PLT Praxis (5622) M.C. Practice Questions

Effective teacher study groups primarily contain which of the following components?

A few key questions to provide teachers with a direction for inquiry

Which of the following best represents the application of a thematic unit?

A kindergarten teacher designs a lesson in which students will learn about animals' habitats and young, as well as make models of animals.

Which of the following statements is true of English Language Learner proficiency? A. Academic English proficiency is key to student achievement B. English Language Learner achievement gaps are wide only in reading C. The majority of English Language Learners are not from low-income families D. Language barriers of English Language Learners do not have long-term detrimental effects on student performance

Academic English proficiency is key to student achievement

A fourth-grade teacher wants to assess the level of student understanding during a math lesson. The teacher asks the students to respond to a series of questions with thumbs-up or thumbs-down to indicate their answer. Most students indicate incorrect responses to several questions. Which of the following strategies is best for the teacher to implement next?

Adjusting instruction immediately to correct the errors

The first grade standard stating "Given a two-digit number, mentally find 10 more or 10 less than the number, without having to count..." is an example of targeting the ___________ domain(s). A. Cognitive B. Affective C. Psychomotor D. Cognitive and affective

Cognitive

Piaget's process of accommodation is most closely related to ____________. A. Classical conditioning B. Cognitive dissonance C. Attribution theory D. Intrinsic motivation

Cognitive dissonance

One of the first grade teachers is going to include some lessons about heredity in her Family and Ancestry unit, and the other is not. This primarily reveals a difference in ___________. A. Philosophy B. Style C. Scope D. Sequence

Scope

The legislation that was the first statute to declare civil rights for children and all people with disabilities and paved the way for the Americans with Disabilities Act is A. the Qualified Individuals with Disabilities Act. B. Section 107 of the Rehabilitation Act. C. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. D. the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act

Which of the following strategies best targets students' zone of proximal development during reading instruction?

Selecting guided reading books for students at a level above their independent level

Feedback from students allows teachers to make informed decisions about _______. A. Student learning and success B. Intervention, remediation, and enrichment C. Curriculum pacing, scope and sequencing, and lesson planning D. All of the above

Student learning and success, intervention, remediation, and enrichment, and curriculum pacing, scope and sequencing, and lesson planning

Which of the following statements best describes the benefit of using peer assessment in the classroom?

Students can internalize the characteristics of quality work.

Learning objectives should be measurable in order to be useful to teachers and students. Which of the following is NOT an important characteristic of an objective? A. The objective should be relevant. B. The objective should be time-based. C. The objective should be specific. D. The objective should be general.

The objective should be general

A teacher using systems of positive reinforcement and logical consequences to motivate learners best illustrates the tenets of __________. A. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs B. Thorndike's Law of Effect C. Erikson's Theory of Identity & Psychosocial Development D. Heider/Weiner's Attribution Theory

Thorndike's Law of Effect

Which of the following is the best reason for implementing a professional learning community (PLC) as a professional development tool?

To encourage collaboration and reflection to improve instruction and student learning

Instruction that incorporates visual literacy education A. can prepare K-6 students to decode media advertisements. B. is not developmentally appropriate for K-6 learners. C. requires the use of technology. D. assumes students are given rather than construct knowledge.

can prepare K-6 students to decode media advertisements

Brown v. Board of Education A. declared schools had the right to house black students in schools that were separate from white students. B. was the first challenge to school segregation. C. caused far-reaching ideological and social implications about natural rights beyond children and education. D. supported the "separate but equal" doctrine.

caused far-reaching ideological and social implications about natural rights beyond children and education

Due process is intended to ensure that A. teachers have the right to an attorney when accused of a crime. B. all children are protected from abusive situations. C. children with disabilities receive a free, appropriate education. D. if teachers have a criminal record, they cannot teach young children.

children with disabilities receive a free, appropriate education

A school district is looking at opportunities to improve collaboration between stakeholders. Which of the following requires the most collaboration between internal and external stakeholders? A. Holding weekly faculty meetings B. Creating a social media account C. Convening a school improvement team D. Establishing a student-run school radio station

convening a school improvement team

The theoretical basis of standards-based education is that A. standards motivate students to learn. B. it provides fodder for testing students. C. if we set academic standards for what students should be able to do and know, then we can use the standards to guide what we teach students D. standards teach the basic concepts of predominant educational theories

if we set academic standards for what students should be able to do and know, then we can use the standards to guide what we teach students

Every individual has the right to access and receive information and expressions of ideas from all points of view, without restriction. This right is known as A. due process. B. mandated reporting of child abuse. C. copyright. D. intellectual freedom.

intellectual freedom

Which of the following teacher activities best supports reflective practice? A. Completely weekly lesson plans B. Talking to students about their learning C. Journaling about classroom experiences D. Designing assessments to measure content mastery

journaling about classroom experiences

Which of the following assessments best helps a science teacher determine a student's ability to test a hypothesis A. Multiple-choice test B. Lab experiment C. Cloze activity D. Lab report

lab experiment

In the middle of a math lesson, a third grade teacher realizes that several students are having difficulty understanding and applying the strategy involved. The teacher should investigate which of the following as possible causes? A. low self esteem B. lack of prior knowledge C. cultural difference theory D. Both A and B

low self esteem and lack of prior knowledge

A child who sneaks a cookie from the cookie jar judges the morality of his act by its direct consequences. He considers it isn't wrong to do as long as he doesn't get caught. This kind of morality exemplifies which of the Kohlberg's six stages of moral development? A. self-interest orientation B. obedience and punishment orientation C. interpersonal accord and conformity D. authority and social-order maintaining orientation

obedience and punishment orientation

Phonological awareness is an umbrella term that includes the ability to discriminate A. letters and their corresponding sounds. B. sentences and sentence fragments. C. numbers, letters, and symbols. D. onset and rime, syllables, and phonemes.

onset and rime, syllables, and phonemes

On a spelling test, Molly gets 15 out of 20 correct. She has earned a score of 75%. Last week she got 60% on the spelling test. What type of assessment is this? A. informal testing B. norm-referenced testing C. criterion-referenced testing D. rational testing

criterion-referenced testing

A reading teacher wants to create an assessment that will require students to answer questions at the evaluation level of Bloom's Taxonomy. The best assessment for meeting the teacher's goal is to have students do which of the following? A. Summarize a passage B. Identify the main idea of a text C. Critique an author's point of view D. Compare characters in a story

critique an author's point of view

Mrs. Marsh is using hands-on learning strategies with her fifth grade science students as they work to create a closed circuit and make a small light bulb function. What type of learning are her fift-graders utilizing? A. convergent thinking B. creative thinking C. divergent thinking D. direct thinking

divergent thinking

Mr. Como is planning a lesson in which students will demonstrate their understanding of the main idea of a passage. Which of the following assessment formats would be the best way to assess that students have met the learning objective? A. performance B. portfolio C. essay D. observation

essay

Which of the following statements best identifies a limitation of using a developmental portfolio as an assessment tool? A. Establishing reliable and valid evaluative criteria can be challenging B. Ratings of student work are consistently more objective than subjective C. The contents of portfolios are not typical of student work D. Portfolios measure superficial learning only

establishing reliable and valid evaluative criteria can be challenging

One of the disadvantages of using scoring rubrics to evaluate a student's writing is that they typically A. give so much information that they might overwhelm the student. B. relay specifically why the student earned the grade he did. C. give students specific information on their writing. D. can save teachers time writing out responses to children's writing.

