physiology lab exam 3
We did two experiments related to hemostasis: determing bleeding tie and clotting time. Put the following events related to hemostasis in order ultimately ending in formation of a clot (the last answer.... note: not all steps are presented) a. vascular spasm b. platelet plug c. activation of factor X d. activation of prothrombin to its active form e. formation of a clot
a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd d. 4th e. 5th
n the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that could only have anti-B antibodies A+
a. A+
The neurotransmitter released by parasympatheteic postganglionic nerve fibers at the SA Node is ___________________. acetylcholine
acetylcholine
In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and BP. Which of the following cardiovascular responses would be expected? (assume that the subject lets their nervous system dictate breathing responses.....yes, the response is a little different if the subject voluntarily supresses the normal, involuntary breathing response and voluntarily controlls breathing; how cool is that?) a. an increase in TPR
an increase in TPR
If the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the heart, we would expect to observe which of the following? an increase in heart rate an increase in contractility
an increase in heart rate an increase in contractility
Which of the following antibodies could be found in blood type O- anti-A anti-Rh anti-B
anti-A anti-Rh anti-B
Which of the following antibodies could be found in blood type O+ anti-B anti-A
anti-B anti-A
Which of the following antibodies could be found in blood type AB- answer: anti Rh
anti-Rh
Which of the following would be expected to have a negative chronotropic effect? applying atenolol (a beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocker) applying acetylcholine to the heart applying cold Ringer's solution applying potassium to the heart
applying atenolol (a beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocker) applying acetylcholine to the heart applying cold Ringer's solution applying potassium to the heart
Which of the following would be expected to decrease heart rate? applying atenolol (a beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocker) applying cold Ringer's solution applying potassium to the heart applying acetylcholine to the heart
applying atenolol (a beta-1-adrenergic receptor blocker) applying cold Ringer's solution applying potassium to the heart applying acetylcholine to the heart
Which of the following would be expected to decrease cardiac contractility? applying potassium to the heart applying cold Ringer's solution to the heart
applying potassium to the heart applying cold Ringer's solution to the heart
Which of the following would be expected to have a positive chronotropic effect? applying warm Ringer's solution to the heart applying epinephrine to the heart
applying warm Ringer's solution to the heart applying epinephrine to the heart
The second heart sound would occur when answer: Te pressure in A falls below the pressure in D
b. Te pressure in A falls below the pressure in D
If your subject was resting and relaxed, which of the following would we expect to observe if we injected them with atropine? an increase in heart rate
b. an increase in heart rate
When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following would NOT be parts of the reflex arc for the baroreflex that helps us to maintain pressure after standing up? b. one of our effector organs, our veins, would vasodilate
b. one of our effector organs, our veins, would vasodilate
Possible hematocrit in an adult female who has a kidney tumor that causes an increase in erythropoiten secretion answer: 68%
d. 68%
which of the following is/are true about clotting? d. a clot is made up of a fibrin network
d. a clot is made up of a fibrin network
When the parasympathetic nervous system is acting on the AV Node it would result in which of the following changes to intracellular signals (2nd messengers)? decrease cAMP
decrease cAMP
We demonstrated a couple different methods for determining blood pressure in lab X. One method that we did not use entails placing a catheter into the subject's brachial artery at the level of the heart. This is a very accurate way to measure blood pressue and is is called the ___________________________________________________method for determining blood pressure. direct method
direct method
The fourth heart sound would occur when during the cardiac cycle? during late filling of the ventricle when the atria contract
during late filling of the ventricle when the atria contract
Your subject's cardiac output is 4.8 L/min , their heart rate is 74 bpm, and their blood pressure is 116/63. What is their rate pressure product? (no units required) during late filling of the ventricle when the atria contract
