POLS TEST 3!!!!

According to Singer, while the systemic level produces a (1)______________________picture of international relations, the state level generates a (2)__________________image.

(1)comprehensive (2) less coherent

C) Domestic

"Democratic states are unlikely to go to war with each other." This statement constitutes an example of a(n) ______ level of analysis of war. A) Rational B) Interstate C) Domestic D) Individual

A) Pacific federation

According to Kant, a zone of peace has been established among liberal societies. What does he call this zone? A) Pacific federation B) World Peace C) Peaceful zone D) Pacific society

B) All of the above

According to Keohane and Martin, what is wrong with Mearsheimer's assertion that NATO and the EU are likely to decline following the end of the Cold War? A) NATO and the EU are now expanding their membership, and are therefore hardly in decline B) All of the above C) Mearsheimer's only explanation for the willingness of states to invest in these institutions is the delusion and hostility toward realism of American policymakers D) It disregards the significant material resources that major governments have invested in institutions like NATO, the EU, and GATT

A) When states can jointly benefit from cooperation

According to Keohane and Martin, when do states construct international institutions? A) When states can jointly benefit from cooperation B) Only when great powers are in need of a military alliance C) Only when great powers want to use these institutions to unilaterally enact their own foreign policy more efficiently D) Only when powerful states want to increase their trade position with less powerful states

A) True

According to Schumpeter, export monopolists push for imperialist expansion as a way to expand their closed markets A) True B) False

A) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings

According to the "clash of civilizations" thesis, ______. A) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings B) There is nothing inherent in cultural differences that would cause conflict C) Liberal democracies will prevail over other types of governance in the post-Cold War world D) Global financial crises will be the most important source of international conflict in the post-Cold War world

A) have full sovereignty over their own affairs

According to the UN Charter, states __________. A) have full sovereignty over their own affairs B) may have full independence and territorial integrity C) are not inherently equal under international law D) should take disputes to the International Court of Justice

Some scholars believe that former secretary of state John Foster Dulles had such great personal prejudice against communism that he always assumed the worst of Soviet decision makers. This is an example of _______________.

Affective bias

In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the US in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in

Afghanistan

In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the US in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in __________________

Afghanistan

The most important center of the nonviolent Sunni fundamentalist movement, called Salafis is currently in which country?

Afghanistan

The most important center of the nonviolent Sunni fundamentalist movement, called Salafis is currently in which country? A) Afghanistan B) Turkey C) Jordan D) Egypt

Afghanistan

As of 2011, which region of the world has hosted the most UN Peacekeeping Missions?

Africa

Which are two intergovernmental organizations?

African Union and NATO

The Republican takeover of Congress occurred during which of the following time periods?.

After the Cold War in 1994

The U.S. withdrew from which arms control treaty in 2002?

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

A) Danish

Anti-Western protests in 2006 after a _______ newspaper published offensive cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammed constitute an example of nationalist Islamist movement. A) Danish B) Finnish C) Canadian D) Swiss

Which of these statements best captures the logic of the predator argument as outlines by Wendt? A) predation is an inherent characteristic of all states in an anarchic world B) predatory states will not survive for long because all other states in the system will band together to destroy them C) anarchy causes predation D) logically, predation must derive from flaws in human nature E) it takes only one predator state in the system to force all other states in the system to behave in a predatory way

E) it takes only one predator state in the system to force all other states in the system to behave in a predatory way

Which of the following is identified by Doyle as "the basic postulates of liberal international theory"? A) strong states must protect the weak B) states have a duty to intervene when the basic rights of individuals are threatened anywhere in the world C) states have an obligation to respect the equal rights of their citizens D) there are certain universal human rights that must be respected by all states in the system E) states have the right to be free from foreign intervention

E) states have the right to be free from foreign intervention

What does Ghemawat's "10 Percent Presumption" presume? A) that only 10 percent of what is written by pronounce of globalization is accurate B) that about 10 percent of the books on globalization are worth reading C) that 10 percent is a reasonable cutoff point between a globalized and nonglobalized world D) that as levels of trade increase to over 10 percent of GDP, a country starts to feel the economic benefits of economic integration E) that on any indicator of globalization, the level of internationalization will be closer to 10 percent than 100 percent

E) that on any indicator of globalization, the level of internationalization will be closer to 10 percent than 100 percent

According to Walt, which of the following foreign policies makes the most sense in a balancing world? A) to attack others before they are strong enough to attack you B) to side with the most powerful and aggressive state in the system C) to behave as aggressively as possible in order to deter others from balancing against you D) to bandwagon with emerging threats E) to minimize the threat presented to others

E) to minimize the threat presented to others

The Berlin Wall was built by ___________.

East Germany

Marxist approaches to IR held that both IR and domestic politics arise from unequal relationships between _______________.

Economic Classes

Constructivists argue that state identities are constructed through socialization. Based on the definition of the term, which of the following are likely agents of socialization?

Education

Constructivists argue that state identities are constructed through socialization. Based on the definition of the term, which of the following are likely agents of socialization? A) Philanthropic institutions B) Private discourse C) Elements of power D) Education

Education

Congressional diplomacy

Efforts by the president to consult members of Congress at various stages of the foreign policy process. Seen as crucial to achieving White House goals in foreign policy

Which president warned the growing influence of the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech?

Eisenhower

Which president warned the growing influence of the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech? A) Kennedy B) Johnson C) Eisenhower D) Truman

Eisenhower

Which of the following is a function of the UN General Assembly?

Electing members of certain UN agencies

Who among the following is known as the father of the modern US Army as well as the "eastern foreign policy establishment" that provides the platform for the ideas that dominated US foreign policy since the 1890s?

Elihu Root

What is the difference between bandwagoning and balancing, according to Walt? A) Balancing is the most successful strategy. B) Balancing involves aligning with others against a prevailing threat, while bandwagoning involves aligning itself with the threat itself. C) Bandwagoning is a less dangerous strategy than balancing. D) Bandwagoning occurs only when a threat emerges, whereas balancing is the natural state of the international system. E) Balancing is rational, while bandwagoning is irrational.

B) Balancing involves aligning with others against a prevailing threat, while bandwagoning involves aligning itself with the threat itself.

The first Cold War flashpoint between the US and the USSR came over the question of blockade over which German city? A) Bonn B) Berlin C) Stuttgart D) Hamburg

B) Berlin

Which of the following terms best describes the real-world foreign policy makers faced with a rigid institutional environment, a lack of information, and competing values that engage in "satisficing"? A) Groupthink B) Bounded rationality C) Selective perception D) Cognitive dissonance

B) Bounded rationality

In 1973, US-USSR trade agreement faced bipartisan resistance from Congress led by A) William Fulbright and Henry Jackson B) Charles Vanik and Henry Jackson C) Charles Vanik and Daniel Ellsberg D) John Forster Dulles and Joseph McCarthy E) William Fulbright and Joseph McCarthy

B) Charles Vanik and Henry Jackson

In 1972, which communist government did the United States, under President Nixon, recognize as legitimate? A) Japan B) China C) Soviet Union D) North Vietnam

B) China

Which statement is characteristic of guerrilla war? A) Civilians often expose the guerrillas to opposing forces B) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces C) Guerrilla fighters directly confront the enemy army D) Guerrilla fighters do not control any specific territory

B) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces

Why might bilateral cooperation be more difficult to achieve than multilateral? A) There are fewer players involved. B) Concerns over relative gains loom large when there are only two major players. C) There are more powerful players involved. D) Multilateral bargains usually deal with relatively uncontroversial issues. E) Both players fear the other may defect from any agreement reached.

B) Concerns over relative gains loom large when there are only two major players.

The functions of the United Nations include which of the following? A) Providing a forum in which tribes can settle disputes without the use of force B) Coordinating information and planning by international agencies and programs C) Promoting oceanic and forestry development in the global South D) Coercing states into abiding by international law

B) Coordinating information and planning by international agencies and programs

Which of the following is not one of the three assumptions of the Almond-Lippmann consensus discussed in your text with regard to U.S. foreign policy? A) Volatile B) Critical C) Irrelevant D) Incoherent

B) Critical

Which of the following is the best example of U.S. coercive diplomacy? A) North Korea nuclear weapons tests B) Cuban missile crisis C) Vietnamese peace talks

B) Cuban missile crisis

Which of the following actions was not part of the new isolationism movement in Congress? A) The Senate's rejection of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty B) Cuts in security aid & arms transfers C) Monetary cuts in foreign operations budget D) Refusal to pay UN dues

B) Cuts in security aid & arms transfers

__________ is NOT a necessary component of a state A) Territory B) Democracy

B) Democracy

How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism?

B) Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities.

President Taft's policy of "dollar diplomacy" was modeled on US actions in which Central American country? A) Nicaragua B) Dominican Republic C) Haiti D) Costa Rica

B) Dominican Republic

The Berlin Wall was built by ___________. A) Russia B) East Germany C) the United States D) West Germany

B) East Germany

Which president warned the growing influence of the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech? A) Truman B) Eisenhower C) Kennedy D) Johnson

B) Eisenhower

Who among the following is known as the father of the modern US Army as well as the "eastern foreign policy establishment" that provides the platform for the ideas that dominated US foreign policy since the 1890s? A) Theodore Roosevelt B) Elihu Root C) McKinley D) Seward

B) Elihu Root

Pessimists of human nature dismiss balance of power as an unworkable concept.

B) False

According to public opinion polls, which of the following does the general or mass public support the least? A) The United Nations B) Foreign aid C) The Kyoto Protocol D) The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

B) Foreign aid

What statement best summarizes Rodrik's position on free trade? A) Conventional economics does not apply to free trade. B) Free trade depends on the context and has both limitations and advantages. C) Free trade will make most people better off in the long run. D) Even if some people lose income in a free trade economy, they can be compensated. E) Free trade is too complicated and not worth the risks or drawbacks

B) Free trade depends on the context and has both limitations and advantages.

Which public official was the architect of détente and also served as President Nixon's national security adviser? A) George Kennan B) Henry Kissinger C) Brent Scowcroft D) Zbigniew Brzezinski

B) Henry Kissinger

How does a zero-sum game compare to a non-zero sum game? A) In a zero-sum game, both players win, whereas in a non-zero sum game, both players lose. B) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose. C) Zero-sum games are more typical in international political economy, whereas non-zero-sum games are more typical in international security. D) In a zero-sum game, one players' gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, players' gains and losses cancel each other out.

B) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose.

Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purpose? A) Markets illustrate the importance of hierarchy, which is the ordering principle of the structure of international politics B) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer C) States, like markets, are subject to the law of supply and demand D) Markets, like the international system, are subject to instability E) The concept of the market help capture some of the complexities of international politics

B) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer

Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purpose? A) States, like markets, are subject to the law of supply and demand B) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer C) The concept of the market help capture some of the complexities of international politics D) Markets, like the international system, are subject to instability E) Markets illustrate the importance of hierarchy, which is the ordering principle of the structure of international politics

B) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer

Which of the following philosophers warned of the tyranny of the majority? A) Jeremy Bentham B) J.S. Mill C) Thomas Hobbes D) Joseph Schumpeter

B) J.S. Mill

Nuclear weapons are of little utility in advancing US foreign policy goals. Hence, the US military should develop conventional capabilities to fight "limited wars". This was the view introduced to American strategic thinking under which President? A) Nixon B) John F. Kennedy C) Harry Truman D) Theodore Roosevelt

B) John F Kennedy

The Alliance for Progress program was directed towards_________________________. A) South-East Asia B) Latin America C) Middle East D) Africa

B) Latin America

The Monroe Doctrine sought to limit the influence of the great powers of Europe over which countries? A) Greece and Turkey B) Less-developed countries in Latin America C) Less-developed countries in Middle East D) China and Japan

B) Less-developed countries in Latin America

Studies have shown that which of the following statements is true regarding the "gender gap" in U.S. foreign policy attitudes? A) Men favor free-trade and open-market issues more than women do. B) Men favor military intervention more than women do. C) Women favor military intervention more than men do. D) Women favor international institutions more than men do.

B) Men favor military intervention more than women do

With the exception of Canada, to which of the following countries does the United States export the most goods and services? A) Germany B) Mexico C) Japan D) China

B) Mexico

What was the Soviet counterpart to the Marshall plan? A) Warsaw pact B) Molotov plan C) Stalin plan

B) Molotov Plan

Overall, the U.S. foreign policy process generally operates under which of the following conditions? A) Policy groups with rational and strategic actors B) Multiple, constraining, and competing interests

B) Multiple, constraining and competing interests

Which of the following historical analogies did decision makers utilize when debating the intervention in Vietnam? A) The Korean War B) Munich 1938 C) The Prague Spring D) Pearl Harbor

B) Munich 1938

Why did US avoid launching an attack against Germany across the English Channel till 1944? A) Opposition of the Soviet Union B) Opposition of Great Britain C) Opposition of France

B) Opposition of Great Britain

Carl von Clausewitz argued that war was which of the following? A) Inevitable B) Political C) Quick D) Avoidable

B) Political

The most crucial aspect of _____ is demobilizing and disarming militias A) International organizations B) Postwar transition C) Economic reconstruction D) Representing factions

B) Postwar transition

From Fearon's perspective, why is it preferable for states to choose peace over war? A) War always has costs. B) Preparation for war is far greater than preparation for peace. C) States generally have enough information about the adversary to guarantee peaceful relations. D) Peace treaties always produce better consequences than war

B) Preparation for war is far greater than preparation for peace.

Which term best describes the 2003 invasion of Iraq led by the United States? A) Just war B) Preventive war C) War of necessity D) Preemptive war

B) Preventive war

Which of the following can be cited as the most proximate events that triggered the outbreak of the Spanish-American war? There can be more than one correct answer.

B) Publication of a private letter of Spanish minister in Washington C) Explosion of the battleship USS Maine in the Havana harbor

According to John G. Stoessinger, which of the following presidents would not be considered a pragmatist?

B) Ronald Reagan

_______ is characterized by the principle that people who identify as a nation should have the right to create a state and pursue sovereignty over their affairs. A) Ethnicity B) Self-determination C) Territorial expansion D) Fascism

B) Self-determination

Piracy has become a problem in what region of the world? A) The Straits of Antigua near Sierra Leone B) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia C) South of the Cape of Good Hope near South Africa D) The western Mediterranean near Gibraltar

B) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia

Which is NOT an assumption of realism, according to Mearsheimer? A) States can never be certain about the intentions of other states B) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions C) The international system is characterized by anarchy D) The most basic motive driving states is survival

B) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

Rationality implies which of the following? A) State's' decisions always have beneficial consequences B) States are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices. C) States can identify their interests and put priorities on them.

B) States are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices.

Fearon says states have incentives to misrepresent their capabilities and resolve. What are these incentives? A) They hope their misrepresentation will focus the adversary away from their weakness B) States misrepresent because it gives them a first-strike advantage C) States misrepresent because they want their adversaries to respect them

B) States misrepresent because it gives them a first-strike advantage

What was the first U.S. grand strategy? A) Coercive diplomacy B) Strategic detachment C) Flexible response D) New look

B) Strategic detachment

Which of the following domestic constituencies supported the Teller amendment?

B) Supporters of Cuban independence from Spain C) Sugar barons

When did the leaders of the "big three" allied powers that fought on the same side during World War II have their first meeting to discuss postwar strategy? A) Brettenwoods, 1945 B) Tehran, 1943 C) Dumbarton Oaks, 1944

B) Tehran, 1943

Which piece of legislation passed by Congress in 1972 required presidents to report all international agreements to Congress within sixty days of their entering into force? A) The War Powers Resolution B) The Case-Zablocki Act C) The Nelson-Bingham Amendment D) The Jackson-Vanik Amendment

B) The Case-Zablocki Act

The Marshall Plan was a policy or organization designed to fight ________________. A) detente B) The Soviet Union C) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization D) Nazi Germany

B) The Soviet Union

Which of the following events sparked the antiwar movement during the Vietnam War? A) The Bay of Pigs invasion B) The Tet Offensive C) The Gulf of Tonkin incident D) The election of Richard Nixon

B) The Tet Offensive

Which of the following is not an example of foreign policy procedural legislation? A) The Trade Act of 1974 B) The USA PATRIOT Act C) Creation of the Government Accountability Office D) Restructuring of the State Department

B) The USA PATRIOT Act

Under the Bush administration, public opinion surveys revealed a divine divide in public opinion, as evidenced by which of the following statements? A) The belief by Muslim Americans that the administration should support a two-state solution in Israel B) The belief by Christians that the U.S. was "doing the right thing" in foreign policy C) The belief by Jewish and Muslim Americans that the administration should be more receptive to open immigration policies D) The belief by frequent Christian churchgoers that Muslims are a generally peaceful people

B) The belief by Christians that the U.S. was "doing the right thing" in foreign policy

Which of the following statements summarizes the political impact of the Pentagon Papers leak? A) Congress could not conduct hearings regarding President Nixon's withholding of national security information because of the political nature of the issue. B) The general impression among the public that successive administrations had appeared to mislead the American people about the Vietnam War and the success attained was strengthened C) President Nixon ability to claim executive privilege to withhold information on the grounds that it represented national security interests was strengthened. D) The anti-war movement demanding an end to US involvement in Vietnam was weakened.

B) The general impression among the public that successive administrations had appeared to mislead the American people about the Vietnam War & the success attained was strengthened

Why might a state choose war over peace, according to Fearon? A) a state may pursue war as a power play B) a state might have imperfect information about how its abilities and resolve compare to that of its adversary C) a state may be unwilling to invest in the time it takes to establish peace agreements

B) a state might have imperfect information about how its abilities and resolve compare to that of its adversary

According to Waltz, an understanding of international politics requires A) a system theory that incorporates social factors in its concept of international politics B) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system C) a system theory that addresses the idealogical commitments of states D) a systems theory that incorporates questions regarding the military interactions of states E) a systems theory that incorporates economic factors into its concept of international politics

B) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system

Diversionary foreign policy is ____________. A) trying to confuse an adversary by sending mixed policy signals B) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues C) trying to influence elite opinions, which will, in turn, influence mass opinion D) lobbying foreign governments to change their foreign policy

B) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

Which of the following would be sufficient to constitute a change in the structure of the international system, as defined by Waltz? A) a significant increase in trade dependence among states in the system B) an increase in the number of great powers in the system from two to four C) the system's four great powers forming two large alliances D) the emergence of a new international organization, such as the United Nations, that contains all states as members

B) an increase in the number of great powers in the system from two to four

Most modern alliances _________________. A) exist for one issue at one time B) are formalized in written treaties C) are often broken without consequences D) concern military and economic issues

B) are formalized in written treaties

The _______ theory held that communist victories would multiply and that each country to fall to communism would put neighboring states at risk. A) deterrence B) domino C) detente D) containment

B) domino

When Yugoslavia fell apart_____________ A) an arms embargo was places on heavily armed Serbia, while Bosnia was allowed to build up its arsenal so each side would be more equal B) ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes C) European countries joined forces and sent troops to defend the borders of the newly independent, sovereign states D) UN peacekeeping troops intervened and were able to keep casualties to a minimum

B) ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes

Ideology _______. A) decreases conflicts between states more than it causes them B) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do C) causes conflict more frequently than any other factor D) tends to increase in importance after a revolution, replaced by national interests

B) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do

Public opinion ___________. A) has greater force in authoritarian governments that in democracies B) has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments C) influences foreign policy decisions but is not influenced by them D) has more effect on foreign policy than domestic policy in democracies

B) has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

Congress imposed ______________ tariffs in the 1920s. A) low B) high

B) high

Modern realist theory developed in reaction to _________________.

B) idealism

Citizens of a given ethnic background are among a number of _________________ which might form the lobby government on foreign policy. A) propagandists B) interest groups C) pollsters D) government leaders

B) interest groups

States are not supposed to meddle in the ______________ and decision process of other states. A) maritime regimes B) internal affairs C) alliances D) philanthropic affairs

B) internal affairs

The _________level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes, whereas the _________ level of analysis concerns the influence of trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states upon outcomes. A) global, individual B) interstate, global C) individual, global D) domestic, interstate

B) interstate, global

Military power may be said to have a high degree of fungibility because A) it can free a state from outside influence B) it affords a state a higher position of power in the political realm C) it allows a state to gain influence by aligning with stronger states D) it operates at the same level of power as wealth and political skill

B) it affords a state a higher position of power in the political realm

In Art's view, which of a state's assets is most fungible? A) its military power B) its economic wealth C) its political leadership

B) its economic wealth

What does Art mean by the term task insufficient? A) whether or not instruments of statecraft are sufficient to achieve objectives depends on the task at hand B) no instrument of statecraft, when used alone, is ever sufficient to achieve significant foreign policy objective C) the sufficiency of single instruments of statecraft to achieve an objective depends on the nature of the objective

B) no instrument of statecraft, when used alone, is ever sufficient to achieve significant foreign policy objective

Recently, North Korea and Iran were players in recent crises involving _____________ A) massive oil spills B) nuclear weapons programs C) arms sales to Nepal D) overthrown governments

B) nuclear weapons programs

The ___________ model of decision-making relies on standard operating procedures. A) rational B) organizational-process C) risk aversion D) individual

B) organizational-process

According to IR research, a unipolar power distribution appears to be best at maintaining _________________. A) diplomacy B) peace

B) peace

The ability to get another actor to do what it would not otherwise have done, or not to do what it would have done is the definition of ______. A) rationality B) power C) realism D) anarchy

B) power

The U.S. attempted to contain the Soviet Union influence around the world after WWII by ___________. A) maintaining military bases and alliances only in Europe, close to the Soviet borders B) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe C) splitting with China D) staging missile tests in the Arctic to intimidate the Soviets

B) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe

How do dominance and reciprocity compare as solutions to collective-goods problems? Dominance ____________. A) forms the basis of most institutions in the international system, whereas reciprocity has limited applications B) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy C) is the basis of cooperation in IR, whereas reciprocity typically leads to conflict D) has advantages and disadvantages, whereas reciprocity has only advantages

B) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy

Which of the following flows from Fearon's assumption that states are rational actors? A) states make foreign policy choices based on objective analysis of their self-interest B) states prefer peace to war because it is less costly and risky C) wars are the result of mistakes rather than state choices D) states leaders make most of their choices in the state's best interests

B) states prefer peace to war because it is less costly and risky

The concept of groupthink suggests that the _______________ the decision-making affect(s) the outcome. A) timing of B) structural context of C) information available for

B) structural context of

US-Japan trade disputes during the Nixon administration pertained to A) electronics B) textiles C) automobiles D) sea food

B) textiles

Politicians have a difficult time running formal bureaucratic agencies because ________________.

B) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control

Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than large groups? A) small groups want to cooperate more than large groups B) the defection of one member is harder to conceal C) small groups tend to have a central authority to enforce rules on members D) the defection of one member has a smaller impact on the overall collective good

B) the defection of one member is harder to conceal

With respect to power ______________. A) it isn't difficult to accurately measure the power of another state B) the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state C) if a state's own values become widely shared among other states, it's harder to exercise power over them D) more powerful states will always defeat weaker states in a war

B) the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state

Public support for involvement in a war __________. A) typically starts low and increases over the long run B) typically starts high and decreases over the long run C) typically starts high and continues to remain high D) will typically not affect the popularity ratings of a country's leader

B) typically starts high and decreases over the long run

Under which condition are states more likely to bandwagon than balance? A) when the outcome of a war is undetermined B) when a weak state is located in close proximity to a strong state C) when a threat is great, states will stand alone as a statement of strength. D) when a state is holds strong philosophical positions E) when allies are readily available

B) when a weak state is located in close proximity to a strong state

According to the concept of bounded rationality, decision makers ________________. A) will choose the best response to a situation B) will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria C) use historical analogies in responding to a situation D) make choices within the boundaries established by groups within the government

B) will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria

Why does Frankel argue that international trade may have the effect of reducing income inequality within countries? A) Countries that trade more tend to be more democratic, so the people are able to exert pressure on governments to redistribute income. B) Workers tend to benefit more from trade than the owners of capital do. C) Trade makes countries richer, and richer countries can afford to adopt income redistribution policies. D) Trade allows countries to import cheap consumer goods, allowing the poor to enjoy a better standard of living. E) Trade tends to increase a country's overall income, making everyone better off.

C) Trade makes countries richer, and richer countries can afford to adopt income redistribution policies.

Which of the following great powers protested Russian treatment of the Jews? A) Great Britain B) France C) United States

C) United States

During the Cold War, US foreign policy setbacks in ____________ led Congress to become more assertive in the foreign policy process. A) Angola B) Iran C) Vietnam D) Cuba

C) Vietnam

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the _________.

C) Warsaw Pact

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the _________. A) Eastern Alliance B) Council for Mutual Economic Assistance C) Warsaw Pact

C) Warsaw Pact

According to Waltz, an understanding of international politics requires A) a systems theory that incorporates questions regarding the military interactions of states B) a system theory that incorporates social factors in its concept of international politics C) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system D) a system theory that addresses the ideological commitments of states E) a systems theory that incorporates economic factors into its concept of international politics

C) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system

Some scholars believe that former secretary of state John Foster Dulles had such great personal prejudice against communism that he always assumed the worst of Soviet decision makers. This is an example of _______________. A) wishful thinking B) cognitive bias C) affective bias

C) affective bias

Groupthink is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately ___________ since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think the others support. A) utilizing reverse psychology B) controlling the agenda C) assessing consequences D) applying internal dissonance

C) assessing consequences

The post-Cold War era is _______________. A) less complex and more predictable than the Cold War period B) characterized by a less global international economy C) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease D) less peaceful than the Cold War period

C) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease

International relations ___________ A) involves only presidents, generals, and diplomats B) is largely concerned with bilateral relations between states C) concerns the relationships among the world's governments D) influences daily life only when war occurs

C) concerns the relationships among the world's governments

The theory that focuses on the importance of structure of the international system, rather than the internal makeup of individual states, is known as ___________. A) neorealism B) neoliberal institutionalism C) constructivism D) the English school

C) constructivism

Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They ___________________. A) are trying to maintain instability in the international system B) believe that a balance of power provides peace C) don't trust each other D) believe that a balance of power provides influence

C) don't trust each other

Perhaps the most crucial source of conflict in the various wars currently taking place all over the world is _______. A) Forestry resources B) Kinship C) Ethnic conflict D) Fascism

C) ethnic conflict

Cognitive bias refers to the limitations of the ________ in making choices. A) government leaders B) diplomats C) human brain D) military

C) human brain

Citizens of a given ethnic background are among a number of _________________ which might form the lobby government on foreign policy. A) pollsters B) propagandists C) interest groups D) government leaders

C) interest groups

When Art refers to force as being "fungible" he means that A) it is more flexible than economic power B) it is more useful to a state than economic power C) it can be used for a variety of tasks in a variety of contexts

C) it can be used for a variety of tasks in a variety of contexts

Which of the following is an element of prospect theory? Decision makers ___________________. A) attach their own feelings onto another actor B) assess the value of other decision makers C) use a reference point for comparison

C) use a reference point for comparison

Which President asserted the following maxim of US foreign policy: "The business of America is business"

Calvin Coolidge

The basis of Schumpeter's theory of liberal pacifism is _____

Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

The basis of Schumpeter's theory of liberal pacifism is _____ A) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war B) Authoritarian leaders choose war less frequently than democratically elected leaders C) War is in the interest of democratically elected leaders D) Democracies go to war for glory

Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

Covert US backing of the anti-Soviet mujaheedeen in Afghanistan was begun under President_______________. A) Carter B) Reagan C) Ford D) Nixon

Carter

The treaty over the Panama Canal triggered a domestic backlash against President ______________________. A) Ford B) Johnson C) Nixon D) Carter

Carter

Trilateral commission was influential in determining the worldview of the administration of President _________________. A) Carter B) Kennedy C) Johnson D) Nixon

Carter

Which president mediated a treaty between Israel and Egypt represented a key moment in the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict? A) Nixon B) Carter C) Ford D) Johnson

Carter

Which president mediated a treaty between Israel and Egypt represented a key moment in the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict? A) Nixon B) Carter C) Ford D) Johnson Carter

Carter

B) False

Conflicts over the control of entire states are relatively unlikely to lead to the use of force. A) True B) False

Oversight

Congress's ability enhanced in the 1970s & 1980s to monitor the president's conduct of foreign policy

Case-Zablocki Act

Congressional bill passed in 1972 requiring presidents to report all international agreements to Congress within 60 days of their entering into force

The passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by President Clinton can best be described as an example of which of the following? A) Electoral calculations B) Divided government C) Congressional diplomacy D) Logrolling

Congressional diplomacy

Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs)

Consistent, routine measures for addressing commonly encountered problems in public policy. Stress continuity over change & a high level of internal order

What was the main foreign policy strategy during the Cold War? A) Primacy B) Isolationism C) Unilateralism D) Containment

Containment

Which of the following is a tangible interest over which conflict might occur?

Control of governments

Which of the following is a tangible interest over which conflict might occur? A) Control of governments B) Religious differences C) Gender differences D) Military culture

Control of governments

B) Spratly

Control of the _________ Islands in the South China Sea is a source of conflict among several countries. A) East Timor B) Spratly C) Macau D) Malvinas

Who among the following is credited with articulating that controlling the seas should be the cornerstone of US foreign policy? A) John O' Sullivan B) Jacob Coxey C) Alfred Thayer Mahan D) Henry Cabot Lodge

C) Alfred Thayer Mahan About Mahan..."While putting together a course in naval history, he wrote his classic 'The Influence of Seapower upon History' (1890). Mahan argued that the United States must abandon its defensive, 'continentalist' strategy based on harbor defense and commerce raiding for a more outward-looking approach." Pg. 303

President George H. W. Bush's comparison of Saddam Hussein to Adolph Hitler is part of which of the following decision-making mechanisms? A) Cognitive consistency B) Selective perception C) Analogy D) Cognitive closure

C) Analogy

Which of the following business magnates was opposed to US occupation of the Philippines? A) Henry Ford B) Walt Disney C) Andrew Carnegie

C) Andrew Carnegie

In the 1970s, congressional investigation into the CIA's operational practices derailed US involvement in which country? A) Pakistan B) South Africa C) Angola D) Afghanistan

C) Angola

Which of the following terms are a correct conceptualization of the role of national actors within the international system level of analysis?

C) Billiard Ball D) Black box

Which of the following was a group of Jewish-Americans that carried out the first sustained lobbying campaign to sway American public opinion and Congress to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine? A) Yalta association B) Brettenwoods group C) Biltmore group D) Century group

C) Biltmore group

Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, the president & Congress saw which of the following? A) New isolationism B) Gridlock C) Bipartisanship D) Partisanship

C) Bipartisanship

What is the difference between a pre-emptive and a preventive use of force? A) A pre-emptive use of force is launched because an opponent's attack is considered inevitable; a preventive use of force is launched when the attack is considered more likely to occur. B) Preventive wars are launched without provocation. C) Both assume that an opponent's attack is inevitable, but a pre-emptive use of force assumes that the attack is imminent.

C) Both assume that an opponent's attack is inevitable, but a pre-emptive use of force assumes that the attack is imminent.

Which of the following is a strategy that can prevent groupthink? A) Bypassing relevant agencies B) Limiting the number of advisers C) Bringing in external advisers D) Appealing to the majority interest

C) Bringing in external advisers

The UN peacekeeping mission in _______ took over actual control of the government after a long civil war until elections could be held to choose a new government.

