Polit 10

1. In the context of agenda setting, _____ are stories about how the world works. a. slick sets b. gaffes c. frames d. podcasts e. spins

C) frAMES

48. ______ is defined as the ability to determine which issues are considered important by the public and by politicians. a. Agenda setting b. Priming c. Media reflection d. Framing e. Spinning

a. Agenda setting

54. Which of the following enables journalists to be more objective in identifying and cracking down on political lies and misrepresentations? a. Conservative newspapers b. Conservative talk radio c. Liberal bloggers d. Fact-checking operations e. White house press releases

d. Fact-checking operations

15. Which of the following statements is true of the fairness doctrine? a. It would have made it difficult for radio stations to broadcast conservative talk shows exclusively, as many do now. b. It allowed the holders of broadcast licenses to present controversial issues in ways that suited their interests. c. It banned the holders of broadcast licenses from presenting controversial issues of public importance. d. It is still in force and imposes a variety of restrictions on print media and broadcast media. e. It was repealed by the Federal Communications Commission in 2012.

a. It would have made it difficult for radio stations to broadcast conservative talk shows exclusively, as many do now.

12. Which of the following statements is true of concentrated ownership of media? a. There is substantial evidence that corporations that own media significantly influence reporting. b. The owners of media outlets air information that could be damaging to their advertisers if they earn profits. c. If only one or two companies own a city's newspaper and its TV stations, these outlets present a diversity of opinion. d. The owners of media outlets are unlikely to publicize views that they disagree with politically. e. Concentrated ownership may be a more serious problem at the national level than at the local level.

a. There is substantial evidence that corporations that own media significantly influence reporting.

17. Since 1996, the Commission on Presidential Debates has limited the participants to: a. candidates of the two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—and one candidate from a third party. b. only candidates of the two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans. c. candidates of the two major parties in the first debate, and one candidate from a third party in the second debate. d. two candidates of up to four parties at a time. e. three candidates at a time.

a. candidates of the two major parties—the Democrats and the Republicans—and one candidate from a third party.

2. Which of the following is true of the old media in the twentieth century? a. Film displaced print media in the early twentieth century. b. Television did not have an effect in displacing print media. c. Beginning about 1950, the number of adults reading a daily paper began to increase dramatically. d. Radio did not displace print media in the early twentieth century. e. Beginning about 1950, the circulation of the newspaper declined to a great extent.

b. Television did not have an effect in displacing print media.

8. In order to attract more viewers, the television news industry: a. has turned to "infotainment" programs. b. has turned to negative advertising. c. has started to treat an important issue in much more detail than print medium. d. has started to provide editorials taking positions on an issue and arguments supporting those positions. e. has relied on news reporting that is done in a very detailed manner.

b. has turned to negative advertising.

9. Online activists who support a particular candidate but are not controlled by the candidate's organization are known as _____. a. spin doctors b. netroots groups c. Web strategists d. Web managers e. citizen journalists

b. netroots groups

38. Professional ethics of journalists dictate a commitment to: a. right leaning and exaggeration. b. objectivity and truthfulness. c. subjectivity and exaggeration. d. liberalism and left leaning. e. information and entertainment.

b. objectivity and truthfulness

30. The concept of__________is related to agenda setting. a. narrowcasting b. priming c. microtargeting d. lobbying e. campaigning

b. priming

33. In a managed news coverage, _____. a. information is collected, analyzed, and disseminated online by independent journalists, scholars, politicians, and the general citizenry b. the campaign manager creates newsworthy events that demonstrate the candidate's strong points so that the media can capture this image of the candidate c. a political candidate's press adviser tries to convince reporters to give a story or event concerning the candidate a particular interpretation or slant d. a candidate uses issue advertisement to focus on flaws in their opponents' positions on various issues, such as immigration and terrorism e. a candidate uses a negative political advertisement that attacks an opponent's character

b. the campaign manager creates newsworthy events that demonstrate the candidate's strong points so that the media can capture this image of the candidate