during late filling of the ventricle when the atria contract
The sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter that acts on the heart binds with ______________________________ in the ventricles Beta-1-adrenergic receptors
e. Beta-1-adrenergic receptors
When we use a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to determine blood pressure, what is true of the first sound we hear? e. it is called the first Korotkoff sound
e. it is called the first Korotkoff sound
Which of the following is/are true about the second heart sound? it occurs when the pressure in the ventricles falls below the pressure in the aorta
e. it occurs when the pressure in the ventricles falls below the pressure in the aorta
When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. If a patient takes a vasodilator (such as a calcium channel blocker, an alpha antagonist, or an angiotensin II receptor blocker), how do you think this would influence their ability to maintain blood pressure after standing up e. it would be harder to maintain blood pressure because vasoconstriction in the legs would be less effective
e. it would be harder to maintain blood pressure because vasoconstriction in the legs would be less effective
Despite its reputation, Athens is not the highest city in the world. The highest city in the world is La Rinconada in Peru, which is almost 17,000 feet above sea level. If your subject spent a month living there, which of the following would NOT be expected? e. All of these changes WOULD be expected
e. All of these changes WOULD be expected
The third heart sound would occur when during the cardiac cycle? early filling of the ventricles right after the AV valves open
early filling of the ventricles right after the AV valves open
Which of the following is NOT related to part P of this curve: elastic recoil of veins
elastic recoil of veins
calculate stroke volume end diastolic volume - end systolic volume
end diastolic volume - end systolic volume
monocyte function enter tissues and become macrophages
enter tissues and become macrophages
In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that would only have B antigens answer: B-
f. B-
erythrocyte function filled with hemoglobin, carries a lot of oxygen
filled with hemoglobin, carries a lot of oxygen
Which heart sound is associated with closing of the AV valves? first
first
In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that would only have A antigens A-
g. A-
hearts oxygen demand heart rate* sbp
heart rate* sbp
calculate hematocrit height rbc/height total *.96
height rbc/height total *.96
what sound is systolic loud
loud
In a subject who has mitral regurgitation, we would expect to hear? lub - swish - sup
lub - swish - sup
In a subject who had aortic stenosis, we would expect to hear? lub - whistle - dup
lub - whistle - dup
Your subject's heart rate is 63 bpm, their stroke volume is 61 ml/bt, their mean arterial pressure is 90 mmHg, their pulse pressure is 43 mmHg, the distance from their heart to the top of their head is 50 cm, and the distance from their heart to the bottom of their feet is 117 cm. What is the pressure at the top of their head? (no units required) 51.5 ± 1%
51.5 ± 1%
Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.08 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.9 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 49 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 82 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 40 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's rate pressure product? (no units required) 6,777.8 ± 1.5%
6,777.8 ± 1.5%
A diastolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg would be suggestive of hypotension 60
60
Calculate mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (hemoglobin (g/dL blood) *100)/ hematocrit
(hemoglobin (g/dL blood) *100)/ hematocrit
QRS interval time
.08-.12
pr interval time
0.12-0.20
qt interval time
0.34-0.43 sec
Match the variable with the most appropriate numerical value or value range 1. platelet count- 150,000-400,000/mm3 2. basophils- ~0.5% of leukocytes 3. leukocyte count- 5,000-1,0000/mm3 4. lymphocytes- ~25-30% of leukocytes 5. neutrophils- ~65% of leukocytes 6. red blood cell count for females- 4-5.5 million/mm3
1. F. 150,000-400,000/mm3 2. C. ~0.5% of leukocytes 3. E. 5,000-1,0000/mm3 4. A. ~25-30% of leukocytes 5. B. ~65% of leukocytes 6. D. 4-5.5 million/mm3
Your subject's cardiac output is 4.3 L/min , their heart rate is 79 bpm, and their blood pressure is 132/62. What is their rate pressure product? (no units required) 10,428.0 ± 1%
10,428.0 ± 1%
Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.87 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.9 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 57 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 76 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 47 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume? (no units required) 100.1 ± 1.5%
100.1 ± 1.5%
You collected the following data from your subject cardiac output is 4.8 L/min , their heart rate is 83 bpm, their blood pressure is 123/93. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required) 103.0 ± 1.5
103.0 ± 1.5
Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. In cardiac muscle stimulating with increasing freqeuncies fails to cause tetanus because of gap junctions
In cardiac muscle stimulating with increasing freqeuncies fails to cause tetanus because of gap junctions
Your subject's heart rate is 69 bpm, their stroke volume is 62 ml/bt, their mean arterial pressure is 85 mmHg, their pulse pressure is 31 mmHg, the distance from their heart to the top of their head is 45 cm, and the distance from their heart to the bottom of their feet is 127 cm. What is the pressure at the bottom of their feet? (no units required) 182.8 ± 1%
182.8 ± 1%
What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) answer: 19.04
19.04
Your subject's heart rate is 60 bpm, their stroke volume is 61 ml/bt, their mean arterial pressure is 91 mmHg, their pulse pressure is 35 mmHg, the distance from their heart to the top of their head is 49 cm, and the distance from their heart to the bottom of their feet is 104 cm. What is the pressure at the bottom of their feet? (no units required) 171.1
Selected Answer: [None Given]Correct Answer: 171.1 ± 1%
The second heart sound would occur when Te pressure in A falls below the pressure in D
Te pressure in A falls below the pressure in D
The first heart sound would occur when The pressure in D exceeds the pressure in G
The pressure in D exceeds the pressure in G
Click on the best location to put your stethoscope if you want to hear sounds associated with normal/abnormal function of the aortic valve Top Left Bottom Right
Top Left Bottom Right
Click on the best location to put your stethoscope if you want to hear sounds associated with normal/abnormal function of the mitral valve Top Left Bottom Right
Top Left Bottom Right
Click on the best location to put your stethoscope if you want to hear sounds associated with normal/abnormal function of the tricuspid valve Top Left Bottom Right
Top Left Bottom Right
If the parasympathetic nervous system is acting on the heart, we would expect to observe which of the following? a decrease in heart rate an increase in AV nodal delay
a decrease in heart rate an increase in AV nodal delay
If the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the heart, we would expect to observe which of the following? a positive inotropic effect a positive chronotropic effect
a. a positive inotropic effect b. a positive chronotropic effect
We performed a couple of statistical tests in our blood lab. Match the descriptions the best answer. answer: a. 0.85 b. unpaired t-test c. 0.001 d. Pearson correlation e. -0.9
a. 0.85 b. unpaired t-test c. 0.001 d. Pearson correlation e. -0.9
Specific locations around the thorax serve as the optimal sites for listening to sounds associated with normal/abnormal valve function. The 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line is approximately the location of the apex of the heart. This is considered the best location for listening to sounds associated with the __________________ valve mitral
mitral
Dashed line Q is cloer to N than O because: more time is spent in diastole than systole
more time is spent in diastole than systole
What does the 4th Korotkoff sound sound like? muffled
muffled
what sounds is diastolic blood pressure muffled
muffled
The parasympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter that acts on the heart binds with ______________________________ in the SA Node muscarinic receptors
muscarinic receptors
If your subject was exercising at a moderate intensity (HR 120bpm), which of the following would we expect to observe if we injected them with atropine? no change in heart rate
no change in heart rate
What does the 5th Korotkoff sound sound like? no sound
no sound
Match the receptors/stimuli with the most appropriate cardiovascular responses/reflexes initial response to the cold pressor test- nociceptors modified tilt test-baroreceptors rebreathing- peripheral chemoreceptors detecting an increase in CO2 the diving reflex-thermoreceptors
nociceptors baroreceptors peripheral chemoreceptors detecting an increase in CO2 thermoreceptors
The neurotransmitter released by sympatheteic postganglionic nerve fibers at the SA Node is ___________________. norepinephrine
