Plants People and You Final

HORT 1103 Plants, People & You is an intensive, scientific study of horticulture and students are expected to have a strong background in botany and chemistry when taking this course.

False

The Arkansas Darter, a fish discovered at Wilson Springs in 1979, needs dark, cave-like habitat.

False

Benefits of home gardens include:

Source of food and income Increased exercise, nutrition, health Source of education and family activity

Which of the following is NOT a horticultural crop?

Soybeans (Turfgrass sod Blackberries Ornamental plants all are)

Garden seed sales increased by >270% during the pandemic.

True

Grasses are beneficial in urban environments because they act as a filter for various pollutants.

True

It is estimated that historically Arkansas had over 1 million acres in tallgrass prairie, and possible much more.

True

Jennifer Ogle is the Collections Manager at the UARK Herbarium, as well as being a published author.

True

What does AES stand for?

Agriculture Experiment Station

What is one blackberry variety developed at FRS?

Ouachita

Wilson Springs is a restored wetland behind Sam's Club in Fayetteville.

True

The leading state in apple production is:

washington

How long does it take to release a new variety?

10 years

In big box stores like Lowe's and Walmart, home gardening makes up $_____/year in retail value.

250 billion

______% of American households planted a new garden during the pandemic.

26%

Robotic strawberry pickers are projected to replace how many harvest laborers?

30

There will be a 10 point quiz given after each HORT 1103 class section. How many of your lowest quiz scores will be dropped when calculating your final grade?

4

How many species of native bees are there in the US?

4,000

What percent of all known species of animals are bugs (arthropods)?

80-100%

The global human population is expected to reach _____ by 2050?

9 billion

What is the most renowned program at FRS?

Blackberry breeding

Examples of invasive plant species include:

Bradford pear Burning bush Winter creeper

Why is entomology/horticulture a good career?

Bugs cause billions of dollars of losses each year Pollinators are valued at $14 billion a year in the US Insects and plants are awesome!

Which is NOT a method of building healthy soils?

Bury a plastic bottle filled with fertilizer

Currently, the world's hottest chili pepper at 2.48 million SHU is _____________

Carolina Reaper

Where is the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station (FRS)?

Clarksville AR

Which one of the following is not an environmental benefit of green roofs?

Creating habitat for underground animals

Which group of animals is considered an arthropod?

Crustaceans - Crab, shrimp, lobsters, etc. Myriapods - Milipedes and centipedes Chelicerates - Spiders, scorpions, mites, etc. Insects

Below are ecological and organic land care strategies to remove invasive plants except:

Cussing at it until it gets sad and leaves

Undisturbed grassland soils will many times exhibit a deep layer of:

Decayed organic matter

The most widely grown apple in the US is:

Delicious

Grasses are excellent at controlling soil erosion because of their:

Dense, fibrous root system

The first public community gardens were established in 1897 in:

Detroit

What is a nectarine variety developed at FRS?

Effie

Increased urbanization is causing the area of turfgrass in the United States to decrease.

False

Ozark Green Roof installed a green roof on a public library in which NWA city?

Fayetteville

Examples of invasive species include:

Feral hogs Emerald Ash Borer Chestnut Blight Fungus

A common bacterial pathogen/disease of apples is:

Fire Blight

Substistence gardening is:

Growing food crops in order to meet the needs of the gardener; gardening to survive.

Community gardens:

Improve quality of life Develop community and stimulate social interaction within and area

What is one example of an insect pest of grapes?

Japanese beetles

The green roof at Uptown Apartments is a MODULAR or BUILT UP green roof system?

Modular

Which 3 essential nutrients are most likely to limit plant growth and are included in most fertilizers?

N, P, K

When you take a deep breath, what gasses are you actually inhaling?

Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide

If you plant a seed from a specific variety of grape plant,will that seed represent that same variety?

No

Green roofs were first used as a roofing material in what part of the world?

Northern Europe - Norway, Sweden, Iceland, Faroe Islands

Site analysis includes:

Observing the physical elements (topography, soils) Take note of existing organisms (plants, animals, insects, diseases) Research cultural elements (land history, current use, utilities)

Below are ways to reduce carbon emissions in gardening, except:

Ordering materials 3 states away because the price is 10% lower

Capsaicin is located in glands in what part of a chili fruit?

Placenta

What are the 'Three P's' of beneficial insects?

Predators, Parasitoids, Pollinators

Which of the following are benefits of turfgrasses in urban settings?

Provide beauty Provide abundant oxygen Provide areas for exercise and recreation Filter pollutants

Heat content in chili pepper is measured in:

Scoville Heat Units

The caterpillars of which species of butterfly (of special concern in the US) were eating up my coneflowers?

Silvery checkerspot

Apple rootstocks are used to modify tree

Size Fruit sweetness Pest resistance

What is the heaviest component of most green roofs and has a major impact on how well the plants will thrive?

Soil or growing medium

What are the 3 (three) missions of a Land Grant University, such as the University of Arkansas?

Teaching, Research, and Outreach

Which federal act of congress was passed in 1862 to provide funding to establish an agricultural college in every state?

The Morrill Act

What does the term 'Land Grant' refer to with regard to establishing an agricultural college?

The college was established from funds raised by selling federal lands

How do insects damage our crops?

