Pol2761 Chapter 8 homework

The main opposition to the Democratic Party in the 1830s and 1840s was the ______ Party, which eventually died out

Whig

Countries with multiparty systems tend to have what kind of electoral system?

a proportional representation system

Which of the following voting blocs has moved heavily into the Democratic Party since the 1960s?

black Americans

In general, political parties are made up of a ______ constituency of supporters.

broad

Political parties and their ability to control politics in the United States.have been weakened by ______-centered campaigns.

candidate

Although party organizations still manage many tasks related to elections, the lead role in elections now lies with the

candidate.

What group was most concerned about what Scammon and Wattenberg called the "social Issue"?

conservative Christians

The most important minor parties in the 20th century have been ______ parties

factional

The most important minor parties in the 20th century have been ______ parties.

factional

Third parties that break off from one of the two dominant parties are known as

factional parties.

in the era of Jacksonian democracy, the efforts of local party organizations, along with the extension of voting rights to citizens without property, contributed to an almost ______ increase in election turnout. fourfold

fourfold

To date, the Internet has proven itself to be better than television as a medium for

fundraising. mobilizing supporters.

Political parties began to emerge in the United States

in spite of many of the founding fathers' mistrust of them.

On a variety of issues, white women hold opinions that are on average ______ than those of white men.

more liberal

A ______ political system is made up of at least three political parties.

multiparty

A(n) ______ primary is one in which any registered voter, regardless of party affiliation, may vote.

open

The highlighting of candidates' attributes is called

packaging.

The groups and interests that support a political party are collectively referred to as a

party coalition.

Which of the following ranks the amount of media coverage of candidates from highest to lowest?

presidential candidates, Senate candidates, House candidates

An election in which voters choose the party's nominees is called a ______ election.

primary

Which of the following contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations?

primary elections

Voting for a candidate's promises rather than his or her past actions is an example of what is called ______ voting.

prospective

Which type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influence that needs to be changed?

reform parties

The national, state, and local organizations of the Republican and Democratic parties are

relatively independent; that is, each level does not have much control over the others.

Voting for a candidate's past performance rather than future promises is an example of what is called ______ voting.

retrospective

In order to raise enough funds for their campaigns, political candidates raise money from all of the following groups except

state governments.

Who oversees the day-to-day operations of the political party's national organization?

the national chair

Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the top-two finishers compete in the general election are called ______ primarie

top-two

Primaries in which candidates of both parties are on the same ballot and the top-two finishers compete in the general election are called ______ primaries.

top-two

When does a national party committee defer to the president to chose a national chair?

when the party controls the White House

What purpose does party competition serve in American politics?

1. It narrows down options for voters. 2. It allows groups of voters to act in unison.

Which of the following are true of grassroots parties?

1. The are open to all citizens. 2. They operate at the local level.

Which of the following statements describe how U.S. campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered?

1. The same parties are represented nationwide. 2. Candidates organize their own campaigns.

Which of the following are true of Hispanic voters in the United States?

1. They lean heavily toward the Democratic Party, except for Cuban Americans. 2. Hispanics tend to be liberal on economic issues and conservative on social issues

Which of the following are part of the money chase of politics?

1. pursuing wealthy patrons 2. raising funds

What percentage of party activists work within local political party organizations?

95 percent

The fact that more white women than white men vote for the Democratic Party is an example of a(n) gap.

Blank 1: gender

Since the Great Depression, which party's agenda has included a strong commitment to provide a safety net for the most vulnerable members of society?

Democratic

True or false: Local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of the political machines.

False

Which president was elected under his promise that he would do something about the Great Depression?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Which of the following states have closed/partially closed primaries?

Nevada Florida North Carolina

What usually happens after a third party is relatively successful in attracting votes during a U.S. national election?

One or both major parties will try to co-opt the issue or issues that made the third party successful.

The strongest reform party in U.S. history was the

Progressive Party.

Opposition to slavery gave rise to which party?

Republican Party

Which are the major political parties in the United States?

Republican Party Democratic Party

______ lost control of the Congress in 2008 after they failed to follow through on policy promises to restore the nation's economy.

Republicans

Which of the following voting blocs was largely notable for its migration to the Republican Party during the 1980s?

Southern whites

Which of the following statements is true regarding a single-member district electoral system?

The candidate with more votes than any opponent wins the election in the district.

In politics, what do linkage institutions do?

They connect citizens with government.

