Political Science
As of 2019, approximately what portion of the Texas population was under 18 years of age?
25%
Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?
- Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men - the average pay for women workers is only 82% of the amount earned by male workers
Within the past 10 years, Supreme Court decisions have expanded LGBTQ rights in which of the following ways?
- LGBTQ people are now protected from job discrimination under the 1964 civil rights act - LGBTQ couples now have the right to marry throughout the US
Which of the following Native Americans nations have a majority who speak native languages at home?
- Navajo - Pueblo
Which of the following Native American nations have a majority who speak native language at home
- Pueblo - Navajo
Which of the following would be considered an element of the Texas criminal justice system?
- Texas courts - policies enacted by the legislature - correctional facilities and programs
Which of the statements below are true of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program?
- The Trump administration's attempt to rescind the program was invalidated by the Supreme Court - The program was established by the Obama administration in 2012
Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?
- They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college - Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average
Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to ___
- be college educated - have a high median income
Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to __
- have a high median income - be college educated
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which of the following are reasons for the higher death rate for Black Americans?
- higher housing density - more limited access to medical care - higher incidence of commorbidity factors such as hyper tension
Which of the following are current policy issues for Native Americans
- obtaining economic self-sufficiency - preserving their culture and languages - preventing casino gambling from eroding tribal traditions
Which of the following are purposes served by the Texas criminal justice system?
- promotion of public safety - punishment of criminal activity - compensation of victims - deterrence of potential criminal activity - rehabilitation of offenders
Which of the following statements are accurate representations of the Hispanic population in the US
- their numbers have more than doubled in the past 20 years - the majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Carribean Islands
As of April 2018, how many operational units were under the jurisdiction of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice?
106
A texas citizen is no longer considered a juvenile once which of the following birthdays is reached?
17th
Which constitutional amendment granted women the right to vote?
19th
According to the US government statistics, roughly __ percent of Black children live in poverty, compared to ___ percent of white children
35;12
Of the largest 500 US corporations, about ___ percent are headed by women
5
Which statement best describes the political engagement of most Asian Americans in the 1960's
Asian Americans were not greatly active to any great extent
What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez
California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively
Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?
Cesar Chavez
Asian Americans emphasize __ as a means of achieving upward mobility
Education
Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in 1971 but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?
Equal Rights Amendment
Which sociologist authored the book An American Dilemma
Gunner Myrdal
In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ___, that grant Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans
Indian Civil Rights Act
In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.
Indian Civil Rights Act
The Public Safety Commission has 5 members. How does one become a member?
It is a gubernatorial appointment
Which of the following is true of the granting of parole to prisoners in Texas?
It results in considerable cost savings to the state
About half of all Hispanics in the United States were born in___
Mexico or have Mexican ancestry
Which of the following statements about African American children in the US is true?
More than half grow up in a single-parent family
Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?
Obergefell v. Hodges
The Texas ______ is a statutory law that establishes a system of prohibitions, penalties, and correctional measures to deal with conduct that causes harm or threatens harm to individuals or public interests.
Penal Code
What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the US
People hold deep-seated prejudices based on such characteristics as race, color, and religion
The ___ is the chief law enforcement agency in Texas
Texas Department of Public Safety
Juvenile justice in Texas applies not only to those minors charges with wrongdoing, but also those who are wards of the state
True
What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?
Wounded Knee
As part of what movement did advocates for women's suffrage (voting rights) become active on a large scale?
abolitionist movement
A company that has a contract with the federal government to construct a road on federal land institutes policies that ensure that its hiring practices are fair and do not exclude members of minority groups. In this way, the company is complying with ___ requirements
affirmative action
The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ___ education in their public schools
biligual
Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting
certain employers from paying women less than man for doing the same job
Despite the state's reputation as tough on crime, which of the following justice reform efforts recently emerged?
changes to the juvenile justice system
Which of the following is a type of juvenile offense in Texas that if committed by an adult would be either punishable by a fine or not considered a violation at all?
conduct indicating a need for supervision (CINS)
in Texas, ___ law applies when the government seeks punishment on behalf of society or a victim
criminal
what type of discrimination is based on the law?
de jure discrimination
In order to expand employment opportunities for traditionally disadvantaged groups, the federal government requires agencies and businesses that receive federal funds or contracts to ______.
establish policies aimed at ensuring that all job applicants are treated fairly
Under the Texas Penal Code, someone accused of public intoxication could receive a maximum punishment of a $500 fine, while someone accused of auto theft could receive 180 days to 2 years to jail and/or a $10,000 fine. This is an example of ___
graded penalties
What chronic problem faced by the state prison system was addressed in the case of Ruiz v. Estelle?
overcrowding
Which of the following refers to the inherent power of the state to protect persons legally incapable of protecting themselves before the law
parens patriae
At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large black populations.
redlining
Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ___ test
strict-scrutiny
According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of ___
suspect classifications
Which of the following refers to the power of the state to act as a caretaker for a minor and a defender of their legal interests, while at the same time acting as guardian of public safety?
the police powers doctrine
what are comparable worth policies?
those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education
Texas incarceration rate is one of the highest in the nation
true
In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians ___
were an inferior people
What demographic group is most likely to support same-sex marriage
younger adults