POLS 2310: Chapter 3&4

Which of the following statements is accurate? a. Citizenship is likely to be more flexible than ethnic identity. b. Citizenship is rigid in scope and power, unlike ethnic or national identity. c. High degrees of national identity necessarily spark high degrees of patriotism. d. Patriotism typically gives rise to more inclusive citizenship.

a. Citizenship is likely to be more flexible than ethnic identity.

Social democracy or socialism is best described as a. a political ideology. b. a political attitude. c. an ethnic identity. d. the opposite of liberal democracy or liberalism.

a. a political ideology.

Following from the work of Bruce Lawrence, fundamentalism can be defined as a. an ideology that seeks to unite religion with the state. b. the use of violence toward religious ends. c. any deeply held value that combines political and religious views. d. a high degree of religious orthodoxy.

a. an ideology that seeks to unite religion with the state.

Political attitudes are views regarding the a. necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality. b. intersection and relationship between ethnic and national identities. c. means by which ethnic or national conflicts should be settled. d. proper role of elected officials.

a. necessary pace and scope of change in the balance between freedom and equality.

The people of a nation are seeking recognition from the United Nations to form a sovereign state. Some countries have concerns about the extent to which this nation will be inclusive of all people in the state. What should the leaders of this nation do to convince the UN of its inclusivity? a. propose citizenship requirements that many can easily meet b. promote a strong sense of patriotism c. foster a strong ethnic identity among its people d. cultivate a national identity

a. propose citizenship requirements that many can easily meet

What is a primary tactic used by central banks to combat inflation? a. raising interest rates b. printing more money c. setting lending rates very low d. making credit less expensive

a. raising interest rates

Reactionaries are those in the political spectrum who favor a. restoring structures and values that they believe once existed. b. maintaining the status quo. c. supporting a racist political system. d. changing the status quo.

a. restoring structures and values that they believe once existed.

What is comparative advantage? a. the ability for a country to produce a particular good or service relatively more efficiently than other countries b. the balance of power and influence between political and economic systems c. the tendency for tariffs to be more economically effective than quotas d. the ability of laissez-faire capitalism to produce more goods and services than other forms of regulated capitalism

a. the ability for a country to produce a particular good or service relatively more efficiently than other countries

The Gini index is one way that social scientists measure a. the amount of economic inequality in a society. b. the environmental impact of development. c. the total national wealth. d. the distribution of public goods.

a. the amount of economic inequality in a society.

Markets can best be defined as a. the interactions between the forces of supply and demand. b. government-produced public goods. c. fixed locations where products are bought and sold. d. an outmoded form of resource distribution.

a. the interactions between the forces of supply and demand.

________ advocates for state control of all economic resources, while ________ favors more free-market forces, with some state intervention, to promote economic equality. a. Fascism; communism b. Communism; socialism c. Socialism; fascism d. Communism; liberalism

b. Communism; socialism?

Which of the following statements about mercantilism is accurate? a. Mercantilism includes a greater role for the state in economic policy than communism. b. Mercantilism directs the economy toward certain industries and away from others. c. Mercantilism advocates for a state to intervene in the economy only when crises arise. d. Mercantilism mandates that unemployment should be accepted as inevitable.

b. Mercantilism directs the economy toward certain industries and away from others.

Which of the following best characterizes the nature of conflicts in India in recent years? a. national b. all of the above c. ethnic d. religious

b. all of the above

Liberalism is best associated with which of the following? a. state-owned enterprises b. free trade c. elimination of all private property d. tariff barriers

b. free trade

Countries with large social expenditure programs tend to have a. liberal political-economic systems. b. higher tax rates. c. less social cohesion. d. warmer climates.

b. higher tax rates.

Over the past two decades, most countries around the world have a. increased their social democratic institutions. b. increased economic liberalization. c. decreased economic liberalization. d. increased their mercantilist institutions.

b. increased economic liberalization.

An institution that binds people together through common political aspirations is a(n) a. ethnic identity. b. national identity. c. state. d. social movement.

b. national identity.