gives so much information that they might overwhelm the student

Research shows that poverty A. affects achievement of Caucasian students only. B. has no effect on student achievement. C. slightly affects student achievement. D. greatly affects student achievement.

greatly affects student achievement

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates that each student with a disability A. has an individualized education plan (IEP) stating modifications to be provided by teachers B. is provided appropriate education within a private school setting C. be separated from children without disabilities to receive diagnostic assessment and instruction from specialized educators trained to work with the child's disability D. be removed from the regular classroom only if parents of the children who are not disabled complain

has an individualized education plan (IEP) stating modifications to be provided by teachers

Which of the following is an example of self-determination? A. giving a pop quiz to see if students read and understood the assigned readings B. assigning students readings to prepare them for the upcoming state tests C. giving students a topic to research and report about in small groups D. promoting the value of a task when assigning it

promoting the value of a task when assigning it

When addressing continued misbehavior, teachers can best establish expectations for student behavior by developing clear rules and procedures as well as by doing which of the following? A. giving the students a warning for their misbehavior B. providing students with a peer mentor for guidance C. giving feedback on student goals and objectives D. providing consequences for student misbehavior

providing consequences for student misbehavior

According to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is the most basic need that must be met before any other can be attained? A. psychological needs B. esteem needs C. social needs D. safety needs

psychological needs

All of the following exemplify ways to arrange classroom space effectively to facilitate inclusion EXCEPT A. placing students desks in groups of two to four desks per group to encourage cooperative learning, discussion, and collaboration B. decorating in a way that does not create sensory overload and distraction C. clearing items out of pathways to ensure all students can move around the room safely D. setting students desks in rows facing the teacher's desk at the front of the classroom

setting students desks in rows facing the teacher's desk at the front of the classroom

Which of the following scenarios most closely describes the learning environment in a classroom that utilizes constructivist theory? A. Mentoring and monitoring students as they learn social behaviors from others in the school setting B. Sharing and equalizing interactions between the teacher and the students throughout the day C. Employing extrinsic rewards provided by the teacher to the students to encourage participation D. Providing consequences to students to reinforce behaviors that allow for progress

sharing and equalizing interactions between the teacher and the students throughout the day

Which of the following types of memory is primarily increased by chunking information? A. Long-term memory B. Short-term memory C. Implicit memory D. Declarative memory

short-term memory

Lesson plan objectives A. should correspond to national and state learning standards. B. should be broad enough to meet the needs of all students in the class, even children with disabilities. C. describe what the students are able to do prior to the lesson. D. should not correspond with assessment criteria.

should correspond to national and state learning standards

Which of the following would be the most effective way for children to learn how the digestive system works? A. to read about it in a book B. to read about it in several different resources, such as books, websites, and illustrations C. to participate in teacher-led instruction that includes diagrams and note-taking D. small-group collaborative creation of a model of the system constructed by consulting various resources

small-group collaborative creation of a model of the system constructed by consulting various resources

Research shows that when a teacher increases the amount of time he pauses after he has asked a question, A. interruptions increase. B. student-to-student interactions increase. C. responses are shortened. D. a greater number of lower cognitive responses occur.

student-to-student interactions increase

A fourth-grade teacher, using peer assessment for the first time with her students, is skeptical because she knows one of the disadvantages of peer assessment is that A. it generally encourages students to produce higher-quality work. B. it provides valuable insight about the product, assessment too, and process that the peer assessor can apply to his own work. C. students can receive more feedback than they would if they just received a score from the teacher. D. students might not provide rigorous feedback about their peers based on nonacademic reasons.

students might not provide rigorous feedback about their peers based on nonacademic reasons

Funds of knowledge refers to A. the life and education experiences of a family. B. the exchange of knowledge that occurs in a school setting. C. the financial exchange that takes place between tutors and their tutees. D. the exchange of labor for capital.

the life and education experiences of a family

What is a benefit to teachers being flexible in classroom instruction? A. they take more time with instruction B. students get a break from real learning C. they get more content for testing time D. they respond to student needs and increase learning

they respond to student needs and increase learning

Which of the following actions is the best example of a student using short-term memory to complete an instructional task? A. Using a table of contents to quickly locate a specific chapter in a textbook B. Recalling the main events seen in a movie that relate to a topic of study C. Using flash cards to gain speed in recognition of multiplication facts D. Playing a game with another student that requires mastery of state capitals

using a table of contents to quickly locate a specific chapter in a textbook

Good assessments consists of multiple qualities and rely on several factors. When an assessment measures what it intends to measure, it is known to be A. practical B. reliable C. valid D. criterion-referenced

valid

Which of the following is the best example of differentiate instruction? A. cross-grade-level reading buddies B. heterogeneously grouped instruction C. varying the expected outcomes or products of student learning to match students' attributes D. setting up learning centers in the classroom

varying the expected outcomes of products of student learning to match students' attributes

The behaviorist theorist John B. Watson A. believed the instinct for love is something we are born with. B. emphasized the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate. C. was one of the first psychologists to propose that children should be treated like children, not young adults. D. warned against the dangers of parents giving too much affection and love to their children.

warned against the dangers of parents giving too much affection and love to their children

The McGuffey Readers A. were introduced in schools in the 18th century. B. were seminal in separating church and state in schools. C. were highly moralistic in nature, modeling honesty, kindness, and truthfulness. D. denounced autocratic educational practices.

were highly moralistic in nature, modeling honesty, kindness, and truthfulness

Beginning with a standard stated as a student learning objective in order to plan a lesson is an example of ____________. A. An "anticipatory set" B. "Backwards Planning" C. Aligning assessment with the instructional goal D. None of the above

"Backwards Planning"

Ms. Henri asks the class, "What is the capital of New York State?" Carolina calls out, "New York City!" What would be the best way for her teacher to reply to encourage Carolina to continue to be engaged? A. "No, Carolina. Does anyone else know the right answer?" B. "Oh, very good try! You're thinking New York City because it's the largest city in New York, but the Capital is actually a smaller city in upstate New York. What could it be, Carolina?" C. "Good try, but not correct. Try again." D. "I bet many of us would think it's New York City, but that isn't right."

"Oh, very good try! You're thinking New York City because it's the largest city in New York, but the Capital is actually a smaller city in upstate New York. What could it be, Carolina?"

What is the best way to explain standardized test stanine scores to a parent? A. "Stanine scores are like percentages and are based on the highest score of 100." B. "Stanine scores are determined by giving a test that is developed for one grade to students in another grade." C. "Stanine scores range from 1 to 9. Scores of 4 through 6 are average. Scores below 4 indicate areas where the child needs improvement. Scores above 6 indicate the child performed better in those areas than other children who took the same test." D. "Stanine scores are not helpful to determine a child's progress. They are used strictly by testing publishers to evaluate the reliability and validity of a test."

"Stanine scores range from 1 to 9. Scores of 4 through 6 are average. Scores below 4 indicate areas where the child needs improvement. Scores above 6 indicate the child performed better in those areas than other children who took the same test."

Which of the following examples represents an inappropriate response to an incorrect answer? A. "Can you explain more about that?" B. "Thank you for giving that a try, would you like some help with your thinking?" C. "That's not quite right, does someone else know?" D. "Thank you for sharing this, because that is actually a very common misconception."

"That's not quite right, does someone else know?"

