PHYSIO: chapter 2 practice questions

A buffer has an acid component and a base component that can prevent drastic changes in pH.

TRUE

Acids release hydrogen ions into solutions.

TRUE

All amino acids contain carboxyl and amino groups.

TRUE

An ionized organic acid is designated with the suffix - ate.

TRUE

Atoms sharing a pair of electrons form covalent bonds.

TRUE

Covalent bonds are formed between monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.

TRUE

Fats and carbohydrates are the primary energy stores in the body.

TRUE

Glucose is stored as a polysaccharide to prevent osmosis of water into the cells.

TRUE

Glucose, galactose, and fructose can be considered structural isomers of each other.

TRUE

Hydrogen bonds form between the partially charged atoms of two polar molecules, such as the slightly positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the slightly negatively charged oxygen atom of another.

TRUE

Negatively charged ions will migrate towards the anode in an electrical field.

TRUE

Rapid, uncontrolled hydrolysis of body fats can result in ketoacidosis.

TRUE

Steroids are derived from cholesterol.

TRUE

The formation of hydration spheres makes an ion or molecule soluble in water.

TRUE

The ionized form of the organic lactic acid is lactate.

TRUE

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is known as the primary protein structure.

TRUE

The specific shape of a protein determines its function.

TRUE

The white part of a cooked egg is due to denatured albumin proteins.

TRUE

How many amino acids are present for a polypeptide chain to be called a protein? A. 3 B. 30 C. 50 D. 100

D. 100

How many different amino acids are known? A. 10 B. 25 C. 30 D. 20

D. 20

Keratin and collagen are considered _______ proteins. A. functional B. structural C. fibrous D. Both structural and fibrous are correct.

D. Both structural and fibrous are correct.

Proteins that combine with other molecules are said to be condensed.

FALSE

The pH of a solution is directly proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.

FALSE

The term "chemical element" refers to the most common isotope of that element.

FALSE

Unsaturated fatty acids contain more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length.

FALSE

An element with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 5 electrons would have an atomic number of 15.

false

An atom with 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons would have a net charge of A. -1. B. -2. C. +1. D. +2.

A. -1.

______________ is a structural protein found in tendons and ligaments. A. Collagen B. Keratin C. Myosin D. Fibrin

A. Collagen

Which reaction represents a dehydration synthesis reaction? GLUCOSE+GLUCOSE<->MALROSE +WATER A B A. Reaction A B. ReactionB

A. Reaction A

What characteristic of phospholipids allows them to form the double layer seen in cell membranes? A. They are amphipathic. B. They are totally nonpolar. C. They are soluble in water. D. They are totally hydrophobic.

A. They are amphipathic.

Which of the following is NOT true of phospholipids? A. They are glycolipids originally isolated from the prostate gland. B. They are major components of the cell membrane. C. They have a polar head and a nonpolar tail. D. They are amphipathic molecules.

A. They are glycolipids originally isolated from the prostate gland.

Organic acids will contain A. a carboxyl group. B. a carbonyl group. C. an amino group. D. ahydroxylgroup.

A. a carboxyl group.

Which of the following would be most easily broken? A. a hydrogen bond B. a nonpolar covalent bond C. an ionic bond D. a polar covalent bond

A. a hydrogen bond

Bases will _______________ protons in a solution. A. accept B. donate C. ignore D. repel

A. accept

Ammonia usually A. acts as a base. B. acts as an acid. C. acts as a buffer. D. ionizes to form a hydroxyl ion.

A. acts as a base.

The backbone of a DNA molecule is a chain of A. alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate. B. alternating phosphate and nitrogen. C. alternating nitrogenous bases. D. alternating deoxyribose and ribose sugars.

A. alternating deoxyribose sugar and phosphate.

The type of bond found in sodium chloride is A. an ionic bond. B. a polar covalent bond. C. a hydrogen bond. D. a nonpolar covalent bond.

A. an ionic bond.

A six-sided organic molecule with alternating double bonds is termed a(n) A. aromatic compound. B. ketone. C. alcohol. D. organic acid.

