POLS Exam 1
According to your textbook, approximately what percentage of the world's population is identified as Christian?
33
What did the Federalists and Anti-Federalists agree was appropriate to protect the natural rights of the people from government encroachment?
A Bill of Rights
What did John Locke believe was the probable result of tyranny?
A state of violence and oppression
Aristotle was the first political theorist to assert that a state's economic system serves as the foundation for a state's political system. What feature did he argue was needed for a democracy to flourish?
A strong middle class
John Locke's view on private property influenced which leading capitalist theorist when he wrote The Wealth of Nations?
Adam Smith
Which of the following was a leader of the Federalists during the debate over ratifying the Constitution?
Alexander Hamilton
Which of the following types of political system is ruled by a small privileged class of people who control or influence the government?
Aristocracy
This Greek philosopher was Plato's student and wrote "Politics."
Aristotle
How did the "three-fifths rule" benefit Southern states?
By allowing slaves to be counted partially as population for congressional apportionment
The Roman statesman and philosopher argued for the need to incorporate just laws into the state?
Cicero
Which for of political protest used by Socrates includes refusing to obey laws of government in a non-violent way?
Civil disobedience
John Locke and Adam Smith helped shape this theoretical movement.
Classical liberalism
This ideology advocates for a limited government and for greater individual liberties at the political, social, and economic levels of society. This movement also inspired both the American and French Revolutions.
Classical liberalism
The most dramatic predictor of whether a young person is likely to vote is which on the following?
Educational attainment
Political theorists who are less interested in the way politics "ought" to be and more interested in studying politics as it actually "is" believe in which of the following?
Empirical theory
This social and political movement primarily seeks to prevent the further deterioration of our natural resources.
Environmentalism
What amendment was passed by Congress but never ratified, despite being generally popular among the voters?
Equal Rights Act
This system flourished in Europe during the middle Ages. It was based on the relationship of lord to vassal and the holding of land in feud.
Feudalism
Who gave the Constitutional Convention of 1787 a greater air of importance just by attending?
George Washington
How did Montesquieu agree with Aristotle on the formation of a government?
Government should blend aristocratic and democratic values.
What is a key element of Thomas Hobbes's influence on the formation of the federal government?
Hobbes's pessimistic view of human nature gave birth to checks and balances as a tool to counteract ambition.
Which is the following is a modern Political Science theory which focuses on analyzing the design/ organization of the formal structures of government and their effect on political outcomes
Institutionalism
Ancient political thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle believed which of the following about political power?
It should be applied as a means to the ends of social justice.
What is the chief reason why the Federalist Number 10 is generally viewed as the greatest American contribution to political theory?
James Madison shows that a country can have majority rule while respecting the interests of the minority.
This political theorist wrote A Social Contract and advocated for a direct democracy. He had a major influence on the French Revolution
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This political theorist wrote The Two Treatises of Government and had a major influence on Thomas Jefferson when he wrote the Declaration of Independence.
John Locke
Which of the following argued for a representative democracy where government possesses limited powers, and where the people select representatives who make public policy on their behalf.
John Locke
Which of the following people is associated with liberalism, a theory within international relations that asserts humans can exist in nonviolent and cooperative political structures?
Kant, Wilson, Obama, Locke (ALL)
His theory believes that all conflict in society occurs because of class conflict that results from capitalism.
Karl Marx
This political theorist co-authored the Communist Manifesto and is widely regarded as the father of communism.
Karl Marx
The Virginia Plan favored what kinds of states?
Large, heavily populated ones
What profession did most of the delegates of the Constitutional Convention practice?
Law
Which of the following are considered social contract thinkers?
Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau
Which of the following political theorists is NOT considered a social contract theorist?
Machiavelli
What Supreme court case established implied/enumerated powers?
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
What does the Federalist Number 10 identify as the chief danger to the new political system?
Minority elements will grow resentful of rule by the majority.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a civil rights leader in the United States during the 1960s. King followed the principle of civil disobedience exemplified by this leader of the Indian Independence movement against Britain.
Mohandas Gandhi
Which of the following is a political system where a king, queen, or a royal family holds absolute or limited power, usually inherited?
Monarchy
Which of the following philosophers believed that "power" and not "justice" is the most important unit of analysis in politics?
Niccolo Machiavelli
Which political theorist authored The Prince?
Niccolo Machiavelli
In the wake of McCulloch v. Maryland, can states tax federal government entities?
No, they have no power to do so.
What type of theory examines the way politics "should" be rather than focusing on the way politics "is"?
Normative Theory
This Greek philosopher was a student of Socrates and was the author of The Republic.
Plato
Who is considered the first Western political philosopher?
Plato
What is the process by which citizens develop the values, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions that enable them to support the political system?
Political socialization
This type of law is established and recognized by a governmental authority.
Positive law
What is the unique feature of the federal form of government?
Power is shared between the national and state governments.
What was the chief failure of the Constitutional Convention?
Preserving slavery
Which of the following are surveys that provide a useful way of showing how different groups view certain political issues?
Public opinion polls
Which of the following people is associated with Realism, a theory within international relations that argues that states should maximize their power in order to deter foreign aggression?
Reagan, Hobbes, Machiavelli, Thucydides
This school of thought in international relations is linked with Machiavelli and Hobbes and emphasizes the furtherance of national interests and military security.
Realism
What was the significance of the Connecticut Compromise?
Reconciling the interests of the larger and smaller states
John Locke advocated for what type of government?
Representative democracy
This system of government is where power resides in a body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by elected officers responsible for making decisions on behalf of the populace.
Republic
This type of theory most closely linked with Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau typically provides an observation on human nature, an observation on problems that arise because of a lack of government, and recommends a best form of government.
