PM

Which risk identification tool involves deriving a consensus among a panel of experts by using anonymous input regarding future events? A. Risk breakdown structure B. Brainstorming C. Interviewing D. Delphi technique

D. Delphi technique

Which of the following terms describes a framework of the phases involved in developing information systems? A. Systems development life cycle B. Rapid application development C. Predictive life cycle D. Extreme programming

A. Systems development life cycle

______ is a quantitative risk analysis tool that uses a model of a system to analyze its expected behavior or performance. A. Simulation B. Sensitivity analysis C. Monte Carlo analysis D. EMV

A. Simulation

Your project team has decided not to use an upcoming release of software because it might cause your schedule to slip. Which negative risk response strategy are you using? A. avoidance B. acceptance C. transference D. Mitigation

A. avoidance

Your project involves using a new release of a common software application, but if that release is not available, your team has __________ plans to use the current release. A. contingency B. fallback C. reserve D. mitigation

A. contingency

A(n) _________ report describes where a project stands at a specific point in time. A. status B. performance C. version D. earned value

A. status

A ________ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result. A. goal B. process C. plan D. project

B. process

Several application development projects done for the same functional group might best be managed as part of a _____. A. portfolio B. program C. investment D. collaborative

B. program

A risk ________ is a document that contains results of various risk management processes, and is often displayed in a table or spreadsheet format. A. Management plan B. register C. breakdown structure D. probability/impact matrix

B. register

A person who is risk-_____________ receives greater satisfaction when more payoff is at stake and is willing to pay a penalty to take risks.. A. averse B. seeking C. neutral D. aware

B. seeking

According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people who desire harmonious relations with other people and need to feel accepted have a high ________ need. A. social B. achievement C. affiliation D. extrinsic

C. affiliation

The nature of IT projects is different from the nature of projects in many other industries because they are very _________. A. expensive B. technical C. diverse D. challenging

C. diverse

A new government law requires an organization to report data in a new way. Which of the following categories would include a new information system project to provide this data? A. Problem B. Opportunity C. Directive D. Regulation

C. Directive

What tool can you use to determine whether a process is in control or out of control? A. A cause-and-effect diagram B. A control chart C. A run chart D. A control panel diagram

B. A control chart

Which of the following is not an output of project cost management process called estimating costs, according to the PMBOK Guide - Sixth Edition? A. Cost estimates B. A cost baseline C. Basis of estimates D. Project documents updates

B. A cost baseline

What do many experts agree is the greatest threat to the success of any project? A. Lack of proper funding B. A failure to communicate C. Poor listening skills D. Inadequate staffing

B. A failure to communicate

Which of the following outputs is often completed before initiating a project? A. Stakeholder register B. Business case C. Project Charter D. Kick-off meeting

B. Business case

What is the largest spending category for global outsourcing of IT services? A. Communications services B. Devices C. Enterprise software D. Data center systems

B. Devices

Which of the following is not part of the three-sphere model for systems management? A. Business B. Information C. Technology D. Organization

B. Information

Suppose there is a 30 percent chance that you will lose $ 10,000 and a 70 percent chance that you will earn $ 100,000 on a particular project. What is the project's estimated monetary value? A. -$30,000 B. $70,000 C. $67,000 D. -$67,000

C. $67,000

Assume that you have a project with major categories called planning, analysis, design, and testing. What level of the WBS would these items fall under? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

C. 2

If estimates for total discounted benefits for a project are $120,000 and total discounted costs are $100,000, what is the estimated return on investment (ROI)? A. $20,000 B. $120,000 C. 20 percent D. 120 percent

C. 20 percent

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities. A. 6 B. 9 C. 3.4 D. 1

C. 3.4

What type of diagram shows planned and actual project schedule information? A. A Network diagram B. A Gantt chart C. A tracking Gantt chart D. A milestone chart