norepinephrine
The first heart sound would occur when pressure in T increases above pressure in O
pressure in T increases above pressure in O
O+ receive= O+ and O- donate= O+, A+, B+, AB+
receive= O+ and O- donate= O+, A+, B+, AB+
calculate rate pressure product resting heart rate (RHR) multiplied by systolic blood pressure (SBP
resting heart rate (RHR) multiplied by systolic blood pressure (SBP
Which heart sound is associated with closing of the semilunar valves? second
second
If observed, when does the 3rd heart sound occur relative to our other heart sounds? shortly after S2
shortly after S2
If observed, when does the 4th heart sound occur relative to our other heart sounds? shortly before S1
shortly before S1
lymphocyte function some of these can differentiate and make antibodies
some of these can differentiate and make antibodies
The third heart sound would occur when the pressure in A falls below the pressure in B
the pressure in A falls below the pressure in B
Which of the following is NOT related to part P of this curve: this second increase in pressure comes just after closing of AV valves
this second increase in pressure comes just after closing of AV valves
The first Korotkoff sound is associated with: turbulent blood flow
turbulent blood flow
if we heard lub - swish - dup it could mean that E is insufficient
E is insufficient
if we heard lub - swish - dup it could mean that E is regurgitating
E is regurgitating
if we heard lub - whistle - dup it could mean that F has stenosis
F has stenosis
White blood cell range 5,000-10,000
5,000-10,000
You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 118/74. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 142 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 110 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 105, then a little louder again around 90, becomes muffled around 82, and then disappears at 65 mmHg. Based on this information what is their systolic blood pressure? 110
110
For a subject with healthy blood pressure (neither hypo- or hypertension), R on this figure would be approximately: 120
120
Based on current (after 2017) guidelines a systolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg would be classified as elevated (more than one acceptable answer) 125
125
Based on pre-2017 guidelines a systolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg would be classified as pre-hypertensive (more than one acceptable answer) 130
130
You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 112/68 with a heart rate of 81. How high should you pump up the pressure in the cuff before you begin taking their BP? 137
137
Based on pre-2017 guidelines hypertension could be diagnosed based on a systolic blood pressure __________ mmHg 140
140
You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 120/89 with a heart rate of 52. How high should you pump up the pressure in the cuff before you begin taking their BP? 145
145
platelet range 150,000-400,000
150,000-400,000
What is this subject's arterial oxygen content? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) answer: 17.16
17.16
The picture below depicts your subject's blood typing tray. Cells clumped together in the gray shaded cells. Which of the following is/are true about your subject's blood? select all that apply (A, B, and Rh are all clumped) answer: 2. Their blood cells have Rh antigens on them 3. Their blood cells have A antigens on them 8. This subject has blood type AB+ 9. Their blood cells have B antigens on them
2. Their blood cells have Rh antigens on them 3. Their blood cells have A antigens on them 8. This subject has blood type AB+ 9. Their blood cells have B antigens on them
When you are using the auscultatory method for determining blood pressure, how high do y ou pump up the pressure in the cuff? 20-30 mmHg above the expected systolic blood pressure
20-30 mmHg above the expected systolic blood pressure
Possible hematocrit in an adult male with sickle cell disease 23%
23%
What is this subject's oxygen carrying capacity? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) answer: 23.63
23.63
Platelet average 250,000
250,000
What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) answer: 26.55
26.55
What is this subject's mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration? You obtained the following data from your subject: (no units required) answer: 29.74
29.74
normal range corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 30-35
30-35
hematocrit range women 36-48%
36-48%
women rbc range 4-5.5 million
4-5.5 million
Which of the following is closest to a healthy red blood cell count for a healthy adult female? 4.4 million/mm3
4.4 million/mm3
men rbc range 4.5-6 million
4.5-6 million
hematocrit average women 42
42
