planet earth

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continental slope

Directly seaward of the continental shelf is a more steeply sloping region called the _________

downwelling zones

The movement of warm surface waters towards the coast;causes a thickening of the surface waters which causes them to sink

continental shelf

a gently sloping platform with a variable landscape

upwelling zones

deeper water rises; winds blow surface water away from shore so deficit causes water to rise (happens near equator)

tide generating force

gravitational pull of sun and moon

bathymetry

is the topography (shape of the land) of the ocean floor; variation in depth

active continental margin

margin that coincides with a plate boundary and thus hosts many earthquakes

coriolis effect

phenomenon generated by the earth's rotation that causes surface currents in northern hemisphere to veer toward the right and southern currents to veer towards the left

thermocline

rapid change in temperature; warmer surface waters, rapid change in temperature to cold deep waters; Middle depth interval where temperatures sharply decline 300m

submarine canyons

relatively narrow and deep valleys that cut into continental shelf and slope

continental shelf

relatively shallow part of the ocean that fringes the continent 0-500 meters

thermohaline circulation

rising and sinking of water due to density contrasts; denser (colder, saltier) water sinks and less dense (warmer, less salty) rises

bathymetry is determined by

the way the tectonic plates are moving or aligned.

tide

twice a day rise and fall of water

abyssal plain

•Vast expanse of deep ocean floor with relatively slow-moving waters (flat & featureless); not common in the Pacific deeper than 4.5km

continental rise

4-4.5km in depth; formed by many deep sea fans

continental slope

500m-4km in depth; at eastern edge continental shelf merges to form__

d. (shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain)

The correct order of marine provinces from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is __________.

continental rise

The great heaps of unconsolidated sediment at the base of the continental slope are known as __________.

a. broad continental shelf

Characteristics of active continental margins include all of the following except __________. (a) broad continental shelf (b) chains of islands (c) deep-sea trenches (d) thin sediment accumulation (e) volcanic and earthquake activity

d. all of the above

Global circulation of ocean water is influenced by ___________. a. surface winds b. coastal upwelling and downwelling c. sinking of cold and saline water d. All of the above

downwelling

If currents are largely directed toward shore, the area is likely to experience

gyre

Nearly closed current system in the open ocean

e. all of these

Submarine canyons are __________. (a) found worldwide, on all kinds of shelves (b) steep-walled and narrow (c) cut into firm rock (d) cut into the shelf and may extend almost to the shore (e) all of these


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