Planets & Universe

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elliptical galaxy

huge galaxy that is round or oval in shape, has lots of old stars.

Mars

known as the red planet due to iron oxide in soil, named after the roman god of war; 4th planet from the sun.

galaxy

large group of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity; can be elliptical, spiral, or irregular

blue stars

massive, hot stars that uses up its hydrogen quickly, expands, and turns into a giant or supergiant

asteroid

numerous celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)

Pluto

reclassified as a dwarf planet Located in Kuiper belt

Mercury

smallest planet, closest to the Sun; has a thin atmosphere w/ temp. extremes, an iron core, & many craters & high cliffs

red giants

stars that reached old age, then increases in size and becomes very bright.

black dwarfs

stars that results when a white dwarf stops giving off energy and the final stage in the life of an average mass star ( like our sun).

solar system

sun, planets, and all the other objects that revolve around the sun

day

the amount of time it takes a planet to rotate one complete time on its axis.

apparent magnitude

the brightness of a star as seen from Earth

light minute

the distance light travels in one minute=18,000,000 km

Jupiter

the largest planet, the fifth planet from the sun; it has the Great Red spot and 69 known moons.

main sequence

the longest and most stable stage in the life cycle of a star

red giant

the next stage in the life cycle of our sun after being a yellow star.

neutron stars

the small, dense remains of a high-mass star after a supernova

light year

Distance light travels in a year

protostars

Early form of a star; This stage lies between the collapsing of dust and gas and the beginning of nuclear fusion

light minutes

Earth is 8.3 _______ from the sun.

black hole

Final stage in the life of a very massive star, where the core's mass collapses to a point that its gravity is so strong that not even light can escape.

Venus

This planet appears brighter than the others when seen from earth because it is the closest planet to earth.

Milky Way

This spiral shaped galaxy is only one out of billions of galaxies. Our solar system belongs to this galaxy.

sun

This star is at the center of our solar system

telescope

This tool is use to view distant objects by making them appear closer,such as planets and stars

light years

This unit is used to measure distance between stars because the distance between stars is so large (far apart).

rotation

a planet spinning on it's axis

revolution

a planet's yearlong elliptical orbit around the sun

planets

1) Large Round Objects 2) Orbits the Sun 3) clears most of its orbit of derbis 4)massive

Earth

3rd planet from sun; has an atmosphere that protects life & surface temp.'s that allow water to exist as a solid, liquid, & gas

Uranus

7th planet from Sun; is tipped on its side, a faint ring, and looks blue because of methane

Neptune

8th from the sun, furthest out, high methane content, has the great dark spot, low density, has 14 known moons

meteor

A STREAK OF LIGHT in the sky produced by the burning of a meteoroid in Earth's atmosphere

black hole

A final stage in the life of massive blue star, where the core's mass collapses to a point that its gravity is so strong that not even light can escape.

irregular galaxy

A galaxy that does not fit into any other category; one with an irregular shape

Great red spot

A giant storm, somewhat like a hurricane, on Jupiter that is more than twice as wide Earth.

meteorite

A meteoroid that passes through the atmosphere and hits Earth's surface.

moon

A natural satellite that revolves around a planet.

Kuiper Belt

A region of the solar system that is just beyond the orbit of Neptune and that contains small bodies made mostly of ice. Scientists think that comets come from here.

meteoroid

A relatively small (sand-grain to boulder size) piece of debris chipped off from an asteroid or comet that orbits in space.

gas giants

All of these planets have rings

main sequence

An area on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram that runs from the upper left to the lower right and includes more than 90% of all stars.

satellite

An object that revolves around another object in space. A moon is a ________ to earth.

Neptune

Of all the major planets, this one has the longest year.

Venus

Out of the major planets, this one has the longest day.

gas giants

Outer Planets that are mainly composed of gas and that are very large

terrestrial planets

Planets that are small, dense, and have rocky surfaces, with a crust, mantle, and iron core), similar to earth

dwarf planets

Small round bodies that orbit the sun but have not cleared the area around their orbits of other orbiting bodies

closer

Stars that appear biggest and brightest to us are usually stars that are ____ to us.

Saturn

The 6th planet from the sun and the second largest in the solar system, know for its many rings, has 62 known moons

gravity

The _____ of the sun is what keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.

absolute magnitude

The actual brightness of a star

year

The amount of time it takes a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun.

day

The amount of time it takes earth to complete this motion.

stars

The appearance of these objects from earth is affected by their, size, temperature, distance 7 brightness.

astronomical unit

The average distance between Earth and the sun, about 150 million kilometers

Moon

The closest object in space to the earth.

Venus

The closest planet to earth.

Sun

The closest star to Earth and the center of our solar system.

supernova

The explosive death of a massive star

black dwarf

The last stage in the life cycle of a star like our sun.

black hole

The life of a very high mass star may end as a neutron star or a ___________________________.

Milky Way

The name of our galaxy, a spiral galaxy that contains about 400 billion stars

comet

This object is known as a dirty snowball because it is composed of ice and rock which breaks apart as it nears the sun.

main sequence

The red arrows point to _______________ ________________ stars._

asteroid belt

The region of the solar system between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, where many asteroids are found.

month

The rotation and revolution time of the moon is approximately one _____.

comet

The tail of this object glows and gets longer as it gets close to the sun, in its highly elliptical orbit

gas giants

These four objects are known as _______

terrestrial planets

These four objects orbiting the sun are known as_______

blue stars

These stars have the highest temperature and highest luminosity (brightness)

meteor

These streaks of light are called shooting stars. They are also known as ______ showers.

Venus

This is the hottest planet in the solar system.

meteorite

What object most likely made this large crater?

blue stars

Which group of stars are the most massive with the highest luminosity (brightness)

red giants

Which stars are in their old age and have high magnitudes but low temperatures?

red dwarfs

Which stars have the lowest mass and lowest luminosity? (Brightness )

red dwarfs

Which stars have the lowest temperature and lowest luminosity?

blue stars

Which stars on the main sequence are hottest as well as brightest?

red dwarfs

Which stars on the main sequence are the dimmest as well as coolest?

yellow stars

Which stars on the main sequence have average temperature, brightness, and mass

nebula

a cloud of gas and dust in which new stars form

spiral galaxy

a galaxy with a bulge in the middle and arms that spiral outward in a pinwheel pattern, has lots of new stars

star

a huge ball of very hot gases in space

universe

everything that exists anywhere


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