C) Cambodia

"Open Door" was the name given to US policy A) Mexico B) Philippines C) China D) Haiti

C) China

Which of the following is a tangible interest over which conflict might occur? A) Gender differences B) Religious differences C) Control of governments D) Military culture

C) Control of governments

Which of the following events in the post-WWII period probably brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war? A) Korean War B) U.S. involvement in Vietnam C) Cuban Missile Crisis D) Building of the Berlin Wall

C) Cuban Missile Crisis

Which of the following statements regarding the use of technology in the military is true? A) Electronic warfare refers to the uses of nuclear spectrum in war B) War has become more deadly over the years C) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control D) Naval technology uses special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, and ships to scatter enemy radar

C) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control

Which of the following is a critique of the assumption of rationality? A) States arrive at decisions through their strongest leader, which is also known as the unitary-actor assumption. B) It is relatively easy to determine the national interest, because all states are interested in power C) Decision-makers often lack necessary information to accurately estimate the cost of an action D) It is easy to calculate intangible political benefits against the tangible costs of war

C) Decision-makers often lack necessary information to accurately estimate the cost of an action

"Democratic states are unlikely to go to war with each other." This statement constitutes an example of a(n) ______ level of analysis of war. A) Rational B) Individual C) Domestic D) Interstate

C) Domestic

The boycott of Cuban products and exports is best described as an example of which of the following concepts? A) Economic nationalism B) Comparative advantage C) Economic sanction D) Economic liberalism

C) Economic sanction

Which president warned the growing influence of the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech? A) Johnson B) Kennedy C) Eisenhower D) Truman

C) Eisenhower

Which of the following was not a result of the 1970 institutional reforms to Congress? A) Increased fragmentation in policy decision making B) Less powerful seniority system C) Fewer inroads for interest groups D) More foreign policy committes & subcommittees

C) Fewer inroads for interest groups

The Bay of Pigs operation organized by the CIA was intended to depose which ruler? A) Allende B) Suharto C) Fidel Castro D) Sukarno E) Nasser

C) Fidel Castro

The concept of smart sanctions refers to which of the following policy actions? A) Allowing U.S. imports into a country while restricting that country's exports into the United States B) Developing multilateral punishments rather than unilateral ones C) Focusing on punishing elites and government leaders D) Offering concessions for good behavior and change by states

C) Focusing on punishing elites & governments leaders

Which of the following might be a key aspect of a decision-making process that involves informal consultations? A) Visiting states leaders B) Rigorous control of agenda C) Friends outside of the government D) Active debate

C) Friends outside of the government

Which American secretary of state is famous for "shuttle diplomacy"? A) Condoleezza Rice B) Hillary Rodham Clinton C) Henry Kissinger D) Colin Powell

C) Henry Kissinger

Which of the following is consistent with the activities pursued in the process of rational decision-making? A) Divergent interests B) Utilization of standardized responses C) Identification of alternatives

C) Identification of alternatives

Which of the following is an example of a transnational actor? A) The US State Department B) National trade unions C) Intergovernmental organizations

C) Intergovernmental organizations

What is the "democratic deficit" identified by Keohane? A) International institutions are generally not effective at promoting democracy around the world. B) Many institutions are dominated by powerful states that do not represent a majority of the world's population. C) International institutions have immense power but are run by unelected elites who are not accountable to ordinary people.

C) International institutions have immense power but are run by unelected elites who are not accountable to ordinary people.

War between _______ within a state trying to create, or prevent, a new government for the entire state or some part of it is civil war

Factions

True of False The Century Group advocated for the continuation of the US policy of non-interventionism in European conflicts

Fale

The _____ Islands are a historical example of the control of small islands causing potentially serious interstate territorial disputes.

Falkland

A current example of religious conflict is the use of force by the Sri Lanken government against Tibetans. (T/F)

False

With respect to regimes, which of the following statements is true? A) The concept of international regimes includes elements of liberalism but not realism. B) International regimes assist states in realizing their interests even when they could do so through unilateral Apply What You Know leverage. C) International regimes coordinate the behavior of states to assist them in overcoming collective-goods problems. D) International regimes are actors that are more important in the international system than are states.

C) International regimes coordinate the behavior of states to assist them in overcoming collective-goods problems.

After the First World War, Allied powers accepted the principle of self-determination as the guiding principle for organizing and creating new nations in Europe with disparate ethnic groups.

False

Shi'ite Muslims live predominantly in ______. A) Southern Libya, Kuwait, and Qatar B) Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Jordan C) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain D) The United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Afghanistan

C) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain

What is the impact of state sovereignty on the United Nations? A) It creates an opportunity for the UN to use the dominance principle when dealing with states B) It enhances the power of the UN because states rely on it C) It creates a need for the UN because it provides services that no single state would D) It allows the UN to use armed force for humanitarian purposes

C) It creates a need for the UN because it provides services that no single state would

Violent clashes of anti-war protesters with the National Guard in which American university became a rallying point for the public opposition against the Vietnam War? A) Michigan State B) Wayne State C) Kent State D) Colorado State

C) Kent State

Which among the following scholars believed that increased knowledge of other cultures will lead to peaceful cooperation among all people? A) Kenneth Waltz B) John Locke C) Lawrence Frank D) Hans Morgantheau

C) Lawrence Frank

An identity solution to the collective goods problem in international relations can be explained by objective, material self-interest of some nation-states.

False

Which of the liberal traditions outlined by Doyle does Kant belong to? A) Liberal militarism B) Liberal pacifism C) Liberal internationalism D) Liberal imperialism

C) Liberal internationalism

With respect to conventional forces, which of the following is true? A) In most armed forces, the minority of soldiers are involved in logistics B) Electronics, especially radar, are relied on most by artillery C) Marines move to battle in ships but fight on land D) Infantry, armor, and blacksmiths are part of armies

C) Marines move to battle in ships but fight on land

How is a middle power distinguished from a great power? A) Middle powers don't have nuclear weapons, whereas great powers do B) Middle powers operate in a balance-of-power system, whereas great powers operate in a hegemonic system C) Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities D) Middle powers can be small geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers cannot be small geographically

C) Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities

According to Waltz, an example of a philosopher that "explains the ills of the world in the evils of man" is A) Plato B) Hegel C) Milton D) Rousseau

C) Milton

Which of the following historical analogies did decision makers utilize when debating the intervention in Vietnam? A) The Korean War B) Pearl Harbor C) Munich 1938 D) The Prague Spring

C) Munich 1938

Which of the following foreign-policy-related positions is not subject to Senate confirmation? A) Attorney general B) Secretary of defense C) National security adviser D) Ambassador to the United Nations

C) National security adviser

Which of the following scholars/philosophers does NOT hold a pessimistic view of human nature? A) Reinhold Niebuhr B) Hans Morgentheu C) Norman Angell D) Spinoza E) St. Augustine

C) Norman Angell

Which of the following agreements established free trade among the United States, Canada, and Mexico? A) Smoot-Hawley Act B) Helms-Burton Act C) North American Free Trade Agreement D) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

C) North American Free Trade Agreement

The U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is equivalent to which of the following? A) Four times the U.S. GDP during the Cold War B) Roughly equal to that of the European Union C) One-quarter of the global total of all goods and services produced D) Roughly equal to that of all East Asian countries combined

C) One-quarter of the global total of all goods & services produced

Kellogg-Briand pact was intended to achieve which objective? A) Reducing reparations on Germany B) Reducing tariff C) Outlawing war D) Increasing tariff

C) Outlawing war

According to Kant, a zone of peace has been established among liberal societies. What does he call this zone? A) Pacific society B) World Peace C) Pacific federation D) Peaceful zone

C) Pacific federation

In 2011 Libyan revolutionaries fought dictator Muammar Gaddafi, eventually receiving support from NATO and the U.S., leading to a rebel victory. This is an example in the altering of what? A) Asymmetric warfare B) Global influence C) Power estimation D) State equality

C) Power estimation

Which elements of Fearon's argument flows from his concept of the international system as anarchic? A) States may lack capabilities to launch preventive wars. B) The presence of hierarchy limits negotiated agreements between states. C) Preventive wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state. D) Anarchy precludes order, thereby negating any possibility of cooperation between states.

C) Preventive wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state.

Which of the following can be cited as the most proximate events that triggered the outbreak of the Spanish-American war? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Spanish policy of herding Mexican peasants in fortified areas B) Killing of thousands of Spanish forces by Mexican rebels C) Publication of a private letter of Spanish minister in Washington D) Explosion of the battleship USS Maine in the Havana harbor

C) Publication of a private letter of Spanish minister in Washington D) Explosion of the battleship USS Maine in the Havana harbor

How can liberal theories of IR be distinguished from realism? A) Realists favor absolute gains, whereas liberals favor relative gains. B) Realism is less likely to believe in the unitary-actor assumption than liberal theories. C) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally. D) Realism believes people learn from negative historical events, whereas liberalists believe they learn from positive ones.

C) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally.

Which of the following is not of formal congressional foreign policy powers? A) Confirming foreign ambassadors B) Advising & consent on treaties C) Recognizing foreign governments D) Power of the purse

C) Recognizing foreign governments

The Bolshevik government of Russia challenged which of the founding principles of the US political and social system? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Welfarism B) Progressivism C) Religious freedom D) Respect for private property

C) Religious freedom D) Respect for private property

Which of the following is a permanent member of the UN Security Council? A) Colombia B) Japan C) Russia D) Wales

C) Russia

Which of the following statements regarding aircraft carriers is false? A) They are used as an instrument to imply a threat to use force B) They are extremely expensive C) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers D) They are instruments of power projection

C) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers

Which of the following is the best example of conservatism in bureaucratic politics? A) California's adoption of a state energy policy B) Tensions between the State Department and the White House under the Reagan administration C) Secretary Rumsfeld's failed attempts to transform the military D) Internal divisions in the State Department during the Vietnam War

C) Secretary Rumsfeld's failed attempts to transform the military

Which of the following is an aspect of cognitive psychology as it relates to studying U.S. foreign policy? A) Cognitive disclosure B) Cognitive delusion C) Selective perception

C) Selective perception

Which of the following is a characteristic of a political structure that is hierarchically ordered? A) Power is widely dispersed across units B) No one unit has power over another C) Some units command, whereas others obey D) There are checks and balances on the power of the units E) All units are equal in terms of capabilities

C) Some units command, whereas others obey

Rationality implies which of the following? A) States can identify their interests and put priorities on them. B) States' decisions always have beneficial consequences C) States are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices.

C) States are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices.

Which statement about Islamist movements is false? A) Islamists reject Western-oriented secular states in favor of governments more explicitly oriented to Islamic values B) Some Islamists aspire to create a single political state encompassing most of the Middle East C) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement D) Not all Islamist groups are violent

C) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement

Which statement about Islamist movements is false? A) Some Islamists aspire to create a single political state encompassing most of the Middle East B) Islamists reject Western-oriented secular states in favor of governments more explicitly oriented to Islamic values C) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement D) Not all Islamist groups are violent

C) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement

___________is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity often A) Iraq B) Western Sahara C) Taiwan D) Israel

C) Taiwan

The Iran-Contra scandal resulted from the activities of which government agency? A) The National Security Agency (NSA) B) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) C) The National Security Council (NSC) D) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR)

C) The National Security Council (NSC)

Area under imperial control increased after the First World War

False

Which of the following countries did not join the League of Nations? A) Germany B) Italy C) The United States D) Japan

C) The United States

Backwardness is a useful explanation of genocide because genocide occurs primarily in developing nations. (T/F)

False

Boxer rebellion occurred in the Philippines

False

By the close of the nineteenth century, the US had surpassed major European nations in military power

False

Conflicts over the control of entire states are relatively unlikely to lead to the use of force. (T/F)

False

Deterrence is defined as the threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action.

False

German utilization of speedy offensives via railroads in the Franco-Prussian War was an example of the cult of the defensive (T/F)

False

Great Britain occupied the Ruhr coal mining area of Germany to force it to pay reparations

False

Henry Kissinger favored the growing assertion of Congressional powers in the domain of US foreign policy A) True B) False

False

In the 1920s Congressional influence on US foreign policy was weak

False

Liberal states do NOT tend to be inherently more peaceful towards one another, according to Kant

False

Liberal states do NOT tend to be inherently more peaceful towards one another, according to Kant (T/F)

False

Marshall Plan retarded the process of European integration

False

Mearsheimer's central conclusion is that institutions hold great promise for promoting stability in the international system (T/F)

False

Mearsheimer's central conclusion is that institutions hold great promise for promoting stability in the international system A) True B) False

False

Mearsheimer's central conclusion is that institutions hold great promise for promoting stability in the international system (T/F)

False

Peace progressives favored greater influence of big business on US foreign policy

False

Peace progressives favored greater influence of big business on foreign policy

False

Pessimists of human nature dismiss balance of power as an unworkable concept (T/F)

False

Pessimists of human nature dismiss balance of power as an unworkable concept.

False

Pessimists of human nature dismiss balance of power as an unworkable concept. (T/F)

False

Private lobbying groups had very little influence on US foreign policy during the 1920s.

False

Realists believe that States are the least important actors in IR

False

Realists believe that States are the least important actors in IR (T/F)

False

Roosevelt wanted to give Indo-China back to the French after the end of World War II

False

Slantchev argues that narrow self-interest explains the Concert of Europe's ability to reach a mutually acceptable territorial distribution (T/F)

False

The Century Group advocated for the continuation of the US policy of non-intervention in European conflicts.

False

The Dawes plan proposed by the US government was intended to topple the Bolshevik government in Russia.

False

The ability to access busy officials, pitch cogent rationales for one's case, and trade infusions of cash in return for positive action on an issue are all key elements of successful lobbying.

False

The argument that a dominant state can enforce international rules, avoid collective-action problems, and encourage peace is known as the democratic stability theory

False

Which statement describes an argument in favor of the position that a new cold War will emerge between the United States and Russia? A) Europe is divided in its support of either the United States or Russia B) Strong Russian democracy creates tensions with the United States C) The United States is committed to NATO expansion, which Russia considers a threat to its security D) Russia is committed to containing the United States' influence in Western Europe

C) The United States is committed to NATO expansion, which Russia considers a threat to its security

Which of the following historic events provides the best examples of bureaucratic inefficiency? A) The Cuban missile crisis of 1963 B) The Iran-contra scandal in 1986 C) The invasion of Grenada in 1983 D) The military transformation plans of 2003

C) The invasion of Grenada in 1983

Which of the following statements regarding terrorism is true? A) Terrorism is an irrational, random use of violence B) It aims to embolden a civilian population in order to use its discontent as an advantage C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological D) It refers to political peace acts that target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately

C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

The passage of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) by President Clinton can best be described is an example of which of the following? A) Electoral calculations B) Logrolling C) Divided government D) Congressional diplomacy

D) Congressional diplomacy

What was the main foreign policy strategy during the Cold War? A) Primacy B) Unilateralism C) Isolationism D) Containment

D) Containment

Kant defines ____ as the respect for citizens of other states and trade based on global supply and demand A) Liberal peace B) Pacific federation C) International law D) Cosmopolitan law

D) Cosmopolitan law

Anti-Western protests in 2006 after a _______ newspaper published offensive cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammed constitute an example of nationalist Islamist movement. A) Swiss B) Finnish C) Canadian D) Danish

D) Danish

Since the Vietnam War, the trend of political parties inside government has been which of the following? A) No district pattern B) Republican government C) Unified government D) Divided government

D) Divided goverment

President Taft's policy of "dollar diplomacy" was modeled on US actions in which Central American country? A) Haiti B) Nicaragua C) Costa Rica D) Dominican Republic

D) Dominican Republic

Which was the Central/South American country where the US-trained Gaurdia Nacional was instituted for the first time? A) Chile B) Nicaragua C) Haiti D) Dominican Republic

D) Dominican Republic

Which two countries received massive amounts of U.S. foreign aid in the 1980s and beyond as a consequence of the Camp David Accords in 1978? A) Saudi Arabia and Jordan B) South Africa and Lebanon C) Turkey and Israel D) Egypt and Israel

D) Egypt & Israel

The Clinton administration's national security strategy was referred to as A) triangulation. B) primacy and preemption. C) progressive internationalism. D) engagement and enlargement.

D) Engagement & Enlargement

U.S. Captain Alfred Mahan influenced years of security policy by calling for which of the following grand strategies for the United States? A) Increase in military alliances B) Protection of the mainland of the United States C) Expansion of aerial forces and bases D) Expansion of naval forces and bases

D) Expansion of naval forces & bases

The core thesis of Norman Angell's "The Great Illusion" was that capitalism would exacerbate conflict among nations and encourages powerful nations to build large empires and acquire territories

False

The explosive split between Shi'ites and Sufis in Iraq played a key role in the regime of Saddam Hussein (T/F)

False

The explosive split between Shi'ites and Sufis in Iraq played a key role in the regime of Saddam Hussein. A) True B) False

False

The explosive split between Shi'ites and Sufis in Iraq played a key role in the regime of Saddam Hussein. (T/F)

False

True or False After the First World War, Allied Powers accepted the principle of self-determination as the guiding principle for organizing & creating new nations in European disparate ethnic groups

False

True or False After the First World War, Allied powers accepted the principle of self-determination as the guiding principle for organizing and creating new nations in Europe with disparate ethnic groups.

False

True or False Boxer rebellion occurred in the Philippines

False

True or False By the close of the nineteenth century, US had surpassed Europeans in military power

False

True or False Great Britain occupied the Ruhr coal mining area of Germany to force it to pay reparations

False

True or False Henry Kissinger favored the growing assertion of Congressional powers in the domain of US foreign policy

False

True or False In the 1920s Congressional influence on US foreign policy was weak

False

True or False Marshall Plan retarded the process of European integration

False

True or False Nixon's overtures to China in 1972 motivated South Vietnam to launch a major offensive ("Easter offensive") inside North Vietnam

False

True or False Peace progressives favored greater influence of big business on foreign policy

False

True or False Peace progressives favored greater influence of big businesses on US foreign policy

False

True or False President Cleveland restored Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii to power.

False

True or False Private lobbying groups had very little influence on US foreign policy during the 1920s

False

True or False Private lobbying groups had very little influence on US foreign policy during the 1920s.

False

True or False Roosevelt wanted to give Indo-China back to the French after the end of World War II

False

True or False Secretary of State Rogers played a major role in the diplomatic negotiations held between Nixon and Zhou En Lai during the state visit to China by the US president.

False

True or False The 1999 bombing of Kosovo received bipartisan support in both houses of Congress

False

True or False The Century Group advocated for the continuation of the US policy of non-intervention in European conflicts.

False

True or False The Dawes plan proposed by the US government was intended to topple the Bolshevik government in Russia.

False

True or False The Marshall Plan failed to achieve its objectives.

False

True or False The War Powers Resolution of 1973 gave the president the ability to declare war.

False

True or False The core thesis of Norman Angel's "The Great Illusion" was that capitalism would exacerbate conflict among & encourages powerful nations to build image empires & acquire territories

False

True or False The core thesis of Norman Angell's "The Great Illusion" was that capitalism would exacerbate conflict among nations and encourages powerful nations to build large empires and acquire territories

False

True or False The core thesis of Norman's Angell's "The Great Illusion" was that capitalism would exaceberate conflict among nations & encourages powerful nation to build large empires & acquiring territories

False

True or False The opening negotiations for ABM and SALT I arms control agreements were carried out through the regular bureaucratic channels of the US government

False

True or False US incursion in Cambodia encountered no opposition in Congress

False

True or False US troops helped the Soviet Union to defend the Caucases against German incursion in late 1942.

False

True or False US wartime allies in Europe were most concerned with American domination rather than a fear of abandonment at the end of the second World War

False

True or False Under Nixon, the policy of detente was intended to signal an abandonment of containment

False

US troops helped the Soviet Union to defend the Caucases against German incursion in late 1942.

False

Waltz is likely to to argue that people with close cultural affinity are less likely to fight each other.

False

Waltz is likely to to argue that people with close cultural affinity are less likely to fight each other. (T/F)

False

True or False Grover Cleveland, who succeeded Benjamin Harrison as President continued his predecessor's orientation that aggression, expansion and annexation should be the cornerstone of US foreign policy.

False Anti-expansionist and anti-annexation, Cleveland had a strong sense of right and wrong in such matters Pg. 305

True or False Monroe Doctrine was designed to expand the US influence in the internal affairs of European nations

False "...Monroe Doctrine, which further separated the United States from the European powers" Pg. 38

Which of the following was not a result of the 1970 institutional reforms to Congress? A) Less powerful seniority system B) More foreign policy committees and subcommittees C) Increased fragmentation in policy decision making D) Fewer inroads for interest groups

Fewer inroads for interest groups

The Weinberger Doctrine called for which of the following? A) Focusing on small-scale "hot wars" in regions such as Latin America and Africa B) Developing exit strategies for U.S. military involvement C) Developing capabilities to fight in conflicts across a wide military spectrum D) Focusing on direct confrontations with the Soviet Union

D) Focusing on direct confrontations with the Soviet Union

According to the "clash of civilizations" thesis, ______. A) Liberal democracies will prevail over other types of governance in the post-Cold War world B) Global financial crises will be the most important source of international conflict in the post-Cold War world C) There is nothing inherent in cultural differences that would cause conflict D) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings

D) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings

According to the "clash of civilizations" thesis, ______. A) Liberal democracies will prevail over other types of governance in the post-Cold War world B) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings C) There is nothing inherent in cultural differences that would cause conflict D) Global financial crises will be the most important source of international conflict in the post-Cold War world

Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings

All UN members are represented in which institution?

General Assembly

When women won the right to vote after World War I they ________________.

Generally voted like their husbands

Who among the following resisted the consensus within the postwar US foreign policy establishment to get tough with Soviet Union and oppose Marxist dogma?A) George Kennan B) Henry Wallace C) Paul Nitze

George Kennan

According to the "clash of civilizations" thesis, ______. A) There is nothing inherent in cultural differences that would cause conflict B) Liberal democracies will prevail over other types of governance in the post-Cold War world C) Global financial crises will be the most important source of international conflict in the post-Cold War world D) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings

D) Future international conflicts will take place between the world's major cultural groupings

Which of the following characterizes decision making during a crises? A) Decision makers are more likely to play devil's advocate B) Biases become far less likely C) Important options are more likely to be discussed D) Groupthink occurs more easily

D) Groupthink occurs more easily

Which of the following is consistent with the activities pursued in the process of rational decision-making? A) Satisficing B) Divergent interests C) Utilization of standardized responses D) Identification of alternatives

D) Identification of alternatives

The "new isolationism" movement in Congress is best explained by which of the following factors? A) Electoral calculations by legislators B) Situational factors in Congress C) Strategic factors in Congress D) Ideological beliefs of legislators

D) Ideological beliefs of legislators

The biggest foreign policy failure of President Carter's tenure in office occurred in which country? A) Angola B) Rhodesia C) Afghanistan D) Iran

D) Iran

Shi'ite Muslims live predominantly in ______. A) Southern Libya, Kuwait, and Qatar B) The United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Afghanistan C) Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Jordan D) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain

D) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain

According to Waltz, what must an international organization do to function effectively? A) It must acknowledge the essentially anarchic and decentralized nature of the international system B) Waltz does not believe that an international organization can act effectively C) It must develop a means of coercing states within the organization to unite for a common cause without surrendering their equality D) It must acquire some of the hierarchical attributes and capabilities of a domestic state E) It must respect the sovereignty of every state within its organization

D) It must acquire some of the hierarchical attributes and capabilities of a domestic state

Axis powers included A) US, France and Great Britain B) Italy, Germany and France C) France, Great Britain and Germany D) Italy, Japan and Germany

D) Italy, Japan & Germany

An example of an action without UN approval was _______. A) Canada conducting trade with Venezuela B) Syria invading Iraq C) North Korea shipping nuclear weapons technology to Vietnam D) Kosovo declaring independence from Serbia

D) Kosovo declaring independence from Serbia

The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the __________. A) European Community B) United Nations C) North Atlantic Treaty Organization D) League of Nations

D) League of Nations

President Bush's use of steel tariffs in 2002-2003 is an example of which line of political economic thinking? A) Imperialism B) Socialism C) Liberalism D) Mercantilism

D) Mercantalism

Foreign policy elites are most likely to favor which of the following? A) The delegate model B) Unilateral action C) Isolationism D) Multilateral cooperation

D) Multilateral cooperation

Which president best represents the formalistic model of foreign policy management?

George W. Bush

Which of the following countries committed blatant acts of external aggression in the lead up to World War II and severely damaged the reputation of the League of Nations as an effective instrument of collective security? There can be more than one correct answer.

Germany Italy Japan

The dissolving of huge multinational states such as Austria-Hungary is an example of the influence of what powerfully disruptive factor? A) Territorialism B) Socialism C) Internationalism D) Nationalism

D) Nationalism

Which of the following scholars/philosophers does NOT hold a pessimistic view of human nature? A) Hans Morgentheu B) Spinoza C) St. Augustine D) Norman Angell E) Reinhold Niebuhr

D) Norman Angell

Which of the following actions by Congress is likely to receive the least public support? A) Rejecting the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change B) Refusing to endorse the International Criminal Court C) Launching a unilateral U.S. military attack on Iran's nuclear weapons program D) Participating in U.N. efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons

D) Participating in U.N. efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons

"Policy of chastisement" refers to the myriad US counter-insurgency tactics employed by US forces in A) Cuba B) Samoa C) Guam D) Philippines

D) Philippines On Philippines..."Later in the war, it added a 'policy of chastisement,' waging fierce and often brutal campaigns against pockets for resistance

Which of the following doctrines attempted to correct for Vietnam War mistakes by emphasizing the deployment of overwhelming forces and clear exit strategies? A) Clinton Doctrine B) Bush Doctrine C) Weinberger Doctrine D) Powell Doctrine

D) Powell Doctrine

Theories of the causes of war at the interstate level of analysis ______. A) Provide a more accurate basis for predicting future wars than any of the other levels of analysis B) Refute the position that today's military technology is too powerful to use in most conflicts C) Are not as contradictory as the individual or domestic levels of analysis D) Predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one

D) Predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one

How can liberal theories of IR be distinguished from realism? A) Realism believes people learn from negative historical events, whereas liberalists believe they learn from positive ones. B) Realists favor absolute gains, whereas liberals favor relative gains. C) Realism is less likely to believe in the unitary-actor assumption than liberal theories. D) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally.

D) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally

The War Powers of 1973 did which of the following? A) Mandated that a member of each chamber in Congress be a part of the National Security Council B) Allowed Congress to fund or not fund military interventions C) Transferred the power to declare war to Congress D) Required the president to consult with and report to Congress regarding military interventions

D) Required the president to consult with and report to Congress regarding military interventions

According to John G. Stoessinger, which of the following presidents would not be considered a pragmatist? A) Harry Truman B) Franklin Roosevelt C) Richard Nixon D) Ronald Reagan

D) Ronald Reagan

Theodore Roosevelt is well-known for his active role in the postwar settlement between which of the following powers? A) France and Germany B) Russia and Germany C) Great Britain and Russia D) Russia and Japan E) Russia and China

D) Russia & Japan

One who looks to presidential speeches and the news media to understand foreign policy decision making is likely to support which of the following theories of international relations? A) Neoconservativism B) Liberalism C) Realism D) Social constructivism

D) Social constructivism

Realists believe which of the following? A) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains B) States are the least important actors in IR C) Human nature is altruistic D) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

D) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

Which is NOT an assumption of realism, according to Mearsheimer? A) The international system is characterized by anarchy B) The most basic motive driving states is survival C) States can never be certain about the intentions of other states D) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

D) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

With respect to terrorism, which of the following is true? A) Terrorist activities frequently achieve political ends B) Terrorism is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States, Europe, and South Asia C) Suicide bombings occur most frequently against autocracies rather than democracies D) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system

D) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system

Which piece of legislation passed by Congress in 1972 required presidents to report all international agreements to Congress within sixty days of their entering into force? A) The Jackson-Vanik Amendment B) The War Powers Resolution C) The Nelson-Bingham Amendment D) The Case-Zablocki Act

D) The Case-Zablocki Act

One of the most formidable roadblocks to Nixon's policy of detente with the Soviet Union came when the Congress made the approval of the Soviet trade agreement conditional on freedom of Jews to emigrate from the USSR. This was encapsulated in which of the following legislative measures? A) The Case-Zablocki Act B) The Nelson-Bingham Amendment C) None of the above D) The Jackson-Vanik Amendment

D) The Jackson-Vanik Amendment

The Iran-Contra scandal resulted from the activities of which government agency? A) The National Security Agency (NSA) B) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) C) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) D) The National Security Council (NSC)

D) The National Security Council (NSC)

Which of the following describes a recent cyberattack? A) The Saudi virus targeting Turkish oil industry computers B) The Iranian virus targeting Iraqi military industries C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting North Korea's nuclear centrifuge D) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge

D) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge

Peace operations of the United Nations include which of the following? A) The use of force to protect shipping B) Intervening in ethnic conflicts to create a ceasefire C) War regulation D) The supervision of elections

D) The supervision of elections

According to Morgenthau, what differentiates the study of politics from other branches of learning? A) Politics incorporates the economic, the religious, and the moral as essential elements of its nature B) The lessons of political theory have no applicability to the lives of average persons C) The study of politics is the study of human beings because human nature is essentially political D) The unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept E) Politics can be understood without reference to other fields of thought

D) The unsavory truths revealed by a rational study of politics are difficult for most people to accept

Which of the following is not true of intermestic policies? A) They may involve trade issues B) They may involve immigrants issues C) They mobilize local & state interest groups D) They are determined largely by the president

D) They are determined largely by the president

Which of the following aspects regarding interest groups is correct? A) They are coalitions of people who share a common interest in the outcome of a neighborhood issue B) They have a nearly endless supply of funding. C) They have a great deal of influence on foreign policy D) They are organized in order to influence the outcome in political issues

D) They are organized in order to influence the outcome in political issues.

