonance. C) the conservation of energy. D) the length of its prongs.

C

If Nellie hangs from a horizontal bar that is supported by four vertical ropes, the tension in the ropes A) are each half her weight. B) are each equal to her weight. C) add to equal her weight. D) none of the above

C

If a 10°C piece of iron is heated until it has twice as much internal energy, its temperature will A) 20°C. B) 273°C. C) 293°C. D) 566°C. E) none of the above

C

If a fictional shrinking man shrinks proportionately to 1/10 his original height, his weight will be multiplied by A) 0.1. B) 0.01. C) 0.001. D) 0.0001. E) none of the above

C

If a non-rotating object has no acceleration, then we can say for certain that it is A) at rest. B) moving at constant non-zero velocity. C) in mechanical equilibrium. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

If a pencil's length and diameter are both multiplied by 10, then its volume is multiplied by A) 10. B) 100. C) 1000. D) 10,000. E) none of the above

C

If an apple experiences a constant net force, it will have a constant A) velocity. B) speed. C) acceleration. D) position. E) more than one of the above

C

If less horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity, the object A) accelerates in the direction of the applied force. B) experiences decreased friction. C) eventually slides to a stop. D) none of the above

C

If the net force on a cart is tripled, the cart's acceleration A) is one third. B) is two thirds. C) is three times as much. D) is more than three times as much.

C

If you float a piece of wood in a container half-full of water that rests on a weighing scale, the weight reading on the scale will A) decrease. B) remain unchanged. C) increase.

C

If you toss a coin straight upward in train that gains speed while the coin is in the air, the coin will land A) as if you were at rest. B) in front of you. C) in back of you.

C

If you're on a Ferris wheel at a carnival, seated 10 m from the Ferris wheel's axis that makes a complete rotation each minute, your linear speed is A) 10 m/min. B) 31.4 m/min. C) 62.8 m/min. D) 100 m/min. E) need more information

C

In drinking soda or water through a straw, we make use of A) capillary action. B) surface tension. C) atmospheric pressure. D) Bernoulli's principle. E) none of the above

C

In our part of the universe, antimatter is A) non-existent. B) plentiful. C) short-lived. D) long-lived.

C

It takes Neptune a longer time to orbit the Sun than Earth does because Neptune A) has much further to go. B) goes much slower. C) both of these D) none of these

C

Neglecting friction, a small and a large block of ice begin sliding down an incline together. The larger block reaches the bottom A) before the small block. B) after the small block. C) at the same time as the small block.

C

Nellie pulls with a force of 50 N on a horizontal rope tied to a tree at rest. The net force on the rope is A) 50 N and rope tension is 0 N. B) 50 N and rope tension is also 50 N. C) zero and rope tension is 50 N. D) zero and rope tension is also zero.

C

Project a cannonball from atop Newton's hypothetical mountain at 8 km/s and it orbits Earth. Project it at 9 km/s and the shape of the orbit is A) a somewhat larger circle. B) a wide parabola. C) an ellipse.

C

Rockets that launch satellites into orbit need less thrust when fired from A) Cape Canaveral in Florida. B) Edwards Air Force Base in California. C) Hawaii. D) location does not affect the required rocket thrust.

C

Strictly speaking, more fuel is consumed by your car if the air conditioner, headlights, or even a radio is turned on. This statement is A) false. B) true only if the car's engine is running. C) true.

C

Suppose a particle is being accelerated through space by a 10-N force. Suddenly the particle encounters a second force of 10 N in the opposite direction. The particle with both forces acting A) is brought to a rapid halt. B) decelerates gradually to a halt. C) continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force. D) theoretically tends to accelerate toward the speed of light. E) none of the above

C

Suppose you put a chocolate layer on pieces of candy. Compared with the amount of chocolate used to cover 1 pound of large pieces, if you cover 1 pound of smaller pieces you'll use A) less chocolate. B) the same amount of chocolate. C) more chocolate. D) makes no difference

C

Suspend your body from a pair of ropes slightly angled from the vertical and the tension in each rope will be A) equal your weight. B) half your weight. C) greater than half your weight. D) none of these

C

The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and moving in A) the same direction. B) opposite directions. C) either of these

C

The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, is a A) parabola. B) hyberbola. C) catenary.