hematocrit range men 42-52%
42-52%
Your subject's heart rate is 62 bpm, their stroke volume is 78 ml/bt, their mean arterial pressure is 86 mmHg, their pulse pressure is 37 mmHg, the distance from their heart to the top of their head is 54 cm, and the distance from their heart to the bottom of their feet is 118 cm. What is the pressure at the top of their head? (no units required) 44.4 ± 1%
44.4 ± 1%
hematocrit average men 45
45
What is a typical value for cardiac output in a healthy adult human (in L)? 5
5
You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method on a hot day outside and they just finished exercising in the heat. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 116/82. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 141 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 119 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 101, then a little louder again around 94, becomes muffled around 63, and then disappears at 0 mmHg. Based on this information what is their diastolic blood pressure? 63 ± 10
63 ± 10
Your subject's cardiac output is 5.5 L/min, their RRinterval is 0.75 seconds long, and their blood pressure is 110/81. What is their stroke volume (use ml, not L)? (no units required) 68.8
68.8
Your subject's cardiac output is 4.9 L/min , their heart rate is 56 bpm, and their blood pressure is 131/59. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand? (no units required) 7,336.0 ± 1%
7,336.0 ± 1%
Your subject's cardiac output is 5.8 L/min , their heart rate is 69 bpm, and their blood pressure is 109/68. Estimate their heart's oxygen demand? (no units required) 7,521.0 ± 1%
7,521.0 ± 1%
What is a typical value for stroke volume in a healthy adult human (in mL)? 75
75
You are taking a subject's blood pressure by the auscultatory method. When you have worked with this patient before, their blood pressure is usually around 132/84. You pump the cuff up until the pressure is 154 mmHg. You then release the pressure from the cuff, while listening for changes in sound as the pressure in the cuff gradually becomes lower. The needle on the sphygmomanometer is moving down and is at 137 mmHg when you hear a relatively loud sound, then it becomes a little softer at around 122, then a little louder again around 109, becomes muffled around 95, and then disappears at 79 mmHg. Based on this information what is their diastolic blood pressure? 79
79
Your subject's heart is beating once every 1.05 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 5.1 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 63 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 65 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 42 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's mean arterial pressure? (no units required) 79.0 ± 1.5%
79.0 ± 1.5%
A systolic blood pressure of __________ mmHg increases the possibility of the subject experiencing syncope 90
90
What is a typical value for mean arterial pressure in a healthy adult human? 93.3
93.3
You collected the following data from your subject cardiac output is 4.4 L/min , their heart rate is 69 bpm, their blood pressure is 139/74. What is their mean arterial pressure? (no units required) 95.7 ± 1.5
95.7 ± 1.5
Your subject's cardiac output is 5.3 L/min , their heart rate is 55 bpm, and their blood pressure is 123/88. What is their stroke volume (use ml, not L)? (no units required) 96.4 ± 2
96.4 ± 2
Your subject's heart is beating once every 0.85 seconds. Their heart is pumping out 6.9 liters of blood from the heart every minute. After every beat of the heart, there is still 50 milliliters of blood left in the ventricle. The minimum pressure recorded during diastole is 61 millimeters of mercury and every time blood is ejected the pressure increases by 51 millimeters fo mercury from this point. What is this subject's stroke volume? (no units required) 97.8 ± 1.5%
97.8 ± 1.5%
Which of the following would be expected to cause a negative inotropic effect? applying potassium to the heart applying cold Ringer's solution to the heart
:a. applying potassium to the heart f. applying cold Ringer's solution to the heart
Calculate arterial oxygen content = O2 carrying capacity * SaO2
= O2 carrying capacity * SaO2
calculate oxygen carrying capacity =Hb* 1.39
=Hb* 1.39
pressure at top of head =mean arterial pressure - (.77*distance to top of head)
=mean arterial pressure - (.77*distance to top of head)
In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, a blood type that could only have anti-B and anti-Rh antibodies A-
A-
Which of the following blood types can type A- receive blood from? A-, O-
A-, O-
Which of the following blood types can type A- donate to? AB+, AB-, A+, A-
AB+, AB-, A+, A-