51. Which of the following is true of the majority of the population who listen regularly to talk radio? a. they are usually female and liberal b. they are predominantly male, middle- aged, and conservative c. they are typically in college d. they lean to the political left e. they hold radical and extreme views

b. they are predominantly male, middle- aged, and conservative

14. _____ refers to a reporter's slant on, or interpretation of, a particular event or action. a. Narrowcasting b. Priming c. A spin d. Agenda setting e. A podcast

c. A spin

21. Which of the following is true of the blogosphere? a. Only a few people are licensed to create blogs. b. It contributes little to the innovation in news delivery today. c. Blogs are offered by the citizenry at large. d. The mainstream news organizations refrain from adding blogs to their websites. e. Blogs are purely for entertainment and hardly political in nature.

c. Blogs are offered by the citizenry at large.

26. Identify an accurate statement about the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. a. First Amendment protections allow the U.S. government to restrict speech on the Internet. b. The United States Supreme Court restricted First Amendment protections to the Internet until 1952. c. Film was one of the first types of new media to be considered under the First Amendment. d. In 1915, the United States Supreme Court extended First Amendment protections to the movies. e. Radio and television received First Amendment protections upon their development.

c. Film was one of the first types of new media to be considered under the First Amendment.

10. Which of the following statements is true of traditional journalism? a. It is personal commentary, revolving around highly politicized TV figures. b. It is based on opinion and punditry. c. It is becoming a smaller part of today's news culture. d. It ignores fact-based reporting. e. It is a form of hyperlocalism.

c. It is becoming a smaller part of today's news culture

53. There is substantial evidence that top journalists working for the nation's most famous newspapers and networks tend to be _____. a. Conservatives b. Moderates c. Liberals d. Apolitical e. Republicans

c. Liberals

44. Which of the following was one of the first forms of new media in the twentieth century? a. Newspapers b. Magazines c. Motion pictures d. Newsletters e. Books

c. Motion pictures

6. __________is another term that has been used to describe the news blogosphere. a. Narrowcasting b. Web managing c. People journalism d. Managed news coverage e. Air game

c. People journalism

18. Which of the following statements is true of talk radio? a. Supporters of talk shows argue that talk shows have failed to provide a populist forum for the public. b. The growth of talk radio was made possible by the Federal Communications Commission's appeal to restore the fairness doctrine. c. People who are uneasy about talk shows fear that talk shows empower fringe groups, perhaps magnifying their rage. d. Americans have come to reject talk radio as an outlet for the political right. e. Most of the top talk-radio shows are politically liberal.

c. People who are uneasy about talk shows fear that talk shows empower fringe groups, perhaps magnifying their rage.

5. Which of the following is true of news coverage? a. It cannot be manipulated by campaign staff. b. Coverage by the news media is very expensive. c. Political consultants plan political events to accommodate the press. d. The media do not devote much of their coverage to polls. e. Hardly any aspect of a campaign focuses on potential news coverage.

c. Political consultants plan political events to accommodate the press.

35. Which of the following statements is true of talk radio? a. Today, five of the top six talk-radio shows, as measured by Arbitron ratings, are politically liberal. b. Modern talk radio took off in the United States during the 1930s. c. The growth of talk radio was made possible by the Federal Communications Commission's repeal of the fairness doctrine in 1987. d. Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats" were the last talk-radio shows. e. The holders of broadcast licenses present controversial issues of public importance in a manner that is honest, equitable, and balanced.

c. The growth of talk radio was made possible by the Federal Communications Commission's repeal of the fairness doctrine in 1987.

11. Which of the following statements is true of televised debates? a. They allow candidates to discuss their policies as much as they want to, without any time constraints. b. They cannot provide an opportunity for candidates to improve their images. c. They help shape the outcome of the elections. d. They have been a part of every election since 1990. e. They restrict candidates from pointing out the flaws of their opponents.

c. They help shape the outcome of the elections.

