PHYSIO.ch2

Represented by the flow of charged particles along a conductor or the flow of ions across a membrane is an example of what kind of energy?

Electrical energy

Chemical reactions that release energy are:

Exergonic

Chaperonins aid in the desired folding of:

Proteins

The outermost energy shell of an atom is known as its:

Valence shell

Which of the following is considered the universal solvent? Intracellular fluid Blood Plasma Water

Water Water is an unparallel solvent and thus known as the universal solvent.

The difference between a colloid and a suspension is:

A colloid can undergo sol-gel transformation, whereas a suspension cannot. Colloids are mainly homogeneous but have some heterogeneous solutions. Suspensions are heterogeneous solutions.

What happens in hydrolysis?

A molecule of water is added for each bond broken.

Energy relationships between the electrons of the reacting atoms are:

Chemical bonds

Which of the following is a property of matter? The weight of matter remains constant wherever the object is. In all cases, matter can be seen, smelled and felt. Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states. Mass of an object can change depending upon a variety of factors including gravitational pull, atmospheric pressure and temperature.

Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.

Legs moving the pedals of a bicycle is an example of what kind of energy?

Mechanical energy

Smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties.

Molecule

The biochemical building blocks/precursors/monomers of carbohydrates are:

Monosaccharides.

Lipid with one double bond

Monounsaturated

Neutral subatomic particle.

Neutron

What kind of molecules are electrically balanced?

Non-polar molecules

A bond in which electrons are equally shared.

Nonpolar covalent bond

The biochemical building blocks/precursors/monomers of DNA (nucleic acid) is:

Nucleotides

The building blocks of RNA and DNA are:

Nucleotides

Which of the lipids are thought to decrease heart disease?

Omega-3 fatty acids

Ionic bonds form between two atoms when:

One atom donates an electron to the other atom.

What is integral to all cell membranes?

Phospholipids

A bond in which electrons are NOT shared equally.

Polar covalent bond

Lipid with more than one double bond

Polyunsaturated

Which of the following is not one of the four basic elements that comprise approximately 96% of a human's body weight? Hydrogen Carbon Potassium Oxygen

Potassium

Ionic bonds are generally found in inorganic compounds. T or F

True

Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of neutrons contained. T or F

True

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. T or F

True

The reason certain types of bugs can walk on water is because water has a high surface tension. T or F

True

AB ----> A + B

decompostion reaction

AB + C ----> AC+ B

exchange reaction

Something with a pH of 5 would _____.

have more H+ ions than OH- ions

Trans fats

"Bad" fats

Omega-3 fats

"Good" fats

Ninety-six percent of body weight is made up of:

4 elements: Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen

A chemical bond formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from the outermost energy level (the valance shell) of one atom to that of the other is a(n):

An ionic bond. An ionic bond is formed when a chemical bond formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from the outermost energy level (the valance shell) of one atom to that of the other.

When atoms or molecules combine to form larger more complex molecules, the process is known as:

Anabolism Anabolism is the process by which atoms or molecules combine to form larger more complex molecules.

Electrically charged particle from gain of an electron

Anion

Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.

Atom

Each known element is designated with a one or two letter chemical shorthand known as the:

Atomic symbol

Which of the following is true of atoms? An atom will always display a negative electrical charge. Depending upon the number of neutrons, an atom may possess a positive, negative, or neutral electrical charge. Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties. Atoms are composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called elements.

Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties.

If the pH or temperature of the environment that contains a protein is altered dramatically, then the protein may:

Become denatured.

An organic compound is analyzed, and it has twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms. This compound is most likely a:

Carbohydrate Carbohydrates have CHO with a 1:2:1 ratio.

What elements do sugars contain?

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

What kind of reactions involve the breaking down of large complex molecules into smaller, simpler molecules and atoms?

Catabolic reations

Electrically charged particle from loss of an electron.

Cation

When the bonds of ATP are broken, energy is released to do cellular work is an example of what kind of energy?

Chemical energy

The most important steriod molecule is:

Cholesterol

The function of microRNA (miRNA) is to:

Controls genetic expression by turning some genes on and others off, thus controlling genetic expression.

In what reaction is a molecule of water removed when proteins are synthesized from smaller molecules?

Dehydration

What regulates inflammation

Eicosanoids

Reactions which release energy are:

Exergonic reations.

An acid can be described as a proton acceptor. (True or False)

False Bases are proton acceptors.

Phosphorus is found in all organic compounds. T or F

False Carbon is found in ALL organic compounds.