C

The conservation of energy applies to satellites in A) circular orbit. B) elliptical orbit. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

The crystals in matter are held together by A) cohesive forces. B) amorphous forces. C) electrical bonding forces. D) excess neutrons.

C

The density of a 2-cubic meter block of mass of 1000 kg is A) 100 kg/m3. B) 200 kg/m3. C) 500 kg/m3. D) 1000 kg/m3. E) none of the above

C

The equilibrium rule, ΣF = 0, applies to A) objects or systems at rest. B) objects or systems in uniform motion in a straight line. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

The explanation for refraction must involve a change in A) frequency. B) wavelength. C) speed. D) all of the above E) none of the above

C

The fastest moving planet in a solar system is the A) smallest planet. B) most massive planet. C) planet nearest the Sun. D) planet farthest from the Sun. E) all move at the same speed.

C

The first evidence confirming the crystal structure of matter was A) the citing of experiments by Nobel Prize-winning scientists. B) testimonials by crystal-loving investigators. C) X-ray diffraction patterns.

C

The focal point of a satellite in orbit about the Sun is A) inside the Sun. B) outside the Sun. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is A) more than 10 N. B) less than 10 N. C) 10 N.

C

The human body can withstand an acceleration of 10 g under certain conditions. What net force would produce this acceleration for a 50-kg person? A) 500 N B) 2500 N C) 5000 N D) 25,000 N E) none of the above

C

The main purpose of the condenser in the steam cycle of a steam turbine is to A) cool the steam. B) condense the steam. C) lower pressure on the back side of the turbine blades. D) maintain high efficiency. E) change mechanical energy to electricity.

C

The mass of a ball moving at 3 m/s with a momentum of 48 kg m/s is A) 4 kg. B) 12 kg. C) 16 kg. D) 144 kg. E) none of these

C

The rotational inertia of a pencil is greatest about an axis A) along its length, where the lead is. B) about its midpoint, like a propeller. C) about its end, like a pendulum.

C

The speed of a satellite orbiting Earth is given by v = √(GM/d). Escape speed from Earth is given by v = √(2GM/d), where in both cases G is the gravitational constant, M is Earth's mass, and d is distance from Earth's center. If a satellite's kinetic energy were doubled it could A) orbit at twice its distance from Earth. B) orbit at four times the distance from Earth. C) escape Earth.

C

Two life preservers have identical volumes, but one is filled with Styrofoam while the other is filled with sand. When the two life preservers are fully submerged, the buoyant force is greater on the one filled with A) Styrofoam. B) sand. C) same on each as long as their volumes are the same

C

Two protons added to an oxygen nucleus produce A) heavy oxygen. B) fluorine. C) neon. D) sodium. E) nitrogen.

C

Two vertical tubes of equal cross-sectional areas are filled with liquids to heights producing atmospheric pressure at their bottoms. One liquid is water and the other is mercury. Both liquids have equal A) volumes. B) densities. C) weights. D) viscosity. E) none of the above

C

What is the total number of individual atoms in a water molecule? A) one B) two C) three D) four E) none

C

When Kepler devised his laws of planetary motion, he was most influenced by A) Galileo. B) Newton. C) Tycho Brahe

C

When a barrel of water in a rowboat in a swimming pool is poured overboard, the pool level A) rises. B) falls. C) remains unchanged.

C

When a common fluorescent lamp is lit, the mercury vapor inside is actually in a A) gaseous phase. B) liquid phase. C) plasma phase. D) solid phase. E) none of the above

C

When a load of wood is thrown overboard from a boat in a swimming pool, the pool level A) rises. B) falls. C) remains unchanged.

C

When a rocket ship gaining speed in outer space runs out of fuel, it A) gains speed for a short time, then slows down to a constant velocity. B) gains speed for a short time, slows down, and eventually stops. C) no longer gains speed.

C

When a twirling ice skater brings her arms inward, her rotational speed A) decreases. B) remains the same. C) increases.