In 2014, the Office for Civil Rights (OCR), a subagency of the United States Department of Education (ED), issued a set of guidelines that provide information to educators regarding students' civil rights and equal access to educational resources. Which THREE of the following statements best describe the foundational principles contained in the OCR's guidelines? A. Students have the right to free speech provided their speech does not interfere with a school's educational mission. B. A high-quality education for all students includes resources such as academic and extracurricular programs, strong teaching, and instructional materials. C. All students--regardless of race, color, national origin, or sip code--deserve a high-quality education. D. High-quality resources provided to all students include state-of-the-art technology and strong community support. E. All students need to have equal access to comparable resources in light of their educational needs

-a high-quality education for all students includes resources such as academic and extracurricular programs, strong teaching, and instructional material -all students--regardless of race, color, national origin, or zip code--deserve a high-quality education -all students need to have equal access to comparable resources in light of their education needs

Question:According to the psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg, children's moral reasoning processes mature over time.Place each of the following descriptions of children's moral reasoning at different developmental stages in order from least complex to most complex.

1. A child obeys because an authority figure says to obey; morality is based on little thought and avoiding punishment. 2. A child obeys because it is in one's best interest to obey; morality is based on rewards and self-interest. 3. A child's actions emphasize healthy interpersonal relationships; morality is based on loyalty to the group.

Which of the following instructional activities is best for a teacher to use to extend a lesson about similes?

Asking students to write their own similes to share with the class

Which of the following responsibilities is primarily considered part of a paraeducator's role when working with a classroom teacher?

Assisting the teacher with planning and instruction

Which of the following scenarios is NOT an example of promoting self-regulation? A. Students using "turn-and-talk" to discuss morning meeting procedures B. Meeting one-on-one to discuss a student goal C. Posting a photo of what an organized work space looks like D. A teacher e-mailing parents a reminder for student to complete that evening's homework assignment

A teacher e-mailing parents a reminder for student to complete that evening's homework assignment

Which of the following is the best example of holistic scoring? A. A student receives two points for each correct multiple-choice answer on a quiz. B. A teacher adds the four separate scores the student earned on each part of the assignment to come up with the final score the student earns. C. A student self-assess which words he or she still has to study for the weekly spelling test. D. A teacher gives a score based on his or her overall impression of an essay, not the separate elements within it.

A teacher gives a score based on his or her overall impression of an essay, not the separate elements within it

Research suggests that the core components of effective classroom management do NOT include _____________. A. The teaching of transition time routines B. Classroom arrangement C. Alignment with an authoritarian teaching style D. Record keeping considerations

Alignment with an authoritarian teaching style

All of the following EXCEPT ________ are key components of constructivism. A. Expository teaching B. Experiential learning C. Discovery learning D. Inquiry

All of the following EXCEPT ________ are key components of constructivism.

All of the following topics except ____________ are great examples of opportunities for interdisciplinary instruction. A. How Money Affects People's Lives B. A Gingerbread Man unit C. An Exploration of Subtraction with Re-grouping D. An Investigation Into Garden Friends and Foes

An Exploration of Subtraction with Regrouping

A writing rubric that gives separate scores for organization, ideas, and conventions is an example of _________. A. Scaled scoring B. Analytical scoring C. Measuring variability D. Holistic scoring

Analytical scoring

Detecting bias is a complex cognitive process that involves ______________. A. Analyzing facts and opinions for validation and looking for evidence of persuasion B. Modeling with confirmation and adjustment C. The role past experience plays in the application of knowledge/skills to new situations D. The application of reason/logic to new ideas or information

Analyzing facts and opinions for validation and looking for evidence of persuasion

Eight year old Nathan has been failing to reach the class goal of 30 addition facts answered correctly in one minute. The teacher decides to use individual goals for the one-minute timings instead, and adjusts Nathan's goal to 20. This decision most clearly demonstrates a/an ___________. A. Teacher's misunderstanding of child development B. Appropriate modification to a cognitive task C. Clear understanding of a developmental need for competence D. Both B and C

Appropriate modification to a cognitive task and clear understanding of a developmental need for competence

____________ is NOT an active listening strategy. A. Restating B. Asking questions C. Providing feedback D. Arguing a point

Arguing a point

Prompting, restating, reflective listening, and wait time are all strategies to support students in ____________. A. Articulating their ideas B. Challenging assumptions C. Making connections to prior knowledge D. Designing alternate solutions

Articulating their ideas

The modeling strategy of instruction is most directly associated with ___________. A. Heterogeneous grouping B. Individual ZPD, accommodation, and modification C. Attention, Encoding-Retention, and Reproduction D. Self-regulation

Attention, encoding-retention, and reproduction

Megan is a second-grade student who experiences difficulty with the following. Understanding directions given by the teacher during transitions Recognizing individual sounds in words and word endings that rhyme Recalling general information and details from stories read aloud In which of the following areas does Megan most likely have an exceptionality?

Auditory

Students with which of the following dominant learning styles are most apt to succeed in an academic class that features lectures, discussion, and group work?

Auditory

In planning a kindergarten sink-or-float experiment with pumpkins, the teacher is confident that most students will be surprised by such a large and heavy object being able to float. S/he designs some discussion questions that will support the students in having to adjust their original schema around what causes objects to sink. This scenario demonstrates the teacher's awareness of ___________. A. Vicarious learning B. Zones of Proximal Development C. Reciprocal Determinism D. Cognitivism

Cognitivism

Which of the following structures are NOT important to the creation of a safe and open forum for discussion in a classroom? A. Risk-taking B. Competition C. Engagement D. Tolerance

Competition

Which of the following is the most effective strategy for a teacher to use when establishing standards of conduct in a middle school classroom?

Composing a classroom pledge together with the students

Indirect instruction is associated with _____________. A. Constructivism B. Student-Centeredness C. Use of inductive strategies D. All of the above

Constructivism, student-centeredness, and use of inductive strategies

Which of the following statements best describes a limitation of an online portfolio for a student assessment?

Content mastery is difficult to determine objectively.

A group of teachers want to investigate the effectiveness of intervention programs they are using with Tier 2 reading groups. They will compare the programs by measuring what proportion of the Tier 2 students demonstrate mastery of a learning objective after the interventions' lessons for it. One of the tools they could use to record and display the counts in a matrix that will help them determine whether the events are dependent or independent, and make conclusions about the probability of the programs' effectiveness is a ___________. A. Bar Graph B. Histogram C. Contingency table D. Cross-sectional study

Contingency table

Mario, a kindergartner, recently moved to the United States from Guatemala and is in the early stages of acquiring English. Which of the following approaches best meets Mario's needs?

Helping Mario learn English according to his own pace

Which of the following is a primary purpose of a teacher using a brainstorming session to start a lesson?

Determining students' prior knowledge

A student is able to use counters to show that 3 + 4 = 7, but when the teacher writes 3 + 4 = ? on the white board, the same student cannot answer the question. A reasonable conclusion the teacher may draw is that this child __________. A. Has not yet reached Piaget's preoperational stage of development B. Does not respond typically to operant conditioning C. Is performing at the synthesis level of Bloom's Taxonomy D. Has a learning disability

Has not yet reached Piaget's preoperational stage of development

To best encourage students to reflect upon their learning, a teacher might prompt them to complete which of the following statements? A. The most significant part was... B. Now I understand that... C. A thought I especially liked was... D. This makes me think of...

Now I understand that...