A. aromatic compound.

When an atom loses one or more electrons, it A. becomes positively charged. B. becomes negatively charged. C. is called an anion. D. has no change in its charge.

A. becomes positively charged.

A protein that is combined with another type of molecule like a carbohydrate is A. conjugated. B. denatured. C. hydrolyzed. D. complemented.

A. conjugated.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of RNA? A. dRNA B. tRNA C. rRNA D. mRNA

A. dRNA

Which of the following subatomic particles have negligible mass? A. electrons B. neutrons C. protons D. Both neutrons and protons.

A. electrons

Molecules that are mirror images of each other are A. enantiomers. B. geometric isomers. C. cis/trans isomers. D. structuralisomers.

A. enantiomers.

Which of the following is NOT a disaccharide? A. fructose B. sucrose C. maltose D. lactose

A. fructose

TWhich of the following is NOT true of isotopes of a given atom? A. have the same number of neutrons B. have the same number of protons C. have different atomic masses D. Allapply.

A. have the same number of neutrons

The pH of a solution increases as the _______________ ion concentration decreases. A. hydrogen B. hydroxide C. bicarbonate D. sodium

A. hydrogen

Glycogen A. is more highly branched than plant starch. B. is a glycoprotein found in the liver. C. is a glycolipid found in skeletal muscles. D. is composed of alternating glucose and galactose molecules.

A. is more highly branched than plant starch.

Hydrophobic molecules would contain _______________ bonds. A. nonpolar covalent B. polar covalent C. hydrogen D. ionic

A. nonpolar covalent

Ketosis A. occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body. B. stimulates an increased blood pH. C. may lead to alkalosis. D. occurs as the concentration of ketones in the urine decreases.

A. occurs when stored fats are rapidly degraded by the body.

The nitrogenous base adenine is a A. purine. B. pyrimidine. C. steroid. D. prostaglandin.

A. purine.

The primary structure of proteins is/are A. the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule. B. alpha helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand. C. due to the interaction between protein subunits. D. stabilized when a protein is denatured.

A. the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule.

The base that is NOT found in RNA is A. thymine. B. guanine. C. cytosine. D. uracil.

A. thymine.

How many single bonds can a carbon atom form if it is double-bonded to an oxygen atom? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B. 2

Which of the following describes a trans-fat? A. Has carbon-carbon single bonds. B. Has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on opposite sides of the bonds. C. Has carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogens on the same side of the bonds. D. The fatty acids form a bent chain.

B. Has carbon-carbon double bonds with

________________ are liver synthesized derivatives of free fatty acids that can be used as an immediate source of energy by many organs. A. Glycerols B. Ketone bodies C. Steroids D. Cholesterols

B. Ketone bodies

____________ are fatty acids with a cyclic hydrocarbon group. A. Triglycerides B. Prostaglandins C. Proteins D. Carbohydrates

B. Prostaglandins

_________ are molecules with the same ratio of atoms but different arrangements of atoms. A. Isotopes B. Structural isomers C. Stereoisomers D. Radioactive isotopes

B. Structural isomers

The secondary structure of proteins is/are A. the linear arrangement of amino acids in the molecule. B. alpha helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand. C. due to the interaction between protein subunits. D. stabilized when a protein is denatured.

B. alpha helix coils and beta-pleated sheet folds of a protein strand.

Ketones contain a(n) _______________ group within the carbon chain. A. hydroxyl B. carbonyl C. carboxyl D. aromatic

B. carbonyl

Which of the following polysaccharides cannot be digested by animals themselves? A. glycogen B. cellulose C. starch D. Allapply.

B. cellulose

The atomic nucleus does not contain ____________, which are negatively charged subatomic particles. A. protons B. electrons C. neutrons

B. electrons

Which of the following is NOT a function of a purine-containing nucleotide? A. neurotransmitter B. hormone C. energy carrier D. coenzymes

B. hormone

A blood pH of 7.6 is A. indicative of acidosis. B. indicative of alkalosis. C. in the normal physiological range. D. indicates effective buffering by the bicarbonate/carbonic acid system.