C

When air drag affects the motion of projectiles, they don't travel A) as high. B) as far. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level A) rises. B) falls. C) remains the same.

C

When mechanical work is done on a system, an increase normally occurs in its A) internal energy. B) temperature. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

When sound waves superimpose they can interfere A) constructively. B) destructively. C) either of these D) neither of these

C

When the curve of a vertical structure matches the inverted image of a drooping chain held at both ends, the curve is called a A) parabola. B) hyperbola. C) catenary.

C

When water is turned on in a shower, the shower curtain moves towards the water spray. This partly involves A) capillary action. B) surface tension. C) pressure changes in moving fluids. D) none of the above

C

When you do somersaults, you'll more easily rotate when your body is A) straight with both arms above your head. B) straight with both arms at your sides. C) curled into a ball shape. D) no difference

C

When you float in fresh water, the buoyant force that acts on you is equal to your weight. When you float higher in the denser water of the Dead Sea, the buoyant force that acts on you is A) greater than your weight. B) less than your weight. C) equal to your weight.

C

When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground, which makes the time of the contact about 10 times that of a stiff-legged landing. In this way the average force your body experiences is A) less than 1/10 as great. B) more than 1/10 as great. C) about 1/10 as great. D) about 10 times as great.

C

When you stand at rest on a pair of bathroom scales, the reading on each scale A) is half your weight. B) equals your weight. C) add up to equal your weight.

C

When you stand at rest with your left foot on one bathroom scale and your right foot on a similar scale, each of the scales will A) read half your weight. B) read your weight. C) show readings that when added equal your weight. D) cancel your weight.

C

When you vigorously shake a can of chicken broth, you A) are doing work on the broth. B) increase the temperature of the broth. C) both of these D) neither of these

C

Which equation is correct for wave speed? A) wave speed = frequency x wavelength B) wave speed = (1/period) x wavelength C) both of these D) neither of these

C

Which has the greater density? A) a cup-full of fresh water B) a lake-full of fresh water C) both the same D) need more information

C

Which jar will roll down an incline in the shortest time, an empty one or one filled with peanut butter? A) the empty jar B) both reach the bottom at the same time C) the filled jar D) need more information

C

Which of the following is a gas? A) lithium B) carbon C) neon D) sodium

C

Which of these units of temperature is larger? A) a Celsius degree B) a Kelvin C) both are the same size D) none of the above

C

Which task requires more work? A) lifting the 50-kg sack 2 meters B) lifting the 25-kg sack 4 meters C) both require the same D) need more information

C

Which would require the greater energy; slowing the orbital speed of a satellite so it crashes into Earth, or increasing the orbital speed so it escapes Earth? A) slowing down B) speeding up C) same each way

C

While a rock thrown upward at 50 degrees to the horizontal rises, neglecting air drag, its vertical component of velocity A) increases. B) remains unchanged. C) decreases.

C

Whirl a rock at the end of a string and it follows a circular path. If the string breaks, the tendency of the rock is to A) follow a circular path. B) slow down. C) follow a straight-line path. D) stop.

C

You're driving down the highway and a bug spatters into your windshield. Which undergoes the greater change in momentum during the time of contact? A) the bug B) your car C) both the same

C

A 1-kg rock is suspended from the tip of a horizontal meterstick at the 0-cm mark so that the meterstick barely balances like a seesaw when its fulcrum is at the 25-cm mark. From this information, the mass of the meterstick is A) 1/4 kg. B) 1/2 kg. C) 3/4 kg. D) 1 kg.

D

A 10-kilogram block with an initial velocity of 10 m/s slides 10 meters across a horizontal surface and comes to rest. It takes the block 2 seconds to stop. The stopping force acting on the block is about A) 5 N. B) 10 N. C) 25 N. D) 50 N. E) none of the above

D

When Peter tosses an egg against a sagging sheet, the egg doesn't break due to A) reduced impulse. B) reduced momentum. C) both of these D) neither of these

D

A 500-N parachutist opens his chute and experiences an air resistance force of 800 N. The net force on the parachutist is then A) 300 N downward. B) 500 N downward. C) 800 N downward. D) 300 N upward. E) 500 N upward.