C. A tracking Gantt chart

Your organization hired a specialist in a certain field to provide training for a short period of time. Which reason for outsourcing would this example fall under? A. Reducing costs B. Allowing the client organization to focus on its core business C. Accessing skills and technologies D. Providing flexibility

C. Accessing skills and technologies

In face-to-face interactions, how is most information conveyed? A. By the tone of voice B. By the words spoken C. By the body language D. By the location

C. By the body language

__________ is a network diagramming technique used to predict total project duration. A. PERT B. A Gantt chart C. Critical path method D. Crashing

C. Critical path method

Which risk management process involves prioritizing risks based on their probability and impact of occurence? A. Planning risk management B. Identifying risks C. Performing qualitative risk analysis D. Performing quantitative risk analysis

C. Performing qualitative risk analysis

_________ generates ideas for quality improvements by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products within or outside the performing organization. A. Quality audits B. Design of experiments C. Six Sigma D. Benchmarking

D. Benchmarking

If you add three more people to a project team of five, how many more communication channels will you add? A. 2 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18

D. 18

By 2027, employers will need over _______ million individuals working in project management-oriented roles. A. 27 B. 47 C. 67 D. 87

D. 87 Million

__________ is an uncertainty that can have a negative or positive effect on meeting project objectives. A. Risk Utility B. Risk tolerance C. Risk management D. Risk

D. Risk

__________ are indicators or symptoms of actual risk events, such as a cost overrun on early activities being a symptom of poor cost estimates. A. Probablilities B. Impacts C. Watch list items D. Triggers

D. Triggers

Which of the four frames of organizations addresses how meetings are run, employee dress codes, and expected work hours? a. structural b. human resources c. political d. symbolic

d. symbolic

Which of the following is not a typical reason that project objectives and taking corrective actions. A. The project has unclear up-front requirements. B. The project team is inexperienced and dispersed C. Large risks are involved. D. The completion date is fairly rigid.

A. The project has unclear up-front requirements.

What is the main goal of project cost management? A. To complete a project for as little cost as possible B. To complete a project within an approved budget C To provide truthful and accurate cost information on projects D. To ensure that an organization's money is used wisely

B. To complete a project within an approved budget

What technique can you use to resolve resource conflicts by delaying tasks? A. Resource loading B. Resource leveling C. Critical path analysis D. Overallocation

B. Resource leveling

Which of the following is not a best practice for new product development projects? A. Aligning projects and resources with business strategy B. Selecting projects that will take less then two years to provide payback C. Focusing on customer needs in identifying projects D. Assigning project managers to lead projects

B. Selecting projects that will take less then two years to provide payback

What constitutes requirements for agile projects? A. The Scrum B. The backlog C. The sprints D. The requirements list

B. The backlog

Scope ______ is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. A. acceptance B. Validation C. completion D. close-out

B. Validation

A _______ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope. A. scope statement B. WBS C. WBS dictionary D. work package

B. WBS

A _____________ report is a reflective statement that documents important information learned from working on a project. A. kanban B. lessons-learned c. project archive D. progress

B. lessons-learned

___________ is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data. A. Reserve analysis B. Life cycle costing C. Project cost budgeting D. Earned value management

D. Earned value management

If a company loses $5 for every $100 in revenue for a certain product, what is the profit margin for that product? A. -5% B. 5% C. -$5 D. $5

A. -5%

______ ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete. A. Configuration management B. Integrated change control C. Integration management D. A change control board

A. Configuration management

Which of the following processes is not part of project integration management? A. Developing the project business case B. Developing the project charter C. Developing the project management plan D. Closing the project or phase

A. Developing the project business case

Which of the following is not part of project resource management? A. Duration estimating B. Acquiring resources C. Developing the project team D. Managing the project team

A. Duration estimating

You cannot start editing a technical report until someone else completes the first draft. What type of dependency does this represent? A. Finish-to-start B. Start-to-start C. Finish-to-finish D. Start-to-finish

