POM TEST 3

The most effective sources of new employee sources are job postings on websites. __________

False

Benefits are additional nonmonetary forms of compensation designed to enrich the lives of all employees in the organization. Common benefits include medical insurance, vacation days, and credit unions, all paid for in whole or in part by the company. __________

True

Explaining the organization's mission and operations, the job routine and the organization's work rules and benefits should be an integral part of employee orientation. __________

True

Human resource (HR) management consists of the activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce.

True

The Family and Medical Leave Act requires employers to provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons, including for childbirth, adoption, or family emergency. __________

True

The great majority of union workers are in the public sector. __________

True

The type of appraisal in which employees are evaluated by their managers, peers, and subordinates is called the 360-degree assessment. __________

True

Tiffany is an architect for the building of a large office complex downtown. Frequently a group of steel workers whistle at her as she climbs a ladder or interacts with staff. The men's actions create a hostile work environment. __________

True

In using reinforcement, a manager should • clearly communicate the desired behavior. • reward both desired and undesired behavior. • give all employees the same rewards to ensure fairness. • save rewards for weekly or monthly celebrations. • avoid using punishment.

a. clearly communicate the desired behavior

A person's overall satisfaction with work depends on how he or she feels about several components. Which of the following is not one of these components? • life outside of work • pay • promotions • coworkers • supervision

a. life outside of work

The management department at a local university began posting all assignments and other class materials to a course management website instead of creating a packet or printed materials for students to purchase each term. The management department is implementing a ______ innovation. • Process • Product • Policy • Breakthrough • Reactive

a. process

Those high in this emotional intelligence trait tend to be empathetic. • Social-awareness • Self-awareness • Self-efficacy • Self-management • Relationship management

a. social-awareness

As a maintenance person for the air force, Alex services aircraft engines, which protects the lives and safety of military personnel and increases their ability to conduct missions. Alex's job has a high level of • task significance. • task identity. • skill variety. • autonomy. • feedback.

a. task significance

_______ is the process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations. • Reference innovation • Benchmarking • Competitive change • Continuous improvement • Radical innovation

b. benchmarking

Which of the following is not one of the main ways to reduce cognitive dissonance? • Change your attitude. • Complete an emotional intelligence assessment. • Change your behavior. • Find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones. • Belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior.

b. complete an emotional intelligence assessment

Employees at KarKare, Inc., believe that the company is fair to all employees, regardless of their age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability. It is accurate to say that KarKare has a positive • ethnocentric culture. • diversity climate. • role conflict. • employee assistance program. • transgender population.

b. diversity climate

Which of the following factors most reduces an organization's ability to learn from failure? • employees who like to experiment with multiple solutions • employees who blame others for failure • employees with a strong desire to acquire personal wealth • employees who embrace a learning culture • employees with a high tolerance for ambiguity

b. employees who blame others for failure

Which of the following is not a practice used to create a flexible workplace? • job sharing • gainsharing • telecommuting • part-time work • compressed workweeks

b. gainsharing

Which of the following is not one of the primary uses of OD? • adapting to a merger • improving recruitment • managing conflict • revitalizing an organization • adapting to an acquisition

b. improving recruitment

_______ are organizations of employees formed to protect and advance their members' interests by bargaining with management over job-related issues. • Arbitration boards • Labor unions • Safety boards • Mediation firms • Right-to-work groups

b. labor unions

_____________ is the set of techniques used for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective. • Corporate transformation • Organizational development • Revitalization • Continuous improvement • Incremental innovation

b. organizational development

A managerial innovation that improves the efficiency of a company's cross-functional teams would be considered a ______ innovation. • Product • Process • Core • Transformational • Practical

b. process

A supervisor told a salesperson who had not made any calls to clients and therefore did not make quota, "Well, if this continues in the next 30 days, you'll probably be let go." The supervisor provides an example of _____ by presenting the likely negative outcome to the salesperson. • negative reinforcement • Punishment • Extinction • intrinsic motivation • positive reinforcement

b. punishment

Which of the following is a distortion in perception? • causal attribution • stereotyping • halo effect • recency effect • cognitive dissonance

b. sterotyping

Which of the following is NOT a principal reason for transferring an employee? • The employee's skills are needed in another part of the organization. • The employee is suspected of illegal behavior. • Giving employees a new challenge can help to maintain their interest and motivation. • The employee has personal differences with his or her present boss. • The transfer offers an opportunity to broaden employee experience.

b. the employee is suspected of illegal behavior

In 2011, when automakers began to create new jobs, new union hires were offered about half the pay ($14 an hour) that autoworkers were getting before ($28). This is an example of • union security clauses. • two-tier wage contracts. • cost-of-living adjustments. • incentives. • givebacks.