They defoliate leaf material They feed on the developing fruit They bore into the stem and branches of the plant They cause leaves to become distorted and mishapen

Impacts of invasive plants on our environment include:

They displace native plant species and the animals that use them They alter ecosystem processes and reduce ecosystem health and productivity They reduce biodiversity

Why are insects important in horticulture?

They feed on the plants we are growing They pollinate the plants we are growing They help control pests

Grasses are effective at carbon sequestration because:

They produce a new root system each year

What makes a plant invasive?

They tolerate a wide variety of habitat conditions They grow FAST They leaf out early They lack natural enemies They produce alot of seed They compete for resources with native plants

The Horticulture discipline includes Science, Technology, Business, Art, and Hobby.

True

The large, well-manicured lawn is an American cultural phenomenon.

True

The literal (etymological) meaning of Horticulture is to cultivate (care for) garden plants.

True

The majority of the UA Herbarium is metal cabinets, housing plant specimens, protecting the collection from insect and light damage.

True

The subspecies of elk that grazed Arkansas for millennia is now extinct.

True

Turfgrasses are some of the best landscape plants for sequestering carbon

True

What technology can be used to kill powdery mildew and gray mold in greenhouses and fields?

UV light

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of a Horticultural plant?

Variety in shape, color, form, aroma, and flavor within a species High value and benefit Intensively managed and very perishable

Phototropism is:

What causes a plant to grow toward light

Which types of plants flower, produce seed within a fruit, and are typically highly evolved?

angiosperms

Who or what was my roommate in Minnesota?

bee

Apples are pollinated primarily by:

bees

What insect has been used as farm labor to deliver bio-fungicides?

bees

How are plants pollinated at FRS for breeding programs?

by hand

When using binomial nomenclature to refer to a specific plant by its universal name, what 2 components are listed?

genus and species

What is the chemical compound that gives a pepper its fire?

capsaicin

The leading country in apple production is:

china

Because apple trees can self-pollinate, you only need a single tree on your property to produce apples.

false

Chili pepper and black pepper come from the same plant.

false

Examples of abiotic stress include insect pests, diseases, and nematodes.

false

Gardening has been proven to increase osteroporsis in postmenopausal women.

false

Green Roofs provide more environmental benefits than trees and they should take priority over planting trees.

false

Green roofs are an example of hard engineering.

false

Green roofs require little to no maintenance.

false

Habitat fragmentation encourages the presence of pollinators.

false

How we garden, and our gardening practices, have no effect on an ecosystem.

false

In photosynthesis, the plant uses sunlight, water, and oxygen to make food (carbohydrate) and carbon dioxide.

false

Invasive plants are easily eradicated from a landscape and pose no threat to an ecosystem.

false

Male honeybees collect food for the hive.

false

Materials used to install green roofs have not changed since they were originally used in the Viking Ages.

false

Soil health is not an important factor in organic land care.

false

Specialty crops are lower in value and have lower labor costs than row crops.

false

The forbidden fruit tree in the garden of Eden was likely an apple tree, assuming that Eden was in the Fertile Crescent (modern-day Middle East).

false

Vegetables gardens do well in heavily shaded areas because they are shielded from the sun.

false

Which contains the reproductive organs of a plant?

flower

Examples of specialty crops are:

fruits, vegetables, and nuts

Which of the following types of green roofs has a thicker soil profile and can therefore grow plants with a deeper roof system?

intensive

Which of the following reasons will allow a HORT 1103 student to make up a quiz that was missed?

none of the above

Which of the following is a sustainable mulch?

pine straw

One who studies fruit such as apples is known as a

pomologist

Which is not considered one of the three major vegetative organs of a plant?

seed

In the US, which season are apples harvested in?

summer and fall

What was missing in my yard the summer I had 6 beehives?

trees

All chili peppers originated in the New World.

true

Broccoli and cabbage are in the same plant family.

true

Bugs (arthropods) are animals.

true

Bugs evolved and were successful on this planet long before Humans evolved.

true

Bumble bees are social insects.

true

Butter or other food containing fats can neutralize capsaicin in the mouth.

true

Capsaicin evolved as a protective mechanism to discourage mammals from eating fruit.

true

Carbon dioxide is an example of a greenhouse gas.

true

Climate can effect heat levels in chili peppers

true

Examples of community gardens include church gardens, neighborhood gardens, and parks.

true

Flowers provide both protein and carbohydrates for pollinators.

true

Garden soil should not be used when growing plants in containers (pots) because the soil will likely stay too wet

true

Green mulch is an effective strategy to reduce weeds and hold soil in place.

true

High-performance liquid chromatography directly measures capsaicin content in chili peppers.

true

In ecological gardening, always observe and correctly identify insect damage and insects to determine if it is a pest or an important part of an ecosystem.

true

Insects generally have 6 legs.

true

Liberty Gardens in WWl, and Victory or Freedom Gardens in WWll, enabled and encouraged the population of the US to participate in the war effort.

true

Native bees can be ground and cavity dwellers.

true

One way insects decrease our food is by making it unmarketable.

true

Our mission is to conduct research and achieve scientific discoveries that benefit Arkansas citizens.

true

Pollinated crops include almonds, coconut, and peppermint.

true

The pH of substrate (soil or potting mix) is important because it affects whether essential nutrients like nitrogen, potassium, or iron in the substrate are soluble and available for uptake by plants.

true

There are county extension offices in all 75 counties in Arkansas.

true

Fruit and vegetables are important sources of what?

vitamins and minerals