A(n)__________ is a reflective practice tool that allows teachers to reflect on philosophy, environment, beliefs, and identity. A. Checklist B. Incident Analysis C. Peer observation D. Portfolio

Portfolio

Which assessment best matches the purpose of showing a parent the progress a student has made during a second conference? A. Portfolio B. Diagnostic pretest C. Scoring guide D. Rubric

Portfolio

Stahl's 1985 "Think Time" evolved from Rowe's 1972 "Wait time". "Think Time" uses include all of the following except __________. A. Student pause time B. Teacher pause time C. Post-student question wait time D. Post-teacher question wait time

Post-student question wait time

Self-directed students responsible for their own thinking fall under the constructivism approach to learning. Which of the following theorists believed in constructivism? A. David Kolb B. Jean Piaget C. Lev Vygotsky D. John Watson

David Kolb

A fourth-grade science instructional objective states that students will be able to compare and contrast food webs from diverse ecosystems. Which of the following types of assessments is the most effective to determine if the students have met the objective?

Creating a concept map

Which of the following classroom practices best exemplifies Maslow's educational philosophy?

Creating an environment in which students feel safe taking risks

If a teacher wants to determine the individual strengths and weaknesses of a student in order to decide the content of an upcoming intervention lesson, a recent _____________ test would provide the most useful information. A. Norm-referenced B. Aptitude C. Criterion-referenced D. Ability

Criterion-referenced

Which of the following activities is NOT an example of complex cognitive processing? A. Putting plot events in chronological order B. Describing the setting of a narrative C. Summarizing the chapter of a text D. Writing a prediction of what may happen next

Describing the setting of a narative

Which of the following considerations should you pay the most attention to in first setting up the classroom before students arrive? A. Desk/table arrangement B. Location of your file cabinet C. Attendance procedures D. Posting expectations

Desk/table arrangement

Responses to which of the following questions would reflect the highest order of thinking according to Bloom's Taxonomy? A. Do you think gun control is a good thing or a bad thing? B. What happened at a Connecticut school in the fall of 2012 that caused people to debate issues related to gun control? C. What differences exist between the Connecticut shooting and the Colorado shootings in Columbine (1999) and Aurora (2012)? D. Do you know of another instance when issues of gun control were debated?

Do you think gun control is a good thing or a bad thing?

Which of the following questions refers to validity? A. Will all items on the test be internally consistent? B. If students take the same test over and over, will they perform similarly each time? C. If several teachers score an assessment, will they all get similar results? D. Does the rubric used really measure the students' ability to summarize a passage?

Does the rubric used really measure the students' ability to summarize a passage?

If the family of an English Language Learner who is not proficient in English only speaks Spanish, the school must provide them with information in their native language. This is legislated by the __________________. A. EEOA B. Civil Rights Act C. FERPA D. First Amendment

EEOA

Students that are unable to participate in the regular education setting in their local school are still guaranteed an education that is free and an appropriate fit for them. This mandate is known as: A. IEP B. EHA C. IDEA D. FERPA

EHA

As a general rule of thumb, a teacher should contact family members _________. A. Only when there is a problem or concern B. Early on in the year C. With both good and bad news D. Both B and C

Early on in the year and with both good and bad news

Which of the following statements about reflective practice is TRUE? A. Reflective practice is always an independent activity. B. Effective reflections can occur both during and after instruction. C. Teacher portfolios are not effective tools for reflection. D. Professional Development Plans do not usually include reflective practice components.

Effective reflections can occur both during and after instruction

A fifth grade teacher wants to assess her students' ability to think creatively. The most appropriate measure for this would be a(n) _____________ assessment. A. Selected response B. Essay C. Teacher conference D. Either B or C

Either essay or teacher conference

When speaking with students and families from different cultures, it is best for a teacher to demonstrate which of the following?

Empathy regarding differences in language and understanding

A fifth-grade teacher wants to encourage his students to be intrinsically motivated to write poetry. Which of the following is NOT a good way to encourage intrinsic motivation? A. Have a writing contest and give a prize to the author of the best poem. B. Students share their poems with students in a younger grade. C. Students write a poem as part of a class book of poems that is published and given out to each student's family. D. Families come to a poetry night "slam" to hear students perform their original poems.

Having a writing contest and give a prize to the author of the best poem

Diagnostic tests, achievement tests, and intelligence tests are usually cited as examples of ____________________. A. Informal assessment B. Formal Assessment C. Formative Assessment D. None of the above

Formal Assessment

Teacher conferencing, peer editing, reflective journals, and anecdotal records are all examples of _______________. A. Formative assessment B. Summative assessment C. Teachable moments D. Interventions

Formative assessment

A student who has been identified as needing enhancement due to high levels of achievement should participate in ____________. A. RTI B. GATE C. Tier 2 Intervention D. None of the above

GATE

Isabel frequently complains that she is not understanding the math material presented in class. Which of the following factors should NOT be considered a likely contributor to this lack of understanding: A. Gender B. The methods of instruction C. Isabel's SES D. A language barrier

Gender

If an administrator observes a teacher and comments that the teacher needs to incorporate more non-verbal communication, then the teacher should increase her use of _______________. A. Gestures B. Facial expressions C. Inflection D. Both A and B

Gestures and facial expressions

Integrated Thematic Instruction (ITI) is a model that arose from a(n) __________ program. A. English Language Learner B. Remedial C. Gifted and Talented Education D. None of the above

Gifted and talented

A fourth-grade teacher is differentiating instruction for a gifted student. Which of the following will best meet the student's needs?

Giving the student a complex, open-ended question to answer

A teacher is thinking about pursuing a reading specialist credential or certificate in the near future. He should participate in ________ as a part of his current professional development plan. A. Study groups B. Independent research C. Graduate courses D. None of the above

Graduate courses

To determine whether a particular intervention is helping a student, Judy, develop her reading fluency, a teacher administers reading probes that measure words read per minute. Which of the following best describes how the teacher should record and maintain the data collected during the intervention so as to make appropriate educational decisions for Judy?

Graphing at least three to five data points to examine for evidence of Judy's progress

If a teacher felt like there were two friends in his/her class who could use some additional support with conflict resolution, s/he should ask for assistance from a ______________. A. Parent B. Principal C. Guidance Counselor D. Para-Educator

Guidance Counselor

A viable research question for a second-grade action research project would be A. Do children like to read about people from their own culture? B. How does the implementation of Reader's Theater influence reading fluency with students who have learning disabilities? C. How long until I can retire? D. Does round-robin reading improve students' reading development?

How does the implementation of Reader's Theater influence reading fluency with students who have learning disabilities?

During a whole-group discussion on the westward expansion of the United States of America, a fifth-grade teacher incorporates questioning strategies into the lesson. Which of the following questions will most likely require students to use higher-order thinking skills?

How would the experiences of the settlers on the Oregon Trail be different today?

Which acronym represents an international associations that fosters the professional development of elementary language arts and reading teachers? A. RAI B. ACEI C. SPA D. IRA

IRA

The purpose of a scaled score is to __________. A. Improve comparability B. Calculate the dispersion of a data set C. Maintain stability of measurement over time D. Yield a single overall score for the test as a whole

Improve comparability

Which of the following statements about communication and eye contact is correct? A. In some cultures, direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect or is given only to close friends and family. B. If a person looks down a lot when you are talking with her, it means she is shy, upset, or trying to hide something. C. When someone's eyes are looking far away, probably the person is in deep thought. D. A person who looks to the side may be nervous, distracted, or lying.