What treaty is commonly thought of as the start of the modern international system? A) Treaty of Rome B) Treaty of Paris C) Treaty of Versailles D) Treaty of Westphalia

D) Treaty of Westphalia

What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce? A) China shifted its support to South Korea B) The US shifted its support to North Korea C) North Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula D) US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger

D) US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger

Which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence? A) It is rarely an issue as most economic powers do not have strong military forces B) Privateering has been outlawed by the World Court, which has eliminated most conflicts C) The naval strength of the states in conflict deters economic conflict D) Violent conflict would diminish the profit of economic transactions by more than could be gained by such conflict

D) Violent conflict would diminish the profit of economic transactions by more than could be gained by such conflict

On the individual level of analysis, _____ A) The totalitarian nature of communist states made them prone to using violence B) Wars may be the result of government bureaucracies' decisions C) Wars may be the result of how power is distributed between two countries D) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders

D) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders

President Kennedy saw himself as part of which tradition of US foreign policy? A) Realism B) Constructivism C) Pragmatism D) Wilsonianism

D) Wilsonianism

Which of the following is an example of a U.S. war of necessity? A) Kosovo bombings B) Persian Gulf War C) Korean War D) World War II

D) World War II

Which of the following statements best characterizes Art's argument about the versatility of nuclear weapons? A) nuclear weapons are irrelevant to an assessment of the fungibility of military power B) nuclear weapons are not fungible as a power resource, but they are only one part of a state's total military power assets C) if the United States had wanted to use nuclear weapons to force the election of an American UN secretary general, it could easily have done so successfully D) although nuclear weapons are not particularly useful for achieving certain specific goals, they do increase a state's political influence in the international realm

D) although nuclear weapons are not particularly useful for achieving certain specific goals, they do increase a state's political influence in the international realm

That trade increases wealth, cooperation, global well-being, and, ultimately, peace is __________. A) a theory developed to facilitate greater sovereignty B) an explanation by Thomas Hobbes of how peace and cooperation are possible C) a key belief of orthodox Marxism D) an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible

D) an explanation by Immanuel Kant of how peace and cooperation are possible

Groupthink is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately ___________ since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think the others support. A) applying internal dissonance B) controlling the agenda C) utilizing reverse psychology D) assessing consequences

D) assessing consequences

The part of the population that stays informed about international issues is called the ___________ public. A) international B) expert C) savvy D) attentive

D) attentive

Levels of analysis offer _________ explanations for international events A) uniform B) military C) individual D) different

D) different

The _________model of decision-making consists of negotiations between bureaucratic agencies with divergent interests. A) rational B) organizational-process C) risk aversion D) government bargaining

D) government bargaining

Public opinion ___________. A) influences foreign policy decisions but is not influenced by them B) has more effect on foreign policy than domestic policy in democracies C) has greater force in authoritarian governments that in democracies D) has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

D) has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

States are not supposed to meddle in the ______________ and decision process of other states. A) alliances B) maritime regimes C) philanthropic affairs D) internal affairs

D) internal affairs

States are not supposed to meddle in the ______________ and decision process of other states. A) philanthropic affairs B) alliances C) maritime regimes D) internal affairs

D) internal affairs

In Waltz's microtheory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct A) is incompatible with the varied and irrational ways in which states actually behave B) is the notion that states pursue exclusively those goals that ensure their survival C) is the most common flaw in classic studies of international relations D) is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true E) cannot be taken for granted except where supported by empirical evidence

D) is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true

Working through international institutions to achieve foreign policy goals is the preference of ____________. A) isolationists B) realists C) unilateralists D) multilateralists

D) multilateralists

Working through international institutions to achieve foreign policy goals is the preference of ____________. A) isolationists B) unilateralists C) realists D) multilateralists

D) multilateralists

International relations is largely a(n)__________ discipline A) theoretical B) historical C) economic D) practical

D) practical

The U.S. attempted to contain the Soviet Union influence around the world after WWII by ___________.

D) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe

Thomas Hobbes belongs to the ___________ school of thought

D) realist

Surge Strategy

In the context of the Iraq War, the surge refers to United States President George W. Bush's 2007 increase in the number of American troops in order to provide security to Baghdad and Al Anbar Province

How do dominance and reciprocity compare as solutions to collective-goods problems? Dominance ____________. A) has advantages and disadvantages, whereas reciprocity has only advantages B) is the basis of cooperation in IR, whereas reciprocity typically leads to conflict C) forms the basis of most institutions in the international system, whereas reciprocity has limited applications D) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy

D) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy

In 1995 superpower leaders gathered in Geneva, deciding to reconstitute Austria. This type of gathering can be considered an example of a_____________. A) crisis B) military strike C) containment effort D) summit meeting

D) summit meeting

A current example of a lingering dispute is ________. A) the Hungarian-Romanian dispute, heightened by Saami migration B) the Soviet-American conflict, fueled by the proliferation of nuclear weapons C) the Argentine-Chilean dispute, worsened by the expansion of Chilean oil exploration D) the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank

D) the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank

Anarchy in the international system refers to __________. A) the absence of structure and rules B) complete chaos C) the presence of distributive states D) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules

D) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules

Which of the following best characterizes the term structure as defined by Waltz? A) the relationship formed by the interactions of units B) the interaction of units C) the way units relate to each other D) the arrangement of units in relation to each other E) the institutions that units create to govern their interaction

D) the arrangement of units in relation to each other

With respect to power ______________. A) more powerful states will always defeat weaker states in a war B) if a state's own values become widely shared among other states, it's harder to exercise power over them C) it isn't difficult to accurately measure the power of another state D) the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state

D) the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state

Which of the following is NOT identified by Frankel as a major driver of economic globalization? A) reduced policy barriers to investment B) cheaper transportation C) reduced policy barriers to trade D) the spread of free-market ideology E) reduced communication costs

D) the spread of free-market ideology

According to Wendt, what can be safely assumed about states in an anarchic state of nature? A) they will view all other states as mortal enemies B) they will seek to cooperate with other states for best mutual interest of all C) they will seek to dominate their neighbors D) they will try to perpetuate their existence E) they will act in accordance with the tenets of self-help

D) they will try to perpetuate their existence

The cost of making and enforcing agreements are referred to as A) agreement costs B) relative costs C) enforcement costs D) transaction costs

D) transaction costs

Anti-Western protests in 2006 after a _______ newspaper published offensive cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammed constitute an example of nationalist Islamist movement.

Danish

Anti-Western protests in 2006 after a _______ newspaper published offensive cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammed constitute an example of nationalist Islamist movement. A) Danish B) Canadian C) Finnish D) Swiss

Danish

Which of the following is not a power given to the president by the Constitution?

Declaring war

C) Military engagements now occur across greater distances

In what way have technological developments changed the nature of military force? A) Te resort to peace pacts now has more profound costs and consequences B) Allied computer networks are increasingly targeted by military forces and terrorists C) Military engagements now occur across greater distances D) Electronics now have a lesser role in command and control

Which of the following statements is true regarding the degree of globalization in 2000? A) It was unprecedented in human history. B) Though highly globalized, the world was still less integrated than it had been between 1914 and 1944. C) The degree of globalization in 2000 surpassed the economic integration of the mid-eighties and nineties. D) The world was highly integrated as a consequence of the effect of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. E) By some measures, the world was no more integrated economically than it had been in 1900

E) By some measures, the world was no more integrated economically than it had been in 1900.

B) Military engagements now occur across greater distances

In what way have technological developments changed the nature of military force? A) The resort to peace pacts now has more profound costs and consequences B) Military engagements now occur across greater distances C) Allied computer networks are increasingly targeted by military forces and terrorists D) Electronics now have a lesser role in command and control

C) Some objectives short of the surrender

Included in limited war are military actions carried out to gain ______ and occupation of the enemy A) Some influence over B) Cultural dominance over C) Some objectives short of the surrender D) Complete and unambiguous surrender

Which of the following attitudes is at one extreme of the spectrum of congressional-presidential foreign policy relations? A) Rejection B) Delegation C) Resistance D) Independence

Independence

A example of a state that either acknowledges having nuclear weapons or that has exploded a nuclear weapon?

India

__________ tested nuclear weapons in 1998. This is an example of a regional increase of tensions.

India and Pakistan

Belief Systems

Individual world views, formed early in life, that directly influence decision makers' foreign policy goals & strategies as well as their responses to specific problems

When British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the nonaggression pact with Hitler in Munich in 1938, he didn't want to see the clear signs of Hitler's aggression and chose to appease him instead. Some scholars argue this was due to Chamberlain's not wanting to lead Britain into a major war. If true, this would best illustrate _______________.

Information screens

As a result of its defeat in the Spanish-American War, Spain was forced to cede control over A) Cuba and Philippines B) Cuba and Puerto Rico C) Philippines D) Cuba, Philippines and Puerto Rico E) Cuba, Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico

E) Cuba, Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico "Three U.S. ships subsequently stopped at Guam...Spanish defenders were taken prisoner and the island was seized." Pg. 319 "...The Treaty of Paris, calling for the cession of Cuba, Puerto Rico & the Philippines" Pg. 320

Theodore Roosevelt is well-known for his active role in the postwar settlement between which of the following powers? A) France & Germany B) Russia & Germany C) Great Britain & Russia D) Russia & China E) Russia & Japan

E) Russia & Japan

What does Ghemawat find "most astonishing" about the writings of globalization proponents? A) the poor quality of the arguments presented B) that so few people have written about so important of a phenomenon C) their ability to predict accurately the effects of globalization D) the recognition that in a world of globalization, national borders are irrelevant. E) how much they exaggerate the extent of globalization

E) how much they exaggerate the extent of globalization

Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purpose?

It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer

What strategy does Oye suggest as a means of promoting cooperation among governments? A) reducing international relations to a single issue in order to facilitate compliance B) decreasing surveillance in order to foster a community of trusts C) allowing for ambiguity in standards of conduct to avoid allowing overly stringent definitions to lead to misunderstanding D) increasing the number of actors necessary to the realization of common interests E) incorporating tactics of decomposition into international agreements to facilitate adherence

E) incorporating tactics of decomposition into international agreements to facilitate adherence

Since 1939, approximately what percent of U.S. international agreements were in the form of executive agreements, not ratified by the Senate?

90

A) human

A general weakness in U.S. intelligence gathering activities exists in the area of _______ intelligence. A) human B) electronic C) signal D) satellite

A) human

A general weakness in U.S. intelligence gathering activities exists in the area of _______ intelligence. A) human B) signal C) satellite D) electronic

Unipolar

A global power structure in which 1 nation-state maintains a predominant share of the economic, military & other resources needed to advance its interests in the interstate system

International Relations revolves around the key question of how

A group can reconcile its collective and individual interests

D) Mercantilism

A historical practice in which foreign economic policies and trade were manipulated to build up a monetary surplus that could be used to finance war, _______ influences many states' foreign policies. A) Nationalism B) Lateral pressure C) Economic growth D) Mercantilism

Liberal internationalism

A key aspect of President Jimmy Carter's foreign policy that called for US global involvement consistent with the country's moral principles & political ideas

War Powers Resolution

A legislative measure approved by Congress in 1973 requiring presidents to inform Congress about imminent US military deployments & authorizing Congress to order the troops home after 60 days if a majority of legislators oppose the deployments. Rarely invoked & routinely dismissed by presidents as unconstitutional

Nelson-Bingham Amendment

A legislative measure approved in 1974 authorizing Congress to review foreign arms sales of more than $25 million & to reject such sales through a concurrent resolution of both chambers

Jackson-Vanik Amendment

A legislative measure approved in 1974 that prevented presidents from granting most-favored-nation trade status to foreign countries that restricted the emigration of their citizens

Democratic Peace

A liberal theory holding that representative governments maintain peace with each other through joint efforts

Competitive model

A management style that encourages open debate among advisers, often without regard to rank, allowing the president to select the policy that is defended most persuasively

Collegial model

A management style that encourages open dialogue among presidential advisers in order to gain consensus

Organizational process

A model of decision making characterized by standard operating procedures & fragmented centers of authority that hinders unified, consistent & effective government policy

Issue networks

A model of decision making that involves more actors & is more open to competing viewpoints than the iron triangle model. Brings together interested governmental & private actors with shared expertise in a given area of public policy

Unitary actors

A model of national decision making that assumes that foreign policy makers act in a united fashion to make decisions in the name of the "national interest". A central tenet of realist theory

Bureaucratic Politics

A model of policy making that emphasizes inherent conflicts of interest among government agencies. The state is perceived as an area of bureaucratic struggle rather than a "unitary actor".

Imperial Overstretch

A pattern noted by historian Paul Kennedy in which great powers have consistently expanded their foreign commitments beyond their ability to remain economically solvent & militarily secure

Imperial Ovverstretch

A pattern noted by historian Paul Kennedy in which great powers have consistently expanded their foreign commitments beyond their ability to remain economically solvent & militarily secure

Open Door policy

A policy adopted by the US government in 1899 that called for free trade access to China & discouraged other trading states from dividing China into spheres of influence

Detente

A policy devised by Henry Kissinger, national security adviser & secretary of state under Presidents Richard Nixon & Gerald Ford, to ease tensions between the United States & the Soviet Union

Bipolar

A power balance dominated by 2 states, most recently the United States & the Soviet Union

Codetermination

A principle expressed in the US Constitution calling for the sharing of foreign policy powers between the executive & legislative branches of government

Lend-lease program

A program devised by the United States during WWII to provide military assets to Great Britain in exchange for US access to British military bases

In 1975, South Vietnam fell signaling apparent U.S. weakness on the global stage; U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict is an example of_______.

A proxy war

n 1975, South Vietnam fell signaling apparent U.S. weakness on the global stage; U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict is an example of_______.

A proxy war

Security community

A region of the world in which governments form close political ,economic & military ties to such an extent that war among them becomes unthinkable. Often associated with the European Union

Obama Doctrine

A security strategy adopted by Barack Obama combining military restraint in undertaking military interventions, greater support form allies, heightened intelligence, covert operations by Special Forces & air strikes against enemies

National interest

A self-justifying rationale for foreign policy actions that presumes an inherent "interest" maintained by the state that overrides the parochial interests of government bureaucracies or societal groups

Bretton Woods agreements

A series of agreements approved by the United States an other market economies in 1944 that led to the creation of the World Bank & the International Monetary Fund

Bush Doctrine

A set of foreign principles & strategies, including the possible launching of preventive wars, devised by President George W. Bush in the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks

Two-level game

A situation in which foreign policy makers simultaneously negotiate with their foreign counterparts & domestic actors (public & private) who have a stake in the policy process

Why might a state choose war over peace, according to Fearon? A) A state might have imperfect information about how its abilities and resolve compare to that of its adversary. B) A state might gain more by fighting than by a negotiated settlement. C) A state may be unwilling to invest in the time it takes to establish peace agreements.

A state might have imperfect information about how its abilities and resolve compare to that of its adversary.

A) 200 miles

A state's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is recognized to extend how far from the coastline? A) 200 miles B) 12 miles C) 100 miles D) 5 miles

Soft balancing

A strategy by second-tier powers to accept the preponderant influence of hegemons while taking modest steps, such as antagonistic speeches before the UN General Assembly & appeals to global public opinion, that signal their dissatisfaction with the status quo

Bandwagon

A strategy by which less powerful states align diplomatically with a global or regional hegemon in exchange for security & economic benefits provided by the hegemon

Collective Security

A system of preventing interstate conflict in which world leaders renounce war as an instrument of statecraft & then pledge to defend each other in the case of aggression. A hallmark of the League of Nations

Terrorism

A tactic of unconventional warfare that uses threats & acts of violence to raise mass fear as a means of achieving political objectives

Passing the Buck

A tendency of Congress to defer to the president in foreign policy given that the White House, not Congress, will likely receive credit for major breakthroughs as well as blame for failures

Iron curtain

A term coined by British prime minister Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the metaphorical line separating communist countries under Soviet control from the capitalist countries of Western Europe supported by the United States. Remained intact throughout the Cold War

Bully pulpit

A term coined by Theodore Roosevelt to describe a president's unique ability to shape public opinion by speaking out forcefully on important issues

War on Terrorism

A term formally adopted by President George W Bush to describe the US government's response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks

Asymmetric Warfare

A type of armed conflict between 2 sides of unequal strength characterized by the weaker side's exploiting the vulnerabilities of the stronger

Neorealism

A variant of realist theory focusing on the anarchic nature of the international system as the ultimate & inevitable cause of interstate conflicts

Long cycle Theory

A view of world history that highlights recurring periods of dominance of imperial or hegemonic powers

A) True

A war over control of the rules of the international system as whole is a hegemonic war. A) True B) False

Exceptionalism

A widely held sense of national distinctiveness or superiority, exemplified by Americans' traditional view of their nation as a "city upon a hill"

Multipolar

A world order dominated by several states

Full diplomatic relations with China were restored by the US in A) 1979 B) 1971 C) 1972 D) 1973

A) 1979

The Republican takeover of Congress occurred during which of the following time periods A) After the Cold War in 1994 B) At the beginning of the Cold War in 1950 C) Following the Vietnam War in 1972 D) After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

A) After the Cold War in 1994

Examples of conflict resulting from states worrying about the fate of members of the same ethnic group living as a minority in a neighboring state are ______. A) Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerbaijan B) Poland-Czech Republic and Albania-Serbia C) Argentina-Brazil and North Korea-South Korea D) Kurdistan-Turkey and Rwanda-Zaire

A) Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerbaijan

According to Keohane and Martin, what is wrong with Mearsheimer's assertion that NATO and the EU are likely to decline following the end of the Cold War? A) All of the above B) NATO and the EU are now expanding their membership, and are therefore hardly in decline C) Mearsheimer's only explanation for the willingness of states to invest in these institutions is the delusion and hostility toward realism of American policymakers D) It disregards the significant material resources that major governments have invested in institutions like NATO, the EU, and GATT

A) All of the above

How does the Supreme Court tend to view foreign policy? A) As political matters that are generally outside the realm of judicial review B) As issues that are subject to heavy judicial review C) As a role for Congress, not the president D) As a role for the president, not Congress

A) As political matters that are generally outside the realm of judicial review

A current example of a regional IGO is the _________. A) Association of South East Asian Nations B) Central Asian Union C) United Nations D) Norther Hemisphere Common Market

A) Association of South East Asian Nations

Which of the following can be listed among the consequences of the First World War? There can be more than one correct answer A) Austro-Hungarian empire broke up B) Punitive reparations were imposed on Germany C) US joined the League of Nations

A) Austro-Hungarian empire broke up B) Punitive reparations were imposed on Germany

Which of the following terms best describes the global balance of power during the Cold War? A) Bipolar B) Hegemonic C) Multipolar D) Unipolar

A) Bipolar

Which of the following terms are a correct conceptualization of the role of national actors within the international system level of analysis? A) Black box B) Diversity of operational codes C) Regime type D) National autonomy E) Billiard Ball

A) Black box E) Billiard Ball

Who did the US back in French Indochina in 1950? A) Bo Dai B) Ho Chi Minh

A) Bo Dai

Which of the following is a strategy that can prevent groupthink? A) Bringing in external advisers B) Bypassing relevant agencies C) Limiting the number of advisers D) Appealing to the majority interest

A) Bringing in external advisers

US objected to Soviet involvement in which of the following countries in the immediate aftermath of the World War II? There can be more than one correct answer.

A) Bulgaria B) Cuba C) Romania D) India E) Iran

Which group does socialism (also known as Marxism) argue is to blame for economic inequalities? A) Business owners and managers B) Workers C) Intergovernmental organizations D) Trade unions

A) Business owners & managers

Which President asserted the following maxim of US foreign policy: "The business of America is business" A) Calvin Coolidge B) Herbert Hoover C) Woodrow Wilson

A) Calvin Coolidge

The basis of Schumpeter's theory of liberal pacifism is _____ A) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war B) War is in the interest of democratically elected leaders C) Democracies go to war for glory D) Authoritarian leaders choose war less frequently than democratically elected leaders

A) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

The treaty over the Panama Canal triggered a domestic backlash against President ______________________. A) Carter B) Ford C) Nixon D) Johnson

A) Carter

Which president mediated a treaty between Israel and Egypt represented a key moment in the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict? A) Carter B) Johnson C) Nixon D) Ford

A) Carter

Which of the following was a group of Jewish-Americans that carried out the first sustained lobbying campaign to sway American public opinion and Congress to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine?

A) Century group B) Yalta association C) Biltmore group D) Brettenwoods group

US backed which leader in the Chinese Civil War of 1947-49? A) Chiang-Kai-Shek B) Mao-Zedong

A) Chiang-Kai-Shek

"Ping-Pong diplomacy" refers to US relations with which country? A) China B) Soviet Union C) Cambodia D) Japan

A) China

Which statement is characteristic of guerrilla war? A) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces B) Guerrilla fighters do not control any specific territory C) Civilians often expose the guerrillas to opposing forces D) Guerrilla fighters directly confront the enemy army

A) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces

Which of the following institution of the "eastern foreign policy establishment" was set up just after the end of the First World War? A) Council on Foreign Relations B) Center for American Progress C) American Enterprise Institute

A) Council on Foreign Relations

The Platt amendment restricted the sovereignty of A) Cuba B) Spain C) Nicaragua D) Haiti E) Mexico

A) Cuba

Woodrow Wilson is known in history for which of the following ideas? There can be more than one correct answer A) Democracies are inherently peaceful B) Authoritarian states are inherently peaceful C) There is a fundamental difference between peaceful and aggressive states D) There is no difference between democracies and authoritarian states when it comes to their peaceful or aggressive nature E) Democracies are inherently violent F) Authoritarian states are inherently violent

A) Democracies are inherently peaceful C) There is a fundamental difference between peaceful and aggressive states F) Authoritarian states are inherently violent

US policy towards China was modified in the 1890s under pressure from which group of Americans? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Diplomats B) Business leaders C) Missionaries

A) Diplomats B) Business leaders C) Missionaries

US policy towards China was modified in the 1890s under pressure from which group of Americans? There can be more than one correct answer.

A) Diplomats B) Missionaries C) Business leaders

In the late 1990s in the midst of the U.S.'s economic boom, which of the following was the most common response to the public opinion survey question concerning the biggest foreign policy problem facing the United States? A) Don't know B) Terrorism C) The situation in the Middle East D) Trade restrictions from other countries

A) Don't know

Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept that "politics must stop at the water's edge"? A) Due to the terrorist attacks of 9-11, Congress yielded foreign policy powers to the president. B) The president has greater control over foreign affairs than over domestic issues. C) The president has little control over political issues outside the United States. D) Congress should not conduct foreign affairs because of collective action problems.

A) Due to the terrorist attacks of 9-11, Congress yielded foreign policy powers to the president

Hawley-Smoot Act represented which of the following trends in post-World War I US foreign policy? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Economic Nationalism B) Isolationism C) Idealism D) Progressivism E) Protectionism

A) Economic Nationalism B) Isolationism E) Protectionism

Which among the following senators were leading advocates of normalization of US-China relations prior to the breakthrough of 1972? A) Edward Kennedy B) John Foster Dulles C) Daniel Ellsberg D) Fulbright

A) Edward Kennedy

The Dawes plan was an US intervention in a dispute between A) France and Germany B) Russia and France C) Great Britain and Germany D) Russia and Great Britain

A) France & Germany

The nationalization of the British-run corporation that owned the Suez Canal was carried out by A) Gamal Abdel Nasser B) King Farouk C) Saddam Hussein D) Mossadeq

A) Gamal Abdel Nasser

The United States does which of the following when allocating foreign aid? A) Gives the least, compared with other countries, as a percentage of gross national product B) Gives more to free-trading states C) Gives to states that are trading partners D) Gives less to states in Latin America

A) Gives the least, compared with other countries, as a percentage of gross national product

Which of the following may diverge despite individuals acting rationally? A) Goals B) Determination C) Emotions D) Levels of risk acceptance or averseness

A) Goals

Who among the following resisted the consensus within the postwar US foreign policy establishment to get tough with Soviet Union and oppose Marxist dogma? A) Henry Wallace B) George Kennan C) Paul Nitze

A) Henry Wallace

Which policy document is called the most comprehensive re-statement of US grand strategy after World War II in order to outline an anti-communist foreign policy? A) NSC-68 B) NSC-1947 C) Dawes Plan D) NSA-1947 E) Marshall Plan

A) NSC-68

____________ is an element of power on which an actor can draw over the long term, whereas ______ is an element of power that allows an actor to exercise, influence in the short term A) Natural resources, military force B) Technology, reputation C) Economic capacity, geography D) Government, population

A) Natural resources, military force

Which of the following scholars/philosophers does NOT hold a pessimistic view of human nature? A) Norman Angell B) Hans Morgenthau C) Reinhold Niebuhr D) St. Augustine E) Spinoza

A) Norman Angell

Which of the following was a direct outgrowth of the Vietnam Syndrome? A) Opposition to open-ended military commitments B) Desire for human rights-based foreign policy C) Anxiety about nuclear war D) Anger about lying by public officials

A) Opposition to open-ended military commitments

The Baruch Plan called for which of the following? A) Placing all nuclear material under the control of a UN-sponsored international authority B) Emphasizing U.S. military action via overwhelming force in armed conflicts C) Focusing on direct confrontations with the Soviet Union D) Developing exit strategies for U.S. military involvement in armed conflicts

A) Placing all nuclear material under the control of a UN-sponsored international authority

In 2011 Libyan revolutionaries fought dictator Muammar Gaddafi, eventually receiving support from NATO and the U.S., leading to a rebel victory. This is an example in the altering of what? A) Power estimation B) Asymmetric warfare C) State equality D) Global influence

A) Power estimation

Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because it is _______. A) Predominant in an area of conflict B) Inherently warlike C) Less peaceful than other religions D) Moving into traditionally secular areas

A) Predominant in an area of conflict

Which of the following can be listed among the consequences of the First World War? There can be more than one correct answer

A) Punitive reparations were imposed on Germany B) Austro-Hungarian empire broke up

How can liberal theories of IR be distinguished from realism? A) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally. B) Realism believes people learn from negative historical events, whereas liberalists believer they learn from positive ones. C) Realists favor absolute gains, whereas liberals favor relative gains. D) Realism is less likely to believe in the unitary-actor assumption than liberal theories.

A) Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally.

Which of the following decisions were taken by Franklin Roosevelt soon after coming to office? A) Recognized the Bolshevik government of Russia B) Joined the League of Nations C) Ended the US intervention in the Dominican Republic D) Imposed a blockade on Germany

A) Recognized the Bolshevik government of Russia

The War Powers Resolution of 1973 did which of the following? A) Required the president to consult with and report to Congress regarding military interventions B) Mandated that a member of each chamber in Congress be a part of the National Security Council C) Allowed Congress to fund or not fund military interventions D) Transferred the power to declare war to Congress

A) Required the president to consult with & report to Congress regarding military interventions

A top-secret internal history of US involvement in Vietnam by Defense department called the Pentagon Papers was commissioned by A) Robert McNamara B) Daniel Ellsberg C) General William Westmoreland D) Henry Kissinger

A) Robert McNamara

US objected to Soviet involvement in which of the following countries in the immediate aftermath of the World War II? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Romania B) India C) Iran D) Bulgaria E) Cuba

A) Romania C) Iran D) Bulgaria

Which of the following pairs countries were not part of the arms limitation conferences and treaties after World War I A) Russia and Germany B) US and France C) France and Great Britain D) Japan and France

A) Russia & Germany

President Clinton's referring to "rogue states" and President Bush's emphasizing an "axis of evil" are examples of which of the following theories? A) Social constructivism B) Power politics C) Liberalism D) Structural realism

A) Social constructivism

Democrats in Congress are often accused of being A) Soft on defense B) Sympathetic to religious lobbies C) Uneducated about foreign affairs D) Against foreign aid spending

A) Soft on defense

Which of the following is a characteristic of a political structure that is hierarchically ordered? A) Some units command, whereas others obey B) Power is widely dispersed across units C) All units are equal in terms of capabilities D) There are checks and balances on the power of the units E) No one unit has power over another

A) Some units command, whereas others obey

The world's predominantly Islamic countries have the largest populations in which regions? A) South and Southeast Asia B) the Middle East and North Africa C) Central and East Asia D) Central and sub-Saharan Africa

A) South and Southeast Asia

The Yalta conference is significant because of which reason? A) Soviet Union agreed to become a part of the UN B) IMF and IBRD were created C) Japan surrendered to the Allies

A) Soviet Union agreed to become a part of the UN

The disadvantage of dominance as a solution to collective-goods problems include which of the following? A) Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower ranking members of the status hierarchy B) Other groups being unlikely to challenge the top group's power position C) A downwards spiral as each side punishes what is believed to be negative acts by the other D) Fueling arms races in which members respond to other members' buildup of weapons

A) Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower ranking members of the status hierarchy

Fearon argues that under certain conditions, states will choose war instead of peace. Which of the following do these conditions include? A) States may choose war if they cannot reach a mutually preferable negotiated settlement with an adversary. B) States may choose war as a means through which to show off their military might. C) States may choose war as a way to camouflage their own weaknesses.

A) States may choose war if they cannot reach a mutually preferable negotiated settlement with an adversary.

Exceptionalism, moralism, and ambivalence refer to which of the following influences on U.S. grand strategy? A) Strategic culture B) State-society relations C) Geopolitical assets D) Grand strategy

A) Strategic culture

Which of the following domestic constituencies supported the Teller amendment? There is more than one answer A) Sugar barons B) Supporters of Cuban independence from Spain C) Catholics

A) Sugar barons B) Supports of Cuban independence from Spain "...Teller Amendment providing that the United States would not annex Cuba once the war ended. The amendment derived from various forces, those who opposed annexing territory containing large numbers of blacks and Catholics, those who sincerely supported Cuban independence and representailtives of the domestic sugar business, including sponsor Senator Henry Teller of Colorado, who feared Cuban competition.

In 2014-2015, in the ______ civil war, Kurdish fighters received significant international support in fighting ISIS. A) Syrian B) Israeli C) Kurdish D) Libyan

A) Syrian

Which of the following is not a tenet of the U.S. vision of economic liberalism? A) Tariffs on foreign goods B) An "invisible hand" in the private market C) Private property protection D) Free enterprise

A) Tariffs on foreign goods

Which of the following IGOs perform collective security functions? A) The African Union B) The Southern League C) The Organization of Islamic Conference D) The Organization of Armenian States

A) The African Union

Which of the following is the best example of interdependence affecting U.S. trade politics? A) The East Asian economic crisis B) The World Trade Organization C) Japan's increase in its foreign aid allocation to trading partners D) Protests in Seattle over globalization

A) The East Asia economic crisis

Which of these Cold War conflicts involving U.S. military intervention occurred first? A) The Korean War B) The Vietnam War C) The Bay of Pigs invasion D) The Iranian revolution

A) The Korean War

The foreign policy of détente called for which of the following actions by the United States in response to the Soviet Union? A) The easing of tensions through trade and arms control agreements B) Promotion of foreign aid to developing countries C) The buildup of nuclear weapons to deter any country from using them D) Increased spending and focus on military readiness

A) The easing of tension through trade & arms control agreements

Which of these groups is the least informed and interested in global politics and U.S. foreign policy? A) The mass public B) The foreign policy elite C) Independents D) The attentive public

A) The mass public

Which of the following is a way in which the components of the military-industrial complex influence foreign policy decision-making? A) The spreading out of weapons projects into many constituencies B) Military-themed blockbuster movies C) The appointment of executives in military industries as church officials

A) The spreading out of weapons projects into many constituencies

Which of the following are examples of substate actors that can OR do influence a country's foreign policy or have an international role? There can be more than one correct answer. A) The state of Ohio B) Medellin drug cartel in Colombia C) ISIS D) SUNY Geneseo

A) The state of Ohio B) Medellin drug cartel in Colombia C) ISIS

Which of the following is a purpose of the UN Secretariat? A) To administer UN policy and programs B) To represent their respective member states at the UN C) To serve as theoretical experts and military advisers on various programs and projects D) To develop national civil servants whose loyalties are at the state level

A) To administer UN policy and programs

A sibling who achieves the position of power through a struggle between his/her siblings is an example of dominance.