B. indicative of alkalosis.

Most of the water found in the body is in the A. blood. B. intracellular fluid compartment. C. extracellular fluid compartment. D. blood and extracellular fluid compartment.

B. intracellular fluid compartment.

What type of bond is formed between potassium and iodine? A. polar covalent bond B. ionic bond C. nonpolar covalent bond D. hydrogen bond

B. ionic bond

This group of organic compounds acts as surfactants: A. carbohydrates B. phospholipids C. nucleic acids D. prostaglandins

B. phospholipids

Molecules with the same atoms, in the same sequence, but arranged differently in space are called A. structural isomers. B. stereoisomers. C. functionalgroups. D. aromatic molecules.

B. stereoisomers.

In an acidic solution, A. the OH- ion concentration is greater than the H+ ion concentration. B. the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration. C. the H+ ion concentration is equal to the OH- ion concentration. D. the H+ ion concentration is less than the OH- ion concentration only if the solution is buffered.

B. the OH- ion concentration is less than the H+ ion concentration.

The _______________ electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom. A. kernel B. valence C. atomic D. anion

B. valence

An element with 11 neutrons, 11 protons, and 11 electrons would have a mass number of A. 11 B. 33 C. 22 D. cannot be determined

C. 22

In order to maintain proper health, total dietary fat intake should not exceed _______________ of total dietary energy intake. A. 10% B. 20% C. 30% D. 40%

C. 30%

Water makes up _____ of the total body weight of an average adult. A. 50-60% B. 55-65% C. 60-70% D. 65-75%

C. 60-70%

_____________ bonds are formed when atoms share electrons unequally. A. Nonpolar covalent B. Ionic C. Polar covalent D. van der Waals

C. Polar covalent

Which of the following is NOT true of steroids? A. They have three 6-carbon rings joined to one 5-carbon ring. B. They contain a variety of functional groups. C. They are derived from palmitate. D. They differ in the position of the double covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in the rings.

C. They are derived from palmitate.

Which of the following is NOT true of unsaturated fatty acids? A. They contain one or more double bonds. B. They are usually liquid at room temperature. C. They contain a maximal number of hydrogen atoms. D. They contain less than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.

C. They contain a maximal number of hydrogen atoms.

The human genome refers to A. all living human beings. B. the total variations in human cells. C. all of the genes in the cell. D. human mutations caused by gene defects.

C. all of the genes in the cell.

The subunit of protein is the A. fatty acid. B. nucleic acid. C. amino acid. D. carboxylic acid.

C. amino acid.

Isotopes have the same ___________ number, but a different __________ number. A. mass, atomic B. neutron, mass C. atomic, mass D. atomic, proton

C. atomic, mass

A solution of a pH above 7 is called ____________. A. acidic B. neutral C. basic

C. basic

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body? A. carriers for membrane transport B. enzymes C. compose genes D. receptors for regulator molecules

C. compose genes

Peptide bonds are formed by the process of A. ketosis. B. hydrolysis. C. dehydration synthesis. D. aromatization.

C. dehydration synthesis.

Sucrose is a disaccharide that is composed of _______________ and ____________. A. glucose, glucose B. glucose, galactose C. glucose, fructose D. fructose, galactose

C. glucose, fructose

An example of a monosaccharide is A. maltose. B. sucrose. C. glucose. D. glycogen.

C. glucose.

Surface tension between water molecules occurs because adjacent water molecules form _______ bonds with each other. A. nonpolar covalent B. polar covalent C. hydrogen D. ionic

C. hydrogen

The addition of water with the proper enzymes to a molecule is called A. dehydration synthesis. B. condensation. C. hydrolysis. D. combustion.

C. hydrolysis.

Water molecules form _______________ ions when they associate with a hydrogen ion. A. hydroxide B. bicarbonate C. hydronium D. water

C. hydronium

When an atom gains one or more electrons, it A. becomes positively charged. B. has no change in its charge. C. is called an anion. D. is called a cation.