In some cultures, direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect or is given only to close friends and family

A(n) ___________ is NOT an important component of effective collaboration: A. Needs assessment B. Incident analysis C. Study Group D. Clearly defined purpose

Incident analysis

A teacher plans to organize students into groups for the purpose of practicing and mastering concepts that were previously taught in class. Which of the following is most important for the teacher to consider in determining group membership?

Individual student needs

The generation of a hypothesis using the scientific method engages students in ________________. A. Deductive reasoning B. Inductive reasoning C. Recall D. Lower cognitive skills

Inductive reasoning

Which of the following statements about materials that support student learning is NOT true? A. Information technology has replaced print collections in libraries. B. Guest Speakers are a useful resource to support student learning. C. Models and artifacts are examples of tactile resources. D. Library collections include books, magazines, and DVD's.

Information technology has replaced print collections in libraries.

Educators are trained professionals who are qualified to select appropriate materials and resources from a variety of sources that meet their teaching goals and the needs and interests of their students. The statement shown is most closely associated with which of the following?

Intellectual freedom

Students in a second-grade class are practicing how to solve word problems involving the addition of single-digit whole numbers. Which of the following word problems is most appropriate for the teacher to use for the activity?

Jake has 5 marbles, and his sister gives him 3 more. How many marbles does he have altogether?

A sixth-grade teacher begins a literary unit with a roundtable discussion focusing on students' personal life experiences and their aspirations for the future. Which of the following reasons best explains the teacher's rationale for choosing this activity?

Learning about students' diverse backgrounds to understand their unique cultural filters

Standards allow for _______________. A. Learning opportunities to be specifically targeted to what a student should know and be able to do B. Teachers to diagnose learning disabilities C. Alignment of activities, materials, instructional processes, and assessments D. Both A and C

Learning opportunities to be specifically targeted to what a student should know and be able to do and alignment of activities, materials, instructional processes, and assessments

A former kindergarten teacher recently transitioned to teaching fourth grade. She is having difficulty finding an appropriately leveled read aloud for her new students. She should ask the ________ for help. A. Speech and Language Therapist B. Library/Media Specialist C. Occupational Therapist D. Instructional Aide

Library/Media Specialist

Macy is allowed certain accommodations in testing situations based on her individualized education plan. Which of the following is NOT an allowable accommodation for a student with a learning disability, such as Macy? A. Macy may be tested in a private room or alternative test site. B. Macy may be allowed to have a scribe record the answers she states orally. C. Macy may be allowed more time to finish the test. D. Macy may be excluded from taking the test altogether.

Macy may be excluded from taking the test altogether

A classroom teacher wants to implement a student's behavior plan with authenticity and validity. Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for the teacher to use to seek support before implementing the behavior plan?

Meeting with the behavior specialist and special education teacher to brainstorm strategies for managing the plan

The best resource available to a teacher who is needing some immediate support around classroom management would be a(n)_____________. A. Mentor B. Internship C. Independent Research Opportunity D. Study Group

Mentor

In looking at the results of the end-of-year math assessment, a teacher noted that one of her students scored significantly lower than any other. S/he should use the ________ to determine this test's midpoint. A. Mean B. Range C. Mode and/or median D. Standard deviation

Mode and/or median

A fifth-grade teacher wants to help students learn to manage their time more effectively when working on assignments. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial activity to meet the teacher's goal?

Modeling for students how to organize a basic task by listing all the steps and determining the time needed to complete it

Experiential Instruction is characterized by ______________. A. Teacher direction B. Open-endedness C. Learning by doing D. Both B and C

Open-endedness and learning by doing

Who are the "stakeholders" in a school? A. Parents B. Teachers C. Students D. All of the above

Parents, teachers, and students

Contacting a local senior-housing facility to set up a regularly scheduled time for your second grade students to read stories to the residents is primarily a way to ____________. A. Partner with the greater community B. Work with families C. Advocate and shape the teaching profession D. Support professional development

Partner with the greater community

Which of the following statements about Self-Regulation is NOT true? A. Self-regulation is the ability to control one's own emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. B. Performance goals are the most effective type of goals in promoting self-regulation. C. Time Management, organization of work space, and progress monitoring are important considerations in promoting self-regulation. D. Using a variety of groupings for instruction can help scaffold self-regulation expectations.

Performance goals are the most effective type of goals in promoting self-regulation.

Benson is a third-grade student who receives special education services. He is regularly disruptive in class. His general education teacher has implemented motivational strategies to address Benson's behavior, yet he has not shown improvement. Which of the following is the teacher's most appropriate next step?

Presenting information about Benson's behavior to the IEP team

Current research supports teachers in _________________. A. Prioritizing how instructional time is used B. Judging instructional effectiveness of methods and programs C. Effectively using a variety of student grouping techniques D. All of the above

Prioritizing how instructional time is used, judging instructional effectiveness of methods and programs, and effectively using a variety of student grouping techniques

________ is a fundamental cognitive process that integrates many other cognitive processes (e.g.'s abstraction, synthesizing, and inferencing) and results in a path leading to the achievement of a designated goal or solution. A. Deductive reasoning B. Recall C. Memory D. Problem solving

Problem solving

Which of the following is most effective for developing students' self-motivation?

Providing frequent positive feedback

Which of the following provisions or modifications is mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Providing ramps for a student who uses a wheelchair to enter and exit a public building

A fifth-grade teacher reviewed the results of an end-of-unit math test. About three-fourths of the class demonstrated content proficiency or a high level of content mastery, and a quarter of the class did not achieve basic proficiency. Which of the following instructional decisions is most appropriate in the situation?

Providing reteaching and retesting for students who did not do well, while assigning pre-work activities in a math learning station to the remaining students

Which of the following teacher actions will most effectively support reading motivation in the classroom?

Providing students with books that are relevant to their everyday experiences

A fourth-grade teacher observes that several students are upset about their mathematics grades. The students are receiving low grades on daily assignments and weekly quizzes, and some are beginning to show signs of low self-efficacy. Which of the following teacher actions will most help the students regain their self-efficacy?

Providing students with descriptive and specific feedback that aligns with their strengths

A fifth-grade teacher wants to increase student participation in classroom discussions. The teacher can best achieve this goal by using which of the following approaches?

Providing sufficient wait time after asking a question so that all students have an opportunity to develop an answer

The benefits of interdisciplinary instruction include student learning gains in ____________. A. Recognizing bias B. Thinking critically C. Tolerating competition D. Both A and B

Recognizing bias and thinking critically

A fifth grader comes to school with a bruise on her face. When the teacher asks her what happened, the student appears nervous and struggles to stick to a consistent and logical account of what caused the injury. The teacher calls home and a parent offers a logical, but different, explanation for the bruise. The teacher feels uncomfortable about what might have happened and suspects physical abuse. The teacher should _____________. A. Share the information with the principal and let them decide if a report should be filed B. Give the parent the benefit of the doubt and keep a close eye on the student in the future C. Report the incident to Child Protective Services or a Local Enforcement Agency D. Ask a colleague for advice

Report the incident to Child Protective Services or a Local Enforcement Agency

Which of the following is the most appropriate action a teacher should take if abuse or neglect of a student in the class is suspected?