D

A car traveling along the highway brakes to a stop over a certain distance. More braking force is required if the car has A) more mass. B) more momentum. C) less stopping distance. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

A catenary in nature is evident in A) eggs. B) a necklace drooping between your fingers. C) the domes of some modern buildings. D) all of the above

D

A circus diver drops from a high pole into water far below. When he is halfway down A) his potential energy is halved. B) he has gained an amount of kinetic energy equal to half his initial potential energy. C) his kinetic energy and potential energy are equal. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

A consequence of surface tension for water is A) capillary action. B) wet sand being firmer than dry sand. C) the different tastes of hot and cold oily soup. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

A feather and a coin will have equal accelerations when falling in a vacuum because A) their velocities are the same. B) the force of gravity is the same for each in a vacuum. C) the force of gravity does not act in a vacuum. D) the ratio of both the feather's and coin's weight to mass is the same. E) none of the above

D

A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is A) equal to its weight. B) equal to its weight divided by its mass. C) equal to its mass times its weight. D) none of the above

D

A less intense sonic boom at ground level can occur if the aircraft A) is smaller. B) flies higher. C) is more streamlined. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

A metal block has a density of 5000 kg per cubic meter and a volume of 2 cubic meters. What is the block's mass? A) 1000 kg B) 2500 kg C) 5000 kg D) 10,000 kg E) none of the above

D

A planet orbiting the Sun has speed v = √(GM/d). Escape speed from the Sun is v = √v(2GM/d), where G is the gravitational constant, M is Sun's mass, and d is the distance from the Sun. Noting that this tells us that escape speed is √2 times orbital speed, which planet would fly out of the solar system by a 1.5 increase in orbital speed? A) Mercury. B) Venus. C) Earth. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

A projectile is launched from ground level at 15° above the horizontal and lands downrange. What other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same down-range distance? A) 30° B) 45° C) 50° D) 75° E) 90°

D

A roller skate at rest may have A) speed. B) velocity. C) momentum. D) energy.

D

A wave oscillates up and down two complete cycles each second. If the wave travels an average distance of 6 meters in one second, its wavelength is A) 0.5 m. B) 1 m. C) 2 m. D) 3 m. E) 6 m.

D

Adiabatic processes occur in Earth's A) atmosphere. B) oceans. C) mantle. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

An acoustical engineer in designing a music hall is concerned with A) echoes. B) reflection. C) reverberations. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

An atomic model of the atom is A) a symbolic representation of the atom. B) a stepping stone to further understanding. C) an abstraction enabling predictions. D) all of the above

D

An equal amount of 0°C air that is twice as hot has a temperature of A) 0°C. B) 64°C. C) 100°C. D) 273°C. E) none of the above

D

An object has gravitational potential energy due to its A) speed. B) acceleration. C) momentum. D) location. E) none of the above

D

Centrifugal forces are an apparent reality to observers in a reference frame that is A) moving at constant velocity. B) an inertial reference frame. C) at rest. D) rotating. E) none of the above

D

Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much A) inertia. B) mass. C) volume. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Compared with a force, a torque involves A) rotation. B) leverage. C) distance from an axis of rotation. D) all the above

D

Due to inertia, perhaps a railroad train in motion should continue moving indefinitely when its engine is turned off. This is not observed because railroad trains A) aren't massive enough. B) are too heavy. C) ride on straight tracks. D) encounter opposing forces.

D

Glowing plasma is evident in the light from A) a fluorescent lamp. B) the aurora borealis (northern lights). C) some TV screens. D) all the above E) none of the above

D

How many atoms are in this carbohydrate molecule, C6H12O6? A) 3. B) 14. C) 18. D) 24. E) none of the above

D

Human hearing is best in A) infrasonic sound. B) ultrasonic sound. C) both of these D) neither of these

D

If a 5°C piece of iron is heated until it has twice as much internal energy, its temperature will A) 10°C. B) 273°C. C) 278°C. D) 283°C. E) 556°C.

D

If an elephant grows proportionally to twice its height, its weight would be multiplied by about A) 2. B) 4. C) 6. D) 8. E) none of the above

D

If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in A) a curved path. B) an outward spiral path. C) an inward spiral path. D) a straight-line path.