Which of the following would be an example of a nontariff regulatory barrier? a. a restriction that limits the number of imported televisions to less than half the amount that had been imported the previous year b. a single company owning all of the computer manufacturing plants in a given country c. a requirement that any imported steel be produced in plants that meet stringent environmental and safety requirements d. a 10 percent tax placed on any imported automobiles

c. a requirement that any imported steel be produced in plants that meet stringent environmental and safety requirements

Citizenship is best defined as a. a formal recognition of an ethnic group by the state. b. an economic obligation that a person has to the state, such as taxation. c. an individual's or a group's relation to the state. d. a formal participation in democratic processes, such as voting.

c. an individual's or a group's relation to the state.

Power sharing as a way to solve ethnic and national conflict a. must be accompanied by international intervention in order to work. b. results almost always in a federalist structure. c. causes concern sometimes about "freezing" or perpetuating group divisions. d. can lead usually to authoritarianism.

c. causes concern sometimes about "freezing" or perpetuating group divisions.

The Human Development Index includes measures of a country's a. education, happiness, and inequality. b. happiness, inequality, and social expenditures. c. education, life expectancy, and income. d. health, inequality, and social expenditures.

c. education, life expectancy, and income.

Which of the following concepts or phenomena was first and most directly connected to state development? a. increased calls for sovereignty b. growing national identity c. growing ethnic identity d. extensions of citizenship to multiple ethnic groups

c. growing ethnic identity

Imagine a state with large oil reserves takes ownership of the major oil producers and refiners in order to direct their efforts and benefit from their profits. These oil companies would be examples of a. tariffs. b. public goods. c. parastatals. d. social expenditures.

c. parastatals.

Which of the following statements about ethnicity is accurate? a. Ethnic designations typically weaken social solidarity. b. Ascription typically reduces ethnic solidarity. c. People typically choose their ethnicities through a process of assimilation. d. Ethnic solidarity can lessen the willingness to share resources with groups that are ethnically different.

d. Ethnic solidarity can lessen the willingness to share resources with groups that are ethnically different.

Which of the following statements about fundamentalism is accurate? a. Fundamentalists reject reactionary attitudes for radical ones. b. Fundamentalists emphasize collective equality. c. Fundamentalists embrace violent means to change the status quo. d. Fundamentalists seek to solve the problems of the modern world.

d. Fundamentalists seek to solve the problems of the modern world.

Why is persistent deflation a bad thing for an economy? a. Money loses value so quickly that it destabilizes a society. b. It runs counter to the central beliefs of mercantilism and therefore makes it difficult to manage. c. Central banks end up taking on too much debt in trying to fight it which leads to a loss of their independence. d. Lowering prices leads to unemployment, less spending, and even more deflation.

d. Lowering prices leads to unemployment, less spending, and even more deflation.

________ are the most fundamental components of political economy. a. Income and taxes b. Property and assets c. Income and markets d. Markets and property

d. Markets and property

Which of the following statements about happiness is most accurate? a. Postcommunist countries have higher levels of happiness than expected, despite their income levels. b. Happiness seems to depend more on a country's culture than its income level. c. The least happy countries are found in Western Europe. d. Wealthy, high GDP countries are generally happier than poor countries, though it is far from a perfect correlation.

d. Wealthy, high GDP countries are generally happier than poor countries, though it is far from a perfect correlation.

Social democracy can be defined as a system that a. favors equality over freedom. b. opposes both freedom and equality. c. favors freedom over equality. d. attempts to balance freedom and equality.

d. attempts to balance freedom and equality.

Which of the following concepts is common to both communist and social democratic ideologies, but is lacking in fascist ideology? a. belief in the value of competition among individuals b. rejection of the notion of the state c. belief in high state capacity d. belief in the potential of individuals

d. belief in the potential of individuals

Which political-economic system is based on the importance of capitalism and a laissez-faire approach to economic regulation? a. social democracy b. mercantilism c. communism d. liberalism

d. liberalism

A state that encompasses one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent is known as a(n) a. patriotic state. b. ethnic polity. c. citizen state. d. nation-state.

d. nation-state.

National identity can lead to feelings of pride and the belief in a separate, sovereign political destiny which is called a. anarchism. b. ethnicity. c. liberal democracy. d. nationalism.

d. nationalism.

Which of the following would most widely be considered a public good in the United States? a. housing b. property c. gasoline and heating oil d. primary school education

d. primary school education

Political culture can be understood as a. the level of political modernization in a country. b. the attributes of a people that form the basis for ethnic identity. c. the views of a society toward the role of culture. d. the society's norms for political activity.

d. the society's norms for political activity.