A) True

Government of which of the following countries were the first to receive financial assistance under the doctrine of containment? A) Turkey B) Mexico C) Great Britain D) Greece

A) Turkey D) Greece

Which is NOT one of the theorists discussed in detail by Doyle in the article "Liberalism and World Politics"? A) Waltz B) Schumpeter C) Kant D) Machiavelli

A) Waltz

Which of the following Senators was the leading voice of Peace Progressives in the 1920? A) William Borah B) Boies Penrose

A) William Borah

Who made the famous "Iron Curtain" speech that is said to have officially marked the beginning of the Cold War? A) Winston Churchill B) George Kennan C) Clement Atlee D) Harry Truman

A) Winston Churchill

Which political leader emphasized free trade as one of his "fourteen points" for a global postwar order? A) Woodrow Wilson B) Harry Truman

A) Woodrow Wilson

Which president's moral views of foreign policy were often attributed to his upbringing as the son of a minister? A) Woodrow Wilson B) Franklin Roosevelt C) Jimmy Carter D) John F. Kennedy

A) Woodrow Wilson

International relations revolves around the key problem of how ______________. A) a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests B) to properly negotiate treaties C) to deal with the issue of global warming D) to solve global poverty

A) a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests

According to Waltz, an understanding of international politics requires A) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system B) a systems theory that incorporates economic factors into its concept of international politics C) a system theory that incorporates social factors in its concept of international politics D) a system theory that addresses the ideological commitments of states E) a systems theory that incorporates questions regarding the military interactions of states

A) a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system

The general idea that one or more states' power is being used to counter that of another state or group is called ___________. A) balance of power B) bandwagoning C) containment D) security dilemma

A) balance of power

The post-Cold War era is _______________. A) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease B) less complex and more predictable than the Cold War period C) characterized by a less global international economy D) less peaceful than the Cold War period

A) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease

The sequence of steps in the rational model of decision making is _________________. A) clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action B) order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action C) list alternatives to achieve goals, order goals by importance, investigate consequences of alternatives, clarify goals, and choose the course of action D) clarify goals, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, order goals by importance and choose the course of action

A) clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

The sequence of steps in the rational model of decision-making is ____________. A) clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action B) order goals by importance, list alternative to achieve goals, clarify goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action C) clarify goals, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, order goals by importance and choose the course of action

A) clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the ________ level of analysis. A) domestic B) global C) individual D) interstate

A) domestic

Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They ___________________. A) don't trust each other B) are trying to maintain instability in the international system C) believe that a balance of power provides peace D) believe that a balance of power provides influence

A) don't trust each other

What did Harry Truman's sign "the buck stops here" illustrate about his role in foreign policy decision-making? A) foreign policy decisions were ultimately his responsibility B) his opinion was more important that anyone else's

A) foreign policy decisions were ultimately his responsibility

Ideology _______. A) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do B) tends to increase in importance after a revolution, replaced by national interests C) causes conflict more frequently than any other factor D) decreases conflicts between states more than it causes them

A) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do

The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act did all of the following except A) help the U.S. out of the Great Depression. B) flex the power of Congress in trade policy. C) reduce the volume of U.S. trade. D) dramatically increase tariffs on foreign goods.

A) help the US out of the Great Depression

Modern realist theory developed in reaction to _________________. A) idealism B) the Cold War C) Marxism D) constructivism

A) idealism

The Sino-Soviet split resulted in China becoming extremely _____________ A) independent B) affluent C) philosophical

A) independent

The _______ level of analysis concerns the choices and actions of human beings A) individual B) global C) domestic D) interstate

A) individual

When British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the nonaggression pact with Hitler in Munich in 1938, he didn't want to see the clear signs of Hitler's aggression and chose to appease him instead. Some scholars argue this was due to Chamberlain's not wanting to lead Britain into a major war. If true, this would best illustrate _______________. A) information screens B) cognitive bias

A) information screens

According to Art, what makes force "integral" to political interaction in the international realm? A) the anarchic nature of the system B) the fact that all states have the capacity to use force C) the fact that among all actors in international relations, only states have the capacity to use force

A) the anarchic nature of the system

Globalization is ________ A) the central trend in international relations today B) focused solely on economic development C) the management of territorial conflict D) not concerned with terrorism

A) the central trend in international relations today

To what recent evidence does Frankel point in showing that "centrifugal forces" are still at work in the global economy? A) the creation of multiple new nations out of the ruins of the former Soviet Union B) the emergence of regional trade blocs C) the breakdown of world trade talks D) the erection of new tariff barriers E) the increase in the number of wars fought between nations since 1990

A) the creation of multiple new nations out of the ruins of the former Soviet Union

According to one of the theories within the broad theoretical approach of realism, conflicts between middle powers and smaller states can be resolved or contained by _____________. A) the hegemon B) diplomats C) state leaders D) economists

A) the hegemon

What historical event of phenomenon does Frankel use to support the argument that globalization is not irreversible? A) the political forces that fragmented the world between 1914 and 1944 B) the decline in world trade and manufacturing during the initial years of the Cold War C) the global recession and corresponding reduction in trade of the 2008-2009 period D) the fragmentation of states resulting from the collapse of the Soviet Union E) the global contraction of trade and wealth that resulted from both energy commodity scares and protectionist measures in the early 1970's

A) the political forces that fragmented the world between 1914 and 1944

What does Art mean by "spill-over effect"? A) the use of military force necessarily affect nonmilitary policy domains B) the more military force a state acquires, the more influence it will have in international relations C) when a state increases its military power, it also necessarily enhances it economic and political power

A) the use of military force necessarily affect nonmilitary policy domains

Which of the following best approximates the goal Morgenthau's theory of political realism? A) to simplify the complex world of international politics B) to illustrate the dangers of war C) to describe the dynamics of international politics as accurately as possible D) to highlight the immorality of international politics E) to provide a photograph, rather than a portrait, of international politics

A) to simplify the complex world of international politics

The system by which Roosevelt believed an advanced nation would help a backward people evolve towards full independence came to be known as A) trusteeship B) protectorate

A) trusteeship

The current constellation of power in the international system could best be described as a __________ system. A) unipolar B) multipolar C) tripolar D) bipolar

A) unipolar

Fearon argues that it is puzzling to see states choosing war because A) war is inherently a gamble B) two adversaries are always likely to lose more than they gain by fighting C) there is probably no issue--or few--upon which it is impossible for states to reach a negotiated agreement

A) war is inherently a gamble

Dollar diplomacy in Central America ______ implemented with the backing of US military power A) was B) was not

A) was

Dollar diplomacy in Central America _______________ implemented with the backing of US military power. A) was B) was not

A) was

According to Walt, under what circumstances is security best achieved? A) when most states respond to a threat by uniting against it B) when most states acquiesce just enough to a threat in order to satisfy the threat's basic goals C) when the number of states that combine with a threat is roughly equal to the number of states that oppose the threat D) when most states establish commonality of vision and purpose.

A) when most states respond to a threat by uniting against it

According to the concept of bounded rationality, decision makers _______________. A) will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria B) use historical analogies in responding to a situation C) will choose the best response to a situation D) make choices within the boundaries established by groups within the government

A) will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria

According to Waltz, what must an international organization do to function effectively?

It must acknowledge the essentially anarchic ad decentralized nature of the international system

A) True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutions affect state behavior through functions such as providing information, reducing transaction costs, making commitments more credible and facilitating reciprocity A) True B) False

A) True

Machiavelli argued that republics are not pacifistic and are actually the best form of state for imperial expansion A) True B) False

B) False

Mearsheimer's central conclusion is that institutions hold great promise for promoting stability in the international system A) True B) False

B) the repression of domestic political dissent

Military forces are used by States to fight or threaten wars, for surveillance of drug trafficking, for human assistance, and for _______. A) creating policy B) the repression of domestic political dissent C) the surveillance of trafficking in automobiles D) controlling domestic violence

A) the repression of domestic political dissent

Military forces are used by States to fight or threaten wars, for surveillance of drug trafficking, for human assistance, and for _______. A) the repression of domestic political dissent B) creating policy C) the surveillance of trafficking in automobiles D) controlling domestic violence

Which of the following scholars/philosophers does NOT hold a pessimistic view of human nature? A) Spinoza B) Hans Morgentheu C) St. Augustine D) Norman Angell E) Reinhold Niebuhr

Norman Angell

B) the Missile Technology Control Regime

North Korea, in 2012, succeeded in testing a long-range missile with a transcontinental reach. This is an example of the failure of _______. A) weapons proliferation B) the Missile Technology Control Regime C) the Biological Weapons Convention D) the Chemical Weapons Convention

B) the Missile Technology Control Regime

North Korea, in 2012, succeeded in testing a long-range missile with a transcontinental reach. This is an example of the failure of _______. A) weapons proliferation B) the Missile Technology Control Regime C) the Chemical Weapons Convention D) the Biological Weapons Convention

Fearon argues that under certain conditions, states will choose war instead of peace. Which of the following do these conditions include? A) States may choose war as a means through which to show off their military might. B) States may choose war if they cannot reach a mutually preferable negotiated settlement with an adversary. C) States may choose war as a way to camouflage their own weaknesses.

States may choose war if they cannot reach a mutually preferable negotiated settlement with an adversary.

Fearon says states have incentives to misrepresent their capabilities and resolve. What are these incentives? A) States misrepresent because it gives them a first-strike advantage B) They hope their misrepresentation will focus the adversary away from their weakness C) States misrepresent because they want their adversaries to respect them

States misrepresent because it gives them a first-strike advantage

The most crucial aspect of _____ is demobilizing and disarming militias

Postwar transition

The most crucial aspect of _____ is demobilizing and disarming militias A) Postwar transition B) Representing factions C) Economic reconstruction D) International organizations

Postwar transition

In 2011 Libyan revolutionaries fought dictator Muammar Gaddafi, eventually receiving support from NATO and the U.S., leading to a rebel victory. This is an example in the altering of what?

Power estimation

Which group has been found to be more prone to warfare than contemporary society?

Preagricultural hunter-gatherer societies

. Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because it is _______. A) Inherently warlike B) Less peaceful than other religions C) Predominant in an area of conflict D) Moving into traditionally secular areas

Predominant in an area of conflict

Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because it is _______.

Predominant in an area of conflict

New Look

President Dwight Eisenhower's shift in security strategy that enlarged the role of nuclear weapons & created new military alliances to constrain the Soviet Union & China

New World Order

President George HW Bush's characterization of the emerging post-Cold War international system, emphasizing democratization, economic globalization & multilateral cooperation

Truman Doctrine

President Harry Truman's pledge to provide military aid to Greece & Turkey to help overcome internal communist revolts, & more broadly, to support "free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures"

Which of the following statements summarizes the holding of the Supreme Court in the 1971 Pentagon Papers case?

President Nixon could not claim executive privilege to withhold information regarding the Vietnam War.

Roosevelt Corollary

President Theodore Roosevelt's 1904 expansion of the Monroe Doctrine proclaiming that the Untied States had authority to act as an "international police power" outside its borders in order to maintain stability in the Western Hemisphere

Which of the following flows from Fearon's assumption that states are rational actors? A) State leaders make most of their choices in the state's best interests. B) Wars are the result of mistakes rather than state choices. C) The majority of state issues present clear opportunities for compromise. D) States prefer peace to war because it is less costly and risky.

States prefer peace to war because it is less costly and risky.

Which elements of Fearon's argument flows from his concept of the international system as anarchic? A) States may lack capabilities to launch preventive wars. B) Anarchy precludes order, thereby negating any possibility of cooperation between states. C) Preventative wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state. D) The presence of hierarchy limits negotiated agreements between states.

Preventative wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state.

Which of the following must be associated with each possible outcome of an action when there is uncertainty about costs and benefits of actions?

Probabilities

Which of the following must be associated with each possible outcome of an action when there is uncertainty about costs and benefits of actions? A) Standard operating procedures B) Low-level decisions C) Probabilities D) The pursuit of national interests

Probabilities

Which of the following is not true of intermestic policies? A) They are determined largely by the president. B) They mobilize local and state interest groups. C) They may involve immigration issues. D) They may involve trade issues.

They are determined largely by the president.

Which of the following aspects regarding interest groups is correct?

They are organized in order to influence the outcome in political issues.

Which of the following aspects regarding interest groups is correct? A) They are organized in order to influence the outcome in political issues. B) They have a great deal of influence on foreign policy C) They are coalitions of people who share a common interest in the outcome of a neighborhood issue D) They have a nearly endless supply of funding.

They are organized in order to influence the outcome in political issues.

C) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency

The following is true about counterinsurgency: _______. A) it is less widespread than during the Cold War B) it is a complex type of warfare because it has both a military strategy and political goals C) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency D) the government need not conduct a public relations campaign to convince the population to abandon the insurgency

B) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency

The following is true about counterinsurgency: _______. A) the government need not conduct a public relations campaign to convince the population to abandon the insurgency B) the government must show its responsiveness to the educational industry in order to convince the population to abandon the insurgency C) it is a complex type of warfare because it has both a military strategy and political goals D) it is less widespread than during the Cold War

A) Coordinating information and planning by international agencies and programs

The functions of the United Nations include which of the following? A) Coordinating information and planning by international agencies and programs B) Promoting oceanic and forestry development in the global South C) Providing a forum in which tribes can settle disputes without the use of force D) Coercing states into abiding by international law

Sovereignty

The highest level of political authority maintained by secular nation-states. Affirmed in the 1649 Treaty of Westphalia, which rejected political control by religious authorities and the divine right of kings

How is the identity principle distinguishes from the dominance and reciprocity principles?

The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest

Geopolitics

The impact of geographical factors on the distribution of global power & the foreign policies of states

Which of the following historic events provides the best examples of bureaucratic inefficiency?

The invasion of Grenada in 1983

Judicial Noninterference

The judicial branch's reluctance to intervene in conflicts between the executive & legislative branches due to its traditional view of these interbranch conflicts as "political" in nature

Anarchy

The lack of a world government to regulate & restrain the behavior of countries, a condition emphasized by structural realists as the defining feature of world politics

When many colonies in Africa and Asia gained independence in the 1950s and 1960s and joined the United Nations, what was the impact in voting?

The large numbers of new members meant that the United States found itself in the minority on many issues in the General Assembly

A) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets

The main difference between war and "classic" terrorism is that ________. A) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets B) the former seeks a psychological impact, whereas the latter seeks a territorial impact C) the former utilizes nonuniformed forces, whereas the latter utilizes uniformed forces of the state D) the former has political goals, whereas the latter has military goals

B) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets

The main difference between war and "classic" terrorism is that ________. A) the former seeks a psychological impact, whereas the latter seeks a territorial impact B) the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets C) the former has political goals, whereas the latter has military goals D) the former utilizes nonuniformed forces, whereas the latter utilizes uniformed forces of the state

Globalization

The melding of national & regional markets into a single world market with limited political barriers to commerce

D) Postwar transition

The most crucial aspect of _____ is demobilizing and disarming militias A) Economic reconstruction B) International organizations C) Representing factions D) Postwar transition

A) Egypt

The most important center of the nonviolent Sunni fundamentalist movement, called Salafis is currently in which country? A) Egypt B) Jordan C) Afghanistan D) Turkey

Operation Desert Storm

The name of the 1991 US-led counteroffensive against Iraq to eject its forces from Kuwait

Which administration was criticized for allowing domestic problems and the realities of power politics to overwhelm its initial idealism?A) The Obama administration B) The Bush administration C) The Clinton administration D) The Reagan administration

The obama adminstration

Causal beliefs

The perceptions that an individual decision maker holds regarding the most likely functional links among policy problems, their sources & alternative solutions to solve them

Logrolling

The practice of "trading" legislative votes in which a member of Congress supports one measure with the expectation of garnering support from other legislators for a separate measure

Which of the following is characteristic of terrorism? A) Terrorists are acting to gain leverage against nonstate actors B) Terrorist acts are typically random acts with no clear goal in mind C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological D) Acts of terrorism kill hundreds of thousands of people every year

The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following is true regarding international regimes?

They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.

Which of the following is true regarding international regimes? A) They can help solve gender gap problems by increasing transparency. B) They deconstruct frameworks to coordinate states' actions. C) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.

They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.

A) Predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one

Theories of the causes of war at the interstate level of analysis ______. A) Predict that war occurs when power is relatively equally distributed and a rising power is threatening to overtake a declining one B) Refute the position that today's military technology is too powerful to use in most conflicts C) Provide a more accurate basis for predicting future wars than any of the other levels of analysis D) Are not as contradictory as the individual or domestic levels of analysis

What treaty is commonly thought of as the start of the modern international system?

Treaty of Westphalia

A central player among Syrian rebels in the Syrian civil war is an Islamist faction. (T/F)

True

A current example of an international regime is the International Monetary Fund. A) True B) False

True

A current example of an international regime is the International Monetary Fund. (T/F)

True

A potential problem of forming an alliance is that great powers will be dragged into wars with each other if their respective client states go to war (T/F)

True

A potential problem of forming an alliance is that great powers will be dragged into wars with each other if their respective client states go to war.

True

A realist likely believes that, "The national interest is defined as the acquisition, and retention, of power."

True

A realist likely believes that, "The national interest is defined as the acquisition, and retention, of power." (T/F)

True

A sibling who achieves the position of power through a struggle between his/her siblings is an example of dominance (T/F)

True

A sibling who achieves the position of power through a struggle between his/her siblings is an example of dominance.

True

According to Schumpeter, export monopolists push for imperialist expansion as a way to expand their closed markets

True

According to Schumpeter, export monopolists push for imperialist expansion as a way to expand their closed markets (T/F)

True

Because positive gains from economic activities are more effective inducements than negative threats of violence, economic conflicts lead to violence much less often than do territorial disputes. (T/F)

True

Consensus around decisions is requisite among all members in institutions like the World Trade Organization and European Union. A) True B) False

True

Consensus around decisions is requisite among all members in institutions like the World Trade Organization and European Union. (T/F)

True

Deterrence is defined as the threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action (T/F)

True

German utilization of speedy offensives via railroads in the Franco-Prussian War was an example of the cult of the defensive.

True

Institutions are typically formalized in international agreements and can be embedded in organizations A) True B) False

True

Institutions are typically formalized in international agreements and can be embedded in organizations (T/F)

True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutionalist theory is utilitarian and rationalistic, like realism (T/F)

True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutionalist theory is utilitarian and rationalistic, like realism A) True B) False

True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutions affect state behavior through functions such as providing information, reducing transaction costs, making commitments more credible and facilitating reciprocity A) True B) False

True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutions affect state behavior through functions such as providing information, reducing transaction costs, making commitments more credible and facilitating reciprocity (T/F)

True

Machiavelli argued that republics are not pacifistic and are actually the best form of state for imperial expansion

True

Machiavelli argued that republics are not pacifistic and are actually the best form of state for imperial expansion (T/F)

True

Reciprocity can be enforced without any central authority

True

Reciprocity can be enforced without any central authority (T/F)

True

Slantchev argues that narrow self-interest explains the Concert of Europe's ability to reach a mutually acceptable territorial distribution (T/F)

True

Some international relations scholars argue that because war and military force are not very impactful in today's world, these means of influence are becoming obsolete. (T/F)

True

Spanish-American War accelerated the formal annexation of Hawaii by the US

True

The Rwandan genocide of Tutsis is a historical example of the concept of a crime against humanity. (T/F)

True

The ability to access busy officials, pitch cogent rationales for one's case, and trade infusions of cash in return for positive action on an issue are all key elements of successful lobbying (T/F)

True

The stemming of global warming is an example of a collective interest (T/F)

True

The stemming of global warming is an example of a collective interest.

True

True or False According to Blyth, European member nations of NATO have been riding on the generosity of the U.S. security umbrella since the Second World War

True

True or False Area under imperial control increased after the First World War

True

True or False President Nixon tried to withhold information about US raids inside Cambodia and Laos during the Vietnam War

True

True or False Spanish-American War accelerated the formal annexation of Hawaii by the US

True

True or False The planning & pursuit of the Cold War played an integral role in the conception & growth of American military-industrial complex

True

True or False US incursion into Cambodia was intended to improve the prospects of Vietnamization

True

True or False Woodrow Wilson was responsive to the political campaigns carried out by peace groups on the war with Mexico.

True

True or False Woodrow Wilson was responsive to the political campaigns carried out by peace groups to avoid a war with Mexico.

True

Woodrow Wilson was responsive to the political campaigns carried out by peace groups to avoid a war with Mexico.

True

True or False Nixon's hard line against Japan in trade negotiations was related to his "southern strategy"

True?

US policy of containment is associated with which US President?

Truman

The purpose of _____ is to help the postwar society to heal and move forward by bringing to light what really happened during the war by offering asylum from punishment to the participants

Truth commissions

What can the permanent members of the UN Security Council do that nonpermanent members cannot?

Veto resolutions

C) tends to be a last resort

Violence as a means of leverage ________. A) is costly to the attacked, but not to the attacker B) typically is used before economic actions or foreign aid C) tends to be a last resort D) is the most cost-effective means of leverage

C) tends to be a last resort

Violence as a means of leverage ________. A) is the most cost-effective means of leverage B) is costly to the attacked, but not to the attacker C) tends to be a last resort D) typically is used before economic actions or foreign aid

C) Its decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states

What is the one way in which the power of the UN Security Council is limited? A) Member states adhere to Security Council resolutions B) Eight of the ten nonpermanent members can override a permanent member's veto C) Its decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states D) The UN General Assembly can override its decisions

Which of the following describes Rodrik's view of the the Doha Development Round trade negotiations? A) Low-income, food importing countries have been helped by negotiations. B) These negotiations have failed to substantially reduce border barriers in agricultural trade. C) This round of negotiations has experienced great success since its launch in 2001. D) The prospective gains from a successful completion of these negotiations is quite substantial. E) As a result of its success, there is considerable support and political momentum behind the Doha Round.

These negotiations have failed to substantially reduce border barriers in agricultural trade.

As of 2009, which of the following states was a nation that the United States accused of supporting international terrorism?

Sudan

___________is only informally recognized as a state, despite being a political entity often referred to as one.

Taiwan

When did the leaders of the "big three" allied powers that fought on the same side during World War II have their first meeting to discuss postwar strategy? A) Tehran, 1943 B) Brettenwoods, 1945 C) Dumbarton Oaks, 1944

Tehran, 1943

D) 12 miles

Territorial waters traditionally are recognized to extend how far from a state's coastline? A) 200 miles B) 5 miles C) 100 miles D) 12 miles

Which of the following IGOs perform collective security functions? A) The African Union B) The Organization of Armenian States C) The Organization of Islamic Conference D) The Southern League

The African Union

B) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications

The National Security Agency ______. A) is one of the smallest intelligence agencies B) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications C) was created by President Roosevelt to oversee the State Department D) is a unit within the National Security Council

C) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications

The National Security Agency ______. A) was created by President Roosevelt to oversee the State Department B) is a unit within the National Security Council C) is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications D) is one of the smallest intelligence agencies

The Iran-Contra scandal resulted from the activities of which government agency? A) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) B) The National Security Agency (NSA) C) The National Security Council (NSC) D) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

The National Security Council (NSC)

The Iran-Contra scandal resulted from the activities of which government agency? A) The National Security Agency (NSA) B) The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) C) The Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR) D) The National Security Council (NSC)

The National Security Council (NSC)

Which administration was criticized for allowing domestic problems and the realities of power politics to overwhelm its initial idealism?

The Obama administration

A) True

The Rwandan genocide of Tutsis is a historical example of the concept of a crime against humanity. A) True B) False

The Marshall Plan was a policy or organization designed to fight ________________.

The Soviet Union

D) Nationalism

The dissolving of huge multinational states such as Austria-Hungary is an example of the influence of what powerfully disruptive factor? A) Territorialism B) Internationalism C) Socialism D) Nationalism

Balance of Power

The distribution of resources & capabilities among nation-states. Also, in realist theory, a belief that global stability can be maintained when the strongest nation-states have roughly equal levels of power

D) kilotons, megatons

The explosive power of fission weapons is measured in _________, whereas the explosive power of fusion weapons is measured in _______. A) gigatons, millions B) megatons, gigatons C) kilotons, gigatons D) kilotons, megatons

D) kilotons, megatons

The explosive power of fission weapons is measured in _________, whereas the explosive power of fusion weapons is measured in _______. A) megatons, gigatons B) kilotons, gigatons C) gigatons, millions D) kilotons, megatons

B) False

The explosive split between Shi'ites and Sufis in Iraq played a key role in the regime of Saddam Hussein. A) True B) False

National style

The expression of cultural influences that have historically shaped a country's identity & approach to international relations

B) The Concert of Europe

The fifty-odd year period following the Napoleonic Wars is usually referred to as ____ A) The League of Nations B) The Concert of Europe C) The Congress of Vienna D) None of the above

Why might a state choose war over peace, according to Fearon? A) a state might have imperfect information about how its abilities and resolve compare to that of its adversary B) a state may pursue war as a power play C) a state may be unwilling to invest in the time it takes to establish peace agreements

a state might have imperfect information about how its abilities and resolve compare to that of its adversary

According to Waltz, an understanding of international politics requires

a system theory that treats international politics as a distinct system

The pre-World War II strength of the State department was __________ employees, which increased to more than _________ in its aftermath a) 5,000; 20,000 b) 4,000; 40,000 c) 1,000; 10,000 d) 2,000; 20,000

a) 5,000; 20,000

Although the Department of State's budget rose to over $18 billion in 2012, what percentage of the national defense budget did that really represent? a) About 2 percent b) About 4 percent c) About 6 percent d) About 8 percent

a) About 2 percent

Which of the following is a factor that likely explains the choices of the U.S. to be isolationists of internationalists in its foreign policy in the 20th century? a) American security concerns b) Regional economic considerations c) International law & organizations d) International hegemony considerations

a) American security concerns

Which of the following institution of the "eastern foreign policy establishment" was set up just after the end of WWI? a) Council on Foreign Relations b) Center for American Progress c) American Enterprise Institute

a) Council on Foreign Relations

"Foggy Bottom" is the popular nickname of which federal agency? a) Department of State b) Department of Homeland Security c) Department of Defense d) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

a) Department of State

Which vice president is said to have had "unprecedented" authority in foreign policy making? a) Dick Chaney b) Al Gore c) Dan Quayle d) Karl Rove

a) Dick Chaney

Which of the following European countries witnessed revolts against the governments in the 1950s, encouraged by the "New Look" policies adopted by the Eisenhower administration a) East Germany b) Spain c) Portugal d) Hungary e) Poland

a) East Germany d) Hungary e) Poland

US Captain Alfred Mahan influenced years of security policy by calling for which of the following grand strategies for the United States? a) Expansion of naval forces and bases b) Expansion of aerial forces and bases c) Protection of the mainland of the United States d) Increase in military alliance

a) Expansion of naval forces and bases

Who among the following resisted the consensus within the postwar US foreign policy establishment to get tough with Soviet Union & oppose Marxist dogma? a) Henry Wallace b) George Kennan c) Paul Nitze

a) Henry Wallace

Which of the following foreign policy issues was partially responsible for precipitating the collapse of the popularity of President Carter & eventual defeat in his re-election bid? a) Iranian hostage crisis b) Camp David Accord c) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan d) Panama Canal Treaty

a) Iranian hostage crisis

Which term best describes U.S. foreign policy during the period between the two world wars (1918-1939)? A) Isolationist B) Containment C) Reactive D) Global hegemony

a) Isolationist

Since 1939, approximately what percent of US international agreements were in the form of executive agreements, not ratified by the Senate? a) More than 90 percent b) 50 percent c) Less than 1 percent d) 25 percent

a) More than 90 percent

The Spanish-American War ended Spain's empire in which South-East Asian country? A) Philippines B) Thailand C) Samoa

a) Philippines

Which of the following can be listed among the consequences of the First World War? There can be more than one correct answer a) Punitive negotiations were imposed on Germany b) US joined the League of Nations c) Austro-Hungarian empire broke up

a) Punitive negotiations were imposed on Germany c) Austro-Hungarian empire broke up

Which of the following can be listed among the consequences of the First World War? There can be more than one answer a) Punitive reparations were imposed on Germany b) US joined the League of Nations c) Austro-Hungarian empire broke up

a) Punitive reparations were imposed on Germany c) Austro-Hungarian empire broke up

Which of the following officials is not a statuary member of the National Security Council? a) Secretary of homeland security b) Chairman of the Joint Chief of Staff c) Vice President d) Secretary of State

a) Secretary of homeland security

In 1983, the airliner of which country was shot down by Soviet jet fighters? a) South Korea b) Japan c) France d) West Germany e) Great Britain

a) South Korea

Which of the following is true about US policy towards the apartheid regime in South Africa during the 1970s & 1980s? a) Students across US college campuses took up the cause of imposing economic sanctions on South Africa b) There was policy continuity across the Carter & Reagan administrations c) President Carter vetoed a bill to impose sanctions on South Africa d) President Reagan vetoed a bill to impose sanctions on South Africa e) Labor unions led the fight to impose economic sanctions on South Africa f) There was no policy continuity across the Carter & Reagan administrations g) Congress passed a bill imposing sanctions on South Africa with a veto-proof majority

a) Students across US college campuses took up the cause of imposing economic sanctions on South Africa d) President Reagan vetoed a bill to impose sanctions on South Africa f) There was no policy continuity across the Carter & Reagan administrations g) Congress passed a bill imposing sanctions on South Africa with a veto-proof majority

Who among the following Obama administration officials had to withdraw from consideration as a possible secretary of state due to fears of a lengthy, contentious confirmation process in the Senate? a) Susan Rice b) Hillary Clinton c) Samantha Power d) Richard Hollbrooke

a) Susan Rice

An example of successful intelligence gathering occurred in which of the following? a) The Cuban missile crisis b) The Iranian hostage crisis c) The Bay of Pigs invasion d) The Gulf of Tonkin incident

a) The Cuban missile crisis

The Marshall Plan was a policy of containment or organization designed to fight ____________ a) The Soviet Union b) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization c) detente d) Nazi Germany

a) The Soviet Union

Which advantage is not considered to be an informal power of the president? a) The ability to appoint foreign ambassadors b) The position as a political party leader c) The ability to control information d) The ability to claim a national constituency

a) The ability to appoint foreign ambassadors

Which of the following countries were signatories to the Baghdad Pact of 1954? a) Turkey b) Israel c) Pakistan d) Morocco e) Jordan

a) Turkey c) Pakistan

Alexander Hamilton & Thomas Jefferson disagreed primarily about which aspect of foreign policy? a) Whether the US should be closer to France or Great Britain b) Whether foreign policy should be reactive or proactive c) Whether foreign policy should be multilateral or unilateral

a) Whether the US should be closer to France or Great Britain "An admirer of Great Britain's political & economic system, Hamilton thought the Untied States should establish itself as a major industrial power with a strong navy & close financial ties to foreign capitals, including London." About Jefferson "The new president moderated his staunch support for France, where he had previously served as ambassador." Pg. 38

Which of the following President's foreign policy rhetoric is said to have inspired anti-colonial nationalist movements against European powers? a) Woodrow Wilson b) Hoover c) Theodore Roosevelt d) Taft

a) Woodrow Wilson

An explanation of the US-led war of 2008 that focuses on the role of the neoconservatives is operating at the __________ of analysis a) Domestic b) Individual c) Interstate d) Global

a) domestic

According to Morgenthau, which of the following conditions is most likely to generate stability and peace in a realist world?

a balance of power

Cognitive Psychology

a branch of psychology concerned with mental processes (as perception, thinking, learning, and memory) especially with respect to the internal events occurring between sensory stimulation and the overt expression of behavior—compare behaviorism.

The Monroe Doctrine sought to limit the influence of the great powers of Europe over which countries? a) less-developed countries in Latin America b) Greece & Turkey c) Less-developed countries in the Middle East

a) less-developed countries in Latin America "The demise of the Spanish empire in Latin America, which led to the liberation of its colonies, paved the way for U.S. regional hegemony." Pg. 38-Hook

US foreign policies that are defended on moral & ethical grounds are often used to be noted in what characteristic of the America public? a) national exceptionalism b) prudent nature of viewing foreign affairs c) large civil society d) knowledge of foreign affairs

a) national exceptionalism

The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is __________ a) power b) absolute gains c) morality d) international law

a) power

A) The large numbers of new members meant that the United States found itself in the minority on many issues in the General Assembly

When many colonies in Africa and Asia gained independence in the 1950s and 1960s and joined the United Nations, what was the impact in voting? A) The large numbers of new members meant that the United States found itself in the minority on many issues in the General Assembly B) The Soviet Union used its veto in the Security Council more often to counterbalance the new members C) The Peoples' Republic of China took control of the Chinese vote in the UN D) Voting in the General Assembly shifted to one state, one vote, regardless of size

According to Keohane and Martin, when do states construct international institutions?