D

If the mass of a cart is quickly loaded to have twice the mass while a propelling force remains constant, the cart's acceleration A) quadruples. B) doubles. C) stays the same. D) halves. E) none of these

D

In perceiving its environment, a dolphin makes use of A) echoes. B) the Doppler effect. C) ultrasound. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

In the formation of a cloud, moist air rises and A) expands. B) cools. C) condenses. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Interference is a property of A) water waves. B) sound waves. C) light waves. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

Lillian sees a chair at the Exploratorium that has been scaled up by three. In attempting to lift it, she finds the chair is A) three times as heavy. B) six times as heavy. C) nine times as heavy. D) more than nine times as heavy.

D

Our Moon in Earth orbit travels fastest when it is A) involved in an eclipse. B) rotating. C) revolving. D) closest. E) all of the above

D

Recall Galileo's Leaning Tower experiment. With negligible air resistance, a heavy and a light object fall A) with equal accelerations. B) with the same increases in speed. C) to the ground in equal times. D) all of the above

D

Reports are that singer Caruso was able to shatter a crystal chandelier with his voice, which illustrates A) an echo. B) sound refraction. C) beats. D) resonance. E) interference.

D

Surface tension is a direct result of A) viscosity. B) Archimedes' principle. C) adhesive forces between molecules in a liquid or solid. D) cohesive forces between molecules in a liquid.

D

Suzie Skydiver, who weighs 500 N, reaches terminal velocity of 90 km/h. The air resistance on Suzie is then A) 90 N. B) 250 N. C) 410 N. D) 500 N. E) none of the above

D

The Doppler effect is characteristic of A) water waves. B) sound waves. C) light waves. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The air in this room has A) mass. B) weight. C) energy. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The air in your classroom has A) mass. B) weight. C) energy. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The density of a submerged submarine at rest is about the same as the density of A) a crab. B) iron. C) a floating submarine. D) water. E) none of the above

D

The earliest and most influential Greek philosopher was Aristotle, who among many contributions taught that A) the four elements are earth, water, air, and fire. B) all motion is either natural or violent. C) violent motion requires a sustained push or pull. D) all of the above

D

The energy source responsible for molecular motions in Earth's atmosphere is A) their own natural kinetic energy. B) pressure caused by the weight of air. C) atmospheric tides. D) the Sun.

D

The force on a dropped apple hitting the ground depends upon A) the speed of the apple just before it hits. B) the time of contact with the ground. C) whether or not the apple bounces. D) all of the above

D

The force that accelerates a rocket in outer space is exerted on the rocket by the A) rocket's nose cone. B) rocket's wings. C) atmospheric pressure. D) exhaust gases. E) none of the above

D

The force that causes Earth to orbit the Sun is due to gravity, while the force needed to keep Earth moving as it circles the Sun is A) inertia. B) due to gravity. C) due to both inertia and gravity. D) no force at all.

D

The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between the temperatures 2700 K and 300 K A) 10%. B) 24%. C) 80%. D) 89%. E) none of the above

D

The long, heavy tail of a spider monkey enables the monkey to easily vary its A) weight. B) momentum. C) inertia. D) center of gravity. E) none of the above

D

The most concentrated form of energy is A) wind. B) fossil fuel. C) geothermal. D) nuclear.

D

The natural frequency of an object depends on its A) size. B) shape. C) elasticity. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

The number of nodes, including the end points, in a standing wave that is three wavelengths long is A) 4. B) 5. C) 6. D) 7. E) none of the above

D

The tarp covering on a trailer or truck puffs upward for fast-moving vehicles, which illustrates A) Pascal's principle. B) Archimedes' principle. C) the principle of continuity. D) Bernoulli's principle.

D

The work done in pushing a TV set a distance of 2 m with an average force of 20 N is A) 2 J. B) 10 J. C) 20 J. D) 40 J. E) 800 J.