Reporting suspicions to the appropriate child welfare agency

"Historical", "Causal", and "Ethnographic" are all types of ____________. A. Variables B. Research C. Measurements of variation D. Databases

Research

Several students in Ms.Miss White's kindergarten class avoid attempting tasks that seem difficult to them. She knows the tasks are within their zone of proximal development, but she observes that they give up easily. Ms.Miss White helps them identify and replace the physical reactions of anxiety with slow breathing. She also asks them to recognize and replace thoughts of "I can't do this" to thoughts of "This is hard, but I can do it if I keep working at it." Ms.Miss White is primarily helping students develop which of the following?

Self-regulation

Deciding when to teach story elements is primarily an example of considering _____________. A. Scope B. Standard alignment C. Sequence D. A learning objective

Sequence

Which of the following best defines a teacher who is an educational leader and advocate for a school's success?

Serving on committees and representing the school in the community

While collaborating with colleagues on the development of a thematic unit to be used next year with their third graders, Candice was unexpectedly invited to speak at a state conference about a new method she is using with her students. She is honored that the state group recognizes her efforts, though she doesn't feel she has time to do both. What would be the best way to handle this situation? A. Since the unit isn't going to be used until next year, she should explain to her colleagues that an unexpected honor has come up. She should then ask if their collaboration can be put on hold until the presentation is done. B. Candice should not shirk her commitment to work on the collaborative theme. She should say no to the state conference invitation. C. Candice should continue to do both projects without telling her colleagues about the state conference. She may have to miss a few meetings, and they will have to understand. D. Candice should tell her colleagues they'll have to finish the theme without her because she wants to do the presentation instead.

Since the unit isn't going to be used until next year, she should explain to her colleagues that an unexpected honor has come up. She should then ask if their collaboration can be put on hold until the presentation is done

Jason has been identified as a gifted learner. He finishes his math assignments and tasks much more quickly than the rest of the class. Having Jason helping his peers in class upon completion of his own work is something the teacher should allow ____________. A. Almost always B. Frequently C. Sometimes D. Never

Sometimes

Achievement tests are ______________. A. Used to measure potential B. Diagnostic C. Used to measure the ability to think and problem solve D. Summative

Summative

The use of a multiple choice test at the end of a unit to determine individual students' mastery of specific learning objectives is an example of ____________. A. Informal assessment B. Diagnostic assessment C. Summative assessment D. Formative assessment

Summative assessment

The most significant difference between Bruner's Modes of Representation and Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Stages is ______. A. The ages associated with each mode/stage B. That Bruner believes generic coding systems allow individuals to predict and invent C. That Piaget suggests we learn through assimilation and accommodation D. That Bruner believes an individual is capable of learning any concept at any age as long as it is presented and organized appropriately

That Bruner believes an individual is capable of learning any concept at any age as long as it is presented and organized appropriately

How has natural selection affected our development? A. The characteristic behavior that occur during different developmental periods have developed through the process of natural selection. B. There has been a natural selection for the genes related to developmental abnormalities. C. The development of males is thought to be related to natural selection, but the development of females has not been affected by this process. D. The process of natural selection occurs from one generation to the next when someone inherits a developmental abnormality.

The characteristic behavior that occur during different developmental periods have developed through the process of natural selection.

A fifth-grade teacher wrote the following learning objective on the board before beginning a lesson that the principal was observing. Students will be able to appreciate the need for community members to take a more active role in environmental issues affecting them. The principal requested that the teacher rewrite the objective. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the principal's request?

The objective needs to include observable and measurable verbs in its statement.

Which of the following statements about classroom design reflects best teaching practices? A. The classroom design should reflect the teacher's pedagogical goals and students' needs. B. The seating arrangement of the classroom should be changed so students do not gain a sense of predictability and security among their peers. C. Students' desks should be arranged far enough away from each other so students are not tempted to talk with each other. D. Students' desks should be arranged in a boy-girl-boy-girl pattern to discourage differences between sexes.

The classroom design should reflect the teacher's pedagogical goals and students' needs.

When selecting a theme a teacher should always consider _____________. A. The scope or breadth of the topic B. How it applies to the "real world" C. How it connects to student interests D. All of the above

The scope or breadth of the topic, how it applies to the "real world," and how it connects to student interests

Which of the following is the best example of a learning objective statement? A. I am going to show the students how to multiply two digit numbers using a variety of strategies. B. The student will demonstrate the ability to use a variety of multiplication strategies by solving problems using arrays, repeated addition, and pictures. C. The student understands the concept of multiplication. D. The student knows the process of multiplying numbers.

The student will demonstrate the ability to use a variety of multiplication strategies by solving problems using arrays, repeated addition, and pictures.

The following strategies are examples of how to incorporate guided practice into a lesson: A. Think aloud B. Jig-saw activity C. Interviewing a partner D. All of the above

Think aloud, jig-saw activity, and interviewing a partner

Alec is always needing reminders to stay on task during math. Despite his lack of attention and engagement, most of his work gets completed with accuracy. His teacher should first pursue the possibility of: A. An achievement gap B. A learning disability C. Underachievement D. None of the above

Underachievement

Which of the following activities would NOT be an appropriate and/or worthwhile use of the internet in the classroom? A. Allowing students to research a topic of choice B. Using it for free time when work is done C. Showing a video-clip related to your current content/theme D. Playing a song related to your current content/theme

Using it for free time when work is done

A sixth-grade social studies teacher is planning a unit on ancient Egypt and wants to include a field trip to a local museum that has an exhibit about the Pyramids of Giza. However, the school does not have funding available for the field trip. Which of the following strategies best meets the teacher's original goal?

Using the Internet to take students on a virtual tour of the pyramids

The use of heterogeneous groups in order to increase learning in the classroom is best supported by _____________. A. Piaget's Developmental Theory B. Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development C. Bruner's Modes of Representation D. Bloom's Taxonomy

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development

A teacher frequently conducts Socratic seminars in an English language arts class. Students read and annotate assigned texts to bring to the seminar along with any questions that emerge while reading. Which of the following sets of expectations best guarantees a collaborative environment during a Socratic seminar?

Waiting to talk until others are finished, speaking to others respectfully, and acknowledging other viewpoints

Blended literacy instruction is best described as A. a combination of the emergent literacy and scientifically based reading research approaches to early literacy instruction. B. a combination of social constructivist and traditional approaches to instruction. C. the approach to literacy instruction that advocates for the integration of technology. D. the approach to literacy instruction that integrates media forms of literacy.

a combination of the emergent literacy and scientifically based reading research approaches to early literacy instruction

Educators know that students' learning benefits from a positive parent-teacher relationship. What type of relationship is least productive? A. a confrontational relationship B. a respectful relationship C. a problem-solving relationship D. a trusting relationship

a confrontational relationship

Cindy learns best when she works with her peers. Discussing her ideas and others' perspectives on issues broadens her understanding in meaningful ways. Cindy is what kind of learner? A. a competitive learner B. a cooperative learner C. an avoidant learner D. an independent learner

a cooperative learner

An example of a primary source is A. a letter written by Eleanor Roosevelt in which she resigns from the Daughters of the American Revolution. B. a report written by a fifth-grade student about the Daughters of the Revolution. C. the annual reenactment of Washington's crossing of the Delaware River. D. "Washington Crossing the Delaware," a sonnet by David Shulman written in 1936.

a letter written by Eleanor Roosevelt in which she resigns from the Daughters of the American Revolution

A teacher who offers a colleague counsel, provides information, serves as a role model, and acts as an advisor is known as A. a mentor. B. an intern. C. an independent researcher. D. a critical friend.