When states can jointly benefit from cooperation

According to Keohane and Martin, when do states construct international institutions? A) Only when great powers are in need of a military alliance B) When states can jointly benefit from cooperation C) Only when great powers want to use these institutions to unilaterally enact their own foreign policy more efficiently D) Only when powerful states want to increase their trade position with less powerful states

When states can jointly benefit from cooperation

D) Violent conflict would diminish the profit of economic transactions by more than could be gained by such conflict

Which factor contributes to determining whether or not economic conflict leads to violence? A) Privateering has been outlawed by the World Court, which has eliminated most conflicts B) The naval strength of the states in conflict deters economic conflict C) It is rarely an issue as most economic powers do not have strong military forces D) Violent conflict would diminish the profit of economic transactions by more than could be gained by such conflict

D) Preagricultural hunter-gatherer societies

Which group has been found to be more prone to warfare than contemporary society? A) Interstate actors B) East Asian medieval societies C) Domestic political leaders D) Preagricultural hunter-gatherer societies

D) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

Which is NOT an assumption of realism, according to Mearsheimer? A) States can never be certain about the intentions of other states B) The most basic motive driving states is survival C) The international system is characterized by anarchy D) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

D) Waltz

Which is NOT one of the theorists discussed in detail by Doyle in the article "Liberalism and World Politics"? A) Schumpeter B) Machiavelli C) Kant D) Waltz

A) Interests are likely to overlap more

Which of the following can explain why regional and specific IGOs have been the most successful in international relations compared to other types of IGOs? A) Interests are likely to overlap more B) There are fewer problems to deal with C) Power is less concentrated D) States are likely less invested in the IGO

C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge

Which of the following describes a recent cyberattack? A) The Iranian virus targeting Iraqi military industries B) The Saudi virus targeting Turkish oil industry computers C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge D) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting North Korea's nuclear centrifuge

C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge

Which of the following describes a recent cyberattack? A) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting North Korea's nuclear centrifuge B) The Saudi virus targeting Turkish oil industry computers C) The U.S.-Israeli virus targeting Iran's nuclear centrifuge D) The Iranian virus targeting Iraqi military industries

C) Uranium-235

Which of the following is a fissionable material? A) Deuterium-242 B) Hydrogen C) Uranium-235 D) Chromium-225

C) Uranium-235

Which of the following is a fissionable material? A) Hydrogen B) Deuterium-242 C) Uranium-235 D) Chromium-225

B) Electing members of certain UN agencies

Which of the following is a function of the UN General Assembly? A) Passing binding resolutions B) Electing members of certain UN agencies C) Controlling embassies D) Coordinating NATO programs and agencies

B) Russia

Which of the following is a permanent member of the UN Security Council? A) Japan B) Russia C) Colombia D) Wales

B) To administer UN policy and programs

Which of the following is a purpose of the UN Secretariat? A) To develop national civil servants whose loyalties are at the state level B) To administer UN policy and programs C) To serve as theoretical experts and military advisers on various programs and projects D) To represent their respective member states at the UN

D) Control of governments

Which of the following is a tangible interest over which conflict might occur? A) Military culture B) Gender differences C) Religious differences D) Control of governments

C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following is characteristic of terrorism? A) Acts of terrorism kill hundreds of thousands of people every year B) Terrorist acts are typically random acts with no clear goal in mind C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological D) Terrorists are acting to gain leverage against nonstate actors

B) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following is characteristic of terrorism? A) Terrorists are acting to gain leverage against nonstate actors B) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological C) Acts of terrorism kill hundreds of thousands of people every year D) Terrorist acts are typically random acts with no clear goal in mind

B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers

Which of the following statements regarding aircraft carriers is false? A) They are extremely expensive B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers C) They are instruments of power projection D) They are used as an instrument to imply a threat to use force

B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers

Which of the following statements regarding aircraft carriers is false? A) They are instruments of power projection B) Russia is the world leader in terms of operating aircraft carriers C) They are used as an instrument to imply a threat to use force D) They are extremely expensive

C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following statements regarding terrorism is true? A) It aims to embolden a civilian population in order to use its discontent as an advantage B) It refers to political peace acts that target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately C) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological D) Terrorism is an irrational, random use of violence

D) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

Which of the following statements regarding terrorism is true? A) It refers to political peace acts that target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately B) It aims to embolden a civilian population in order to use its discontent as an advantage C) Terrorism is an irrational, random use of violence D) The primary effect of terrorism is psychological

A) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control

Which of the following statements regarding the use of technology in the military is true? A) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control B) Naval technology uses special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, and ships to scatter enemy radar C) War has become more deadly over the years D) Electronic warfare refers to the uses of nuclear spectrum in war

C) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control

Which of the following statements regarding the use of technology in the military is true? A) Naval technology uses special radar-absorbent materials and unusual shapes in the design of aircraft, and ships to scatter enemy radar B) War has become more deadly over the years C) Cyberwar refers to disrupting enemy computer networks to degrade command and control D) Electronic warfare refers to the uses of nuclear spectrum in war

D) Liberal internationalism

Which of the liberal traditions outlined by Doyle does Kant belong to? A) Liberal pacifism B) Liberal imperialism C) Liberal militarism D) Liberal internationalism

D) Liberal militarism

Which of these is NOT one of the three traditions of liberalism discussed by Doyle? A) Liberal internationalism B) Liberal pacifism C) Liberal imperialism D) Liberal militarism

A) They can provide strategic advantages to the state in control

Which reason explains why the control of small islands causes serious interstate territorial disputes? A) They can provide strategic advantages to the state in control B) They can provide forest rights to the state in control C) They add to the overall size of a country D) They may contain important oceanic resources

A) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement

Which statement about Islamist movements is false? A) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement B) Islamists reject Western-oriented secular states in favor of governments more explicitly oriented to Islamic values C) Not all Islamist groups are violent D) Some Islamists aspire to create a single political state encompassing most of the Middle East

A) The United States is committed to NATO expansion, which Russia considers a threat to its security

Which statement describes an argument in favor of the position that a new cold War will emerge between the United States and Russia? A) The United States is committed to NATO expansion, which Russia considers a threat to its security B) Europe is divided in its support of either the United States or Russia C) Russia is committed to containing the United States' influence in Western Europe D) Strong Russian democracy creates tensions with the United States

D) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces

Which statement is characteristic of guerrilla war? A) Guerrilla fighters do not control any specific territory B) Civilians often expose the guerrillas to opposing forces C) Guerrilla fighters directly confront the enemy army D) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces

A) Military forces participate in operations against heavily armed traffickers

Why is drug trafficking considered an international security issue when other types of smuggling are not? A) Military forces participate in operations against heavily armed traffickers B) It violates states' legal control of their borders C) Conflicts involve states on one side and nonstate actors on the other D) It is illegal trade across international borders

Which of the following Senators was the leading voice of Peace Progressives in the 1920?

William Borah

C) India and Pakistan

__________ tested nuclear weapons in 1998. This is an example of a regional increase of tensions. A) South Africa and Egypt B) Israel and Syria C) India and Pakistan D) Argentina and Brazil

With respect to the role of bureaucratic agencies in foreign policy making, _______________.

bargaining among agencies suggests that a state doesn't have a single national interest

In 1971, in place of the nationalists in Taiwan, the delegation of the People's Republic of China was given China's seat in the UN. This is an example of the UN General Assembly's power to ______.

accredit national delegations as members of the UN

Diversionary foreign policy is ____________.

adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

Diversionary foreign policy is ____________. A) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues B) trying to influence elite opinions, which will, in turn, influence mass opinion C) lobbying foreign governments to change their foreign policy D) trying to confuse an adversary by sending mixed policy signals

adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

Some scholars believe that former secretary of state John Foster Dulles had such great personal prejudice against communism that he always assumed the worst of Soviet decision makers. This is an example of _______________. A) wishful thinking B) affective bias C) cognitive bias

affective bias

Since World War II, an international norm has developed ________.

against attempting to alter borders by force

The collective-goods problem is the problem of how to provide something that benefits ________ members of a group regardless of what each member contributes

all

Which of the following statements best characterizes Art's argument about the versatility of nuclear weapons? A) nuclear weapons are irrelevant to an assessment of the fungibility of military power B) nuclear weapons are not fungible as a power resource, but they are only one part of a state's total military power assets C) although nuclear weapons are not particularly useful for achieving certain specific goals, they do increase a state's political influence in the international realm D) if the United States had wanted to use nuclear weapons to force the election of an American UN secretary general, it could easily have done so successfully

although nuclear weapons are not particularly useful for achieving certain specific goals, they do increase a state's political influence in the international realm

Harry Truman based his decision to send troops into Korea in 1950 based onA) a resolution by the UN Security Council B) a resolution by NATO C) an authorization by the US Congress

an authorization by the US Congress

Which of the following would be sufficient to constitute a change in the structure of the international system, as defined by Waltz?

an increase in the number of great powers in the system from two to four

According to Morgenthau, a political theory cannot exist without

an understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power

According to Morgenthau, a political theory cannot exist without...

an understanding of interest that defines it in terms of power

Difference feminists argue that realism involves assumptions of masculinity because of the principle of ______________.

anarchic international politics and ordered domestic politics

International norms ________.

are sometimes institutionalized through organizations in which states participate to manage specific issues

International Regimes______________

are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions

International regimes __________.

are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions

International regimes __________. A) are weaker when embedded in permanent institutions B) are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions C) can exist only when there is a concentration of power in the international system D) can exist only when there is a dispersion of power in the international system

are stronger when embedded in permanent institutions

The UN's peacekeeping forces are __________.

assembled by the secretary-general each time a mission is deemed necessary

Groupthink is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately ___________ since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think the others support.

assessing consequences

Groupthink is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately ___________ since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think the others support. A) utilizing reverse psychology B) assessing consequences C) controlling the agenda D) applying internal dissonance

assessing consequences

The part of the population that stays informed about international issues is called the ___________ public. A) savvy B) attentive C) expert D) international

attentive

The Louisiana Purchase, expanding the United States westward, was negotiated at what price & from whom? a) $100 million, Spain b) $15 million, France c) $100 million, Great Britain d) $30 million, France

b) $15 million, France "French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte, who had regained the territory from Spain 2 years earlier, was unable to govern, let alone defend, such a massive amount of land in North America while pursuing his ambitions in Europe. He made the most of the situation by offering Louisiana to the Unite States for about $15 million." Pg. 37

In the 1990s, no more than __________ percent of American ever named a foreign policy question as the most important facing the country a) 1 b) 5 c) 15 d) 25

b) 5

The US trade representative is most likely to favor which of the following policies? a) Reducing US trade protectionism b) Access to foreign markets for US firms c) Free trade d) Free but fair trade

b) Access to foreign markets for US firms

Which of the following is a central irony of the president & foreign policy? a) All presidents have their own doctrines, which change the presidential doctrines before them b) Although presidents have a great deal of power in foreign policy making, few of them have foreign policy experience c) Most presidents are conditioned with foreign policy before entering office but have little opportunity to engage in it after they occupy the White House d) Presidents are more successful at military interventions than at making foreign economic policy

b) Although presidents have a great deal of power in foreign policy making, few of them have foreign policy experience

Which president best represents the collegial model of foreign policy management? a) Harry Truman b) Bill Clinton c) George W. Bush d) Ronald Reagan

b) Bill Clinton

In 1998, Congress rejected which of the following large-scale multinational cooperation efforts? a) Baruch Plan b) Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty c) The International Strategic Defense Initiative d) Anti-Ballsitic Missile Treaty

b) Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty

Which was the Central/South American country where the US-trained Guardia Nacional was instituted for the first time? a) Chile b) Dominican Republic c) Haiti d) Nicaragua

b) Dominican Republic

Which of the following statements regarding presidential foreign policy power is true? a) The Case-Zablocki Act required the president to get approval by two-thirds of the Senate to issue an executive agreement b) Executive agreements do not require Senate or House approval c) The Case-Zablocki act allowed the president to issue an executive agreements for national security purposes d) The War Powers Resolution of 1973 gave the president the ability to declare war

b) Executive agreements do not require Senate or House approval

The Dawes plan was an US intervention in a dispute between a) Great Britain & Germany b) France & Germany c) Russia & France d) Russia & Great Britain

b) France & Germany

Which president best represents the formalistic model of foreign policy management? a) Lyndon Johnson b) George W Bush c) Franklin Roosevelt d) Ronald Reagan

b) George W Bush

The American post-World War II boom led ___________ to call the US an "affluent society" that bred a certain level of complacency & retreat from the reformist spirit of the New Deal a) Harry Truman b) John Kenneth Gallbraith c) Joseph McCarthy d) John Maynard Keynes

b) John Kenneth Gallbraith

Which of the following agreements attempted to outlaw war by bargaining certain types of modern military weapons? a) Pact of Paris b) Kellogg-Briand Pact c) Truman Doctrine d) Marshall Plan

b) Kellogg-Briand Pact

The Weinberger doctrine was in response to US in which country? a) Angola b) Lebanon c) Jordan d) Nicaragua

b) Lebanon

Which of the following nations was called in the 1950s "America's most allied ally" a) Jordan b) Pakistan c) Saudi Arabia d) Iran

b) Pakistan

Which of the following statements summarizes the holding of the Supreme Court in the 1971 Pentagon Papers case? a) Congress could not conduct hearings regarding President Nixon's withholding of national security information because of the political nature of the issue b) President Nixon could not claim executive privilege to withhold information regarding the Vietnam War c) Congress must approve all military deployments d) President Nixon could claim executive privilege to withhold information regarding the Vietnam War

b) President Nixon could not claim executive privilege to withhold information regarding the Vietnam War

The policy of using covert arms shipments to change the status quo in favor of the "free world" was the central feature of the a) Eisenhower doctrine b) Reagan doctrine c) Truman doctrine d) Nixon doctrine

b) Reagan doctrine

Which of the following is NOT an illustration of congressional dominance over the president in foreign policy? a) Smoot-Hawley Act b) Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act c) Jackson-Vanik Agreement d) Versailles Treaty

b) Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act

Which of the following defense programs was crucial to President Reagan's reelection in 1984? a) ABM b) SDI c) INF d) AWACs

b) SDI

Which of the following phrases best describes organizational culture? a) The way bureaucracies adjust following elections b) Shared values, norms, goals & functional priorities c) A lack of complete rationality in decision making d) Year-to-year changes in the makeup and mission of an organization or agency

b) Shared values, norms, goals & functional priorities

The Yalta conference is significant because of which reason? a) Japan surrendered to the Allies b) Soviet Union agreed to become part of the UN c) IMF & IBRD were created

b) Soviet Union agreed to become part of the UN

Which institution was not formed by the Brettonwoods system? a) The International Monetary Fund b) The World Trade Organization c) The World Bank d) The General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade

b) The World Trade Organization

Which of the following is not an example of the president's discretion as commander-in-chief? a) President Nixon withholding information about Cambodia & Laos during the Vietnam War b) The decision of President George H.W. Bush to appoint John Tower as the Secretary of Defense c) Lack of congressional approval for President Truman's use of atomic bombs during WWII d) Suspension of constitutional freedoms by President Lincoln during the Civil War

b) The decision of President George H.W. Bush to appoint John Tower as the Secretary of Defense

What was the alleged goal of Reagan's Star Wars programs? a) To defend the planet from potential extraterrestrial attacks b) To fight the Soviet Union for dominance in outer space c) To develop space-based interceptors that could shut down nuclear missiles in midflight d) To develop the technology to launch nuclear missiles from outer space against the Soviet Union

c) To develop space-based interceptors that could shut down nuclear missiles in midflight

What was the function of the "Church Committee"? a) To ensure the continuing separation between church & state b) To identify & charge communist sympathizers c) To investigate whether covert CIA operations were violating national & international laws along with American values d) To evaluate federally funded nonprofit organizations to ensure their missions had secular aims

c) To investigate whether covert CIA operations were violating national & international laws along with American values

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the ___________ a) Council for Mutual Economic Assistance b) Eastern Alliance c) Warsaw Pact

c) Warsaw Pact

Who made the famous "Iron Curtain" speech that is said to have officially marked the beginning of the Cold War? a) Harry Truman b) George Kennan c) Winston Churchill d) Clement Atlee

c) Winston Churchill

The Clinton administration's national security strategy was referred to as a) progressive internationalism b) primacy & preemption c) engagement & enlargement d) triangulation

c) engagement & enlargement On Bill Clinton "His national security policy of 'engagement & enlargement' presumed that closer interactions between countries, primarily on economic matters, would provide collective benefits to them while discouraging defections from, or challenges to, the status quo. Pg. 64-Hook

Which of the following best describes Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy? a) realism b) isolationism c) idealism

c) idealism

Working through international institutions to achieve foreign policy goals is the preference of ______________ a) isolationists b) realists c) multilateralists d) unilateralists

c) multilateralists

According to Blyth, the European Union is very fragile because it is based on a _________ consensus a) democratic b) unilateral c) technocratic d) hegemonic

c) technocratic

A security dilemma occurs when _____________ a) supply lines are threatened b) governments are unable to decide on a comprehensive security strategy c) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states d) budget constrains don't allow for proper domestic security means

c) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states

The post-Cold War era is _______________.

characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease

According to Blyth, ____________% of the world population can produce abundant goods to meet current levels of global demand a) 20 b) 1 c) 10 d) 5

c) 10

Which of the following factors can explain why the U.S. is ambiguous about the use of multilateralism in its foreign policy? a) Skepticism about the abilities & goals of international organizations b) The cost of dues to multinational organizations such as the UN c) America's superpower status d) Lack of the ability to disband international organizations

c) America's superpower status

In 1983, the US embassy in which city was bombed causing scores of American casualties? a) Islamabad b) Amman c) Beirut d) Dubai

c) Beiruit

Which president's grand strategy called for "engagement and enlargement" of democratic norms & markets of US foreign policy? a) Jimmy Carter b) George W. Bush c) Bill Clinton d) John F. Kennedy

c) Bill Clinton

Which of the following advisors of President George H.W. Bush opposed the use of force against Iraq in response to its invasion of Kuwait? a) Jim baker b) Brent Scowcroft c) Colin Powell d) Dick Chaney

c) Colin Powell

Which of the following events in the post-WWII period probably brought the U.S. & the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war? a) U.S. involvement in Vietnam b) Korean War c) Cuban Missile Crisis d) Building of the Berlin War

c) Cuban Missile Crisis

The Secretary of defense under President George W. Bush and the figure who sought a "revolution in military affairs" was _____________ a) Antony lake b) Robert Gates c) Donald Rumsfeld d) Condoleezza Rice

c) Donald Rusmfeld

As a result of the Camp David accords, which was the first Arab nation to recognize Israel's right to exist? a) Jordan b) Syria c) Egypt d) Saudi Arabia

c) Egypt

Which of the following statements bests describes the system of governance surrounding the president & foreign policy? a) The president was intended to possess all foreign policy powers b) Congress was intended to have few foreign policy powers beyond declaring war c) Foreign policy powers were specifically divided between Congress & the president d) Congress was intended to possess all foreign policy powers but those of waging wars

c) Foreign policy powers were specifically divided between Congress & the president

Which of the following is not a result of the Goldwater-Nichols Act (also known as the Defense Reorganization Act of 1986)? a) New links between agencies within the Defense Department b) Increased power of regional commands around the globe c) Greater role of the national security adviser d) Greater power of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

c) Greater role of the national security adviser

Which president's doctrine lasted nearly half a century as a centerpiece of US foreign policy strategy? a) James Monroe b) Alexander Hamilton c) Harry Truman d) Thomas Jefferson

c) Harry Truman

Which public official was the architect of detente & President Nixon's national security adviser? a) George Kennan b) Brent Scrowoft c) Henry Kissinger d) Anthony Lake Zbingniew Brezeniski

c) Henry Kissinger "Nixon assigned his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, the task of designing a strategy that recognized thee new realities. Kissinger, a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany & a passionate advocate of US primacy, soon settled on detente..." Pg. 59

Hawley-Smoot Act represented which of the following trends in post-World War I US foreign policy? a) Progressivism b) Idealism c) Isolationism d) Protectionism e) Economic Nationalism

c) Isolationism d) Protectionism e) Economic Nationalism

US embassies in which one of the following countries suffered terrorist attacks in 1998? a) Saudi Arabia b) Pakistan c) Kenya d) Ghana

c) Kenya

The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the _____________ a) United Nations b) North Atlantic Treaty Organization c) League of Nations d) European Community

c) League of Nations

Who was President John F. Kennedy's national security adviser & one of the first policy advocates to hold the position? a) Allan Dulles b) Dean Acheson c) McGeorge Bundy d) Henry Kissinger

c) McGeorge Bundy

The Iran-Contra affair implicated the US covert actions in which country? a) Iraq b) El Salvador c) Nicaragua d) Guatemala

c) Nicaragua

Which of the following is true about US policy towards the apartheid regime in South Africa during the 1970s and 1980s? A) There was policy continuity across the Carter and Reagan administrations B) Labor unions led the fight to impose economic sanctions on South Africa C) Students across US college campuses took up the cause of imposing economic sanctions on South Africa D) Congress passed a bill imposing sanctions on South Africa, but without a veto-proof majority E) Congress passed a bill imposing sanctions on South Africa with a veto-proof majority F) There was no policy continuity across the Carter and Reagan administrations G) President Carter vetoed a bill to impose sanctions on South Africa H) President Reagan vetoed a bill to impose sanctions on South Africa

c) Students across US college campuses took up the cause of imposing economic sanctions on South Africa e) Congress passed a bill imposing sanctions on South Africa with a veto-proof majority f) There was no policy continuity across the Carter & Reagan administraiton h) President Reagan vetoed a bill to impose sanctions on South Africa

Author and former State Department official Francis Fukuyama attained celebrity status for which book? a) Manufacturing Consent b) End of Illusion c) The End of History and the Last Man d) The End of Ideology and the Last Man

c) The End of History and the Last Man

Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty calls for members to come to the defense of a fellow member under attack. It was invoked for the first time when _______________ a) Ethiopia attacked Somalia b) The Soviet Union & East Germany constructed the Berlin Wall c) The U.S. came under terrorist attack in 2001 d) Serbs attacked Bosnia in 1994

c) The U.S. came under terrorist attack in 2001

The United States ultimately entered into WWI after which of the following events occurred? a) The Soviet Union & China declaring themselves communist nations b) The bombing of Pearl Harbor c) The destruction of the Lusitania ship d) The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

c) The destruction of the Lusitania ship "Any hopes for US noninvolvement ended in May 1915, when a German submarine destroyed the British ocean liner Lusitania, whose passengers had included 128 American citizens. Pg. 43 *Note-Even though the sinking of the Lusitania happened in May of 1915, the United States did not declare war on Germany until 1917 due to German submarine warfare.

Who among the following is known as the father of the modern US Army as well as the "eastern foreign policy establishment" that provides the platform for the ideas that dominated US foreign policy since the 1890s?

elihu root

When Yugoslavia fell apart_____________

ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes

An identity solution to the collective goods problem in international relations can be explained by objective, material self-interest of some nation-states (T/F)

false

The Marshall Plan failed to achieve its objectives.

false

The core thesis of Norman Angell's "The Great Illusion" was that capitalism would exacerbate conflict among nations and encourages powerful nations to build large empires and acquire territories

false

Ideology _______. A) decreases conflicts between states more than it causes them B) tends to increase in importance after a revolution, replaced by national interests C) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do D) causes conflict more frequently than any other factor

has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do

Public Opinion________________

has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

Public opinion ___________.

has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

Public opinion ___________. A) has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments B) influences foreign policy decisions but is not influenced by them C) has more effect on foreign policy than domestic policy in democracies D) has greater force in authoritarian governments that in democracies

has greater force in democracies than in authoritarian governments

According to the UN Charter, states __________.

have full sovereignty over their own affairs

Ballistic missiles __________.

have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend

The Iran-Contra scandal resulted from the activities of which government agency?

he National Security Council (NSC)

Congress imposed ______________ tariffs in the 1920s.

high

What does Ghemawat find "most astonishing" about the writings of globalization proponents? A) the poor quality of the arguments presented B) how much they exaggerate the extent of globalization C) their ability to predict accurately the effects of globalization D) that so few people have written about so important of a phenomenon E) the recognition that in a world of globalization, national borders are irrelevant.

how much they exaggerate the extent of globalization

Theodore Roosevelt's stewardship theory called for which of the following? a) A dominant president only in domestic affairs b) A dominant president only during times of war c) A dominant president only in foreign affairs d) A dominant president in all policy areas where the Constitution remains silent

d) A dominant president in all policy areas where the constitution remains silent

What was the main foreign policy strategy during the Cold War? a) Isolationism b) Primacy c) Unilateralism d) Containment

d) Containment Containment-The U.S. strategy devised by U.S. diplomat George Kennan at the start of the Cold War to prevent Soviet expansion. A midrange alternative to the extremes of U.S. withdrawal from global activism & direct military conflict with the Soviet Union. Pg. 444

Which of the following is not a power given to the president by the Constitution? a) Serving as commander in chief of the armed forces b) Signing treaties c) Appointing cabinet secretaries d) Declaring War

d) Declaring War

Which is the oldest agency in the foreign policy bureaucracy? a) Department of Veteran Affairs b) Department of Defense c) Federal Bureau of Investigation d) Department of State

d) Department of State

In 2004, national security adviser Condaleezza Rice testified about which of the following situations? a) The lack of power allotted to White House staff concerning foreign affairs b) The lack of coordination between Congress & the president c) Illegal activities by the Central Intelligence Agency d) Intelligence & communication failures between & inside bureaucracies

d) Intelligence & communication failures between & inside bureaucracies

Which of the following statements illustrates the trend in presidential foreign policy power regarding treaties & international agreements? a) Most international agreements are executive agreements subject to Senate ratification under the Case-Zablocki Act b) Most international agreements are treaties subject to Senate ratification c) Most international agreements are treaties not subject to Senate ratification d) Most international agreements are executive agreements not subject to Senate ratification

d) Most international agreements are executive agreements not subject to Senate ratification

Which of the following statements illustrates the trend in presidential foreign policy power regarding treaties and international agreements? a)Most international agreements are executive agreements subject to Senate ratification under the Constitution b) Most international agreements are treaties subject to Senate ratification c) Most international agreements are treaties not subject to Senate ratification d) Most international agreements are executive agreements not subject to Senate ratification

d) Most international agreements are executive agreements not subject to Senate ratification

According to Ikenberry, NATO represented which of the following principles? a) Hierarchy of status b) Discrimination c) Anarchy d) Nondiscrimination e) Unilateralism f) Multilateralism g) Equality of Status

d) Nondiscrimination f) Multilateralism g) Equality of Status

Which of the following decisions was taken by Franklin Roosevelt after coming to office? a) Joined the League of Nations b) Ended the US intervention in the Dominican Republic c) Imposed a blockade on Germany d) Recognized the Bolshevik government of Russia

d) Recognized the Bolshevik government of Russia

Which of the following was the most significant aspect of the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act for US foreign economic policy? a) Pegging currency to the US dollar b) Tying currency to a gold standard c) Allowing trade with China d) Repealing the Hawley-Smoot Act

d) Repealing the Hawley-Smoot Act

NATO was created to "keep the (1)______________ out, the (2)__________ down & the (3)______________in." a) Russians, British, Americans b) Germans, Russians, Americans c) British, Russians, Americans d) Russians, Germans, Americans

d) Russians, Germans, Americans

Realists believe which of the following? a) Human nature is altruistic b) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains c) States are the least important actors in IR d) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

d) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

Which administration was criticized for allowing domestic problems & the realities of power politics to overwhelm its initial idealism? a) The Bush administration b) The Clinton administration c) The Reagan administration d) The Obama administration

d) The Obama administration

Which of the following countries did not join the League of Nations? a) Germany b) Italy c) Japan d) The United States

d) The United States "Thus, the United States, whose leader had been the primary architect of the organization, never joined the League of Nations." Pg. 44

Which of the following is an example of celebrity diplomacy? a) Former governor of California Gray Davis's appearance in daily sitcoms as a comedian b) The Law & Order television star Fred Thompson's serving as a US senator on the Committee for Governmental Affairs c) The action-movie star Arnold Schwarzenegger's becoming the governor of California d) The actress Angelina Jolie's traveling as a UN Goodwill Ambassador to appeal for safety in Somalia

d) The actress Angelina Jolie's traveling as a UN Goodwill Ambassador to appeal for safety in Somalia

Which of the following public officials was a critic of eighteenth-century diplomacy "as the workshop in nearly all the wars in Europe are manufactured"? a) James Madison b) John Quincy Adams c) Alexander Hamilton d) Thomas Jefferson

d) Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following is an example of a US war of necessity? a) Korean War b) Persian Gulf War c) Kosovo bombings d) World War II

d) World War II

The post-Cold War era is _________________ a) characterized by a less global international economy b) less peaceful than the Cold War period c) less complex & more predictable than the Cold War period d) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation & disease

d) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation & disease

Which of the following is not a power given to the president by the constitution? a) Serving as commander in chief b) Signing treaties c) Appointing cabinet secretaries d) Declaring war

d) declaring war

All of the reasons listed below contributed to the failure of collective security after WWI, except a) the United States' absence from the League of Nations b) collective action problems c) domestic politics inside nation-states d) expanding communist governemnts

d) expanding communist governments

The U.S. home mortgage market initiated the ___________ of 2008-2009 a) international bond market b) international economic competition c) minor global economic spike d) global economic recession

d) global economic recession

Which term best describes US Foreign Policy during the period between the 2 world wars (1918-1939)? a) global hegemony b) containment c) reactive d) isolationist

d) isolationist "Its non participation in the League of Nations did not deter the United States from seeking ways to prevent another world war." Pg. 45-Hook

Which of the following is not an element of US counterterrorism efforts? a) Intelligence gathering b) Foreign aid and arms sales c) Diplomacy d) Massive retaliation, also known as "bitzkreig"

d) massive retaliation, also known as "bitzkreig"

What type of balance of power has the world system displayed since the collapse of the Soviet Union & the early 1990s? a) multipolar b) bipolar c) multilateral d) unipolar

d) unipolar "....a unipolar balance of power in which one country--at present the United States..." Pg. 8-Hook

"Democratic states are unlikely to go to war with each other." This statement constitutes an example of a(n) ______ level of analysis of war. A) Domestic B) Rational C) Individual D) Interstate

domestic

Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the ________ level of analysis.

domestic

Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They ___________________.

don't trust each other

Which of the following is a potential realist explanation for why states engage in balancing behavior? They ___________________. A) don't trust each other B) are trying to maintain instability in the international system C) believe that a balance of power provides peace D) believe that a balance of power provides influence

don't trust each other

A general weakness in U.S. intelligence gathering activities exists in the area of _______ intelligence.

human

Cognitive bias refers to the limitations of the ________ in making choices.

human brain

Cognitive bias refers to the limitations of the ________ in making choices. A) human brain B) government leaders C) military D) diplomats

human brain

Modern realist theory developed in reaction to _________________.

idealism

The National Security Agency ______.

is primarily involved with encoding U.S. communications and breaking codes of foreign communications

What is a statement that best captures the logic of the predator argument as outlines by Wendt?

it takes only one predator state in the system to force all other states in the system to behave in a predatory way

According to Doyle, what condition sufficiently explains why liberal states don't go to war against each other?

liberal states try to reach accommodations with other liberal states because liberal states are presumed to represent their citizens

