POB: Test 4 - Ch. 29

D

A chain of asexual spores produced by a sac fungus is called (A) a basidiospore (B) an ascospore (C) a mycelium (D) a conidia

D (spirogyra is a filamentous green alga that has a spiral of ribbon of chloroplast)

An example of a filamentous green alga is (A) volvox (B) chlamydomonas (C) fucus (D) spirogyra

D (Since plants and fungi have two different molecules that serve as the major structural component of their cells walls as well as two different methods of obtaining food, it is unlikely that one arose from the other)

At one time, biologists thought that fungi were merely forms of plants that had lost their chlorophyll and had returned to saprotrophy to gain food. Why is this no longer considered a solid theory? (A) Plants store glycogen, while fungi store starch (B) Fungi attack and engulf food for internal digestion (C) Plants are multicellular and fungi are unicellular or multinucleate noncellular plasmodia (D) Fungal cell walls contain chitin rather than cellulose (E) Fungi have flagella at some stage, providing mobility that plants never have

C (Fungi do not contain chloroplasts which contain the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll. This molecule allows autotrophs to convert the energy of the sun into chemical potential energy in the form of organic molecules)

Fungi are NOT considered photosynthetic because they lack (A) cell membrane (B) xylem (C) chloroplasts (D) cell walls

D (Fungi are strict heterotrophs that release their digestive enzymes into the environment and digest their food outside of their bodies. This makes any unused nutrients available to other organisms in the ecosystem. Heterotrophic bacteria obtain nutrients in the same way.)

In what way are fungi like heterotrophic bacteria? (A) they are both eukaryotic (B) they both have cell walls of the same material (C) they both produce gametes (D) they are both heterotrophic and play an important role in ecosystems (E) they are both photosynthetic and thus are producers

B (Molds and mushrooms are both part of the kingdom Fungi. Archaea is composed of prokaryotic organisms that are closely related to eukaryotes. Protists are typically unicellular eukaryotes and do contain water and slime molds, which are not classified as fungi because they have cellulose in their cell walls and engulf their food, unlike fungi which digest outside their bodies. Unlike plants, molds and mushrooms do not contain chlorophyll.)

Molds (except slime and water molds) and mushrooms belong to the kingdom (A) Animalia (B) Fungi (C) Protists (D) Plantae

A (Yeasts are unicellular fungus, not a protist. Protozoa are animal like protists and algae are photosynthetic protists. Water molds and slime molds are both types of protists that function as decomposers)

The kingdom Protista includes all of the following kinds of organisms EXCEPT (A) yeasts (B) protozoa (C) slime molds (D) algae

D (Fungi have a filamentous body; the individual filaments are called hyphae, while the collective mass of filaments is called a mycelium)

The kingdom ___ are characterized by having filaments called hyphae that are used to absorb nutrients (A) Animalia (B) Protista (C) Archaea (D) Fungi (E) Plantae

A (Fungi have a filamentous body; an individual filament is called a hypha, while the collective mass of filaments is called a mycelium)

The mycelium is a mesh of filaments, each of which is called (A) a hypha (B) a basidiospore (C) a conidium (D) an ascospore

D

When the cap of an average gilled mushroom is cut off and shaken,a cloud of powdery material is released. The material released are (A) mycelia (B) sporangia (C) hyphae (D) spores (E) seeds

A (The algae include green algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, red algae, and brown algae. Sporozoa, zooflagellates, slime molds, and ciliates are protists but fall under other classifications than algae)

Which is an example of an alga? (A) diatoms (B) zooflagellates (C) sporozoa (D) ciliates (E) slime molds

B (Pseudopods are the projections of the plasma membrane formed through cytoplasmic streaming. The process allows some protists to move and to engulf food. The movement is sometimes called amoeboid movement.)