A. Finish-to-start

What are the five stages in Tuckman's model of team development, in chronological order? A. Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning B. Storming, forming, norming, performing, and adjourning C. Norming, forming, storming, performing, and adjourning D. Forming, storming, performing, norming, and adjourning

A. Forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning

Which tool or technique for collecting requirements is often the most expensive and time consuming? A. Interviews B. Focus groups C. Surveys D. Observation

A. Interviews

_________ causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment. A. Intrinsic motivation B. Extrinsic motivation C. Self-motivation D. Social motivation

A. Intrinsic motivation

You are preparing a cost estimate for a building based on its location, purpose, number of square feet, and other characteristics. What cost-estimating technique are you using? A. Parametric B. Analogous C. Bottom-up D. Top-down

A. Parametric

Which of the following processes involves determining the policies, procedures, and documentation that will be used for planning, executing, and controlling the project schedule? A. Planning schedule management B. Defining activities C. Estimating activity resources D. Activity sequencing

A. Planning schedule management

______________ is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements. A. Project Management B. Program Management C. Project Portfolio Management D. Requirements Management

A. Project Management

______ is the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements A. Quality B. Conformance to requirements C. Fitness for use D. Reliability

A. Quality

What is the preferred order for performing testing on IT projects? A. Unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing B. Unit testing, system testing, integration testing, user acceptance testing C. Unit testing, system testing, user acceptance testing, integration testing D. Unit testing, integration testing, user acceptance testing, system testing

A. Unit testing, integration testing, system testing, user acceptance testing

A ________ is a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, or hardware, produced or provided as part of a project. A. deliverable B. product C. work package D. tangible goal

A. deliverable

A __________ is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management. A. project charter B. contract C. business case D. project management plan

A. project charter

Project Portfolio management addresses ____________ goals of an organization, while Project Management addresses __________ goals. A. strategic, tactical B. tactical, strategic C. internal, external D. external, internal

A. strategic, tactical

Which of the following statements is false? A. An analysis project life cycle is a collection of project phases. B. A product life cycle is the same as a project life cycle. C. The waterfall approach is an example of a predictive life cycle model. D. Agile is an example of an adaptive life cycle model.

B. A product life cycle is the same as a project life cycle.

Which method for conflict management should be used when both the task and the relationship are high importance? A. Compromise B. Confrontation C. Collaboration D. Smoothing

B. Confrontation

__________ is known for his work on quality control in Japan, and he developed the 14 points for management in his text Out of the Crisis. A. Juran B. Deming C. Crosby D. Ishikawa

B. Deming

Which of the following statements is false? A. A burndown chart is a tool for schedule control B. Duration and effort are synonymous terms C. A three-point estimate includes an optimistic, a most likely, and a pessimistic estimate D. A Gantt Chart is a common tool for displaying project schedule information

B. Duration and effort are synonymous terms

Which of the following is not a guideline to help improve time spent at meetings? A. Determine if a meeting can be avoided B. Invite extra people who support your project to make the meeting run more smoothly C. Define the purpose and intended outcome of the meeting D. Build relationships

B. Invite extra people who support your project to make the meeting run more smoothly

If a project is halfway completed and its schedule performance index is 110 percent and its cost performance index is 95 percent, how is it progressing? A. It is ahead of schedule and under budget B. It is ahead of schedule and over budget C. It is behind schedule and under budget D. it is behind schedule and over budget

B. It is ahead of schedule and over budget

Which of the following is not a suggestion for performing integrated change control? A. Use good configuration management B. Minimize change C. Establish a formal change control system D. View project management as a process of constant communication and negotiation

B. Minimize change

What term describes an organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source in another country? A. Globalization B. Offshoring C. Exporting D. Global Sourcing

B. Offshoring

What is the name of one of the popular certifications provided by the Project Management Institute? A. Certified Project Manager (CPM) B. Project Management Professional (PMP) C. Project Management Expert (PME) D. Project Management Mentor (PMM)