The U.S.-led war against Iraq in 1991 is an example of ________ war.

limited

The UN Security Council's decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states, and although Security Council resolutions in theory bind all UN members, member states in practice often try to evade or soften their effect. These characteristics of the Council are both examples of its _______.

limited power

What strategy does Oye suggest as a means of promoting cooperation among governments? A) increasing the number of actors necessary to the realization of common interests B) incorporating tactics of decomposition into international agreements to facilitate adherence C) allowing for ambiguity in standards of conduct to avoid allowing overly stringent definitions to lead to misunderstanding D) decreasing surveillance in order to foster a community of trusts E) reducing international relations to a single issue in order to facilitate compliance

incorporating tactics of decomposition into international agreements to facilitate adherence

Working through international institutions to achieve foreign policy goals is the preference of ____________.

multilateralists

The theory that focuses on the importance of structure of the international system, rather than the internal makeup of individual states, is known as ___________.

neorealism

The Sino-Soviet split resulted in China becoming extremely _____________

independent

The _______ level of analysis concerns the choices and actions of human beings

individual

When British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the nonaggression pact with Hitler in Munich in 1938, he didn't want to see the clear signs of Hitler's aggression and chose to appease him instead. Some scholars argue this was due to Chamberlain's not wanting to lead Britain into a major war. If true, this would best illustrate _______________. A) cognitive bias B) information screens

information screens

Citizens of a given ethnic background are among a number of _________________ which might form the lobby government on foreign policy.

interest groups

Citizens of a given ethnic background are among a number of _________________ which might form the lobby government on foreign policy. A) interest groups B) propagandists C) pollsters D) government leaders

interest groups *****************

States are not supposed to meddle in the ______________ and decision process of other states.

internal affairs

National leaders can expect certain behaviors from their international counterparts. These behaviors are known as __________.

international norms

The two major subfields of international relations are_____________

international security and international political economy

The _________level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes, whereas the _________ level of analysis concerns the influence of trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states upon outcomes.

interstate, global

Recently, North Korea and Iran were players in recent crises involving _____________

nuclear weapons programs

Weapons of mass destruction include _________.

nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

The system by which Roosevelt believed an advanced nation would help a backward people evolve towards full independence came to be known as

trusteeship

Public support for involvement in a war

typically starts high and decreases over the long run

Public support for involvement in a war __________.

typically starts high and decreases over the long run

Public support for involvement in a war __________. A) typically starts high and continues to remain high B) typically starts low and increases over the long run C) will typically not affect the popularity ratings of a country's leader D) typically starts high and decreases over the long run

typically starts high and decreases over the long run

What historical event of phenomenon does Frankel use to support the argument that globalization is not irreversible? A) the fragmentation of states resulting from the collapse of the Soviet Union B) the political forces that fragmented the world between 1914 and 1944 C) the decline in world trade and manufacturing during the initial years of the Cold War D) the global recession and corresponding reduction in trade of the 2008-2009 period E) the global contraction of trade and wealth that resulted from both energy commodity scares and protectionist measures in the early 1970's

the political forces that fragmented the world between 1914 and 1944

Politicians have a difficult time running formal bureaucratic agencies because ________________. A) the power of agencies is based on their proximity to the president B) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control C) only lower-level career officials owe loyalty to the politicians

the power of agencies is based on their proximity to the president

According to Oye, what is the effect of introducing more players into a game? A) it would negate the possibility of mutual benefit B) the benefits of cooperation decrease substantially C) the likelihood of defection decrease substantially D) it would enhance the feasibility of strategies of reciprocity E) the prospect of cooperation decreases substantially

the prospect of cooperation decreases substantially

With respect to power ______________.

the relative power of a state is more important to realists than the absolute power of a state

Military forces are used by States to fight or threaten wars, for surveillance of drug trafficking, for human assistance, and for _______.

the repression of domestic political dissent

Which of the following is NOT identified by Frankel as a major driver of economic globalization? A) cheaper transportation B) reduced communication costs C) reduced policy barriers to trade D) the spread of free-marker ideology E) reduced policy barriers to investment

the spread of free-marker ideology

What does Art mean by the term task insufficient? A) no instrument of statecraft, when used alone, is ever sufficient to achieve significant foreign policy objective B) the sufficiency of single instruments of statecraft to achieve an objective depends on the nature of the objective C) whether or not instruments of statecraft are sufficient to achieve objectives depends on the task at hand

the sufficiency of single instruments of statecraft to achieve an objective depends on the nature of the objective

Poor peasants in Latin America who benefit substantially, in terms of income, from the drug trade pose a challenge to the United States in its attempts to restrict ______.

the trafficking of cocaine

Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of _____________.

their own actions

Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of _____________. A) their own actions B) the actions of others C) existing policy D) low-level staff

their own actions

Thomas Hobbes belongs to the ___________ school of thought

realist

The fluidity of alliances is underscored by ______________.

realists

Hegemony _______________.

reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system

The cost of making and enforcing agreements are referred to as A) relative costs B) transaction costs C) enforcement costs D) agreement costs

relative costs ******

How do dominance and reciprocity compare as solutions to collective-goods problems? Dominance ____________.

relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central hierarchy

The Bolshevik government of Russia challenged which of the founding principles of the US political and social system? There can be more than one correct answer.

religious freedom respect for private property

Which of the following flows from Fearon's assumption that states are rational actors? A) states make foreign policy choices based on objective analysis of their self-interest B) states leaders make most of their choices in the state's best interests C) wars are the result of mistakes rather than state choices D) states prefer peace to war because it is less costly and risky

states prefer peace to war because it is less costly and risky

According to Waltz, Rousseau found the major causes of war in

states system

The concept of groupthink suggests that the _______________ the decision-making affect(s) the outcome. A) timing of B) structural context of C) information available for

structural context of

Violence as a means of leverage ________.

tends to be a last resort

Irredentism is the regaining of _______ lost to another state.

territory

Irrendentism is the regaining of _______ lost to another state. A) Resources B) Political opposition C) territory D) sovereignty

territory

With respect to chemical weapons, ________.

they have been used only rarely

According to Wendt, what can be safely assumed about states in an anarchic state of nature?

they will try to perpetuate their existence

According to Rodrik, what is the main challenge of the trade policy in today's world? A) to improve the economies of developing countries B) to render existing openness sustainable and consistent C) to allow the developed world to control the process of liberalization D) to benefit the developed world at the expense of the developing world

to improve the economies of developing countries

According to Walt, which of the following foreign policies makes the most sense in a balancing world?

to minimize the threat presented to others

What best approximates the goal Morgenthau's theory of political realism?

to simplify the complex world of international politics

A potential problem of forming an alliance is that great powers will be dragged into wars with each other if their respective client states go to war.

true

A war over control of the rules of the international system as whole is a hegemonic war. (T/F)

true

Keohane and Martin argue that institutions affect state behavior through functions such as providing information, reducing transaction costs, making commitments more credible and facilitating reciprocity (T/F)

true

Woodrow Wilson was responsive to the political campaigns carried out by peace groups on the war with Mexico.

true

What does Art mean by "spill-over effect"? A) the more military force a state acquires, the more influence it will have in international relations B) the use of military force necessarily affect nonmilitary policy domains C) when a state increases its military power, it also necessarily enhances it economic and political power

when a state increases its military power, it also necessarily enhances it economic and political power ************

Under which condition are states more likely to bandwagon than balance?

when a weak state is located in close proximity to a strong state

According to Walt, under what circumstances is security best achieved?

when most states respond to a threat by uniting against it

According to the concept of bounded rationality, decision makers _______________.

will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria

According to the concept of bounded rationality, decision makers ________________.

will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria

According to the concept of bounded rationality, decision makers ________________. A) will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria B) use historical analogies in responding to a situation C) make choices within the boundaries established by groups within the government D) will choose the best response to a situation

will choose a response that is good enough to meet some minimal criteria

A state's exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is recognized to extend how far from the coastline?

200 miles

According to Morgenthau, what is the "supreme virtue in politics"?

prudence

To what recent evidence does Frankel point in showing that "centrifugal forces" are still at work in the global economy? A) the erection of new tariff barriers B) the breakdown of world trade talks C) the emergence of regional trade blocs D) the increase in the number of wars fought between nations since 1990 E) the creation of multiple new nations out of the ruins of the former Soviet Union

the creation of multiple new nations out of the ruins of the former Soviet Union

Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than large groups?

the defection of one member is harder to conceal

The main difference between war and "classic" terrorism is that ________.

the former has military targets, whereas the latter has civilian targets

A) True

Keohane and Martin argue that institutionalist theory is utilitarian and rationalistic, like realism A) True B) False

Which of the following is not an element of U.S. counterterrorism efforts?

Massive retaliation, also known as "blitzkrieg"

Theodore Roosevelt's stewardship theory called for which of the following?

A dominant president in all policy areas where the Constitution remains silent

A) India

A example of a state that either acknowledges having nuclear weapons or that has exploded a nuclear weapon? A) India B) Austria C) Japan D) Turkmenistan

C) India

A example of a state that either acknowledges having nuclear weapons or that has exploded a nuclear weapon? A) Japan B) Turkmenistan C) India D) Austria

Which of the following historical analogies did decision makers utilize when debating the intervention in Vietnam? A) Munich 1938 B) Pearl Harbor C) The Korean War D) The Prague Spring

A) Munich 1938

What is the status of U.S. trade? A) Balanced B) A large trade deficit C) A large trade surplus D) A declining import and export record

B) A large trade deficit

Bounded rationality

A decision-making environment characterized by an influx of more information than can be managed effectively, leading to policy decisions that do not fully conform to standards of rationality

In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the US in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in __________________ A) Hungary B) Afghanistan C) Poland D) Czechoslovakia

B) Afghanistan

s an element of power on which an actor can draw over the long term, whereas ______ is an element of power that allows an actor to exercise, influence in the short term

) Natural resources, military force

What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce?

) US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger

According to IR research, a unipolar power distribution appears to be best at maintaining _________________.

) peace

Cuban Missile Crisis

A dangerous standoff between the United States & the Soviet Union in October 1962 sparked by Soviet shipments of nuclear missiles to Cuba. The crisis, which brought the superpowers as close as they ever came to nuclear war, was settle peacefully after 2 weeks of tense negotiations

Woodrow Wilson is known in history for which of the following ideas? There can be more than one correct answer

-Authoritarian states are inherently violent -Democracies are inherently peaceful -There is a fundamental difference between peaceful and aggressive states

Which of the following terms are a correct conceptualization of the role of national actors within the international system level of analysis?

-Black box -Billiard Ball

According to Singer, while the systemic level produces a (1)______________________picture of international relations, the state level generates a (2)__________________image.

1)comprehensive (2) less coherent

Territorial waters traditionally are recognized to extend how far from a state's coastline?

12 miles

Full diplomatic relations with China were restored by the US in A) 1979 B) 1972 C) 1973 D) 1971

1979

Full diplomatic relations with China were restored by the US in A) 1979 B) 1972 C) 1973 D) 1971 1979

1979

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A 1928 agreement among 15 countries, including the United States, that condemned "recourse to war for the solution of international controversies & as an instrument of national policy."

Rational choice

A behavioral approach to public policy that reduces decision making to objective calculations of costs & benefits

Manifest destiny

A belief popular in the early history of the United States that the nation had God's blessing to expand & assume political control of a wider population

A) True

A central player among Syrian rebels in the Syrian civil war is an Islamist faction. A) True B) False

Advisory system

A closely knit network of trusted aides & confidants who have the most immediate impact on the president's foreign policy decisions

Primacy

A country's predominant stature in the hierarchy of global power

Constructivism

A critical body of social & political thought that argues that public problems, including those related to foreign policy, do not have fixed or "objective" properties but rather are socially constructed primarily though public discourse

Imperial Presidency

A critique of the US political system advanced in the 1970s by historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., who described the president as governing virtually "by decree"

A) the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank

A current example of a lingering dispute is ________. A) the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, fueled by the building of Jewish settlements in the West Bank B) the Hungarian-Romanian dispute, heightened by Saami migration C) the Argentine-Chilean dispute, worsened by the expansion of Chilean oil exploration D) the Soviet-American conflict, fueled by the proliferation of nuclear weapons

A) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports

A current example of a naval blockade is the ________. A) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports B) Spanish blockade of Gibraltarian ports C) Turkish blockade of Qatari ports D) Mexican blockade of U.S. ports in Texas

C) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports

A current example of a naval blockade is the ________. A) Mexican blockade of U.S. ports in Texas B) Spanish blockade of Gibraltarian ports C) Israeli blockade of Hamas-ruled Gaza ports D) Turkish blockade of Qatari ports

D) Association of South East Asian Nations

A current example of a regional IGO is the _________. A) Central Asian Union B) Norther Hemisphere Common Market C) United Nations D) Association of South East Asian Nations

B) False

A current example of religious conflict is the use of force by the Sri Lanken government against Tibetans. A) True B) False

How does a zero-sum game compare to a non-zero sum game? A) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose. B) Zero-sum games are more typical in international political economy, whereas non-zero-sum games are more typical in international security. C) In a zero-sum game, one player's' gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, players' gains and losses cancel each other out. D) In a zero-sum game, both players win, whereas in a non-zero sum game, both players lose.

A) In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose.

Which of the following attitudes is at one extreme of congressional-presidential foreign policy relations? A) Independence B) Rejection C) Delegation D) Resistance

A) Independence

Which of the following can explain why regional and specific IGOs have been the most successful in international relations compared to other types of IGOs? A) Interests are likely to overlap more B) Power is less concentrated C) There are fewer problems to deal with D) States are likely less invested in the IGO

A) Interests are likely to overlap more

President Eisenhower warned of a U.S. "military-industrial complex," which is an example of which of the following? A) Iron triangle B) Standard operating procedures C) Issue network D) Transnational interdependence

A) Iron triangle

According to Waltz, what quality characterizes a sovereign state? A) It decides for itself how to handle its domestic and foreign problems B) It is insulated from the effects if other states C) It is equal to all other states in its system in its ability to impose its will on the other states D) it is free to act as it wants and to get what it wants without any constraint E) It commands sole authority not only over its own people but also in the international systems to which it belongs

A) It decides for itself how to handle its domestic and foreign problems

Why is the analogy of a market useful for Waltz's purpose? A) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer B) Markets, like the international system, are subject to instability C) States, like markets, are subject to the law of supply and demand D) Markets illustrate the importance of hierarchy, which is the ordering principle of the structure of international politics E) The concept of the market help capture some of the complexities of international politics

A) It illustrates how an order that constraints the decisions of units can arise spontaneously and without an orderer

Which of the following countries committed blatant acts of external aggression in the lead up to World War II and severely damaged the reputation of the League of Nations as an effective instrument of collective security? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Italy B) Germany C) Japan D) France E) US

A) Italy B) Germany C) Japan

Which of the following countries committed blatant acts of external aggression in the lead up to World War II and severely damaged the reputation of the League of Nations as an effective instrument of collective security? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Japan B) Germany C) US D) Italy E) France

A) Japan B) Germany D) Italy

The Peace Corps program was started under President ___________________. A) Kennedy B) Johnson C) Carter D) Ford E) Nixon

A) Kennedy

Which among the following scholars believed that increased knowledge of other cultures will lead to peaceful cooperation among all people? A) Lawrence Frank B) Kenneth Waltz C) John Locke D) Hans Morgantheau

A) Lawrence Frank

Which of these is NOT one of the three traditions of liberalism discussed by Doyle? A) Liberal militarism B) Liberal imperialism C) Liberal pacifism D) Liberal internationalism

A) Liberal militarism

Kant's idea of a "separate peace" among liberal states implies A) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other B) Authoritarian states only go to war when it benefits them economically C) Liberal states never go to war D) Liberal states only go to war when it benefits them economically

A) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other

Which of the following is not an element of U.S. counterterrorism efforts? A) Massive retaliation, also known as "blitzkrieg" B) Foreign aid and arms sales C) Diplomacy D) Intelligence gathering

A) Massive retaliation, also known as "blitzkreig"

How is a middle power distinguished from a great power? How is a middle power distinguished from a great power? A) Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities B) Middle powers operate in a balance-of-power system, whereas great powers operate in a hegemonic system C) Middle powers can be small geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers cannot be small geographically D) Middle powers don't have nuclear weapons, whereas great powers do

A) Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities

Which of the following is identified by the text as a characteristic associated with the political psychology of President George W. Bush? A) Moralistic worldview B) Cooperative approach to problem solving C) Aversion to taking risks D) Reliance on rewards rather than punishments

A) Moralistic worldivew

States are not supposed to meddle in the ______________ and decision process of other states.

A) internal affairs

The two major subfields of international relations are_____________. A) international security and international political economy B) international political economy and comparative politics C) comparative politics and international security D) conflict and cooperation

A) international security and international political economy

In Waltz's microtheory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct A) is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true B) is the most common flaw in classic studies of international relations C) cannot be taken for granted except where supported by empirical evidence D) is incompatible with the varied and irrational ways in which states actually behave E) is the notion that states pursue exclusively those goals that ensure their survival

A) is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true

Governments survive by relying on _____________. A) legitimacy B) force C) persuasion D) bribes

A) legitimacy

The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is ___________. A) power B) international law C) morality D) absolute gains

A) power

Which of the following must be associated with each possible outcome of an action when there is uncertainty about costs and benefits of actions? A) Probabilities B) Standard operating procedures C) Low-level decisions D) The pursuit of national interests

A) probabilities

Thomas Hobbes belongs to the ___________ school of thought A) realist B) neo-constructivism C) objectivist D) Marxist

A) realist

Hegemony _______________. A) reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system B) enhances the sovereignty of less-powerful states C) causes instability in the international system D) tend to allow conflicts among middle powers or small states

A) reduces anarchy and deters aggression in the international system

With respect to the role of bureaucratic agencies in foreign policy making, _______________. A) representatives of agencies promote only the interests of their own bureaucracy B) bargaining among agencies suggests that a state doesn't have a single national interest C) the various agencies of a state always take the same side on an issue (e.g. defense ministries always favor military strengths) D) the various agencies of a state are generally in agreement on the foreign policies to be pursued

A) representatives of agencies promote only the interests of their own bureaucracy

According to Waltz, Rousseau found the major causes of war in A) states system B) states C) men

A) states system

The concept of groupthink suggests that the _______________ the decision-making affect(s) the outcome. A) structural context of B) timing of C) information available for

A) structural context of

Politicians have a difficult time running formal bureaucratic agencies because ________________. A) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control B) only lower-level career officials owe loyalty to the politicians C) the power of agencies is based on their proximity to the president

A) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control

Who among the following is credited with articulating that controlling the seas should be the cornerstone of US foreign policy?

Alfred Thayer Mahan

The collective-goods problem is the problem of how to provide something that benefits ________ members of a group regardless of what each member contributes

All

C) General Assembly

All UN members are represented in which institution? A) Security Council B) Secretary's Assembly C) General Assembly D) Economic and Social Council

According to Keohane and Martin, what is wrong with Mearsheimer's assertion that NATO and the EU are likely to decline following the end of the Cold War? A) Mearsheimer's only explanation for the willingness of states to invest in these institutions is the delusion and hostility toward realism of American policymakers B) It disregards the significant material resources that major governments have invested in institutions like NATO, the EU, and GATT C) NATO and the EU are now expanding their membership, and are therefore hardly in decline D) All of the above

All of the above

Structural realism

Also known as neorealism, a theory of international relations that emphasizes global anarchy, persistent fears & distrust & a balance of power among states as the most reliable guarantor of world peace

Which of the following is a central irony of the president and foreign policy?

Although presidents have a great deal of power in foreign policy making, few of them have foreign policy experience

Power Politics

An aggressive form of statecraft that relies on threats of aggression & shows of force based on the military strength of rivals

Treaty of Westphalia

An agreement signed in 1648 ending the Thirty Years' War that helped establish and codify the nation-state system that exists today

Military-industrial complex

An alignment of US defense & private economic interests identified by President Dwight Eisenhower in 1961 as a potential threat to the nation's democracy & security

B) Kosovo declaring independence from Serbia

An example of an action without UN approval was _______. A) Syria invading Iraq B) Kosovo declaring independence from Serbia C) Canada conducting trade with Venezuela D) North Korea shipping nuclear weapons technology to Vietnam

Identity

An individual or a group considered apart from others

Operational code

An individual's integrated set of conceptions about political life that informs his or her calculations of appropriate & effective policy

President George H. W. Bush's comparison of Saddam Hussein to Adolph Hitler is part of which of the following decision-making mechanisms?

Analogy

Which of the following business magnates was opposed to US occupation of the Philippines?

Andrew Carnegie

In the 1970s, congressional investigation into the CIA's operational practices derailed US involvement in which country? A) South Africa B) Afghanistan C) Angola D) Pakistan

Angola

During the Cold War, the superpowers tried to affect the composition of the government in __________ by supporting different sides in a civil war, whereas the Soviet Union actually invaded ________ to change its government.

Angola, Czechoslovakia

With respect to changes in the structure of the UN Security Council, ________.

Any expansion of permanent seats might include India, with 20 percent of the world's population and a predominantly Islamic country

International conflicts over the control of governments and territorial disputes ________.

Are more likely to lead to violence than other types of conflict of interest

Regimes

Areas of interstate cooperation in foreign policy, such as arms control, in which decision makers enjoy positive-sum gains by adopting common norms, objectives & institutionalized means of problem solving

What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorize? A) Authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to protect U.S. forces in South Vietnam B) Authorized President Eisenhower to form military alliances with noncommunist governments in countries such as Iran and Guatemala C) Authorized President Truman to send military advisers and forces to Korea D) Authorized President Kennedy to invade Cuba

Authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to protect U.S. forces in South Vietnam

In 1975, South Vietnam fell signaling apparent U.S. weakness on the global stage; U.S. involvement in the Vietnam conflict is an example of_______. A) Globalization B) A proxy war C) The missile crises D) The Munich Agreement

B) A proxy war

C) World Health Organization and the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

Autonomous agencies affiliated with the UN, but not under its control, include the _________. A) World Intellectual Property Organization and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refuggees B) International Civil Aviation Organization and the UN Environment Program C) World Health Organization and the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization D) World Meteorological Association and the UN Children's Fund

Fill in the blanks in the correct order: Ostpolitik refers to the initiative taken by the leader of (1) ___________________to change its traditional policy toward (2)________________. A) (1)East Germany; (2)West Germany B) (1)West Germany; (2)East Germany

B) (1) West Germany; (2) East Germany

Nixon administration's decision to allow the Soviet Union purchase (1)______________ from the US at bargain prices caused a domestic backlash against the policy of (2)______________ A) (1)textiles (2)containment B) (1)foodgrains (2)detente

B) (1) foodgrains (2) detente

Which of the following foreign policy committees provides the most tangible benefits for congressional members? A) Select Intelligence Committee B) Armed Services Committee C) Foreign Relations Committee D) International Relations Committee

Armed Services Committee

C) Sudan

As of 2009, which of the following states was a nation that the United States accused of supporting international terrorism? A) Liberia B) North Korea C) Sudan D) Iceland

B) Sudan

As of 2009, which of the following states was a nation that the United States accused of supporting international terrorism? A) Liberia B) Sudan C) North Korea D) Iceland

C) Africa

As of 2011, which region of the world has hosted the most UN Peacekeeping Missions? A) South Asia B) Latin America C) Africa D) Middle East

How does the Supreme Court tend to view foreign policy?

As political matters that are generally outside the realm of judicial review

Groupthink is the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately ___________ since individual members tend to go along with ideas they think the others support.

Assessing consequences

Prospect Theory

Astute decision makers don't expect optimal outcomes, but intuitive gauge the rewards of policy choices relative to the imperfect status quo

The part of the population that stays informed about international issues is called the ___________ public.

Attentive

Woodrow Wilson is known in history for which of the following ideas? There can be more than one correct answer

Authoritarian states are inherently violent Democracies are inherently peaceful There is a fundamental difference between peaceful and aggressive states

How is the identity principle distinguished from the dominance and reciprocity principles? A) The identity principles plays no role in preventing nuclear proliferation, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles do play a role B) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest C) The identity principle relies on mutually beneficial arrangements whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on their own interests and benefits to others D) Contributions to development assistance or UN peacekeeping missions are better explained by the dominance and reciprocity principles than the identity principle

B) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest

With which of the following statements would Keohane be most likely to agree? A) The League of Nations of 1919 was key to establishing the importance of international institutions. B) The significance of international institutions has increased greatly since 1945. C) International institutions are largely ineffective tools of great powers. D) The vast majority of international institutions are effective at achieving their goals. E) International institutions are increasingly more successful but less relevant.

B) The significance of international institutions has increased greatly since 1945.

Which of the following describes Rodrik's view of the the Doha Development Round trade negotiations? A) As a result of its success, there is considerable support and political momentum behind the Doha Round. B) These negotiations have failed to substantially reduce border barriers in agricultural trade. C) This round of negotiations has experienced great success since its launch in 2001. D) The prospective gains from a successful completion of these negotiations is quite substantial. E) Low-income, food importing countries have been helped by negotiations.

B) These negotiations have failed to substantially reduce border barriers in agricultural trade.

Which of the following aspects regarding interest groups is correct? A) They have a nearly endless supply of funding. B) They are organized in order to influence the outcome in political issues. C) They are coalitions of people who share a common interest in the outcome of a neighborhood issue D) They have a great deal of influence on foreign policy

B) They are organized in order to influence the outcome in political issues.

Which reason explains why the control of small islands causes serious interstate territorial disputes?

B) They can provide strategic advantages to the state in control

Which of the following is true regarding international regimes? A) They can help solve gender gap problems by increasing transparency. B) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area. C) They deconstruct frameworks to coordinate states' actions

B) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.

Which of the following is true regarding international regimes? A) They deconstruct frameworks to coordinate states' actions. B) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area. C) They can help solve gender gap problems by increasing transparency.

B) They refer to a set of rules, norms, and procedures around which the expectations of actors converge in a certain issue area.

What role do states play as economic units in the process of globalization, according to economic liberalists? A) They oppose the process B) They share power in the process for mutually beneficial outcomes C) A handful of states dominate the process D) They are the driving forces

B) They share power in the process for mutually beneficial outcomes

US policy of containment started under which US President? A) Roosevelt B) Truman C) Eisenhower

B) Truman

Which of the following cases gave way to the best example of an issue network formation? A) U.S. arms sales to Taiwan B) U.S. relations with China regarding most-favored-nation status C) U.S. foreign aid to Egypt D) Benefits to veterans and current armed forces

B) U.S. relations with China regarding most-favored-nation status

During the Cold War, the alliances of states coordinated under the leadership of the _____________ was called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization A) Soviet Union B) United States C) Ukraine D) European Union

B) United States

Which of the following is a fissionable material? A) Hydrogen B) Uranium-235 C) Deuterium-242 D) Chromium-225

B) Uranium-235

On the individual level of analysis, _____ A) Wars may be the result of government bureaucracies' decisions B) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders C) The totalitarian nature of communist states made them prone to using violence D) Wars may be the result of how power is distributed between two countries

B) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders

Who was the only American officer to be held guilty for the My Lai massacre? A) Robert McNamara B) William Caley C) Willy Brandt D) William Westmoreland

B) William Caley

Which of the following President's foreign policy rhetoric is said to have inspired anti-colonial nationalist movements against European powers? A) Taft B) Woodrow Wilson C) Theodore Roosevelt D) Hoover

B) Woodrow Wilson

Autonomous agencies affiliated with the UN, but not under its control, include the _________. A) International Civil Aviation Organization and the UN Environment Program B) World Health Organization and the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization C) World Intellectual Property Organization and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refuggees D) World Meteorological Association and the UN Children's Fund

B) World Health Organization and the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

A nation is NOT a __________ share characteristics such as language and culture. A) group of people who B) a group of elected politicians who C) collection of territories which D) set of relationships which

B) a group of elected politicians who

Harry Truman based his decision to send troops into Korea in 1950 based on A) a resolution by NATO B) a resolution by the UN Security Council C) an authorization by the US Congress

B) a resolution by the UN Security Council

B) False

Backwardness is a useful explanation of genocide because genocide occurs primarily in developing nations. A) True B) False

What us the difference between bandwagoning and balancing, according to Walt?

Balancing involves aligning with others against a prevailing threat, while bandwagoning involves aligning itself with the threat itself.

A) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend

Ballistic missiles __________. A) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend B) were replaced by airplanes as the main strategic delivery vehicles C) are small winged missiles D) vary in range and throw weight, but have similar accuracy E) must be fired from fixed sites

B) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend

Ballistic missiles __________. A) vary in range and throw weight, but have similar accuracy B) have trajectories that typically rise out of the atmosphere and then descend C) were replaced by airplanes as the main strategic delivery vehicles D) are small winged missiles E) must be fired from fixed sites

A) True

Because positive gains from economic activities are more effective inducements than negative threats of violence, economic conflicts lead to violence much less often than do territorial disputes. A) True B) False

D) Biological weapons

Because they are uncontrollable, which of the following weapons has virtually never been used in war? A) Conventional weapons B) Neutron weapons C) Chemical weapons D) Biological weapons

B) Biological weapons

Because they are uncontrollable, which of the following weapons has virtually never been used in war? A) Neutron weapons B) Biological weapons C) Chemical weapons D) Conventional weapons

Who did the US back in French Indochina in 1950?

Bo Dai

The first Cold War flashpoint between the US and the USSR came over the question of blockade over which German city?

Berlin

Which of the following presidents declared the most military interventions under the War Powers Resolution? A) Bill Clinton B) Richard Nixon C) Ronald Reagan D) George W. Bush

Bill Clinton

Which president best represents the collegial model of foreign policy management?

Bill Clinton

Because they are uncontrollable, which of the following weapons has virtually never been used in war?

Biological weapons

Following the September 11 terrorist attacks, the president and Congress saw which of the following?. A) Partisanship B) Gridlock C) New isolationism D) Bipartisanship

Bipartisanship

What is the difference between a pre-emptive and a preventive use of force? A) A pre-emptive use of force is launched because an opponent's attack is considered inevitable; a preventive use of force is launched when the attack is considered more likely to occur. B) Both assume that an opponent's attack is inevitable, but a pre-emptive use of force assumes that the attack is imminent. C) Preventive wars are lunched without provocation.

Both assume that an opponent's attack is inevitable, but a pre-emptive use of force assumes that the attack is imminent.

Which of the following terms best describes the real-world foreign policy makers faced with a rigid institutional environment, a lack of information, and competing values that engage in "satisficing"?

Bounded rationality

Which of the following is a strategy that can prevent groupthink? A) Bringing in external advisers B) Appealing to the majority interest C) Limiting the number of advisers D) Bypassing relevant agencies

Bringing in external advisers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the degree of globalization in 2000? A) It was unprecedented in human history. B) By some measures, the world was no more integrated economically than it had been in 1900. C) The world was highly integrated as a consequence of the effect of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff. D) Though highly globalized, the world was still less integrated than it had been between 1914 and 1944. E) The degree of globalization in 2000 surpassed the economic integration of the mid-eighties and nineties.

By some measures, the world was no more integrated economically than it had been in 1900.