Which of the following organisms move about by means of pseudopodia? (A) Chlamydomonas (B) Amoeba proteus (C) Paramecium caudatum (D) trypanosome

B

Which pair is mismatched? (A) sporangium - bread mold (B) ascocarp - shelf fungi (C) basidium - club fungi (D) penicillin - sac fungi (E) yeasts - sac fungi

A (All phases of sporozoa are generally nonmotile and are either internal or external parasites)

Which protist is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement it shows? (A) Euglena - pseudopod (B) Paramecium - cilia (C) amoeboids - pseudopodia (D) zooflagellates - flagella (E) ciliates - cilia

C

____ are mostly saprotrophic decomposers that assist in recycling of nutrients in ecosystems. (A) Algae (B) Protozoans (C) Fungi (D) Ciliates

conjugation

a temporary union during which the cells exchange genetic material

amoebozoans

amoeboids, as well as plasmodial and cellular slime molds; most closely related to the opisthokonts

spirogyra

an example of a charophyte found in green masses on the surfaces of ponds and streams; filamentous green algae in which each cell has a ribbon-like chloroplast, undergo sexual reproduction via conjugation

opisthokonts

animals, fungi, and certain flagellates

sac fungi

ascomycetes; named after their cup-like sexual reproductive structure, called asocarp; many reproduce by producing chains of asexual spores called conidia

lichens

associations between fungi and cyanobacteria or green algae, efficient in getting nutrients, can colonize poor soil and rocky surfaces, primary colonizers because they produce organic matter and soil that supports plants

club fungi

basidomycetes; sexual reproductive structure - basidium - within the basidiocarp (the edible part of the mushroom)

hyphae

body of a fungus is composed of a mass of individual filaments called _____; give the mycelium a large surface area per volume of cytoplasm, which facilitates absorption of nutrients into the body of the fungus

mycelium

collectively, the mass of filaments is called ____

chromalveolates

dinoflagellates, brown algae, diatoms, ciliates, sporozoans, and water molds

excavates

euglenids and certain other flagellates

saprotrophs

feed on dead organic matter

rhizarians

foraminiferans and radiolarians

fungi

heterotrophs; release enzymes into external environment and digest food outside of the body; some parasitic forms; most are saprophytic decomposers (help recycle nonorganic nutrients in ecosystems), many are symbiotic mutualists

archaeplastids

land plants and other photosynthetic organisms, such as green and red algae, that have chloroplasts (also called plastids)

brown algae

large and complex, color due to pigments, all multicellular and mostly marine; include kelp - which, attached to the seafloor, may reach 60m. in length, kelp are primary producers for highly diverse and productive communities

flagellates

most are heterotrophic protozoans that propel themselves using one or more flagella

amoeboids

organisms with pseudopodia, free-living amoebae, they feed by phagocytosis

penicillium

original source of antibiotic penicillin; P. roquefortii and P. camemberti used in blue cheese production

euglena

photosynthesis, mixotrophy, eyespot for detecting light intensity

spores

produced by a sporangium and can survive until moisture is sufficient for them to germinate

green algae

protists that contain both chlorophylls a and b; inhabit variety of environments, including oceans, fresh water, snowbanks, the bark of trees, and the backs of turtles; mostly single-celled

sporangia

reproductive structures in plasmodiums that produce spores

plasmodial slime molds

single cell, large and multinucleate, feed on decomposers on dead plant matter

protists

single-celled eukaryotic microbes (some can exist as colonies of cells or are multicellular); any eukaryotic organism that is not a plant animal or fungus

diatoms

unicellular algae that are one of the most important photosynthetic organisms on Earth, have unique glassy cell wall containing silica and live in freshwater marine environments, formed from the fossilized remains, used as filter or in abrasives

dinoflagellates

unicellular algae, cause "blooms" in polluted coastal waters, red tides, bioluminescent ocean

yeasts

unicellular fungi, many are sac fungi; saccharomyces cerevisiae, brewer's yeast --> bread, wine, and beer

ciliates

unicellular protists including heterotrophs, named for use of cilia to move and to sweep food into mouth