D

Two tuning forks produce sounds of wavelengths 3.4 meters and 3.3 meters. Approximately what beat frequency is produced? A) 0.1 hertz B) 1.0 hertz C) 2.0 hertz D) 3.0 hertz E) 4.0 hertz

D

Wave interference occurs for A) sound waves. B) light waves. C) water waves. D) all of the above E) none of the above

D

What horizontally-applied force will accelerate a 400-kg crate at 1 m/s2 across a factory floor against a friction force half its weight? A) 600 N B) 1600 N C) 2000 N D) 2400 N E) none of the above

D

What is the wave speed of a wave traveling an average distance of 6 meters in one second? A) less than 0.2 m/s B) 1 m/s C) 3 m/s D) 6 m/s E) more than 6 m/s

D

When Joshua brakes his speeding bicycle to a stop, kinetic energy is transformed to A) potential energy. B) energy of motion. C) energy of rest. D) heat.

D

The Early Bird communication satellite hovers over the same point on Earth's equator indefinitely, because A) other forces than Earth's gravity act on it. B) it pulls as hard on Earth as Earth pulls on it. C) it is beyond the main pull of Earth gravity. D) it is kept aloft by ground control. E) its orbital period is 24 hours.

E

The brakes of a speeding truck are slammed on and it skids to a stop. If the truck were heavily loaded so that it had twice the total mass, the skidding distance would be A) half as far. B) 1.5 times as far. C) twice as far. D) 4 times as far. E) the same.

E

The number of nodes, including the end points, in a standing wave that is two wavelengths long is A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 4. E) none of the above

E

A 1056-hertz tuning fork is struck at the same time as a note on the piano and you hear 2 beats/second. You tighten the piano string very slightly and then hear 3 beats/second. What is the frequency of the piano string? A) 1053 hertz B) 1054 hertz C) 1056 hertz D) 1058 hertz E) 1059 hertz

E

A satellite in an elliptical orbit about a planet travels much faster when it is directly over a A) large ocean. B) large island. C) high mountain range. D) great plain or plateau. E) none of the above

E

A solid glass ball weighs 1 N. One with twice the diameter weighs A) 1 N. B) 2 N. C) 3 N. D) 4 N. E) more than 4 N.

E

An astronaut on another planet drops a 1-kg rock from rest and finds that it falls a vertical distance of 2.5 meters in one second. On this planet, the rock has a weight of A) 1 N. B) 2 N. C) 3 N. D) 4 N. E) 5 N.

E

An example of a heat engine is A) an aircraft turbine. B) an automobile internal combustion motor. C) the steam engine of a railroad train. D) the gasoline motor of a leaf blower. E) all of the above

E

As a balloon rises higher and higher into the atmosphere its A) volume decreases. B) density increases. C) weight increases. D) mass decreases. E) none of the above

E

Both a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave have A) amplitude. B) frequency. C) wavelength. D) speed. E) all of the above

E

Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has the same A) mass. B) volume. C) weight. D) all of the above E) none of the above

E

Doubling the thickness (diameter) of a rope will multiply its strength by A) 1/2. B) 1. C) 2. D) 3. E) 4.

E

Entropy measures temperature A) at constant pressure. B) at constant volume. C) as pressure increases. D) all of the above E) none of the above

E

One neutron added to a helium nucleus results in A) hydrogen. B) boron. C) lithium. D) beryllium. E) helium.

E

The reason a life jacket helps keep you afloat is A) the jacket makes you weigh less. B) the jacket has the same density as an average human. C) the jacket repels water. D) if you sink, the jacket sinks. E) the density of both you and the jacket together is less than your density alone.

E

What prevents satellites such as the ISS from falling? A) gravity B) centripetal force C) centrifugal force D) the absence of air drag E) nothing

E

Which of these atoms has the greatest amount of electrical charge in its nucleus? A) helium B) carbon C) iron D) gold E) uranium

E

Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons? A) helium B) carbon C) iron D) gold E) uranium

E

Which of these is affected by mass? A) a freely-falling object B) an object sliding down a friction-free plane C) a pendulum D) all of the above E) none of the above

E

Which of these vary for satellites in circular orbits? A) speed. B) momentum. C) kinetic energy. D) all of the above E) none of the above

E