According to Singer, while the systemic level produces a (1)______________________picture of international relations, the state level generates a (2)__________________image. A) (1) detailed (2) overarching B) (1) atomized (2) coherent C) (1)comprehensive (2) less coherent

C) (1)comprehensive (2) less coherent

Liberals believe which of the following? A) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy B) States are the least important actors in IR C) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains D) Human nature is altruistic

C) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains

Which of the following sectors is highly subsidized by the United States, often drawing criticism from global trading partners? A) Wood and raw materials B) Low-skill labor C) Agriculture D) Mining

C) Agriculture

Which of the following is an element of prospect theory? Decision makers ___________________. A) assess the value of other decision makers B) work to avoid future catastrophic events C) use a reference point for comparison D) attach their own feelings onto another actor

C) use a reference point for comparison

According to Doyle, what condition sufficiently explains why liberal states don't go to war against each other? A) relations among states of similar political ideology result in greater commonality of purpose B) liberal states possess an inherently peace loving philosophy C) liberal states try to reach accommodations with other liberal states because liberal states are presumed to represent their citizens D) the citizens of a liberal state possess more peaceable attitudes than those of conservative states E) liberal leaders are more inclined to peace than leaders of non-liberal states

C) liberal states try to reach accommodations with other liberal states because liberal states are presumed to represent their citizens

Realists argue that one states' reliance on another spurs_____________________ tensions in short term contexts. A) fewer B) productive C) more D) balanced

C) more

The idea that the largest wars will result from challenges to the top position in the status hierarchy is referred to as the ______________. A) fundamental attribution error B) security dilemma C) power transition theory D) hegemony stability theory

C) power transition theory

Which element of Fearon's argument flows from his concept of the international system as anarchic? A) states may lack capabilities to launch preventive wars B) the presence of hierarchy limits negotiated agreements between states C) preventive wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state D) it is through disorder and chaos that hierarchical structure emerges

C) preventive wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state

With respect to UN peacekeeping, ________.

C) soldiers are typically sent to a country only when a cease-fire has been arranged

A current example of a collective-goods problem is that_________________. A) stated find it hard to cooperate on monetary policy B) states have a hard time communicating C) states find it hard to cooperate to reduce environmental damage D) poverty is common around the globe

C) states find it hard to cooperate to reduce environmental damage

Irredentism is the regaining of _______ lost to another state. A) sovereignty B) Political opposition C) territory D) Resources

C) territory

Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty calls for members to come to the defense of a fellow member under attack. It was invoked for the first time when __________________. A) Ethiopia attacked Somalia B) the Soviet Union and East Germany constructed the Berlin Wall C) the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001 D) Serbs attacked Bosnia in 1994

C) the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001

Anarchy in the international system refers to __________. A) complete chaos B) the presence of distributive states C) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules D) the absence of structure and rules

C) the absence of a central government that can enforce rules

A security dilemma occurs when _______________.

C) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states

A security dilemma occurs when _______________. A) supply lines are threatened B) governments are unable to decide on a comprehensive security strategy C) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states D) budget constrains don't allow for proper domestic security means

C) the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states

Politicians have a difficult time running formal bureaucratic agencies because ________________. A) only lower-level career officials owe loyalty to the politicians B) the power of agencies is based on their proximity to the president C) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control

C) the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control

Which of the following best characterizes the term structure as defined by Waltz? A) the way units relate to each other B) the relationship formed by the interactions of units C) the arrangement of units in relation to each other D) the institutions that units create to govern their interaction E) the interaction of units

C) the arrangement of units in relation to each other

Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than large groups? A) the defection of one member has a smaller impact on the overall collective good B) small groups want to cooperate more than large groups C) the defection of one member is harder to conceal D) small groups tend to have a central authority to enforce rules on members

C) the defection of one member is harder to conceal

Decisions of individuals can most frequently diverge from ____________ because of information screens. A) a cognitive bias B) a no referential perspective C) the rational model D) the affective model

C) the rational model

Affective bias refers to the emotions felt by decision makers when they consider the consequences of _____________. A) existing policy B) the actions of others C) their own actions D) low-level staff

C) their own actions

According to Rodrik, what is the main challenge of the trade policy in today's world? A) to allow the developed world to control the process of liberalization B) to benefit the developed world at the expense of the developing world C) to render existing openness sustainable and consistent D) to improve the economies of developing countries

C) to render existing openness sustainable and consistent

Public support for involvement in a war __________. A) will typically not affect the popularity ratings of a country's leader B) typically starts low and increases over the long run C) typically starts high and decreases over the long run D) typically starts high and continues to remain high

C) typically starts high and decreases over the long run

Based on the assigned reading, complete the following: According to Singer, the international system as a level of analysis postulates a high degree of ______________________in the foreign policy operational codes of our national actors. A) convergence B) divergence C) uniformity D) diversity

C) uniformity

The current constellation of power in the international system could best be described as a __________ system. A) tripolar B) bipolar C) unipolar D) multipolar

C) unipolar

US backed which leader in the Chinese Civil War of 1947-49?

Chiang-Kai-Shek

"Open Door" was the name given to US policy

China

"Ping-pong diplomacy" is the popular term for resumption of US ties with A) North Korea B) Philippines C) North Vietnam D) China

China

Immigration from which country was restricted by Congress in the 1880s as a precursor to an absolute prohibition for ten years by a treaty signed in 1894?

China

Which statement is characteristic of guerrilla war? A) Civilians often expose the guerrillas to opposing forces B) Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces C) Guerrilla fighters directly confront the enemy army D) Guerrilla fighters do not control any specific territor

Civilians are often punished along with guerrilla forces

Global governance

Combines traditional state-to-state diplomacy with policy collaboration among private groups and intergovernmental organizations

Why might bilateral cooperation be more difficult to achieve than multilateral?

Concerns over relative gains loom large when there are only two major players.

Kant defines ____ as the respect for citizens of other states and trade based on global supply and demand

Cosmopolitan Law

Kant defines ____ as the respect for citizens of other states and trade based on global supply and demand A) International law B) Liberal peace C) Pacific federation D) Cosmopolitan law

Cosmopolitan law

Which of the following institution of the "eastern foreign policy establishment" was set up just after the end of the First World War?

Council on Foreign Relations

What has the United Nations done to provide longer-term support to countries after peacekeeping missions end?

Created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction, institution-building, and economic recovery

In 2011, a no-fly zone was authorized in Libya. This type of action can be considered an example of which principle? A) Peace enforcement B) Executive Board power C) The reciprocity principle D) Collective security

D) Collective security

The Platt amendment restricted the sovereignty of

Cuba

As a result of its defeat in the Spanish-American War, Spain was forced to cede control over

Cuba, Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico

What event in the post-WWII period probably brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war?

Cuban Missile Crisis

Which of the following events in the post-WWII period probably brought the U.S. and the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war?

Cuban Missile Crisis

Which of the following actions was not part of the new isolationism movement in Congress? A) The Senate's rejection of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty B) Cuts in security aid and arms transfers C) Refusal to pay UN dues D) Monetary cuts in the foreign operations budget

Cuts in security aid and arms transfers

The breakup of multinational states was peaceful in which instance?

Czechoslovakia

Approximately how much of the U.S. federal budget is devoted to U.S. foreign aid (economic and military)? A) 25 percent B) 50 percent C) 10 percent D) 1 percent

D) 1 percent

What percentage of the population comprises the "attentive public"? A) 1 percent B) 25 percent C) 5 percent D) 15 percent

D) 15 percent

Liberals believe which of the following? A) States are the least important actors in IR B) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy C) Human nature is altruistic D) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains

D) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains

The most important center of the nonviolent Sunni fundamentalist movement, called Salafis is currently in which country? A) Egypt B) Jordan C) Turkey D) Afghanistan

D) Afghanistan

Which are two intergovernmental organizations? A) OPEC and AAA B) IRS and Planned Parenthood C) WTO and UAW D) African Union and NATO

D) African Union and NATO

Which of the following foreign policy committees provides the most tangible benefits for congressional members? A) Select Intelligence Committee B) International Relations Committee C) Foreign Relations Committee D) Armed Services Committee

D) Armed Services Committee

What did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution authorize? A) Authorized President Kennedy to invade B) Authorized President Eisenhower to form military alliances with noncommunist government in countries such as Iran & Guatemala C) Authorized President Truman to send military advisers & forces to Korea D) Authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to protect US forces in South Vietnam

D) Authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to protect US forces in South Vietnam

Which of the following presidents declared the most military interventions under the War Powers Resolution? A) Richard Nixon B) George W Bush C) Ronald Reagan D) Bill Clinton

D) Bill Clinton

Covert US backing of the anti-Soviet mujaheedeen in Afghanistan was begun under President_______________. A) Reagan B) Nixon C) Ford D) Carter

D) Carter

Trilateral commission was influential in determining the worldview of the administration of President _________________. A) Johnson B) Kennedy C) Nixon D) Carter

D) Carter

"Ping-pong diplomacy" is the popular term for resumption of US ties with A) Philippines B) North Korea C) North Vietnam D) China

D) China

__________ is NOT a necessary component of a state

Democracy

Which vice president is said to have had "unprecedented" authority in foreign policy making?

Dick Cheney

The historical facts that Margaret Thatcher went to war to recover the Falkland Islands from Argentina, Indira Gandhi led a war against Pakistan, and Golda Meir led a war against Syria and Egypt contrast with the assumptions of which branch of feminism?

Difference Feminism

How can one distinguish between difference and liberal feminism? A) Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities. B) Difference feminists believe women can be just as realist as men, whereas liberal feminists believe realism reflects a masculine perception of social relations.

Difference feminists believe that women's unique abilities can be used to transform the entire system of IR, whereas liberal feminists believe that female participation in foreign policy will enhance state capabilities.

B) Angola, Czechoslovakia

During the Cold War, the superpowers tried to affect the composition of the government in __________ by supporting different sides in a civil war, whereas the Soviet Union actually invaded ________ to change its government. A) Cambodia, Nicaragua B) Angola, Czechoslovakia C) Grenada, Iran D) Iraq, Afghanistan

Groupthink

Dysfunctional collective decision making characterized by a strong sense of a group's moral

U.S. Captain Alfred Mahan influenced years of security policy by calling for which of the following grand strategies for the United States?

Expansion of naval forces and bases

A) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues

Diversionary foreign policy is ____________. A) adopting a foreign policy to distract public attention from domestic issues B) trying to influence elite opinions, which will, in turn, influence mass opinion C) trying to confuse an adversary by sending mixed policy signals D) lobbying foreign governments to change their foreign policy

Since the Vietnam War, the trend of political parties inside government has been which of the following? A) No distinct pattern B) Unified government C) Republican government D) Divided government

Divided government

President Taft's policy of "dollar diplomacy" was modeled on US actions in which Central American country?

Dominican Republic

Which was the Central/South American country where the US-trained Gaurdia Nacional was instituted for the first time?

Dominican Republic

Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept that "politics must stop at the water's edge"?

Due to the terrorist attacks of 9-11, Congress yielded foreign policy powers to the president.

Perhaps the most crucial source of conflict in the various wars currently taking place all over the world is _______.

Ethnic Conflict

Perhaps the most crucial source of conflict in the various wars currently taking place all over the world is _______. A) Kinship B) Fascism C) Forestry resources D) Ethnic conflict

Ethnic conflict

D) Share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties

Ethnic groups _____. A) Resist ethnocentrism to keep tensions low B) All have a state of their own C) All want a state of their own D) Share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties

C) Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerbaijan

Examples of conflict resulting from states worrying about the fate of members of the same ethnic group living as a minority in a neighboring state are ______. A) Kurdistan-Turkey and Rwanda-Zaire B) Poland-Czech Republic and Albania-Serbia C) Albania-Serbia and Armenia-Azerbaijan D) Argentina-Brazil and North Korea-South Korea

Which of the following statements regarding presidential foreign policy power is true?

Executive agreements do not require Senate or House approval.

Which of the following statements best describes the system of governance surrounding the president and foreign policy?

Foreign policy powers were specifically divided between Congress and the president.

Executive agreements

Formal agreements negotiated by the executive branch with foreign governments that do not require Senate ratification Often serve as an alternative to treaties

The Dawes plan was an US intervention in a dispute between

France and Germany

What statement best summarizes Rodrik's position on free trade? A) Conventional economics does not apply to free trade. B) Free trade will make most people better off in the long run. C) Free trade is too complicated and not worth the risks or drawbacks. D) Free trade depends on the context and has both limitations and advantages. E) Even if some people lose income in a free trade economy, they can be compensated.

Free trade depends on the context and has both limitations and advantages.

The Dawes plan was an US intervention in a dispute between

French and Germany

Which of the following might be a key aspect of a decision-making process that involves informal consultations? A) Visiting states leaders B) Friends outside of the government C) Rigorous control of agenda D) Active debate

Friends outside of the government

Which of the following might be a key aspect of a decision-making process that involves informal consultations?

Friends outside the government

Which of the following may diverge despite individuals acting rationally?

Goals

Which of the following may diverge despite individuals acting rationally? A) Emotions B) Determination C) Levels of risk acceptance or averseness D) Goals

Goals

The _________model of decision-making consists of negotiations between bureaucratic agencies with divergent interests.

Government bargaining

Government of which of the following countries were the first to receive financial assistance under the doctrine of containment?

Greece Turkey

Match the following fathers with their views regarding the relative power of the branches of government A) Hamilton B) Madison 1) Executive power relatively unconstrained by Congress 2) Executive power constrained by Congress

Hamilton-Executive power relatively unconstrained by Congress Madison-Executive power constrained by Congress

Which president's doctrine lasted nearly half a century as a centerpiece of U.S. foreign policy strategy?

Harry Truman

_____ war is a war over control of the entire world order, whereas ____ war is warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another

Hegemonic, total

Blowback

Hostile actions against a powerful state that are motivated largely by perceived wrongdoings & mistreatment by the target state

A) Once a year

How frequently has the veto by Security Council members been used since 1991? A) Once a year B) Once every two years C) Six times a year D) Once a month

Interdependence

In contrast to anarchy, a model of world politics devised by liberal theorists based on mutual reliance among states & their need to cooperate in solving shared problems

Principled beliefs

In contrast to causal beliefs, structured perceptions toward political problems that are informed primarily by such normative principles as liberty, justice & equality

Which of the following best describes Woodrow Wilson's foreign policy?

Idealism

Which of the following is consistent with the activities pursued in the process of rational decision-making?

Identification of alternatives

Which of the following is consistent with the activities pursued in the process of rational decision-making? A) Identification of alternatives B) Utilization of standardized responses C) Divergent interests

Identification of alternatives

The "new isolationism" movement in Congress is best explained by which of the following factors? A) Strategic factors in Congress B) Situational factors in Congress C) Electoral calculations by legislators D) Ideological beliefs of legislators

Ideological beliefs of legislators

D) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do

Ideology _______. A) tends to increase in importance after a revolution, replaced by national interests B) causes conflict more frequently than any other factor C) decreases conflicts between states more than it causes them D) has a weaker hold on core values and absolute truth than religions do

C) accredit national delegations as members of the UN

In 1971, in place of the nationalists in Taiwan, the delegation of the People's Republic of China was given China's seat in the UN. This is an example of the UN General Assembly's power to ______. A) accredit national delegations as members of UN tribunals B) administer Security Council policy and programs C) accredit national delegations as members of the UN D) provide council on economic and social issues

B) Collective security

In 2011, a no-fly zone was authorized in Libya. This type of action can be considered an example of which principle? A) The reciprocity principle B) Collective security C) Executive Board power D) Peace enforcement

B) Syrian

In 2014-2015, in the ______ civil war, Kurdish fighters received significant international support in fighting ISIS. A) Israeli B) Syrian C) Libyan D) Kurdish

How does a zero-sum game compare to a non-zero sum game?

In a zero-sum game, one player's gain is by definition equal to the other's loss, whereas in a non-zero sum game, it is possible for both players to gain or lose.

A) True

Institutions are typically formalized in international agreements and can be embedded in organizations A) True B) False

Which of the following is an example of a transnational actor?

Intergovernmental organizations

The agency charged with inspecting the the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear materials is the _________.

International Atomic Energy Agency

Outer Space is considered

International Territory

C) Are more likely to lead to violence than other types of conflict of interest

International conflicts over the control of governments and territorial disputes ________. A) Involve actors whose interests are often diametrically aligned B) Are more likely to be resolved peacefully than other types of conflicts of interest C) Are more likely to lead to violence than other types of conflict of interest D) Do not involve core issues of the status and integrity of states

What is the "democratic deficit" identified by Keohane? A) International institutions have immense power but are run by unelected elites who are not accountable to ordinary people. B) International institutions are generally not effective at promoting democracy around the world. C) Many institutions are dominated by powerful states that do not represent a majority of the world's population.

International institutions have immense power but are run by unelected elites who are not accountable to ordinary people.

B) are sometimes institutionalized through organizations in which states participate to manage specific issues

International norms ________. A) are most effective when different states or regions hold different expectations of what is normal B) are sometimes institutionalized through organizations in which states participate to manage specific issues C) can be effective because they become irregular over time D) are frequently ineffective

C) Kashmir, the Middle East, and Japan/China

Interstate border disputes remain today in _________. A) the Gaza strip, Kurdistan, and Yugoslavia B) Czechoslovakia, the West Bank, and the Crimean peninsula C) Kashmir, the Middle East, and Japan/China D) the Golan Heights, Peru/Ecuador, and Hong Kong

The biggest foreign policy failure of President Carter's tenure in office occurred in which country? A) Rhodesia B) Angola C) Afghanistan D) Iran

Iran

Shi'ite Muslims live predominantly in ______. A) Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Jordan B) Southern Libya, Kuwait, and Qatar C) The United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Afghanistan D) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain

Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain

President Eisenhower warned of a U.S. "military-industrial complex," which is an example of which of the following?

Iron triangle

A) territory

Irrendentism is the regaining of _______ lost to another state. A) territory B) Resources C) Political opposition D) sovereignty

The value states place on home territory _____.

Is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds

C) Predominant in an area of conflict

Islam has played a role in many recent conflicts because it is _______. A) Moving into traditionally secular areas B) Inherently warlike C) Predominant in an area of conflict D) Less peaceful than other religions

Hawley-Smoot Act represented which of the following trends in post-World War I US foreign policy? There can be more than one correct answer.

Isolationism Economic Nationalism Protectionism

According to Waltz, what quality characterizes a sovereign state?

It decides for itself how to handle its domestic and foreign problems

Axis powers included

Italy, Japan and Germany

In what ways does iteration affect the outcome of prisoner's dilemma, stag hunt, and chicken minus a strategy of reciprocity?

Iteration decreases the likelihood of defection in prisoner's dilemma and stag hunt but may increase it in chicken

What is the one way in which the power of the UN Security Council is limited?

Its decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states

Which of the following philosophers warned of the tyranny of the majority?

J.S. Mill

Which of the following philosophers warned of the tyranny of the majority? A) Jeremy Bentham B) Joseph Schumpeter C) Thomas Hobbes D) J.S. Mill

J.S. Mill

Which of the following countries committed blatant acts of external aggression in the lead up to World War II and severely damaged the reputation of the League of Nations as an effective instrument of collective security? There can be more than one correct answer. A) Japan B) France C) Italy D) US E) Germany

Japan Germany

The Yalta conference is significant because of which reason? A) IMF and IBRD were created B) Soviet Union agreed to become a part of the UN C) Japan surrendered to the Allies

Japan surrendered to the Allies

Which of the following decisions were taken by Franklin Roosevelt soon after coming to office?

Joined the League of Nations

B) Cosmopolitan law

Kant defines ____ as the respect for citizens of other states and trade based on global supply and demand A) International law B) Cosmopolitan law C) Pacific federation D) Liberal peace

C) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other

Kant's idea of a "separate peace" among liberal states implies A) Authoritarian states only go to war when it benefits them economically B) Liberal states never go to war C) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other D) Liberal states only go to war when it benefits them economically

Interstate border disputes remain today in _________.

Kashmir, the Middle East, and Japan/China

The Peace Corps program was started under President ___________________. A) Kennedy B) Johnson C) Nixon D) Ford E) Carter

Kennedy

Kant's idea of a "separate peace" among liberal states implies A) Authoritarian states only go to war when it benefits them economically B) Liberal states are less warlike toward each other C) Liberal states only go to war when it benefits them economically D) Liberal states never go to war

Liberal states are less warlike toward each other

B) False

Liberal states do NOT tend to be inherently more peaceful towards one another, according to Kant A) True B) False

The theory of _____ connects economic competition with security concerns.

Lateral Pressure

The Alliance for Progress program was directed towards_________________________. A) Middle East B) Africa C) Latin America D) South-East Asia

Latin America

Which among the following scholars believed that increased knowledge of other cultures will lead to peaceful cooperation among all people?

Lawrence Frank

Which among the following scholars believed that increased knowledge of other cultures will lead to peaceful cooperation among all people? A) Kenneth Waltz B) Hans Morgantheau C) John Locke D) Lawrence Frank

Lawrence Frank

The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the __________. A) League of Nations B) North Atlantic Treaty Organization C) European Community D) United Nations

League of Nations

The first attempt at creating a collective security system was the____________

League of Nations

Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980

Legislative measure empowering House & Senate committees to oversee US intelligence activities & requiring presidents to notify Congress about covert operations in foreign countries

Constituent Service

Legislators' attention to the needs of citizens in their states & districts as opposed to more general national concerns

The theory of imperialism that European capitalists were investing in colonies where they could earn big profits to buy off the working class back home, was developed by ___________________.

Lenin

Who was the revolutionary who believed that Russia should make its greatest ambition the spreading of revolution to other nations in order to build a worldwide alliance?

Leon Trotsky

Levels of Analysis

Levels that focus on different actors in the policy process

Which of the liberal conditions outlined by Doyle does Kant belong to?

Liberal Internationalism

Which of these is NOT one of the three traditions of liberalism discussed by Doyle?

Liberal Militarism

Which of the liberal conditions outlined by Doyle does Kant belong to?

Liberal internationalism

Which of the liberal traditions outlined by Doyle does Kant belong to? A) Liberal internationalism B) Liberal pacifism C) Liberal militarism D) Liberal imperialism

Liberal internationalism

Which of these is NOT one of the three traditions of liberalism discussed by Doyle?

Liberal militarism

Kant's idea of a "separate peace" among liberal states implies

Liberal states are less warlike toward each other

Foreign policy entrepreneurs

Members of Congress who adopt US foreign policy as a major concern & take individual actions to advance their policy agendas

A historical practice in which foreign economic policies and trade were manipulated to build up a monetary surplus that could be used to finance war, _______ influences many states' foreign policies.

Mercantilism

How is a middle power distinguished from a great power?

Middle powers can be large geographically but not highly industrialized, whereas great powers have the world's strongest economies to pay for military forces and other power capabilities

Wars of Choice

Military conflicts concerning nonvital national interests

Wars of Necessity

Military conflicts resulting from direct challenges to a nation's vital interests

In what way have technological developments changed the nature of military force?

Military engagements now occur across greater distances

What was the Soviet counterpart to the Marshall plan?

Molotov plan

Which of the following is identified by the text as a characteristic associated with the political psychology of President George W. Bush?

Moralistic worldview

Since 1939, approximately what percent of U.S. international agreements were in the form of executive agreements, not ratified by the Senate?

More than 90 percent

Which of the following statements illustrates the trend in presidential foreign policy power regarding treaties and international agreements?

Most international agreements are executive agreements not subject to Senate ratification.

Which of the following statements illustrates the trend in presidential foreign policy power regarding treaties and international agreements?A) Most international agreements are executive agreements not subject to Senate ratification. B) Most international agreements are treaties subject to Senate ratification. C) Most international agreements are executive agreements subject to Senate ratification under the Case-Zablocki Act. D) Most international agreements are treaties not subject to Senate ratification.

Most international agreements are executive agreements not subject to Senate ratification.

Overall, the U.S. foreign policy process generally operates under which of the following conditions?

Multiple, constraining, and competing interests

Which of the following historical analogies did decision makers utilize when debating the intervention in Vietnam?

Munich 1938

Which of the following historical analogies did decision makers utilize when debating the intervention in Vietnam? A) Munich 1938 B) The Prague Spring C) Pearl Harbor D) The Korean War

Munich 1938

C) Second-strike capability

Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is based on which of the following? A) First-strike capability B) Launch on impact C) Second-strike capability D) Launch on warning

C) Second-strike capability

Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is based on which of the following? A) Launch on impact B) Launch on warning C) Second-strike capability D) First-strike capability

____________ is an element of power on which an actor can draw over the long term, whereas ______ is an element of power that allows an actor to exercise, influence in the short term

Natural resources, military force

Which policy document is called the most comprehensive re-statement of US grand strategy after World War II in order to outline an anti-communist foreign policy?

NSC-68

Marshall Plan

Named after President Harry Truman's secretary of state George Marshall, a US foreign policy initiative approved in 1947 that provided US allies with economic aid to hasten their recovery after WWII

Failed states

National governments that are incapable of maintaining order or providing even minimal services to their citizens

C) international norms

National leaders can expect certain behaviors from their international counterparts. These behaviors are known as __________. A) international standards B) global expectations C) international norms D) international covenants

Which of the following foreign-policy-related positions is not subject to Senate confirmation?

National security adviser

Which of the following foreign-policy-related positions is not subject to Senate confirmation? A) Secretary of defense B) Attorney general C) National security adviser D) Ambassador to the United Nations

National security adviser

Vietnam Syndrome

National self-doubt in the United States in the late 1960s & 1970s as the nation's involvement & defeat in the Vietnam War led to a weakened sense of US primacy & moral superiority

The dissolving of huge multinational states such as Austria-Hungary is an example of the influence of what powerfully disruptive factor?

Nationalism

The dissolving of huge multinational states such as Austria-Hungary is an example of the influence of what powerfully disruptive factor? A) Nationalism B) Internationalism C) Socialism D) Territorialism

Nationalism

Which of the following scholars/philosophers does NOT hold a pessimistic view of human nature?

Norman Angell

C) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders

On the individual level of analysis, _____ A) Wars may be the result of how power is distributed between two countries B) Wars may be the result of government bureaucracies' decisions C) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders D) The totalitarian nature of communist states made them prone to using violence

How frequently has the veto by Security Council members been used since 1991?

Once a year

Hegemon

One nation-state that exerts a controlling influence over other countries & societies that falls short of formal political authority

Guns-or-butter debates

Ongoing policy disputes about federal spending for defense versus social programs & domestic needs

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) was launched on March 20, 2003. The. immediate goal, as stated by the Bush Administration, was to remove the regime, including destroying its ability to use weapons of mass destruction or to make them. available to terrorists.Feb 22, 2008

Why did US avoid launching an attack against Germany across the English Channel till 1944?

Opposition of France

The ___________ model of decision-making relies on standard operating procedures

Organizational Process

Arab Spring

Otherwise known as the "Arab Awakening" a period in 2011 when the citizens of several countries in North Africa & the Middle East mobilized in mass numbers to denounce & in some cases remove, their repressive political leaders from power

A) International territory

Outer space is considered A) International territory B) Open for conquest C) UN territory D) National territory

Kellogg-Briand pact was intended to achieve which objective?

Outlawing war

Which of the following is not a consideration for congressional behavior? A) Electoral factors B) Ideological factors C) Oversight factors D) Situational factors

Oversight factors

According to Kant, a zone of peace has been established among liberal societies. What does he call this zone?

Pacific Federation

According to Kant, a zone of peace has been established among liberal societies. What does he call this zone? A) Pacific society B) Peaceful zone C) Pacific federation D) World Peace

Pacific federation

According to IR research, a unipolar power distribution appears to be best at maintaining _________________.

Peace

D) The supervision of elections

Peace operations of the United Nations include which of the following? A) The use of force to protect shipping B) War regulation C) Intervening in ethnic conflicts to create a ceasefire D) The supervision of elections

A) Ethnic conflict

Perhaps the most crucial source of conflict in the various wars currently taking place all over the world is _______. A) Ethnic conflict B) Kinship C) Fascism D) Forestry resources

The Spanish-American War ended Spain's empire in which South-East Asian country?

Philippines

D) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia

Piracy has become a problem in what region of the world? A) South of the Cape of Good Hope near South Africa B) The Straits of Antigua near Sierra Leone C) The western Mediterranean near Gibraltar D) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia

B) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia

Piracy has become a problem in what region of the world? A) The Straits of Antigua near Sierra Leone B) South of the Suez Canal near Somalia C) The western Mediterranean near Gibraltar D) South of the Cape of Good Hope near South Africa

B) the trafficking of cocaine

Poor peasants in Latin America who benefit substantially, in terms of income, from the drug trade pose a challenge to the United States in its attempts to restrict ______. A) Latin American military forces B) the trafficking of cocaine C) great wealth and power D) lateral pressure

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

Procedures that bureaucratic managers routinely follow in performing their tasks

Monroe Doctrine

Proclamation by President James Monroe in 1823 that politically separated the United States from Europe & declared future colonization in the Western Hemisphere a threat to US nationals security

Which of the following institutions was "the first large-scale attempt to standardise international political problems on a rational basis..."?

The League of Nations

Which of the following is not an example of formal congressional foreign policy powers? A) Power of the purse B) Confirming foreign ambassadors C) Advising and consent on treaties D) Recognizing foreign governments

Recognizing foreign governments

Control of the _________ Islands in the South China Sea is a source of conflict among several countries.

Spratly

How can liberal theories of IR be distinguished from realism?

Realists see the rules of IR as timeless and unchanging, whereas liberal theorists see the rules of IR as evolving incrementally.

Religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because _______.

Religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth

A) Religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth

Religious conflicts are difficult to resolve because _______. A) Religions deal with core values that are held as absolute truth B) There is something inherent in religion that creates conflict C) People feel particularly vulnerable about religion D) They involve infidels

The Bolshevik government of Russia challenged which of the founding principles of the US political and social system? There can be more than one correct answer.

Religious freedom Respect for private property

The War Powers Resolution of 1973 did which of the following? A) Mandated that a member of each chamber in Congress be a part of the National Security Council B) Allowed Congress to fund or not fund military interventions C) Transferred the power to declare war to Congress D) Required the president to consult with and report to Congress regarding military interventions

Required the president to consult with and report to Congress regarding military interventions

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Resolution approved by Congress in 1964 authorizing President Lyndon Johnson to "take all necessary measures" to protect US forces supporting the government of South Vietnam

Which is the latest country to pull out of the International Criminal Court?

Russia

Which of the following pairs countries were not part of the arms limitation conferences and treaties after World War I

Russia and Germany

Theodore Roosevelt is well-known for his active role in the postwar settlement between which of the following powers?

Russia and Japan

The disadvantage of dominance as a solution to collective-goods problems include which of the following?

Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower ranking members of the status hierarchy

The Concert of Europe was characterized by

Stable peace and anti-liberalism

Which of the following is not an example of the president's discretion as commander-in-chief?

The decision of President George H. W. Bush to appoint John Tower as the Secretary of Defense

Security dilemma

The destabilizing effect of military expanions by one state, even for defensive purposes, as other states respond by expanding their armed forces

______ is a unique style of conflict over borders and involves efforts by a province or region to separate from an existing state.

Secession

Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is based on what?

Second-strike capability

Which of the following is the best example of conservatism in bureaucratic politics?

Secretary Rumsfeld's failed attempts to transform the military

Neoliberal Institutionalsm

Sees interstate cooperation as deriving from repeated interactions between governments.

Which of the following is an aspect of cognitive psychology as it relates to studying U.S. foreign policy?

Selective perceptions; cognitive consistency; cognitive closure; use of analogies; bolstering

_______ is characterized by the principle that people who identify as a nation should have the right to create a state and pursue sovereignty over their affairs.