True or false: Rather than being the result of an abrupt shift in response to a single disruptive issue, realignments are caused by gradual changes in response to several issues

True

True or false: Rather than being the result of an abrupt shift in response to a single disruptive issue, realignments are caused by gradual changes in response to several issues.

True

The Civil War triggered a party realignment. What were the two major parties following this realignment period?

1. Democratic Party 2. Republican Party

Which is a reason that some scholars think we have moved into a new party alignment?

The Republican Party has become stronger in the South and the Democratic Party had become stronger in the Northeast.

In order to have the best chance to win in a two-party system, political parties normally

align themselves near the middle of the voting spectrum.

All party organizations have a responsibility to

build support among voters.

Since the 1980s, which group has voted most strongly for the Republican Party?

fundamentalist Christians

A reason political parties have emerged whenever democracy has been established is that

political parties provide individuals a way to join together in order to exercise their collective influence.

Organizations that nominate and seek to elect candidates to government office are known as

political parties.

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of

third parties.

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

1. Federalists 2. Democratic-Republicans

State parties are involved with which of the following activities?

1. voter registration 2. election of U.S. senators

Which of the following are roles that national political parties have?

1. to raise money for congressional campaigns 2. to seek media coverage of party positions and activities 3. to raise money for presidential campaigns

What percentage of voters today cast a split ticket?

20 percent

The clearest example of a party coalition are African Americans, nearly ______ percent of whom regularly vote for Democrats.

90

Which party formed during the 1830s was competitive against the Jacksonian Democratic Party?

Whig Party

The rise of candidate-centered campaigns has

increased the importance of money in political campaigns. made it easier for political newcomers to win high office.

Until the early 20th century, the major party's nominees for president were selected via which method?

picked by the party organization

In Britain's 2017 election, the Liberal Democrats received 7 percent of the national vote and, thereby, roughly 7 percent of the seats in Parliament. This is an example of a _____ system.

proportional representation

A permanent shift in party allegiances or electoral support is known as a party

realignment.

Many voters cast a ______, where they only vote for candidates of one party.

straight ticket

The U.S. government functions as a(n) ______ system

two-party

The strongest ideological party in U.S. history was the

Populist Party.

How did many of the founders of the United States view political parties?

They viewed political parties with suspicion.

What is the term Darrell West uses to describes candidates' use of televised ads?

air wars

Local party organizations operate

only during campaign periods.

Over ______ percent of presidential campaigns spending is for media.

59

The Civil War triggered a party realignment. What were the two major parties following this realignment period?

Democratic Party Republican Party

True or false: The Internet has overtaken television as the principal medium of election politics.

False

Which of the following best describes the voting electorate after the expansion of voting rights during the era of Jacksonian democracy?

all white males

Which type of third party is highly organized around a framework concerning the nature and role of government in society?

ideologically oriented parties

Today, political candidates tend to

set up and run their own campaign organizations.

Third parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue are known as

single-issue parties.

The in-party's chances of staying in power has historically depended primarily on

the condition of the economy.

How many major political parties are there in the United States today?

two

Which of the following sum up the various functions of political consultants?

1. production of promotional materials 2. advising on how to run a successful campaign 3. gathering voter opinions

On a ______, citizens vote for candidates from different parties.

split ticket

What is another name for the plurality system?

winner-take-all system

In a proportional representation system, which of the following is true?

Political parties win a number of seats in the legislature in rough proportion to the percentage of the vote each party receives.

The party realignment that began in the 1960s was completed during what presidency?

Reagan's

Because of the increasing cost of political campaigns,

candidates must constantly work to raise funds.

Today's political campaigns rely on which of the following to be successful?

pollsters media producers campaign strategists

During the 1930s the Democratic Party became the party of federal power rather than the ______ party.

states' rights

Which of the following are distinct disadvantages of the rise of candidate-centered campaigns?

1. They provide opportunities for powerful interest groups to donate money to candidates. 2. They make it easier for officeholders to deny responsibility for government actions.

The most electorally successful factional party in U.S. history was the

Bull Moose Party.

Which of the following statements about negative ads and negative campaigning are true

1. Negative campaigning in presidential elections was used as long ago as when Thomas Jefferson ran for office. 2. Abraham Lincoln was the target of insulting comments about his appearance during election campaigns.

Even if a third-party candidate fails to win an election, the candidate has still done which of the following to help the third party succeed

1. drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major candidates 2. encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party

Which of the following are true about political contributions called hard money?

1.Hard money is money political parties give to candidates. 2. Hard money is money given directly to a candidate. 3. Hard money is subject to legal limits. 4. Hard money can be spent as the recipient chooses.