Social contract theory
This early Christian thinker created a dualistic vision of the universe that distinguished between the earthly city and the heavenly city when he wrote The City of God. What is the name of this theorist?
St. Augustine
Which of the following Christian theorist incorporated theories associated with Aristotle by bridging faith and reason in his classic work Summa Theologiae.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Hobbes advocated for which type of government?
Strong authoritarian government
What widely accepted view was Socrates attempting to debunk?
That might makes right
What does the full faith and credit clause call for among the states?
That they will recognize each other's laws and legal decisions
Theories associated with Karl Marx has a great influence on which of the following?
The Russian Revolution
In The Republic, Plato argues that the ideal republic and the human soul both comprise three critical parts. Plato links the craftspeople with which part of the human soul?
The appetites/desires
Aristotle argues that there are three distinct forms of human communities that natural evolve into more complex social arrangements. What are the three human communities according to Aristotle?
The family unit, the village, the polis (state)
One way the judicial branch can check the power of the legislative branch?
The federal courts can declare a law unconstitutional.
What is one way in which the executive branch can check the power of the legislative branch?
The president can veto a bill passed by Congress
Which of the following terms best describes a political system controlled by a particular religious entity?
Theocracy
What was the main handicap of the Anti-Federalists in their efforts to prevent the adoption of the US Constitution?
They had no alternative plan.
Why did the Founding Fathers choose a federal form of government?
They wanted to prevent the national government from dominating the states.
This political theorist argued that all human nature is driven by our pursuit of pleasures and an avoidance of pain?
Thomas Hobbes
This political theorist authored The Leviathan and tried to prove the correctness of Machiavelli's view that power and not justice is the key unit of analysis in politics.
Thomas Hobbes
____ classic test _____ sets out to prove the correctness of Machiavelli's contention that power rather than justice is the most important variable in studying politics.
Thomas Hobbes'; The Leviathan
"We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." This famous quote comes directly from which of the following?
Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence
What did James Madison assert were the core purposes the Constitution?
To enable the government to control the governed and itself
What principle did the Founding Fathers learn from Aristotle?
To merge the best attributes of different forms of government into one system.
Edmund Burke's belief that -- government should not attempt to change society, but that government should merely reflect changes that have already taken place in society-- helped shape this theoretical movement.
Traditional conservatism
Political Science is distinguished form other social sciences by a focus on power.
True
Precise concepts specification and clear, unambiguous theoretical reasoning are high priorities for writing Political Science research.
True
What principle of the Baron de Montesquieu did the Founding Fathers embrace in the Constitution?
Tyranny is more likely to occur if law-making and enforcement are placed in the same branch.
____________ described the ________ as an organization of well-educated political leaders for the global working class that would need to emerge and lead a worldwide, violent revolution against the capitalist class in order for communism to succeed.
Vladimir Lenin, Vanguard of the proletariat
Underlying cause of Shays' Rebellions
Widespread debt among farmers after the Revolutionary Wat
In The Republic, Plato argues that the guardians should rule the republic. Which three traits should a person have before entering into the guardian class?
Wisdom, courage, and restraint
Under the Articles of Confederation, where did most political power lie?
With the thirteen states
It is in part because of Plato's warnings against democracy that the word democracy does not appear in the US Constitution. Instead, Madison refers to the American system of government as which of the following?
a republic
A political system under which the economy, property, and major industries is owned and directed by the state (government) is referred to as which of the following?
communism
A political philosophy that tends to support traditional values and advocates change only in moderation is referred to as which of the following?
conservatism
Which of the following principles of managing data/evidence for Political Science research warns the scholar against questioning certain select, exclusive demographic groups while conducting a public opinion survey-- so as to drastically increase the likelihood of producing desired results?
external reliability
Which of the following principles of Political Science research implies that the scholar should conceptualize his or her theory so that empirical evidence could be discovered which undermines the validity of the theory. ( i.e.: What evidence could we reasonably expect to find if your theory is not valid?)
falsification
John Locke argued that the most important role of government is to protect which of the following?
individual rights, especially the right to own property.
Which of the following principles associated with managing data/evidence in Political Science research emphasizes that the scholar should not word survey questions in such a way so as to increase the likelihood of producing results which support his or her theory?
internal reliability
Which of following political ideologies believes that government should not interfere in the economic or social life of people except to provide police and military protection?
libertarianism
John Locke endorsed the belief in which of the following types of government?
limited
James Madison's Federalist Paper No. 10 was chiefly concerned about which of the following?
majority rule and minority rights
A system in which power is wielded by those who deserve it, based on their talents, industry, and success in competition rather than through membership of a certain social class or possession of wealth is referred to as which of the following?
meritocracy
A political system that is controlled by a small, exclusive group who govern in their own interests is referred to as which of the following?
oligarchy
A system of government in which a small group of people exercise control over the masses is referred to as which of the following?
oligarchy
Aristotle believed that the state is a natural outgrowth of our human development. He, in part, bases this on which of the following?
our natural desire to procreate and start a family
What is the name of the term used to describe the ancient Greek city-state where inhabitants shared common cultural, political, economic and religious customs?
polis
Which best described the delegates to the Constitutional Convention
rich, male, white property owners
Thomas Hobbes argues that life in the precontract state was
solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.
Political power can be broadly defined as which of the following?
the ability to get others to do what they would not do on their own.
Aristotle's assertion that we are "political animals" derived from his belief that...
the polis is a natural outgrowth of human development
How many amendments to the US Constitution have been passed and ratified to date?
twenty-seven
Harold Lasswell has defined politics as which of the following?
who gets what, when, and how?