The properties of individual atoms and the compounds they make are always very similar. T or F

False Compounds usually have very different properties from the atoms that make them.

Covalent bonds are generally weaker than hydrogen bonds. T or F

False Covalent bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds.

Electrons bear a positive charge equal in strength to the negative charge of the proton. T or F

False Electrons bear a negative charge equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton.

Lipids are a poor source of stored energy. T or F

False Lipids are humans' most plentiful source of stored energy.

Oxygen is present in proteins but NOT fats. T or F

False Oxygen is in proteins and fats.

Polar molecules are electrically balanced, due to the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms of the molecules. T or F

False Polar molecules are not electrically balanced.

The number of electrons in an atom is always equal to the number of neutrons. T or F

False The number of electrons in an atom are equal to the number of protons.

The biochemical building blocks/precursors/monomers of lipids are:

Glycerol and fatty acids.

Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction? Removing the biological catalysts Lower temperature Large particles High concentration of reagents

High concentration of reagents

A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.

Hydrogen bond

pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of:

Hydrogen ions in a solution

A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.

Ionic bond

All electrolytes are:

Ions, which are capable of conducting an electrical current.

Which of the following is true of an isotope? Isotopes only exist for a few elements. All isotopes of a given element are found in equal amounts in nature. Isotopes have the same number of neutrons, but differ in the number of protons they contain. Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they carry. The majority of elements have two or more structural variations called isotopes. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain. Isotopes are not necessarily present in equal amounts in a given element.

Which of the following about kinetic energy is INCORRECT? It is energy in action. It is based on moving one object to start a series of objects moving that eventually perform work. It is a type of stored energy. It works by moving objects.

It is a type of stored energy

Prostagladins are:

Lipids. Prostaglandins are a type of eicosanoids, which are diverse lipids found in the cell membrane.

Which of the following best defines potential energy? Potential energy is energy that cannot be converted to kinetic energy. Potential energy is energy that has achieved its potential—energy in action, seen in the constant movement of the tiniest particles of matter, as well as in larger objects. Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so. Potential energy is energy that travels in waves, and includes visible light and radio waves.

Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so.

The sequence of amino acids in a protein constitutes the _________structure of the protein.

Primary Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

The linear sequence of amino acids comprising a protein chain

Primary structure

Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when __________ are added to a solution.

Proton donors. Buffers accept or release protons.

Two or more proteins aggregated together

Quaternary structure

Energy that travels in waves; part of the electromagnetic spectrum is an example of what kind of energy?

Radiant energy

Which of the following types of energy moves in waves? Radiant energy Chemical energy Mechanical energy Electrical energy

Radiant energy

A homogenous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids is referred to as a:

Solution

What does the presence of biological catalysts do to the rate of a chemical reaction?

Speeds it up

What do buffers do?

Stabilize pH.

Alpha and beta regions fold upon each other

Tertiary structure

Which of the following statements about a dipole is INCORRECT? They orient themselves towards other dipole molecules. The dipole molecules are electrically balanced. An example of a dipole molecule is water. They are essential for chemical reactions of body cells to take place.

The dipole molecules are electrically balanced.

What is used as energy stores and for insulation?

Triglycerides

A synthesis reaction always involves bond formation. T or F

True

All organic molecules contain carbon. T or F

True

Emulsions are heterogeneous mixtures. T or F.

True Colloids, also called emulsions, are heterogeneous mixtures, which means that their composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture.

Elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. T or F

True Elements cannot be broken down into other substances without changing their chemical properties.

Glucose is an example of a monosaccharide. T or F

True Glucose is a simple sugar

Lipids are NOT the preferred source of energy for fueling cellular activity. T or F

True Glucose is the preferred source of energy for fueling cellular activity.

A charged particle is correctly called an ion. T or F

True Ions are charged particles.

The lower the pH, the higher the hydrogen ion concentration. T or F

True pH is on a reverse log scale.

In biochemistry, and thus in the body, the universal solvent is:

Water.

Which of the following does not represent an accurate hierarchy in the natural combination of matter? Mixtures are substances composed of two or more components physically blended. When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope. A molecule contains two or more atoms. Protons, neutrons, and electrons comprise atoms, which chemically bond with other atoms to form molecules.

When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope.

The biochemical building blocks/precursors/monomers of proteins is

amino acids

Catabolic reations involve:

release of energy.

A + B <---->AB

reversible reaction

Lipid with all single bonds

saturated

Composed of alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets

secondary structure

Sex hormones are

steriods

A + B ----> AB

synthesis reaction

In an ionic bond:

there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.