B. Project Management Professional (PMP)

What term describes information that is sent to recipients at their request via websites, bulletin boards, e-learning, knowledge repositories like blogs, and other means? A. Push communications B. Pull communications C. Interactive Communications D. Customer Communications

B. Pull communications

_________ power is based on a person's individual charisma. A. Affiliation B. Referent C. Personality D. Legitimate

B. Referent

The seven run rule states that if seven data points in a row on a control chart are all below the mean, above the mean, or all increasing or decreasing, then the process needs to be examined for __________ problems. A. random B. nonrandom C. Six Sigma D. Quality

B. nonrandom

A work breakdown structure, project schedule, and cost estimates are outputs of the _______ process. A. Initiating B. planning C. executing D. Monitoring and controlling E. closing

B. planning

As the product manager for a software development project, you are helping to develop the project schedule. You decide that writing code for a system should not start until users sign off on the analysis work. What type of dependency is this? A. Technical B. Mandatory C. Discretionary D. External

C. Discretionary

Which of the following is not a recommendation for improving project communications? A. You cannot overcommunicate B. Project managers and their teams should take time to develop their communiction skills C. Do not use facillitators or experts outside of the project team to communicate important information. D. Use templates to help prepare project documents

C. Do not use facillitators or experts outside of the project team to communicate important information.

Which process group normally requires the most resources and time? A. Initiating B. Planning C. Executing D. Monitoring and controlling E. Closing

C. Executing

________ processes include coordinating people and other resources to carry out project plans and create the products, services, or results of the project or phase. A. Initiating B. Planning C. Executing D. Monitoring and controlling E. Closing

C. Executing

What tool and technique is used for all processes of project integration management? A. Project management software B. Templates C. Expert judgement D. All of the above

C. Expert judgement

Which of the following is not a potential advantage of using good project management? A. Shorter development times B. Higher worker morale C. Lower cost of capital D. Higher profit margins

C. Lower cost of capital

__________ reserves allow for future situations that are unpredictable. A. Contingency B. Financial C. Management D. Baseline

C. Management

Personnel in a ____ organizational structure often report to two or more bosses. A. Functional B. Project C. Matrix D. Hybrid

C. Matrix

Which of the following is not part of the triple constraint of project management? A. Meeting Scope goals B. Meeting time goals C. Meeting Communications goals D. Meeting cost goals

C. Meeting Communications goals

A _____ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. A. Program B. Process C. Project D. Portfolio

C. Project

__________ involves allocating the project cost estimate to individual material resources or work items over time. A. Reserve analysis B. Life cycle costing C. Project cost budgeting D. Earned value analysis

C. Project cost budgeting

_________ refer(s) to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. A. Deliverables B. Milestones C. Scope D. Product development

C. Scope

What is the purpose of project quality management? A. To produce the highest-quality products and services possible B. To ensure that appropriate quality standards are met C. To ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken D. All of the above

C. To ensure that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken

Project management software helps you develop a ________ which serves as a basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs. A. project plan B. schedule C. WBS D. deliverable

C. WBS

A staffing management plan often includes a resource ________ which is a column chart that shows the number of resources assigned to the project over time. A. Chart B. graph C. histogram D. timeline

C. histogram

PMI's OPM3 is an example of a ______ model or framework for helping organizations improve their processes and systems. A. benchmarking B. SIx Sigma C. maturity D. quality

C. maturity

Which of the following items is not normally included in a project charter? A. The name of the project manager B. Budget information C. Stakeholder signatures D. A Gantt Chart

D. A Gantt Chart

What symbol on a Gantt chart represents a slipped milestone? A. A black arrow B. A white arrow C. A black diamond D. A white diamond

D. A white diamond

Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where all of the following characteristics are important except . A. Member Identity B. Group Emphasis C. Risk Tolerance D. Control

D. Control

____ is a method of scheduling that considers limited resources when creating a project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date. A. Parkinson's Law B. Scrum C. Critical path analysis D. Critical chain scheduling

D. Critical chain scheduling

Which of the following is not a best practice that can help in avoiding scope problems on IT projects? A. Keep scope realistic B. Use off-the-self hardware and software whenever possible C. Follow good project management processes D. Don't involve too many users in scope management

D. Don't involve too many users in scope management

Which of the following statements is false? A. Growing grass was on the critical path for a large theme park project. B. The critical path is the series of activities that determine the earliest time by which a project can be completed, C. A forward pass through a project network diagram determines the early start and early finish dates for each activity. D. Fast tracking is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost.