Which of the following drugs could be used to block the effects of norepinephrine on the SA Node? Atenolol, a type of beta1-antagonist (blocker)
Atenolol, a type of beta1-antagonist (blocker)
Which of the following drugs could be used to block the effects of norepinephrine on the ventricles? Atenolol, a type of beta1-antagonist (blocker)
Atenolol, a type of beta1-antagonist (blocker)
Which of the following drugs could be used to block the effects of acetylcholine on the SA Node? Atropine
Atropine
Which of the following antigens would be found in blood type B- answer: B
B
Which of the following blood types can type B- donate to? B+ AB- B- AB+
B+ AB- B- AB+
The sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitter that acts on the heart binds with ______________________________ in the ventricles Beta-1-adrenergic receptors
Beta-1-adrenergic receptors
Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Which of the following findings is/are NOT true about similarities and/or differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? select the single best answer answer:In cardiac muscle stimulating with increasing freqeuncies fails to cause tetanus because of gap junctions
In cardiac muscle stimulating with increasing freqeuncies fails to cause tetanus because of gap junctions
everal of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Which of the following findings is/are NOT true about similarities and/or differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? select the single best answer In cardiac muscle we eventually stretched the muscle to a point where we expected to observe a decrease in strength of contraction
In cardiac muscle we eventually stretched the muscle to a point where we expected to observe a decrease in strength of contraction
Which of the following images depicts a monocyte? answer: M- big nucleus, purple not pink
M- big nucleus, purple not pink
On this figure the mitral valve is labbelled __ N
N
Most to least common blood type O+ A+ B+ O- A- AB+ B- AB-
O+ A+ B+ O- A- AB+ B- AB-
Put the following blood types in order of most common to least common answer: O+, A+, B+, AB+
O+, A+, B+, AB+
Which of the following blood types can type O+ receive blood from? answer: O+, O-
O+, O-
In the ABO and Rh antigenic systems , a blood type that could have anti-A, Anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies O-
O-
Which of the following depicts a basophil? O- granulated big purple circle
O- granulated big purple circle
If we increased stroke volume, we would expect which of the following to increase the most? Q
Q
On this figure the tricuspid valve is labbelled __ Q
Q
If we heard lub -swish - dup when listening to heart sounds it could mean that R is regurgitating
R is regurgitating
A+ Receive= A+, A-, O+, O- Donate= A+, AB+
Receive= A+, A-, O+, O- Donate= A+, AB+
A- Receive= A-, O- Donate= A+, A-, AB+, AB-
Receive= A-, O- Donate= A+, A-, AB+, AB-
AB- Receive= AB-, B-, A-, O- donate= AB-, AB+
Receive= AB-, B-, A-, O- donate= AB-, AB+
B+ Receive= B+, B-, O
Receive= B+, B-, O
B- Receive= B-, O- Donate= B+, B-, AB+, AB-
Receive= B-, O- Donate= B+, B-, AB+, AB-
O- Receive= O- donate= all types
Receive= O- donate= all types
AB+ Receive= all types Donate= AB+
Receive= all types Donate= AB+
The cardiovascular (CV) response to isometric exercise, like a wall squat or isometric handgrip exericse, is slightly different from the CV response to aerobic exercise. Which of the following is/are true about the blood pressure response to isometric exercise? a. SBP increases
Response Feedback: MAP and SBP increases during both types, but they both tend to increase more with isometric a. SBP increases
In lab we performed modified tilt tests. These are a simple way to test a patient's ability to maintain blood pressure when changing position (orthostasis). Which of the following would suggest that your patient is "tilt positive"? answer: HR increasing from 64 to 86 bpm
c. HR increasing from 64 to 86 bpm
When we change from a supine, or a seated, to a standing position we observe specific cardiovascular adjustments with an initial phase and then a second phase where we adjust back towards normal. Which of the following are symptoms might be observed in subjects who are not able to adequately maintain blood pressure when we stand up? c. all of these answers
c. all of these answers Response Feedback: all of these answers are correct. if the person has mild orthostati hypotension they will usually feel a little lightheaded. if it is a little worse, they will have an exageraged response to try to bring BP back up by increasing HR, which can cause the HR to race and the patient may even be able to feel their heart racing (palpitations). In a worst case scenario the BP will drop so much that the subject will lose consiousness (syncope).
