Physio

Visual imagery is to ______ as auditory imagery is to _______.

V1; A1

The ability to hear a note and identify it perfectly is called ______?

absolute pitch

What is a dermatome?

an area of the skin innervated by a given spinal nerve

A tonotopic map refers to:

an auditory cortex map of sounds

The primary visual cortex send information to:

area V2

Where is the basal membrane most sensitive to the vibrations of low-frequency sound waves?

at the apex, farthest from the cochlea

Itching is a primary result of:

histamine release

In the human retina, messages from receptors at the back of the eye to

Bipolar cells

Which of the following is true about androgens and estrogens?

Both sexes have both types of hormones

After staring at your instructors red shirt for an entire class, the negative after image will most likely be

Green

What is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders

Lateral inhibition

According the trichromatic theory of color vision:

Our perception of color depends on the relative activity of three types of cones

Chemicals that release energy when struck by light are called:

Photopigments

Genes on the ______ produce(s) sex differences in addition to those that we can trace to androgens and estrogens.

X and Y chromosomes

Each receptor responds to a wide range of stimuli and contributes to the perception of each of them. This type of coding is known as:

across-fiber

Seewtness, bitterness, and umami receptors operate by:

activating a protein which causes the release of a second messanger

Each spinal nerve has:

both a sensory and a motor component

A cell that responds best to a bar of light throughout a large area of its receptive feild, without a strong inhibitory area at one end is most likely a:

complex cell

In adult humans, the taste buds are:

concentrated along the outside edge of the tongue

The function of the semicircular canals is to:

detect movement of the head

Tinnitus is often:

due to a phenomenon like the phantom limb

Taste and smell axons converge onto many of the same cells in an area called the:

endopiriform cortex

The hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is:

estradiol

In mammals, each olfactory cell has a threadlike dendrite that:

extend from the cell body into the mucous surface of the nasal passage

Mullerian ducts are found in:

female and male fetuses early in development

A mild degree of pain releases the neurotransmitter _______. A more intense pain also releases _________.

glutamate, substance P

A sound wave shadow refers to:

how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound

The one additional feature that hypercomplex cells have that complex cells do not is that:

hypercomplex cells have a strong inhibitory area at one end of it's receptive feild.

Each receptor responds to a limited range of stimuli and sends a direct line to the brain. This type of coding is reffered to as:

labeled-line

Branches of the optic nerve go directly to what areas of the brain?

lateral geniculate and superior colliculus

What is the perception of the intensity of a sound wave called?

loudness

The receptors for taste are:

modified skin cells

What does the vestibular system detect?

movement of the head

Olfactory receptor sites are located:

on cilia

Someone who has suffered damage to the sensory component of one spinal nerve would lose sensation from:

one dermatome

The brain chemicals known as endorphins and enkephalins produce effects similar to which substance?

opiates

The tympanic membrane connects to three tiny bones that transmit the vibrations to the:

oval window

The visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are reffered to as the:

parietal lobe

The pathway associated with intergrating vision and movement progresses from the occipital cortex to the:

paritetal cortex

Small receptive feilds are to _______ as large receptive feilds are to ________ cells.

parvocellular; magnocellular

Damage to the fusiform gyrus of the inferior temporal cortex resluts in:

prosopagnosia

In the otolith organs, the otoliths are calcium carbonate particles that:

push against hair cells when moved

Pacinian corpuscles respond best to:

rapid mechanical pressure

What difficulty does someone with prosopagnosia have?

recognizing faces

Of the following, which one would be most closely associated with experiancing synesthesia?

seeing colors of letter or words

Which two structers provide information about vestibular sensation?

semicular canals and otolith organs

Meissner's corpuscles are:

simple, bare neuron endings

Pain receptors of the skin are:

simple, bare neuron endings

What kind of receptors detect pain, warmth, and cold?

somatosensory

What neurotransmitter is released by axons that carry pain information to the brain?

substance P

The somatosensory system involves sensation of:

the body and it's movements

An acceleration of the head at any angle causes:

the jelly-like substance in one of the semicircular canals to push against the hair cells

What causes the primitive gonads to develop into masculine structures?

the sex region Y (SRY) gene

Which of the following would a person with conductive deafness be able to hear better than a person with nerve deafness?

themselves talking

The neucleus of the tractus solitarius in the medulla is known to recieve information from what source?

tongue

The eardrum is also known as the:

tympanic membrane

The eighth cranial nerve contains both a(n)______ component and a _________ component.

vestibular; somatosensory