D. Fast tracking is a technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost.

What does the term kaizen mean? A. minimize waste B. Maximize value C. Do it right the first time D. Improvement

D. Improvement

Which of the following is not a process in project communications management? A. Planning communications management B. Controlling communications C. Managing communications D. Managing stakeholders

D. Managing stakeholders

What approach to developing a WBS involves writing down or drawing ideas in a nonlinear format? A. Top-down B. Bottom-up C. Analogy D. Mind mapping

D. Mind mapping

_______ involves measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective actions. A. Initiating B. Planning C. Executing D. Monitoring and controlling E. Closing

D. Monitoring and controlling

Which of the following is not a suggestion for improving user input? A. Develop a good project selection process for IT projects B. Have users on the project team C. Co-locate users with developers D. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis

D. Only have meetings as needed, not on a regular basis

Which of the following is not true? A. Most American companies have a project management office. B. You can earn an advanced degree in project management from hundreds of colleges and universities. C. Employers are looking for project management skills in new graduates. D. PMI's talent triangle includes leadership and information technology skills along with project management.

D. PMI's talent triangle includes leadership and information technology skills along with project management.

What methodology was developed in the United Kingdom, defines 45 separate sub-processes, and organizes them into eight process groups? A. Six Sigma B. RUP C. PMBOK Guide D. PRINCE2

D. PRINCE2

Which of the following is not an attribute of a project? A. Projects are unique. B. Projects are developed using progressive elaboration. C. Projects have a primary customer or sponsor. D. Projects involve little uncertainty.

D. Projects involve little uncertainty

What is the last step in the four-stage planning process for selecting IT projects? A. IT strategy planning B. Business area analysis C. Mind Mapping D. Resource allocation

D. Resource allocation

__________ is the leading agile development method. A. Extreme programming B. Sprint C. Kanban D. Scrum

D. Scrum

What strategy can a project manager use to deliver bad news? A. Tell a joke first B. Tell senior management as soon as possible so they can develop alternatives and recommendations C. Ask the project champion to deliver the news. D. Set the stage by putting the news into context, emphasizing the impact on the bottom line

D. Set the stage by putting the news into context, emphasizing the impact on the bottom line

If the actual cost for a WBS item is $1,500 and its earned value is $2,000, what is its cost variance, and is it under or over budget? A. The cost variance is -$500, which is over budget B. The cost variance is -$500, which is under budget C. The cost variance is $500, which is over budget D. The cost variance is $500, which is under budget

D. The cost variance is $500, which is under budget

Predecessors, successors, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, constraints, imposed dates, and assumptions are all examples of __________ A. items in an activity list B. items on a Gantt chart C. milestone attributes D. activity attributes

D. activity attributes

Accountants usually define _________________ as a resource sacrificed or foregone to achieve a specific objective or something given up in exchange. A. money B. liability C. trade D. cost

D. cost

At the bottom of Maslow's pyramid or hierarchy of needs are ______ needs. A. self-actualization B. esteem C. safety D. physiological

D. physiological

A _______ maps the work of a project. as described in the WBS, to the people responsible for performing the work. A. project organizational chart B. work definition and assignment process C. resource histogram D. responsibility assignment matrix

D. responsibility assignment matrix

Initiating involves developing a project charter, which is part of the project _____ management knowledge area. a. integration b. scope c. communications d. risk

a. integration

Many people use ___ to have a standard format for preparing various project management documents. a. methodologies b. templates c. project management software d. standards

b. templates