One of your patients has hypertension and you usually determine that their blood pressure is around 154/90. However, one of your interns usually determines that they have a blood pressure of around 128/90. What might they be doing wrong to get this answer? c. they might not be pumping the pressure in the cuff high enough to be able to observe the first Korotkoff sound
c. they might not be pumping the pressure in the cuff high enough to be able to observe the first Korotkoff sound
A blood type that would not have any antigens in the ABO and Rh antigenic systems, answer: O-
c. O-
In our rebreathing experiment, we had our subject put a bag over their mouth and nose and observed changes in heart rate and MAP. Which of the following autonomic adjustments is most likely involved in these cardiovascular responses? d. an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity
d. an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity
The third heart sound would occur when during the cardiac cycle? d. early filling of the ventricles right after the AV valves open
d. early filling of the ventricles right after the AV valves open
When the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the ventricles it would result in which of the following changes to intracellular signals (2nd messengers)? increase cAMP
d. increase cAMP
S on this figure is the ___ mean arterial pressure
d. mean arterial pressure
Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. Which of the following findings is/are NOT true about similarities and/or differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle? select the single best answer answer: the reason that additional voltage fails to cause a stronger response in cardiac muscle is because cardiac muscle cells have a long refractory period
d. the reason that additional voltage fails to cause a stronger response in cardiac muscle is because cardiac muscle cells have a long refractory period
The cardiovascular response to aerobic exercise, like cycling or running includes an increase in heart rate even before we start to exercise. Which of the following is/are true about this response? ?(try it at home, put on your exercise clothes and see what happens to HR) d. this is an example of feed-forward control
d. this is an example of feed-forward control
Which of the follwing stimuli intitiate the diving reflex? d. two of these answers apnea and facial cooling
d. two of these answers Response Feedback: apnea and facial cooling intitiate this reflex. Because this reflex is intitiated, in part, by stimulation of receptors associated with the trigeminal nerve, it is considered one of the trigeminocardiac reflexes (another cool one is the occulocardiac reflex - look it up). It would take a very long breath hold (you would likely pass out first) to decrease arterial pO2 from its normal ~100 mmHg to ~60 mmHg for these receptors to actually respond. This reflex has a lot to do with oxygen, but a drop in oxygen does not drop enough for chemoreceptors to play a role in intitating this reflex.
In our frog heart lab we observed, or attempted to observe normal rhtyhm as well as several types of arrhythmias. What is the best description for this frog's heart rhythm? normal
d. normal rhythm
During the fourth heart sound the pressure in T is below pressur ein O
d. the pressure in T is below pressur ein O
MCHC in a adult male answer: 32.5 g/dl
d. 32.5 g/dl
Several of the experiments we did in the cardiac lab are similar to experiments we did in the frog skeletal muscle lab. These experiments help to illustrate differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle. For example we applied acetylchoine to the heart in lab this week and in the muscle lab acetylcholine would have been released when we stimulated the sciatic nerve to cause skeletal muscle contraction. in cardiac muscle acetylcholine causces the muscle to contract
in cardiac muscle acetylcholine causces the muscle to contract
When the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the ventricles it would result in which of the following ionic/permeability changes? increase Ca2+ influx
increase Ca2+ influx
When the sympathetic nervous system is acting on the ventricles it would result in which of the following changes to intracellular signals (2nd messengers)? increase cAMP
increase cAMP
We demonstrated a couple different methods for determining blood pressure in lab X. Taking a subject's blood pressure using a stethoscope, blood pressure cuff and sphygmomanometer and noting when the Korotkoff sounds occur is a part of the ___________________________________________________for determining blood pressure. indirect-auscultatory
indirect-auscultatory
When we take a subject's blood pressure by inflating a blood pressure cuff and feeling for their radial pulse, we call this the ___________________________ method for determining blood pressure. indirect-palpatory
indirect-palpatory
When we use a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff to determine blood pressure, what is true of the first sound we hear? it is called the first Korotkoff sound
it is called the first Korotkoff sound
Possible hematocrit in an adult male who is has been monitoring climbers at Mt. Everest base camp (17,600 feet) for six weeks answer: 68%
k. 68%
The fifth Korotkoff sound is associated with: laminar blood flow
laminar blood flow
Calculate cardiac output stroke volume x heart rate
stroke volume x heart rate
The first Korotkoff sound is associated with: systolic blood pressure
systolic blood pressure
Calculate mean arterial pressure systolic pressure + (2 x diastolic pressure) ÷ 3
systolic pressure + (2 x diastolic pressure) ÷ 3
When the parasympathetic nervous system is acting on the SA Node it would result in which of the following ionic/permeability changes? two of these answers would happen
two of these answers would happen