55. The collection, analysis, and dissemination of information online by the citizenry is known as _____. a. podcasting b. blogging c. citizen journalism d. fact-checking operations e. citizen debate

c. citizen journalism

22. Those who claim that talk-show hosts go too far ultimately have to deal with the constitutional issue of _____. a. right to information b. right to democracy c. free speech d. free media e. free advertisements

c. free speech

34. Attack ads are one form of _____. a. spinning b. narrowcasting c. negative political advertising d. agenda setting e. issue advertising

c. negative political advertising

20. From the beginning, radio has been a favorite outlet for _____. a. the Democratic party b. traditional news reporters c. the political right d. the political left e. radical and extreme views

c. the political right

3. Which of the following is true of the media and the First Amendment? a. The concept of freedom of the press has been applied to electronic media since the adoption of the Bill of Rights. b. The Internet was the first type of new media to be considered under the First Amendment. c. The First Amendment has granted complete protection to broadcast media. d. Radio and television received no protection upon their development. e. Freedom of the press was not applied to movies until 1997.

d. Radio and television received no protection upon their development.

7. Which of the following is a disadvantage of negative advertisements? a. The more negative the television advertisements, the less likely they are to get free media coverage. b. Candidates and their campaign managers avoid negative advertisements because they do not help the candidates. c. Extreme ads may create sympathy for the candidate being attacked rather than support for the attacker, particularly when the charges against the candidate being attacked are not credible. d. They are less likely than positive ads to grab the viewers' attention and make an impression. e. They are less likely to focus on substantive political issues, and thus they do a poorer job of informing the voters about important campaign issues than positive ads do.

d. They are less likely than positive ads to grab the viewers' attention and make an impression.

25. Kathleen Hall Jamieson believes that media bias does play a significant role in shaping presidential campaigns and elections, and she argues that it is a _____. a. bias that favors Democrats b. bias that favors Republicans c. bias against winners d. bias against losers e. bias against conservatives

d. bias against losers

45. Today, four of the top five talk-radio shows, as measured by Arbitron ratings, are politically _____. a. confederalist b. liberal c. communist d. conservative e. extremist

d. conservative

28. In a recent study, the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press found that 64 percent of reporters in both national and local media applied the term__________to themselves. a. liberal b. conservative c. extremist d. moderate e. biased

d. moderate

29. A__________is a televised comment, lasting for only a few seconds, that captures a thought or a perspective and has an immediate impact on viewers. a. hack b. spin c. blog d. sound bite e. statement

d. sound bite

50. A political candidate's press adviser who tries to convince reporters to give a story or event concerning the candidate a particular interpretation or slant is known as a(n) _____. a. interpretation advisor b. narrowcaster c. negative press manager d. spin doctor e. head of slant

d. spin doctor

4. Each presidential candidate has press advisers, often called__________, who try to convince reporters to give a story or event an interpretation that is favorable to the candidate. a. Web managers b. hackers c. bloggers d. spin doctors e. lobbyists

d. spin doctors

49. Which of the following is a benefit of negative advertising as contended by John Geer? a. Negative ads can cause sympathy in viewers. b. Negative ads can backfire. c. Going to extremes in negative advertising alienates viewers. d. Negative ads helps politicians set agendas. e. Negative ads are likely to focus on substantive political issues instead of candidates' personal characteristics.

e. Negative ads are likely to focus on substantive political issues instead of candidates' personal characteristics.

13. Which of the following statements is true about media? a. Following World War II, newspapers became the dominant form of communication. b. The radio has supplanted the Internet as the most popular medium of communication in the world today. c. Beginning about 1950, the circulation of the newspaper began to decline steadily. d. Film and radio displaced print media in the early twentieth century. e. Radio, television, and print media remain important to American politics and government.

e. Radio, television, and print media remain important to American politics and government.

36. Following World War II (1939-1945), _____ became the dominant form of communication. a. magazines b. radio c. newsletters d. print newspapers e. broadcast television

e. broadcast television

31. Podcasting can be defined as: a. a technique for fitting events into a familiar story or filtering information through preconceived ideas. b. spinning a story or an event in a way that is favorable to a political candidate. c. narrowing the focus of news to a local area. d. managing news coverage to gain media exposure for a political candidate. e. the distribution of audio or video files to personal computers or mobile devices such as smartphones.

e. the distribution of audio or video files to personal computers or mobile devices such as smartphones.