Planning 3: Comprehensive Planning Process

General Purpose Thematic Analytical

3 Types of Maps for Land Use Planning:

Problem Structuring Identification and Evaluation of Alternative Responses Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation

4 General Planning Process: (example 1)

Synoptic Rationalism Incrementalism Transactive Planning Advocacy Planning Radical Planning Utopianism Methodism

7 Planning Theories:

American Institute of Certified Planners

AICP

American Planning Association

APA

La Ville Contemporaine

An example of a Utopian work.

Plan of Chicago

An example of a Utopian work.

Patrick Geddes, Ebenezer Howard

Comprehensive Planning evolved from a physical planning model from the 1920s to 1930s as exemplified by British planner ___________________'s S-A-P and __________________'s Garden City.

Map Title

Defines the information and purpose of a map.

Land Use Planning Urban Planning Regional Planning Transport Planning Environmental Planning

Discrete professional disciplines which involve spatial planning include: (give 5)

Transactive Planning

Espouses planning as a decentralized function based on face-to-face contacts, interpersonal dialogues, and mutual learning. It is roughly behavioralist-style planning.

Plan of Chicago (Daniel Burnham) Broadacre City (Frank Lloyd Wright) La Ville Contemporaine (Le Corbusier)

Examples of utopian works: (give 3)

Commerce Industry Tourism Agriculture

Factors to study in Economic Planning: (give 4)

Land Use Planning Planning Principles Ecological Balance Preservation/Conservation Urban Land Use Planning Physical Infrastructure Development

Factors to study in Physical Planning: (give 6)

Demography Education Housing Health Services Social Welfare Services Protective Services Sports and Recreation

Factors to study in Social Planning: (give 7)

Geographic Coordinates

Geographic grid known as latitudes and longitudes.

Alan Altshuler

He argued for abandoning the objective, non-political view of planning. He felt that to be effective, planners must become actively involved in the political process (in advocacy planning).

Saul Alinsky

He developed an advocacist vision of planning that is centered around so called "organizations." His organizations develop where people feel powerless. These organizations then hire planners (which he largely sees as political organizers) to identify problems, develop an awareness of these problems, and generate action.

Paul Davidoff

He was an early champion of advocacy planning. He argued that there is no one public interest for planners to serve, and thus, that planners have no choice but to become non-objective advocates for specific interests and groups.

lawyers

In Advocacy Planning, planners become like ___________: They advocate and defend the interests of a particular client or group (which is preferably economically disadvantaged and/or politically unorganized or underrepresented).

good, no

In Utopianism, the English homophone eutopia, derived from the Greek εὖ ("good" or "well") and topos ("place"), signifies a double meaning: "________ place" and "_________ place".

Synoptic Rationalism

In philosophy in general, rationalism is the foundation and embodiment of the scientific method. It serves the same role in planning theory.

Incrementalism

It accurately describes what actually occurs in most planning offices on a daily basis.

Zoning Regulations

It control the kinds of activities that can be accommodated on a given piece of land, the amount of space devoted to those activities and the ways that buildings may be placed and shaped.

Thematic

It depicts one single feature of the earth's surface representing one or two themes.

Comprehensive Plan

It dictates public policy in terms of transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, and housing. It encompass large geographical areas, a broad range of topics, and cover a long-term time horizon.

Regional Planning

It is a branch of land use planning and deals with the efficient placement of land use activities, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a significantly larger area of land than an individual city or town.

Zoning

It is a legal regulatory tool to implement the land use plan.

Planning

It is a thinking and social process. Intellectual thought processes (thinking aspect) as well as policies and actions (social aspect) are needed to bridge the gap between what is likely and what is desired.

Zoning

It is the designation and allocation of territorial areas of city or municipality into functional land use zones and districts.

Land Use Planning

It is the systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternatives for land use, and economic and social conditions in order to select and adopt the best land-use options.

Land Use Planning

It is the term used for a branch of public policy encompassing various disciplines which seek to order and regulate land use in an efficient and ethical way, thus preventing land use conflicts.

Land Use Conversion

It refers to the act or process of changing the current use of a piece of agricultural land into some other use.

Land Use

It refers to the manner of utilization of land, including its allocation, development and management.

Spatial Planning

It refers to the methods used by the public sector to influence the distribution of people and activities in spaces of various scales.

Hydrogeologic Map

It shows existing geologic features, rock types and ground and surface water.

General Purpose

It shows suite of physical and cultural features at the same time.

Soil Map

It shows the spatial distribution of different soil classification units in a locality.

Legend

Key to the codes and symbols used in a map.

zoning

Land use planning often leads to land use regulations, also known as __________, but they are not one in the same.

Date and Author

Name of map maker and date of survey or period covered by it.

Environmental Planning Process

PD 1308

intuition, experience

Planning is seen as less of a scientific technique and more of a mixture of __________ and ____________.

Social & economic development Urban development Regional development Natural resource management & integrated land use Infrastructure systems Governance frameworks

Some of the main elements of present day environmental planning are: (give 6)

Lee C. Slusser

The 'Planning Theory and Demographics' is by ___________________. He is an Urban and Regional Planner, Member of APA Pennysylvania Chapter.

Charles Lindbloom

The Incrementalism Theory was espoused by ______________________ in The Science of Muddling Through - is a practical response to rationalism.