a mentor

As a teacher, learning about _____ can really help you expand your horizons professionally. A. a new educational method B. all of the answers are correct C. a new set of textbooks D. a new piece of equipment

a new educational method

Standardized tests typically convert a student's raw score on the test to a common scale so test scores can be compared over time. What do educators call this type of score? A. a standard deviation B. a stanine score C. a percentile D. a scaled score

a scaled score

Which of the following strategies best increases student motivation in the classroom environment? A. Assigning high-performing students to tutor peers as part of expected conduct B. Placing students in groups of three or more to complete graded assignments C. Asking student to generate a list of goals that they plan to accomplish in their lifetimes D. Allowing students to collaborate with the teacher to design learning opportunities

allowing students to collaborate with the teacher to design learning opportunities

Under the provisions of the IDEA, which of the following strategies is an example of a modification a teacher can most appropriately make in a classroom to meet the needs of a student with a LD? A. Adapting content areas by simplifying vocabulary and content load B. Reducing the distractions within the physical environment C. Using manipulatives and hands-on activities to explain a concept D. Extending or adjusting the time allotted to complete an assessment

adapting content areas by simplifying vocabulary and content load

An English-language learner joins a science class. Which of the following changes in the teacher's practice will best meet the needs of the new student? A. Adding visuals to classroom instruction B. Speaking slowly using basic vocabulary C. Setting time aside to teach the student one-on-one D. Wring lessons with lower academic expectations

adding visuals to classroom instruction

Which of the following is NOT one of the premises of Thorndike's theory of learning? A. Learning is incremental. B. If a situation is followed by a good effect, it will be strengthened. C. Reward is a stronger motivator than punishment. D. All of the above.

all of the above

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, students with strong kinesthetic intelligence Incorrect A. are adept at reasoning. B. have sensitivity to pitch, rhythm, and melody. C. are athletically gifted. D. understand relationships and people.

are athletically gifted

During a presidential election year, students in Mr. Marshall's class participate in creating a mock election for their school community. What is this known as? A. learning outcomes B. differentiated instruction C. authentic activities D. authentic outcomes

authentic activities

A student comes across a new vocabulary word: combustible. Although she has never read the word before, she applies the phonics rule she knows and has used to decode other new words successfully. She uses what she knows about context clues to determine that it probably has something to do with exploding. How did the student construct an accurate understanding of the new word? A. by applying the knowledge of words and context clues she already had B. by making a random guess C. by consulting a reference, resource, or knowledgeable other D. actually, the student did not construct an accurate understanding of the new word, she is totally wrong

by applying the knowledge of words and context clues she already had

Multiple examples of students' performance in the basic skills of reading, spelling, writing, and math are collected as "probes." Student performances are measured by some type of frequency count, such as the number of words read accurately. Results are used for the purposes of screening, instructional planning, program placement, and monitoring student progress. This type of assessment is referred to as A. curriculum-based measurement B. portfolio assessment C. a rating scale D. probational assessment

curriculum-based measurement

Regular classroom teachers are responsible for knowing how to work effectively with children with special needs. Typically, it is the classroom teacher's responsibility to A. write the child's IEP and present it to the child's committee B. determine which teaching strategies will help these children succeed c. find the one solution to meeting the needs of children with special needs D. group children with special needs together during small-group work

determine which teaching strategies will help these children succeed

Ms. Gardenia has observed that when her students are listening to peers' presentations, some do not listen respectfully. They fidget while waiting for their turn to talk and don't listen to others. How might Ms. Gardenia best teach her students to listen respectfully to their peers and others? A. Provide negative reinforcement to those not listening respectfully. B. Provide positive reinforcement for those listening respectfully. C. Direct instruction on listening respectfully followed by practice using a self-assessment checklist. D. Videotape them when they are listening and critique inappropriate behavior in a playback of the video.

direct instruction on listening respectfully followed by practice using a self-assessment checklist

Involving her science students in the class discussion, Ms. Rust asked carious questions and allowed her learners to contribute their thoughts about global warming and the environment. What type of questioning technique was she utilizing with her class? A. reflective B. synthesized C. divergent D. evaluative

divergent

This type of government has the least involvement in public education A. federal B. school C. state D. local

federal

Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced tests are both examples of A. formal assessments. B. informal assessments. C. play-based assessments. D. observational assessments.

formal assessments

During a science lesson, a teacher reads aloud "The Very Hungry Caterpillar" by Eric Carle and asks the students to predict what will happen while the caterpillar is in the chrysalis. To best encourage a high level of student participation and collaboration in the activity, which of the following strategies is best for the teacher to use? A. Having students complete a think-pair-share activity B. Asking students to write a prediction in their journals C. Involving students in a whole-group discussion D. Allowing students to read a relevant chapter from a textbook

having students complete a think-pair-share activity

To help students develop self-motivation, a teacher should do all the following EXCEPT A. hold all grades and feedback until report cards come out so students work for the intrinsic value rather than the external grades. B. assign tasks students view as valuable. C. include students in instructional decisions. D. provide frequent, positive feedback.

hold all grades and feedback until report cards come out so students work for the intrinsic value rather than the external grades

Which of the following best describes the type of scoring that applies many criteria at the same time to evaluate the end-of-course project and results in a single grade? A. Task-specific scoring B. Analytic scoring C. Developmental scoring D. Holistic scoring

holistic scoring

Which of the following insights is best gained from administering a norm-referenced achievement test? A. A student's knowledge base about an upcoming unit before instruction B. An individual's propensity to succeed in any given activity based on innate characteristics C. Information on an individual's level of master based on a specific set of learning standards D. How a student's test performance compares with that of a same of similar students who have taken the same test

how a student's test performance compares with that of a sample of similar students who have taken the same test

Kelly is an elementary student who is beginning to gain an understanding of cause and effect. She is eager to learn and is forming moral values. In school, she likes being recognized by teachers, her family, and her peers when she accomplishes hard tasks. Which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is Kelly in, most likely? A. basic trust v. mistrust B. industry v. inferiority C. autonomy v. shame and doubt D. initiative v. guilt

industry v. inferiority

Which of the following statements is most accurate about informal assessments? A. Informal assessments are used less frequently than formal assessments because time and cost constraints B. Informal assessments provide data that are used for making placement decisions and to document student learning overtime C. Informal assessments help teachers understand students' growth and refine instruc to meet students' needs D. Informal assessments are primarily used for comparing students' performance with that of other students at a similar level

informal assessments help teachers to understand students' growth and refine instruction to meet students' needs

A class is broken into homogeneous reading groups. Each group has a leveled historical fiction novel to read and discuss. Before the groups meet, the teacher delivers a mini-lesson that models how to ask higher-level questions to spark deep discussion. Which of the following instructional strategies is primarily being used during the reading group meetings? A. Interactive instruction B. Independent study C. Direct instruction D. Experiential learning

interactive instruction

Which of the following is the best example of an approach to activating a student's prior knowledge about the sea? A. setting up a learning center with all kinds of shells from your trip to the sea last summer B. interactively reading and discussing a book about the seashore with the child C. assigning the child to read a book of his or her choice about the seashore D. singing "Down by the Sea" with the child

interactively reading and discussing a book about the seashore with the child

How does measurement theory relate to K-6 instruction and assessment? A. It relates only to instruction and assessment for grades 7-12. B. It encourages educators to analyze the meaning of test scores and what tests are really assessing. C. It assumes all tests are invalid, so students should be assessed in alternative ways. D. It assumes all tests are valid, so it doesn't matter which ones teachers choose to use.

