plant midterm study guide

tropism

A growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus

stolons

A horizontal above ground stem that takes root at various intervals.

1. What are the major differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms

angiosperm-monocots and dicots. flowering plants gymnosperm- naked seeds

13. What is the crop coefficient?

are crop-specific values generated by research used with RET data to estimate the crop's evapotranspiration requirement (ETc)

important crop in the fabaceae family

beans and peas peanut soybean lentils

17. According to the USDA, how will climate change affect plant production?

boreal, and tundra plants may not be able to survive in a warmer climate

dicotyledons

broad leaves, branching veins/midrib, flower parts in multiples of 4/5

biomass partitioning

by which plants divide their energy among their parts for ultimate survival

10. What USDA hardiness zone is Ohio and why is it important to know that?

mostly zone 6 shows the expected low temperatures for the regions

perennial life cycle

plants that live many years; examples are trees and most shrubs

cotyledon

the 'seedling leaves' that are in the seed that provide the seedling with nourishment until it has time to develop it's true leaves.

12. What is evapotranspiration?

the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the earths land surface to atmosphere

4. How many µmol/m2/s are needed to grow strawberries and tomatoes?

strawberries - 300-800 tomatoes - 300-1500

the correct way to write a plant name

-always italicize -genus and specific

6. What are the effects of shade on plant growth?

-thinner leaves -less weight per unit area -reduced leaf width -reduced shoot density -reduced root to shoot ratio

16. How do xerophytic plants survive?

1. Thick cuticle. 2. Stomatal closure. 3. Reduction in # of stomata. 4. Stomata hidden in crypts or depressions in leaf surface (less exposure to wind and sun). 5. Reduction in size of transpiration surface (lower leaf only). 6. Increased water storage. 7. Thicker leaves and stems, or leaves reduced in #, or leaves drop off during dry season. 8. Leaves covered with silvery hairs (creates wind break & light reflective surface). 9. Deep taproots or widespreading fibrous roots near the soil surface. 10. Low growth form (reduces H2O loss from wind). 11. Reduced life cycles.

2. What wavelength (nm) of light is required by plants for photosynthesis?

400-700nm

15. Why was the soil conservation act of 1936 so important?

An Act to promote the conservation and profitable use of agricultural land resources by temporary Federal aid to farmers and by providing for a permanent policy of Federal aid to States for such purposes.

gibberelin

Cell division and cell elongation, flower initiation & sex expression, fruit set, senescence of plant parts, overcoming dormancy

what is vernalization

It is exposure to cold but non-freezing temperatures for several weeks but instead of breaking seed dormancy, bulb/plant/flower dormancy is broken or flowering is induced.

monocotyledons

Long & Narrow Leaves Parallel Veins Part of Flower (Petal & Sepal) in multiple of 3 Have 1 Cotyledon (Seed Leaf) Eg: Grass, Cereal, etc.

3. What is PAR and how is it expressed?

Photosynethically active radiation. -range that plants are able to use for photosynthesis. -expressed in micro moles umol per m2 per second

what are meristems

The areas in plants where growth occurs, because of unspecialised cells dividing by mitosis, differentiating and becoming specialised.

ethylene

The only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening.

5. What is photoperiodism in plants (long day and short day plants)?

a photomorphogenic response that enables plants to "tell time" by sensing diurnal changes in light quality

auxin

a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth

11. What is a boundary area of a leaf and how does that affect water movement out of the leaf?

air movement disturbs this by affecting the rate of transpiration through the plant

how are tree rings (lateral meristems) formed?

each year it gets bigger and adds on

what is stratification

exposure to cold but non-freezing temps under moist conditions to break dormancy.

important crop in the poaceae family

grasses -whet corn barley rice

rhizomes

horizontal underground stems

14. Why is soil infiltration rate of utmost importance when it comes to growing plants?

how much water can be held in the soil

what kind of meristems are in grasses

intercalary meristem

1. Why are day lengths in January shorter in Manchester, England than Columbus, Ohio?

it has a higher latitude

8. What are "Growing Degree Days" measuring?

predict when many crops are ready for harvest. -accumulated daily heat measures

biennial lifecycle

seed, vegetative growth, dormancy, growth 2, flower, death

annual plant lifecycle

seed, vegetative growth, flower, death