C. is called an anion.

Molecules that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms are A. ionic. B. inorganic. C. organic. D. carbonic.

C. organic.

The "spiral staircase" structure of DNA is referred to as the A. tertiary structure. B. spiralstructure. C. the double helix. D. the twist of life.

C. the double helix.

Lipids containing glycerol would include _______________ and ____________. A. triglycerides, steroids B. prostaglandins, phospholipids C. triglycerides, phospholipids D. steroids, prostaglandins

C. triglycerides, phospholipids

What holds a protein in its tertiary structure? A. hydrogen bonds between nearby amino acids B. weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids C. disulfide bonds between sulfur groups on cysteines D. Both weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids and disulfide bonds between sulfur groups on cysteines are correct.

D. Both weak chemical bonds between widely spaced amino acids and disulfide bonds between sulfur groups on cysteines are correct.

Which of the following is NOT a difference between DNA and RNA? A. They have different sugars. B. RNA is a single strand, while DNA is a double strand. C. DNA has thymine, while RNA has uracil. D. They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions.

D. They both can leave the nucleus to perform their functions.

A molecule that is part polar and part nonpolar is called A. anenantiomer. B. a ketone body. C. unsaturated. D. amphipathic.

D. amphipathic.

Regarding acids and bases, A. acids will increase the pH of a solution. B. bases will decrease the pH of a solution. C. acids will accept hydrogen ions in a solution. D. bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

D. bases will accept hydrogen ions in a solution.

An example of an aromatic substance is A. hexane. B. cyclohexane. C. fructose. D. benzene.

D. benzene.

The primary buffer in the blood is the _______________ buffer. A. hydronium B. ammonia C. phosphate D. bicarbonate

D. bicarbonate

The ability of water to be pulled as a column through narrow channels is called A. osmalality. B. surface tension. C. neutrality. D. capillary action.

D. capillary action.

In the formation of triglycerides, A. hydroxyl and carbonyl groups interact. B. amino and carbonyl groups interact. C. carboxyl and amino groups interact. D. carboxyl and hydroxyl groups interact.

D. carboxyl and hydroxyl groups interact.

Hydration spheres can be formed by compounds which contain _______________ bonds. A. nonpolar covalent B. polar covalent C. ionic D. either polar covalent or ionic

D. either polar covalent or ionic

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid? A. prostaglandins B. triglycerides C. cholesterol D. glycogen

D. glycogen

Which of the following is NOT a derivative of cholesterol? A. corticosteroids B. vitamin D3 C. aldosterone D. lecithin

D. lecithin

Phospholipid molecules will form aggregates called ______ when placed in water. A. surfactants B. ketone bodies C. prostaglandins D. micelles

D. micelles

Bonds that are formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms within water molecules are called A. hydrogen bonds. B. ionic bonds. C. nonpolar covalent bonds. D. polar covalent bonds.

D. polar covalent bonds.

Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA? A. phosphate B. deoxyribose sugar C. guanine D. uracil

D. uracil

The __________ is the physical space which an electron occupies in an atom. A. nucleus B. orbital C. energy level D.Both orbital and energy level are correct.

D.Both orbital and energy level are correct.

As the pH of the blood decreases, the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood would decrease.

FALSE

Carbohydrate molecules have a ratio of twice as many oxygen atoms to carbon atoms.

FALSE

Carbon atoms form many organic molecules by forming polar covalent bonds with other carbon atoms.

FALSE

Corticosteroids are a type of lipid commonly found in cell membranes.

FALSE

Fructose is a ketone.

FALSE

In DNA, cytosine forms a complementary base pair with adenine.

FALSE

Ionic bonds are very strong and will not easily dissociate in water.

FALSE

Molecules with polar covalent bonds are hydrophobic.

FALSE

Only L-stereoisomers are absorbed by the digestive tract and used to synthesize organic molecules.

FALSE

Organic acids contain carbonyl groups.

FALSE

Neutrons are uncharged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

true