it encourages educators to analyze the meaning of test scores and what tests are really assessing

To best plan for the individual needs of students with disabilities, it is ideal for a general education teacher to collaborate with a special education teacher on curriculum

modification

When considering the educational implications for a student with an ID, the teacher should primarily focus on A. modifying the general curriculum and implementing direct teaching skills B. collecting data to measure ongoing academic progress in an adapted curriculum C. assuring full access to all school-sponsored activities D. teaching social skills and developing a behavioral intervention plan

modifying the general curriculum and implementing direct teaching strategies

When considering the educational implications for a student with an intellectual disability, the teacher should primarily focus on

modifying the general curriculum and implementing direct teaching strategies

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, some students learn best through listening. Which of the following communication techniques would most highlight auditory learning? A. maps and pictures B. performances C. music and mnemonics D. reading and writing

music and mnemonics

Which of the following best describes the rights of parents as covered under FERPA? A. Parents must be included in the development of an IEP for their child B. Parents must be involved in the decision-making process regarding their child's academic placement C. Parents can request that a school correct their child's records if they believe that the records are inaccurate or misleading D. Parents can inspect and revise any instructional material used as part of their child's educational curriculum

parents can request that a school correct their child's records if they believe that the records are inaccurate or misleading

Which of the following types of scores ranges from 1 to 99 and compares a student's performance with that of other students at the same grade or age level? A. Standard B. Raw C. Stanine D. Percentile

percentile

At the beginning of the school year, norm-referenced assessment results for the previous school year are automatically mailed to parents. During the first week of school, a fifth-grade teacher receives a phone call from a parent who wants to know what a percentile score of 45 in mathematics means. To best answer the parent's question, the teacher should explain that the student

performed the same or better than 45 percent of students in the same grade

Which of the following teacher actions is most effective for creating a positive learning environment in a classroom? A. Planning instructional activities that are relevant to students B. Engaging students by using project-based, hands-on activities C. Creating and implementing standards for student behavior D. Using a token system to reward student achievement

planning instructional activities that are relevant to students

Of the following, the best example of formative assessment would be A. a final examination given to determine a student's final grade on a unit of study. B. pre-testing students to determine what they know about a topic before they begin a unit on it. C. a student self-assesses what he or she has learned after a field trip. D. an assessment is given to determine whether or not an instructional module teachers what it is supposed to teach.

pre-testing students to determine what they know about a topic before they begin a unit on it

To improve students' listening skills during a read-aloud, Mr. Whitcomb should teach the prelistening strategy of A. predicting what the book will be about and what vocabulary might be in the book. B. identifying the main idea. C. taking notes. D. listening for a particular detail.

predicting what the book will be about and what vocabulary might be in the book

To be highly effective, peer observations should consist of A. preobservational preparation, observation, and post observation feedback. B. an observation instrument C. a lesson plan and observation notes D. a written reflective response from both the observer and the observed about how the lesson went

preobservational preparation, observation, and post observation feedback

It is essential for a teacher to understand the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because it

prescribes the procedures a school must follow to dismiss a teacher

A fourth-grade teacher is about to start a reading lesson, but the classroom is noisy with talkative students. Which of the following is the most effective nonverbal communication strategy that the teacher can use to capture students' attention in order to begin the lesson? A. Frowning at the students who are doing the most talking B. Standing at the front of the room with arms crossed C. Sitting down at the desk until the students stop talking D. Standing still at the front of the room while staring at the clock

standing still at the front of the room while staring at the clock

A student would most likely feel a teacher is invading his personal space if she A. hands him a pencil B. stands too close to him when she is speaking to him C. tilts her head when speaking to him D. maintains direct eye contact when speaking with him

stands too close to him when she is speaking to him

Which of the following can be used to convert any test result to a single-digit score? A. Stanine score B. Age-equivalent score C. Percentile rank D. Grade-equivalent score

stanine score

A primary benefit of using rubrics to grade students' work is that rubrics

state explicitly what is expected of students

Tests, formal written papers, and projects with specific guidelines are all considered examples of which type of assessment? A. project-based B. formative C. summative D. practical

summative

If an educator followed John Dewey's philosophy of education, he or she would most likely A. take the class on a field trip to a "living museum" to experience how people lived in the colonial period. B. have the class research and write reports about geographic climates throughout the United States. C. learn mathematics by teaching each other. D. set up cross-grade level tutoring and mentoring programs within the school.

takes the class on a field trip to a "living museum" to experience how people lived in the colonial period

Which of the following statements about using technology in the classroom is accurate? A. When schools use Internet filtering systems, teachers do not have to worry about students' unsafe or inappropriate use of computers. B. Most teachers feel well-prepared to use technology effectively in their classrooms. C. Only high-achieving students benefit from the use of technology in the classroom. D. The poor use of technology in a classroom can distract students from reaching instructional objectives.

the poor use of technology in a classroom can distract students from reaching instructional objectives

Before beginning a research project with her sixth-grade language arts class, Ms. Tenache wants to ensure that the school has enough resources on topic choices so all of the students will be able to gather information in a timely manner. Also, she must be sure there are resources to meet the reading and comprehension needs of all of her diverse students. Which member of the school's support staff would be the best person to talk with about these needs? A. the guidance counselor B. the school's library media specialist C. the para educator who works with her class D. the teacher of the gifted and talented students

the school's library media specialist

The best example of scope and sequence in a K-6 program would be A. teaching students to add and subtract because as adults they will need to be able to balance their checkbooks. B. using the Think-Pair-Share strategy C. the social studies curriculum starting with a focus on the self and expanding outward into community, town, city, state, national, and international affairs over time.

the social studies curriculum starting with a focus on the self and expanding outward into community, town, city, state, national, and international affairs over time

Educators advocate for their profession by becoming involved in the legislative process. Educators may write letters or visit their representatives. The best time to advocate in the legislative process is A. when a bill is introduced B. when a bill is sent to full committee C. when the bill is voted on by the House and Senate D. throughout the process, right up to the time when the president signs or vetoes the bill

throughout the process, right up to the time when the president signs or vetoes the bill

Ms. Lassonde asks her students, "What do you know about your genealogy?" Most likely, what is her purpose for asking this question? A. to determine students' prior knowledge about a new topic B. to develop critical and creative thinking skills C. to guide their thinking D. to review previous lessons

to determine students' prior knowledge about a new topic

All of the following are good reasons why a teacher should solicit students' participation in a classroom discussion EXCEPT A. so students feel their questions and comments are valued. B. to prove to the students that their ideas are not accepted by the majority of their peers. C. to encourage the free exchange of ideas with one's peers. D. to build students' confidence in expressing themselves in public.

to prove to the students that their ideas are not accepted by the majority of their peers

Which of the following is NOT an acceptable reason to question a student? A. to actively involve him in the lesson B. to evaluate his preparation C. to put him on the spot in front of his peers D. to nurture insights

to put him on the spot in front of his peers

Which of the following best represents uses of graphic organizers? A. prewriting tools used to organize students' thoughts before writing. B. tools used by a student during reading to outline the key points in a passage. C. tools used by students to review materials already discussed D. tools used at all stages of learning.

tools used at all stages of learning

Standardized test data may be used effectively to design individualized intervention. However, prior to making any intervention decisions, the teacher should not only examine the percentile ranks and raw scores but also the A. rank order. B. content area targets. C. average. D. total number of items in a particular subtest.

total number of items in a particular subtest