Physio chapter 1

4) Mass balance involves determining the total amount of a substance in the body. We can determine mass flow of this substance by which formula? 4) A) volume of flow / (amount of substance / min) B) intake + production - excretion - metabolism. C) (amount of substance / min) × (concentration of the substance) D) (concentration of a substance) × (volume/min) E) (concentration of a substance) / volume flow

D

56) The study of body function in a disease state is 56) A) microbiology. B) histology. C) necrology. D) pathophysiology. E) physiology.

D

57) Vasodilation of blood vessels supplying muscles in response to increased carbon dioxide during exercise is an example of 57) A) long-distance control. B) hormonal control. C) neural control. D) local control. E) reflex control.

D

62) Which is one of Cannon's "internal secretions"? 62) A) inorganic ions B) nutrients C) water D) hormones E) None of the answers are correct

D

1) Excretion is a function of the body. Which would be considered excretion? 1) A) Movement of salt from sweat glands to the surface of the skin. B) Movement of glucose from the kidney to the bloodstream. C) Movement of sodium from the intestines to the bloodstream. D) Movement of potassium from kidney cells into one's urine E) Movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood stream.

A

20) The Internet database for molecular, cellular, and physiological information is called the ________ Project. 20) A) Physiosome B) Physiome C) Manhattan D) Human Genome E) Physiognomy

B

34) If a scientific model is supported or verified repeatedly by multiple investigators, it may become a 34) A) law. B) theory. C) variable. D) hypothesis. E) model.

B

12) Adaptive significance is an important concept in physiology because it describes the 12) A) parameters necessary to maintain a constant internal environment. B) ability of an organism to monitor and restore its internal state to normal conditions when necessary. C) physiological functions that promote an organism's survival. D) similarities between ancient and modern marine organisms. E) importance of a highly variable external environment.

C

32) Oxytocin is a hormone released in response to cervical dilation. This causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback does oxytocin trigger? 32) A) nociceptive feedback B) negative feedback C) local control D) positive feedback

D

47) A horse runs 10 races, each a mile long, during a 6-month period, and you are interested in determining if the horse's race finish time changes with experience. Which type of graph would be best to display this information? 47) A) scatter plot B) bar graph C) line graph

C

61) A study in which a participant act as an experimental subject in part of the experiment and a control in another part of the experiment is called a ________ study. 61) A) double-blind B) retrospective C) crossover D) meta-analysis

C

29) A technique used to resolve contradictory results in scientific studies is 29) A) cross-sectional analysis. B) prospective analysis. C) longitudinal analysis. D) retrospective analysis. E) meta-analysis.

E

46) How genetics influences the body's response to drugs is called 46) A) pharmacogenomics. B) paleopharmacology. C) pharmageddon. D) pharmacodynamics. E) pharmacokinetics.

A

67) A scientifically logical guess is a 67) A) model. B) variable. C) theory. D) law. E) hypothesis

E

45) You go outside on a very cold day and you start to shiver because you do not have on the proper clothing. The act of shivering would represent what step in a response loop? 45) A) response B) setpoint C) integrating center D) variable E) sensor

A

14) You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which is/are a dependent variable? 14) A) heart rate B) age of subjects C) sex of subjects D) intensity of exercise E) More than one of the answers is correct.

A

26) "Glucose is transported from blood into cells by transporters in response to insulin." This type of explanation is 26) A) mechanistic. B) theological. C) scatological. D) teleological. E) metalogical.

A

50) Individuals with Type I diabetes mellitus do not make enough insulin. Which would be a mechanistic explanation of how insulin is used by the body? 50) A) Insulin binds to its receptor which stimulates the movement of glucose transporters to the cell membrane. B) Without insulin most cells in the body would be unable to produce enough ATP. C) Cells need insulin because glucose will not cross the cell membrane. D) Insulin is a hormone involved in glucose transport. E) Since all cells need glucose, insulin is required.

A

51) You want to display data on the finish times of the 10 fastest race horses in a single race at the Kentucky Derby. Which type of graph would be best to display this information? 51) A) bar graph B) scatter plot C) line graph

A

6) The human environment is terrestrial, dry, and highly variable. However, our bodies expend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant internal environment. Studying why our bodies do this is what kind of approach? 6) A) teleological B) meterological C) mechanistic D) anatomical E) translational

A

68) Which is a buffer zone between the outside world and most of the cells of the body? 68) A) extracellular fluid B) cell membrane C) intracellular fluid D) red blood cells E) All of the answers are correct

A

31) The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body. 1. tissue 2. cell 3. organ 4. molecule 5. organism 6. organ system The correct order from the smallest to the largest is 31) A) 6, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1. B) 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5. C) 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5. D) 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5. E) 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5.

B

38) The law of mass balance states 38) A) that all substances in the body have equal mass. B) if a substance is to remain constant any gain must be offset by an equal loss. C) if one is to survive they must have a certain amount of mass. D) that all matter is neither created or destroyed. E) that homeostasis can be maintained when the load of a substance is continuously lost.

B

43) A physician basing clinical decisions on primary research published in biomedical literature is doing ________ medicine. 43) A) whimsical B) evidence-based C) traditional D) holistic E) alternative

B

58) "Glucose is transported from blood into cells because cells require glucose to meet their energy needs." This type of explanation is 58) A) scatological. B) teleological. C) metalogical. D) mechanistic. E) theological.

B

8) A placebo is 8) A) a hole in a cavity wall through which an organ protrudes. B) a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect. C) a nutritive and respiratory organ in fetal development. D) any drug being tested in a clinical trial. E) any drug in a class of drugs commonly used as pain relievers.

B

3) You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise affect heart rate. Which is/are an independent variable? 3) A) sex of subjects B) age of subjects C) intensity of exercise D) heart rate E) More than one answer is correct.

C

35) Which are used to keep our systems at or near their setpoints? 35) A) response loops B) feedforward control loop C) negative feedback loops D) open control loops E) positive feedback loops

C

11) The literal meaning of the term physiology is knowledge of 11) A) organs. B) math. C) chemistry. D) nature. E) science.

D

2) Which system(s) does NOT exchange material with the internal and external environments? 2) A) respiratory system B) digestive system C) urinary system D) circulatory system E) All of the above.

D

10) You are interested in learning more about Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder that mainly affects motor function. Which is the best source to begin your investigation? 10) A) Ask.com B) a physician C) public library D) physiology textbook E) MedlinePlus

E

39) Homeostasis is the ability of the body to 39) A) ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of rest. B) prevent excessive blood loss. C) prevent the internal environment from changing. D) prevent the external environment from changing. E) quickly restore changed conditions to normal.

E

40) Place these terms in the typical sequence in the process of scientific inquiry: experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication. 40) A) observation, replication, model, experimental data, hypothesis, theory B) theory, observation, experimental data, hypothesis, replication, model C) experimental data, theory, model, observation, hypothesis, replication D) replication, hypothesis, experimental data, theory, model, observation E) observation, hypothesis, experimental data, replication, model, theory

E

48) Physiology is the study of 48) A) the facial features as an indication of personality. B) the tissues and organs of the body at the microscopic level. C) growth and reproduction. D) the structure of the body. E) the normal function of living organisms.

E

65) ________ are kept within normal range by physiological control mechanisms which are used if the variable strays too far from its ________. 65) A) Independent variables, steady state B) Steady state values, integrating center C) Dependent variables, lowest value D) Setpoints, regulated variable E) Regulated variables, setpoint

E