Self Determination

_______ is characterized by the principle that people who identify as a nation should have the right to create a state and pursue sovereignty over their affairs. A) Ethnicity B) Territorial expansion C) Fascism D) Self-determination

Self determination

A) True

Serbians vehemently claim that Kosovo is under Serbian sovereignty, yet most of the citizens of Kosovo hope to secede and become an internationally recognized state. A) True B) False

Realists believe which of the following? A) Human nature is altruistic B) States act in an international system characterized by anarchy C) Absolute gains are more important than relative gains D) States are the least important actors in IR

States act in an international system characterized by anarchy

Which is NOT an assumption of realism, according to Mearsheimer? A) States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions B) States can never be certain about the intentions of other states C) The international system is characterized by anarchy D) The most basic motive driving states is survival

States are able to effectively reduce the threat of war through the creation of international institutions

Ethnic groups _____.

Share ancestral, language, cultural, or religious ties

A) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain

Shi'ite Muslims live predominantly in ______. A) Iran, southern Iraq, southern Lebanon, and Bahrain B) Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Jordan C) Southern Libya, Kuwait, and Qatar D) The United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Afghanistan

C) against attempting to alter borders by force

Since World War II, an international norm has developed ________. A) to support international intervention in secessionist conflicts B) that prefers the redrawing of borders to the toppling of a state's government C) against attempting to alter borders by force D) to allow irrendentism even if violence is necessary

A) True

Slantchev argues that narrow self-interest explains the Concert of Europe's ability to reach a mutually acceptable territorial distribution A) True B) False

One who looks to presidential speeches and the news media to understand foreign policy decision making is likely to support which of the following theories of international relations?

Social constructivism

President Clinton's referring to "rogue states" and President Bush's emphasizing an "axis of evil" are examples of which of the following theories?

Social constructivism

Rationality implies which of the following?

States are unitary actors that can think about their actions coherently and make choices.

Transnational civil society

Societal forces that extend beyond the political boundaries of a nation-state, including interest groups, public opinion, the news media & intergovernmental organizations

A) True

Some international relations scholars argue that because war and military force are not very impactful in today's world, these means of influence are becoming obsolete. A) True B) False

Included in limited war are military actions carried out to gain ______ and occupation of the enemy

Some objectives short of the surrender

Which of the following is a characteristic of a political structure that is hierarchically ordered?

Some units command, whereas others obey

Rational Actors

Someone who weights his or her options based upon objective national interests, tangible measures of power & external threats

The world's predominantly Islamic countries have the largest populations in which regions?

South and Southeast Asia

The world's predominantly Islamic countries have the largest populations in which regions? A) Central and sub-Saharan Africa B) the Middle East and North Africa C) South and Southeast Asia D) Central and East Asia

South and Southeast Asia

Which statement about Islamist movements is false? A) Not all Islamist groups are violent B) Islamists reject Western-oriented secular states in favor of governments more explicitly oriented to Islamic values C) Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement D) Some Islamists aspire to create a single political state encompassing most of the Middle East

Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims cooperate and are mostly unified under the Islamist movement

_______ is provided by satellites.

Surveillance

Who among the following Obama administration officials had to withdraw from consideration as a possible secretary of state due to fears of a lengthy, contentious confirmation process in the Sena

Susan Rice

USA PATRIOT Act

Sweeping legislation passed after the 9/11 attacks that increased the federal government's ability to investigate suspected terrorists in the United States. An acronym for "Uniting & Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate

In 2014-2015, in the ______ civil war, Kurdish fighters received significant international support in fighting ISIS.

Syrian

Which piece of legislation passed by Congress in 1972 required presidents to report all international agreements to Congress within sixty days of their entering into force? A) The Jackson-Vanik Amendment B) The War Powers Resolution C) The Nelson-Bingham Amendment D) The Case-Zablocki Act

The Case-Zablocki Act

Which of the following statements regarding presidential foreign policy power is true?A) Executive agreements do not require Senate or House approval. B) The Case-Zablocki Act allowed the president to issue executive agreements for national security purposes C) The Case-Zablocki Act required the president to get approval by two-thirds of the Senate to issue an executive agreement. D) The War Powers Resolution of 1973 gave the president the ability to declare war.

The Case-Zablocki Act required the president to get approval by two-thirds of the Senate to issue an executive agreement.

The fifty odd year period following the Napoleonic Wars is usually referred as

The Concert of Europe

The fifty-odd year period following the Napoleonic Wars is usually referred to as ____ A) The League of Nations B) The Congress of Vienna C) The Concert of Europe D) None of the above

The Concert of Europe

B) Stable peace and anti-liberalism

The Concert of Europe was characterized by A) The protection of civil liberties and focus on human rights B) Stable peace and anti-liberalism C) An unstable balance of power system D) An inability to resolve territorial disputes

C) regional, specific

The IGOs that have been more successful are ones that are ______ in scope with a ________ purpose. A) global, specific B) continental, general C) regional, specific D) regional, general

One of the most formidable roadblocks to Nixon's policy of detente with the Soviet Union cam when the Congress made the approval of the Soviet trade agreement conditional on freedom of Jews to emigrate from the USSR. This was encapsulated in which of the following legislative measures?

The Jackson-Vanik Amendment

A) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

The U.S. withdrew from which arms control treaty in 2002? A) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty B) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I C) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II D) Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty

B) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty

The U.S. withdrew from which arms control treaty in 2002? A) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty II B) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty C) Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty D) Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I

B) limited

The U.S.-led war against Iraq in 1991 is an example of ________ war. A) hegemonic B) limited C) civil D) total

C) limited power

The UN Security Council's decisions depend entirely on the interests of its member states, and although Security Council resolutions in theory bind all UN members, member states in practice often try to evade or soften their effect. These characteristics of the Council are both examples of its _______. A) disregard for nations' sovereignty B) plenary sessions C) limited power D) expansive influence

B) is headquartered in Denmark

The UN Standby High Readiness Brigade ________. A) is available for deployment to conflict areas in two to three months B) is headquartered in Denmark C) is controlled by the General Assembly D) has not yet been used in an area of conflict

A) Cambodia

The UN peacekeeping mission in _______ took over actual control of the government after a long civil war until elections could be held to choose a new government. A) Cambodia B) Bosnia C) Haiti D) Rwanda

A) assembled by the secretary-general each time a mission is deemed necessary

The UN's peacekeeping forces are __________. A) assembled by the secretary-general each time a mission is deemed necessary B) able to serve in a country even if the government does not want them there C) funded out of the general UN budget D) a standing army ready to be deployed at a moment's notice

Containment

The US strategy devised by US diplomat George Kennan at the start of the Cold War to prevent Soviet expansion. A midrange alternative to the extremes of US withdrawal from global activism & direct military conflict with the Soviet Union

Which of the following is not an example of foreign policy procedural legislation? A) The Trade Act of 1974 B) The USA PATRIOT Act C) Restructuring of the State Department D) Creation of the Government Accountability Office

The USA PATRIOT Act

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the _________.

The Warsaw Pact

A) Falkland

The _____ Islands are a historical example of the control of small islands causing potentially serious interstate territorial disputes. A) Falkland B) Marshall C) Solomon D) Midway

Which advantage is not considered to be an informal power of the president?.

The ability to appoint foreign ambassadors

Which advantage is not considered to be an informal power of the president?.A) The ability to control information B) The ability to appoint foreign ambassadors C) The ability to claim a national constituency D) The position as a political party leader

The ability to control information

A) International Atomic Energy Agency

The agency charged with inspecting the the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear materials is the _________. A) International Atomic Energy Agency B) Non-Proliferation Inspection Agency C) World Nuclear Energy Agency D) Civilian-Military Nuclear Power Agency

A) International Atomic Energy Agency

The agency charged with inspecting the the nuclear power industry in member states to prevent secret military diversions of nuclear materials is the _________. A) International Atomic Energy Agency B) World Nuclear Energy Agency C) Civilian-Military Nuclear Power Agency D) Non-Proliferation Inspection Agency

Iron triangle

The alliance of influential interest groups, congressional committees & corresponding executive branch agencies to carry out policies of mutual concern to the exclusion of other policy actors or outside interests

Soft power

The attractiveness of a nation's political & cultural values to other states & societies that enhances the nation's ability to gain support form other governments for its policy goals

A) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war

The basis of Schumpeter's theory of liberal pacifism is _____ A) Capitalism and democracy lead to peace because no democracy would tolerate the high costs of imperialism and war B) Authoritarian leaders choose war less frequently than democratically elected leaders C) Democracies go to war for glory D) War is in the interest of democratically elected leaders

B) Czechoslovakia

The breakup of multinational states was peaceful in which instance? A) Yugoslavia B) Czechoslovakia C) Georgia D) Kurdistan

According to Oye, what is the effect of introducing more players into a game?

The prospect of cooperation decreases substantially

Cold War

The protracted conflict between the United States & the Soviet Union & their respective allies, from WWII until 1991 that was labeled "Cold" because it never led to direct military combat between the nuclear superpowers

B) Truth commissions

The purpose of _____ is to help the postwar society to heal and move forward by bringing to light what really happened during the war by offering asylum from punishment to the participants A) The United Nations Security Council B) Truth commissions C) The Human Rights Watch D) Peacekeeping forces

Unilateralism

The pursuit of foreign policy objectives without the collaboration or assistance of other governments

Decisions of individuals can most frequently diverge from ____________ because of information screens.

The rational model

Organizational culture

The set of shared values, goals & functional priorities of the members of a government agency

With which of the following statements would Keohane be most likely to agree?

The significance of international institutions has increased greatly since 1945.

Which of the following is a way in which the components of the military-industrial complex influence foreign policy decision-making? A) The spreading out of weapons projects into many constituencies B) The appointment of executives in military industries as church officials C) Military-themed blockbuster movies

The spreading out of weapons projects into many constituencies

Level of analysis

The systemic, societal, governmental & individual factors that shape foreign policy decisions & outcomes

D) Lateral pressure

The theory of _____ connects economic competition with security concerns. A) Economic linkage B) Globalization C) Economic liberalism D) Lateral pressure

A) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction

The three types of military capabilities are ________. A) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction B) intelligence groups, conventional forces, and irregular forces C) regular forces, chemical weapons, and counterinsurgency D) tactical forces, strategic forces, and nuclear forces

B) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction

The three types of military capabilities are ________. A) intelligence groups, conventional forces, and irregular forces B) conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction C) tactical forces, strategic forces, and nuclear forces D) regular forces, chemical weapons, and counterinsurgency

Gunboat diplomacy

The use of deployed military forces as a means of political intimidation in order to achieve a nation's foreign policy preferences without resorting to violence

B) state-sponsored terrorism

The use of terrorist groups by states to achieve political aims is ________. A) counterinsurgency B) state-sponsored terrorism C) possible only in wartime D) counterterrorism

C) state-sponsored terrorism

The use of terrorist groups by states to achieve political aims is ________. A) possible only in wartime B) counterinsurgency C) state-sponsored terrorism D) counterterrorism

B) Is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds

The value states place on home territory _____. A) Has declined with the development of technology and trade as bases of wealth B) Is far beyond any economic or strategic value it holds C) Is low enough that states will often exchange territory for money or other considerations D) Is equivalent to that of colonies

C) South and Southeast Asia

The world's predominantly Islamic countries have the largest populations in which regions? A) the Middle East and North Africa B) Central and East Asia C) South and Southeast Asia D) Central and sub-Saharan Africa

Why does Frankel argue that international trade may have the effect of reducing income inequality within countries? A) Workers tend to benefit more from trade than the owners of capital do. B) Trade tends to increase a country's overall income, making everyone better off. C) Trade makes countries richer, and richer countries can afford to adopt income redistribution policies. D) Trade allows countries to import cheap consumer goods, allowing the poor to enjoy a better standard of living. E) Countries that trade more tend to be more democratic, so the people are able to exert pressure on governments to redistribute income.

Trade tends to increase a country's overall income, making everyone better off.

Which of the following cases gave way to the best example of an issue network formation?

U.S. relations with China regarding most-favored-nation status

C) peacekeeping missions

UN involvement in the Darfur region of Sudan and the Democratic Congo in 2012 were the UN's two biggest _______ that year. A) plenary sessions B) peace tribunals C) peacekeeping missions D) rebel movements

What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce?

US-South Korean alliance in Asia became stronger

During the Cold War, the alliances of states coordinated under the leadership of the _____________ was called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

United States

Which of the following great powers protested Russian treatment of the Jews?

United States

Which is NOT one of the theorists discussed in detail by Doyle in the article "Liberalism and World Politics"?

Waltz

Which is NOT one of the theorists discussed in detail by Doyle in the article "Liberalism and World Politics"? A) Schumpeter B) Waltz C) Machiavelli D) Kant

Waltz

D) Created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction, institution-building, and economic recovery

What has the United Nations done to provide longer-term support to countries after peacekeeping missions end? A) Asked NATO or African Union troops to replace UN peacekeepers B) Installed the UN Standby High Readiness Brigade to maintain order and stability C) Worked with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank to provide funding to the countries D) Created a Peacebuilding Commission to coordinate reconstruction, institution-building, and economic recovery

B) It creates a need for the UN because it provides services that no single state would

What is the impact of state sovereignty on the United Nations? A) It creates an opportunity for the UN to use the dominance principle when dealing with states B) It creates a need for the UN because it provides services that no single state would C) It enhances the power of the UN because states rely on it D) It allows the UN to use armed force for humanitarian purposes

From Fearon's perspective, why is it preferable for states to choose peace over war? A) War always has costs. B) Peace treaties always produce better consequences than war. C) States generally have enough information about the adversary to guarantee peaceful relations. D) Preparation for war is far greater than preparation for peace.

War always has costs.

B) Factions

War between _______ within a state trying to create, or prevent, a new government for the entire state or some part of it is civil war A) Families B) Factions C) Militias D) Guerrillas

D) Front lines

Warfare without _____ involving irregular forces is called guerrilla war A) Lethal gasses B) Armies C) Hegemonic intentions D) Front lines

On the individual level of analysis, _____ A) Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders B) Wars may be the result of government bureaucracies' decisions C) Wars may be the result of how power is distributed between two countries D) The totalitarian nature of communist states made them prone to using violence

Wars may be the result of rational decisions of national leaders

An example of Cold War alliances between states is the _________

Warsaw Pact

D) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

Weapons of mass destruction include _________. A) biological, conventional, and chemical weapons B) chemical, ballistic, and biological weapons C) nuclear, conventional, and biological weapons D) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

B) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons

Weapons of mass destruction include _________. A) chemical, ballistic, and biological weapons B) nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons C) biological, conventional, and chemical weapons D) nuclear, conventional, and biological weapons

A) Veto resolutions

What can the permanent members of the UN Security Council do that nonpermanent members cannot? A) Veto resolutions B) Request a meeting of the Security COuncil C) Abstain on resolutions D) Ignore the content of a resolution

Who made the famous "Iron Curtain" speech that is said to have officially marked the beginning of the Cold War?

Winston Churchill

B) soldiers are typically sent to a country only when a cease-fire has been arranged

With respect to UN peacekeeping, ________. A) soldiers are under the joint command of generals from each of the countries represented on the peacekeeping force B) soldiers are typically sent to a country only when a cease-fire has been arranged C) member states have accepted a proposal to upgrade forces to take on a peacemaking role D) soldiers are typically armed with artillery and tanks

C) Any expansion of permanent seats might include India, with 20 percent of the world's population and a predominantly Islamic country

With respect to changes in the structure of the UN Security Council, ________. A) Japan and Australia would like to be permanent members because they contribute a great deal of money to the UN and have a stake in a stable security climate B) Britain and Turkey would be reluctant to give up their individual seats for one "European" seat C) Any expansion of permanent seats might include India, with 20 percent of the world's population and a predominantly Islamic country D) Brazil developed a plan that would give permanent seats with veto power to at least six additional countries

A) they have been used only rarely

With respect to chemical weapons, ________. A) they have been used only rarely B) they are impossible to defend against C) they never remain in the target area for long D) they must be inhaled to be fatal

C) they have been used only rarely

With respect to chemical weapons, ________. A) they never remain in the target area for long B) they must be inhaled to be fatal C) they have been used only rarely D) they are impossible to defend against

C) Marines move to battle in ships but fight on land

With respect to conventional forces, which of the following is true? A) Electronics, especially radar, are relied on most by artillery B) Infantry, armor, and blacksmiths are part of armies C) Marines move to battle in ships but fight on land D) In most armed forces, the minority of soldiers are involved in logistics

B) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system

With respect to terrorism, which of the following is true? A) Terrorism is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States, Europe, and South Asia B) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system C) Terrorist activities frequently achieve political ends D) Suicide bombings occur most frequently against autocracies rather than democracies

A) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system

With respect to terrorism, which of the following is true? A) Terrorists are more willing than states are to violate the norms of the international system B) Terrorism is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States, Europe, and South Asia C) Terrorist activities frequently achieve political ends D) Suicide bombings occur most frequently against autocracies rather than democracies

With respect to the impact of gender on war and peace, difference feminists believe that _______________.

Women are inherently more peaceful then men

Which of the following President's foreign policy rhetoric is said to have inspired anti-colonial nationalist movements against European powers?

Woodrow Wilson

Which of the following President's foreign policy rhetoric is said to have inspired anti-colonial nationalist movements against European powers?Which of the following President's foreign policy rhetoric is said to have inspired anti-colonial nationalist movements against European powers?

Woodrow Wilson

Which political leader emphasized free trade as one of his "fourteen points" for a global postwar order?

Woodrow Wilson

Which president's moral views of foreign policy were often attributed to his upbringing as the son of a minister?

Woodrow Wilson

A) Hegemonic, total

_____ war is a war over control of the entire world order, whereas ____ war is warfare by one state waged to conquer and occupy another A) Hegemonic, total B) Civil, hegemonic C) Total, limited D) Limited, civil

C) Secession

______ is a unique style of conflict over borders and involves efforts by a province or region to separate from an existing state. A) Irredentism B) Corruption C) Secession D) Ethnic cleansing

A) Self-determination

_______ is characterized by the principle that people who identify as a nation should have the right to create a state and pursue sovereignty over their affairs. A) Self-determination B) Ethnicity C) Territorial expansion D) Fascism

B) Surveillance

_______ is provided by satellites. A) Attack capability B) Surveillance C) Early warning of asteroid incursions D) Counterinsurgency

C) Surveillance

_______ is provided by satellites. A) Early warning of asteroid incursions B) Counterinsurgency C) Surveillance D) Attack capability

D) India and Pakistan

__________ tested nuclear weapons in 1998. This is an example of a regional increase of tensions. A) South Africa and Egypt B) Israel and Syria C) Argentina and Brazil D) India and Pakistan

Which of the following were the motivations and characteristics of the "New Look" strategy espoused under President Eisenhower? There can be more one correct answer. A) Sustain the principles of containment as espoused under President Truman with different methods B) Greater reliance on allies to provide manpower for regional and global conflicts C) Increase the size of the conventional forces D) Increasing use of subversive methods E) Sustain the principles of containment as espoused under President Truman with similar methods F) Permit substantial budget cuts without weakening national defense G) Increasing reliance on nuclear weapons to deter the Soviet Union H) Permit substantial budget increases to bolster national defense I) Cut back the size of the conventional forces J) Leave open the use of nuclear weapons against the Soviet Union, if necessary K) Abandon the principles of containment as espoused under President Truman

a) sustain the principles of containment as espoused under President Truman with different methods b) greater reliance on allies to provide manpower for regional & global conflicts d) Increase the use of subversive methods f) permit substantial budget cuts without weakening national defense g) Increasing reliance on nuclear weapons to deter the Soviet Union i) Cut back the size of conventional forces j) leave open the use of nuclear weapons against the Soviet Union, if necessary

According to Robert Putnam, the conduct of trade policy is a prime example of a "two-level game" because ____________ a) multinational cooperations exert a substantial impact on members of Congress & other elected officials, so these lawmakers have little say in the negotiation process for new trade policies b) The terms of the prospective trade agreement must be agreeable to both foreign leaders & domestic stakeholders, meaning negotiations must work to resolve everyone's concerns, & both foreign governments & domestic actors must recognize the benefits of expanded trade c) The terms of the prospective trade agreement must be approved not only by the parties involved but also by international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization, thus forcing signatures to demonstrate how the trade arrangement benefits the global economy d) Although trade agreements are negotiated by officials in the executive branch & ratified by Congress, multinational corporations have little influence over the process & are forced to negotiate with one another

b) The terms of the prospective trade agreement must be agreeable to both foreign leaders & domestic stakeholders, meaning negotiations must work to revolve everyone's concerns & both foreign governments & domestic actors must recognize the benefits of expanded trade

Which of the following acronyms refers to the organization through which anti-communist psychological warfare was carried out by the Eisenhower administration in Eastern Europe? a) DDT b) VOA c) LOE d) GHQ e) RFE

b) VOA e) RFE

Which political leader emphasized free trade as one of his "fourteen points" for a global postwar order? a) Harry Truman b) Woodrow Wilson

b) Woodrow Wilson

Which of the following was NOT discussed by Hook as a reason the global projection of power is difficult for the United States to maintain? a) large trade & budget imbalances b) insufficient reliance on global economic institutions like the WTO, World Bank & IMF c) Increasing costs of maintaning the global error d) imperial overstretch

b) insufficient reliance on global economic institutions like the WTO, World Bank & IMF

Which one of these factors is not a challenge to US primacy? a) anti-American due to globalization b) omni-enmeshment in the global economy c) cycles in the balance of power d) blowback against American dominance & intervention

b) omni-enmeshment in the global economy

The U.S. attempted to contain the Soviet Union influence around the world after WWII by ________ a) maintaining military bases & alliances only in Europe, close to the Soviet borders b) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe c) staging missile tests in the Arctic to intimidate the Soviets d) splitting with China

b) providing aid to rebuild Western Europe

Which of the following policies, also known as "Star Wars", did President Reagan call for? a) Preemptive war b) Strategic defense initiative c) Nuclear deterrence d) Flexible response

b) strategic defense initiative

Which of the following policy issues consumed President Barack Obama's attention the most during his first 2 years in office? a) global warming b) the global economic crisis c) universal health care d) the war on terrorism

b) the global economic crisis "Once President Barack Obama took office in January 2009, he devoted much of his energy to reviving the US economy, which virtually collapsed the year before as the result of reckless lending practices by major banks & mortgage brokers." Pg. 6-Hook

Political demonstrations in Seattle in 1999 were direct specifically against which organization a) international monetary fund b) world trade organization c) united nations d) world bank

b) world trade organization "The most dramatic example of this backlash occurred at the 1999 annual meeting of the World Trade Organization in Seattle, Washington, when protesters blocked streets, smashed storefronts & distracted the delegates from their focus of expanding free trade." Pg. 15

The sequence of steps in the rational model of decision making is _________________.

clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

The sequence of steps in the rational model of decision-making is ____________.

clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

The sequence of steps in the rational model of decision-making is ____________. A) clarify goals, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, order goals by importance and choose the course of action B) order goals by importance, list alternative to achieve goals, clarify goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action C) clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

clarify goals, order goals by importance, list alternatives to achieve goals, investigate consequences of alternatives, and choose the course of action

Which president best represents the collegial model of foreign policy management?

clinton

Which president's grand strategy called for "engagement and enlargement" of democratic norms and markets for U.S. foreign policy?

clinton

International relations ___________

concerns the relationships among the world's governments

The three types of military capabilities are ________.

conventional forces, irregular forces, and weapons of mass destruction

A ___________ feminist focuses on valorizing the feminine and valuing the unique contributions of women as women, a _____________ feminist tends to reject the assumptions about gender made by other feminist, and a ________________ feminist seek to include women more often as a subject of study.

difference, postmodern, liberal

Levels of analysis offer _________ explanations for international events

different

What did Harry Truman's sign "the buck stops here" illustrate about his role in foreign policy decision-making?

foreign policy decisions were ultimately his responsibility

What did Harry Truman's sign "the buck stops here" illustrate about his role in foreign policy decision-making? A) foreign policy decisions were ultimately his responsibility B) his opinion was more important that anyone else's

foreign policy decisions were ultimately his responsibility

Warfare without _____ involving irregular forces is called guerrilla war

front lines

Which president best represents the formalistic model of foreign policy management?

george w bush

The _________model of decision-making consists of negotiations between bureaucratic agencies with divergent interests. A) government bargaining B) rational C) risk aversion D) organizational-process

government bargaining

A nation is NOT a __________ share characteristics such as language and culture.

group of people who

The UN Standby High Readiness Brigade ________.

is headquartered in Denmark

In Waltz's microtheory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct

is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true

In Waltz's microtheory of international relations, the assumption that states act according to a survival instinct...

is the most simple and useful assumption to make about states' actions, even if it is not always true

Military power may be said to have a high degree of fungibility because A) it operates at the same level of power as wealth and political skill B) it affords a state a higher position of power in the political realm C) it can free a state from outside influence D) it allows a state to gain influence by aligning with stronger states

it allows a state to gain influence by aligning with stronger states

When Art refers to force as being "fungible" he means that A) it is more flexible than economic power B) it is more useful to a state than economic power C) it can be used for a variety of tasks in a variety of contexts

it can be used for a variety of tasks in a variety of contexts

In Art's view, which of a state's assets is most fungible? A) its military power B) its economic wealth C) its political leadership

its economic wealth

The explosive power of fission weapons is measured in _________, whereas the explosive power of fusion weapons is measured in _______.

kilotons, megatons

Governments survive by relying on _____________. A) bribes B) persuasion C) force D) legitimacy

legitimacy

Based on Oye's discussion of payoff structures, two states in an open alliance will be A) less likely to betray each other because they payoff of cooperation would increase B) more likely to betray each other because they payoff of cooperation would decrease C) more likely to betray each other because bilateral strategies offer no substantial payoff in a multilateral world D) not likely to act any differently from two states in a secret alliance E) less likely to betray each other because they payoff for defection would decrease

less likely to betray each other because they payoff for defection would decrease

Bases on Oye's discussion of payoff structures, two states in an open alliance will be...

less likely to betray each other because they payoff for defection would decrease

The ___________ model of decision-making relies on standard operating procedures. A) rational B) risk aversion C) individual D) organizational-process

organizational-process

UN involvement in the Darfur region of Sudan and the Democratic Congo in 2012 were the UN's two biggest _______ that year.

peacekeeping missions

The ability to get another actor to do what it would not otherwise have done, or not to do what it would have done is the definition of ______.

power

The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is ___________.

power

The most important feature of international relations according to a realist is ___________. A) international law B) power C) morality D) absolute gains

power

Choices about how capabilities are used in situations and whether or not a state is willing to use its capabilities are known as _____________.

power strategies

The idea that the largest wars will result from challenges to the top position in the status hierarchy is referred to as the ______________.

power transition theory

International relations is largely a(n)__________ discipline

practical

Which element of Fearon's argument flows from his concept of the international system as anarchic? A) the presence of hierarchy limits negotiated agreements between states B) states may lack capabilities to launch preventative wars C) it is through disorder and chaos that hierarchical structure emerges D) preventive wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state

preventive wars are a rational response to a state's inability to trust another state

The U.S. attempted to contain the Soviet Union influence around the world after WWII by ___________.

providing aid to rebuild Western Europe

Democrats in Congress are often accused of being A) against foreign aid spending. B) soft on defense. C) sympathetic to religious lobbies. D) uneducated about foreign affairs

soft on defense.

Democrats in Congress are often accused of being A) against foreign aid spending. B) soft on defense. C) sympathetic to religious lobbies. D) uneducated about foreign affairs.

soft on defense.

The use of terrorist groups by states to achieve political aims is ________.

state-sponsored terrorism

A current example of a collective-goods problem is that________________

states find it hard to cooperate to reduce environmental damage

Which of the following is identified by Doyle as "the basic postulates of liberal international theory"?

states have the right to be free from foreign intervention

In 1995 superpower leaders gathered in Geneva, deciding to reconstitute Austria. This type of gathering can be considered an example of a_____________.

summit meeting

In 2014-2015, in the ______ civil war, Kurdish fighters received significant international support in fighting ISIS. A) Kurdish B) Syrian C) Israeli D) Libyan

syrian

What is the dilemma that lies at the heart of the one-shot prisoner's dilemma game?

that it's entirely rational for both players to choose individually an outcome that is collectively suboptimal

What does Ghemawat's "10 Percent Presumption" presume? A) that about 10 percent of the books on globalization are worth reading B) that only 10 percent of what is written by pronounce of globalization is accurate C) that 10 percent is a reasonable cutoff point between a globalized and nonglobalized world D) that on any indicator of globalization, the level of internationalization will be closer to 10 percent than 100 percent E) that as levels of trade increase to over 10 percent of GDP, a country starts to feel the economic benefits of economic integration

that on any indicator of globalization, the level of internationalization will be closer to 10 percent than 100 percent

North Korea, in 2012, succeeded in testing a long-range missile with a transcontinental reach. This is an example of the failure of _______.

the Missile Technology Control Regime

Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty calls for members to come to the defense of a fellow member under attack. It was invoked for the first time when __________________.

the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001

Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty calls for members to come to the defense of a fellow member under attack. It was invoked for the first time when __________________. A) Serbs attacked Bosnia in 1994 B) the Soviet Union and East Germany constructed the Berlin Wall C) the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001 D) Ethiopia attacked Somalia

the United States came under terrorist attack in 2001

Anarchy in the international system refers to __________.

the absence of a central government that can enforce rules

Anarchy in the international system refers to __________.

the absence of structure and rules

A security dilemma occurs when _______________.

the actions taken by a state to ensure its own security threaten the security of other states

Decisions of individuals can most frequently diverge from ____________ because of information screens. A) the rational model B) a no referential perspective C) a cognitive bias D) the affective model

the affective model

Politicians have a difficult time running formal bureaucratic agencies because ________________.

the agencies can be too large and too routinized to easily control

According to Art, what makes force "integral" to political interaction in the international realm? A) the fact that among all actors in international relations, only states have the capacity to use force B) the fact that all states have the capacity to use force C) the anarchic nature of the system

the anarchic nature of the system

What best characterizes the term structure as defined by Waltz?

the arrangement of units in relation to each other

Which of the following best characterizes the term structure as defined by Waltz?

the arrangement of units in relation to each other

Globalization is ________

the central trend in international relations today

According to one of the theories within the broad theoretical approach of realism, conflicts between middle powers and smaller states can be resolved or contained by _____________.

the hegemon

The success of collective security depends on __________.

the level of commitment and agreement among member states

"Policy of chastisement" refers to the myriad US counter-insurgency tactics employed by US forces in

the myriad US counter-insurgency tactics employed by US forces in D) Philippines On Philippines..."Later in the war, it added a 'policy of chastisement,' waging fierce and often brutal campaigns against pockets for resistance

Based on the assigned reading, complete the following: According to Singer, the international system as a level of analysis postulates a high degree of ______________________in the foreign policy operational codes of our national actors.

uniformity

The current constellation of power in the international system could best be described as a __________ system.

unipolar

Which of the following is an element of prospect theory? Decision makers ___________________. A) use a reference point for comparison B) attach their own feelings onto another actor C) asses the value of other decision makers

use a reference point for comparison

From Fearon's perspective, why is it preferable for states to choose peace over war? A) war always has costs B) peace treaties always produce better consequences than war C) states generally have enough information about the adversary to guarantee peaceful relations D) preparation for war is far greater than preparation for peace

war always has costs

Fearon argues that it is puzzling to see states choosing war because A) two adversaries are always likely to lose more than they gain by fighting B) there is probably no issue--or few--upon which it is impossible for states to reach a negotiated agreement C) war is inherently a gamble

war is inherently a gamble

Dollar diplomacy in Central America _______________ implemented with the backing of US military power.

was

Which of the following is an example of a U.S. war of necessity?

ww2