Land Classification Map

The categories of land by the Forest Management Bureau.

Longitude (meridians)

The distance measured east and west with the imaginary prime meridian (Greenwich Laboratory in London) as reference line.

Latitude (parallels)

The distance measured north and south of the equator.

Planning

The key to orderly and rational land development in any local government unit, i.e. a city or municipality.

Graphic Scale

The line or bar marked off in graduated distances representing actual distances on the ground.

Scale

The ratio distance on the map itself and the corresponding distance on the ground.

Utopianism

The word comes from the Greek: οὐ ("not") and topos ("place").

Numerical / Functional

This compares map distance with ground distance by proportional numbers and expressed as a representative fraction or ratio.

Slope Map

This groups area exhibiting a particular range or degree of inclination.

Advocacism

This theory abandons the objective, non-political view of planning contained in rationalism.

Methodism

This theory addresses situations in which the planning techniques that should be used are known, but the ends that should be achieved by these techniques are not. Such a situation would be making a population projection just to have it handy when it is needed.

Radical Planning

This theory argues that planning is most effective when it is performed by non-professional neighborhood planning committees that empower common citizens to experiment with solving their own problems.

Utopianism

This theory believes that planning is most effective when it proposes sweeping changes that capture the public imagination. Also imagined as a perfect place or state of things.

Radicalism

This theory takes transactivism to its logical extreme. It hates hierarchical bureaucracies, centralized planning, and domineering professional planners.

North Arrow

Usually, maps are oriented towards the geographic (true) north.

Planning Process

Whatever the purpose may be, the ____________________ generally includes a set of activities that remain invariant across different planning philosophies.

Syn Optic

_______ means 'together', and ________ means 'seeing'.

Methodism

________________ views planning techniques as ends into themselves.

Maps / Mapping

a graphical representation of a place or particular phenomena or themes in an area. It is a convenient visual form of spatial data, their distribution and relationships.

Land Management Unit

a land resources inventory map describing the shape of land in terms of relief, not slope; an input map to land suitability map.

Maps / Mapping

a reduced and simplified model of reality containing geographic information. It is a graphic depiction of all or part of a geographic realm where the real-world features have been replaced with symbols in their correct spatial location at a reduced scale.

Erosion Hazard Map

analysis of soil and slope of an area.

Land Suitability Map

classifies land into categories based on the degree to which the characteristics of the land can satisfy the environmental requirements of specific crops without deterioration.

General Land Use

distribution of land uses covering the entire town.

Urban Land Use Map

distribution of land uses in the urban center.

Climate Map

gives the prevailing type of rainfall in the area.

Analytical

illustrates the derived results from the analysis of two or more variables according to desired outputs.

Development Constraints Map

illustrates the obstacles to development in the physical sense like subsidence, flooding risks, or fault lines.

Urban Land Use Plan

indicates planned distribution of urban land uses.

Land Values Map

indicates relative prices and values of land in an area.

Land Capability Map

indicates suitability of areas for cultivation.

Principle

is a law or rule that has to be, or usually is to be followed, or can be desirably followed, or is an inevitable consequence of something, such as the laws observed in nature or the way that a system is constructed.

Planning

is a process for accomplishing purposes. It is a blue print of business growth and a road map of development. It helps in deciding objectives both in quantitative and qualitative terms. It is setting of goals on the basis of objectives and keeping in the resources.

Planning

is a process of creating or maintaining a plan consideration.

Theory

is a technical term from Ancient Greek. It is derived from "theoria", meaning "a looking at, viewing, beholding", and refers to contemplation or speculation, as opposed to action.

Comprehensive Planning

is a term used in the United States by land use planners to describe a process that determines community goals and aspirations in terms of community development.

Environmental Planning

is the process of facilitating decision making to carry out development with due consideration given to the natural environmental, social, political, economic and governance factors and provides a holistic frame work to achieve sustainable outcomes.

Land Reclassification

is the subsequent classification, allocation and disposition of lands of the public domain, classified as alienable and disposable into specific uses;

Demographics

or demographic data are the characteristics of a human population. These types of data are used widely in sociology, public policy, and marketing or opinion research.

Soil Suitability Map

provides information on the degree of soil suitability for urban development.

Cadastral Map

public record of land ownership.

Environmental Planning

refers to activities concerned with the management and development of land, as well as, the preservation, conservation, and rehabilitation of the human environment.

Social Planning

refers to those activities concerned with planning, development, and management of social services, facilities required by specific population groups, community, town, city, province, region, or nation.

Economic Planning

refers to those activities concerned with uplifting the quality of life and income levels of the population through assessment of advantages from economic activities in either agriculture, industry, tourism, services, etc.

General Land Use Plan

reflects the planned distribution of land uses.

Physical Planning

shall mean the rational use of land for development purposes.

Topographic Map

shows a limited set of features including terrain, streams, boundaries, and roads.

Flooding Hazard

shows areas where flooding usually occur.

Population Density Map

shows concentration of population by class intervals in relation to land area.

Reference Map

shows simple properties of map data. Example: world map, road map, sketch map.

Land Use Map

shows spatial distribution of different land uses.

Zoning Map

shows the zones or districts according to present and potential uses of land.

Land Classification

which involves the assessment of unclassified lands under the public domain which include surveying, classifying, studying and mapping areas into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral and national parks;

Base Map

working map for the preparation of various maps.