b. two-tier wage contracts

_______ is the extent to which a job allows an employee to make decisions about scheduling different tasks and deciding how to perform them. • Horizontal loading • Skill variety • Autonomy • Task significance • Task identity

c. autonomy

______ is a state of emotional, mental, and even physical exhaustion, expressed as listlessness, indifference, or frustration. • Eustress • Distress • Burnout • Role overload • Role ambiguity

c. burnout

______ represent(s) all the ways people are unlike and alike. • Lifestyle • Dimensions • Diversity • Conditions • Background

c. diversity

After struggling with the accounting training, Peter is unsure whether he can complete the end-of-year financial reporting with no errors in the time allotted. In this case, Peter is low on the ______ element of expectancy theory. • Valence • Outcomes • Expectancy • Instrumentality • Performance

c. expectancy

The three types of dismissals are ______, downsizings, and layoffs. • Outsourcings • Resourcings • Firings • Closings • Transfers

c. firings

Suppose a soft-drink company, Loco Cola, is conducting a force-field analysis to determine which forces could facilitate a proposed change (the introduction of a new lemon-lime soda) and which forces could act against it. Which of the following would Loco Cola consider a counterthruster? • Market research indicates that noncaffeinated, clear (lemon-lime) sodas are increasing in popularity. • Loco Cola's Facebook pages has more than 3.5 million likes. • Loco Cola has never been able to gain any significant market share outside of the Midwest. • In unbiased surveys, college students often say that Loco Cola manufactures their favorite soft drinks. • Loco Cola is a favorite among the Millennial generation.

c. loca cola has never been able to gain any significant market share outside of the midwest.

Ted was hiring a new financial analyst, and he had several good candidates. He was leaning toward hiring Akiko, a Japanese American woman, because he thinks Asians are better at math. Ted is exhibiting which distortion in perception? • Racism • recency effect • stereotyping • Pygmalion effect • self-serving bias

c. sterotyping

Being dismissed "for cause" means that • an employee has an opportunity to get the position back in the future. • an employee quit the job. • the company is downsizing, and the jobs are permanently eliminated. • an employee is being fired for poor job performance or unacceptable behaviors. • an employee is being laid off.

d. an employee is being fired for poor job performance or unacceptable behaviors

______ is the belief that one's native country, culture, language, abilities, or behavior is superior to those of another culture. • Reverse discrimination • Stereotyping • An ethical dilemma • Ethnocentrism • Diversity

d. ethnocentrism

A year after she assisted Thomas Engineering in making changes to an employee incentive plan, Kara, an OD consultant, is visiting the company to determine if the changes were helpful. Kara will compare sales and turnover data from the last three years to the current year. Kara is in the ______ stage of the OD process. • Refreezing • Intervention • Diagnosis • Evaluation • Adaptation

d. evaluation

It has been two years since any employee has received a bonus at Tech Outlet, and the possibility of getting one no longer seems to motivate employees. In this case, management has inadvertently applied • expectancy. • negative reinforcement. • intrinsic motivation. • extinction. • punishment.

d. extinction

Which of the following is a process perspective on motivation?A. self-determination theoryB. job characteristics modelC. two-factor theoryD. goal-setting theoryE. acquired needs theory

d. goal-setting theory

______ involves division of an organization's work among its employees and applies motivational theories to jobs to increase satisfaction and performance. • Job enlargement • Job development • Job simplification • Job design • Job enrichment

d. job design

________ programs help employees integrate and transition to a new job. • Organizational citizenship • Employee assistance • Attribution • Onboarding • Proactive

d. onboarding

______ is at the center of the diversity wheel. • Philosophy • Philanthropy • Perception • Personality • Psychology

d. personality

A technological innovation that improves the performance and speed of a computer's operating system would be considered a(n) ______ innovation. • Adaptive • Transformational • Personnel • Product • Process

d. product

"What shall we do about the problem?" is the question that would most likely be asked during the ______ stage of OD. • Changing • Diagnosis • Feedback • Treatment or intervention • Evaluation

d. treatment of intervention

A binding decision may be sought from ________ if a grievance procedure is not sufficient to solve a labor-management dispute. • a shop steward • the AFL-CIO • an arbitrator • the EEOC • a mediator

e. a mediator

The statement "I really don't like that Ivan got so angry in that meeting" reflects the ______ component of an attitude. • Behavioral • Factual • Cognitive • Value • Affective

e. affective

The ______ component of an attitude consists of the beliefs and knowledge one has about a situation. • Behavioral • Decisional • Perceptual • Affective • Cognitive

e. cognitive

Typically the ________ clause in a union contract is tied to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' consumer price index (CPI). • union security • right-to-work • agency • givebacks • cost-of-living adjustment (COLA)

e. cost-of-living adjustment

______ means that anyone can be dismissed at any time for any reason at all, or for no reason. • Fair termination • Capricious dismissal • Quid pro quo • Nonrational dismissal • Employment at will

e. employment at will

A manager must consider fairness, __________, and others' resentments in considering a promotion of an employee. • Openness • Permanence • Profitability • Safety • Nondiscrimination

e. nondiscrimination

Bethany had a starring role in a film that was shot in her hometown of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Though the Screen Actors Guild, an actors' union, exists in Louisiana, Bethany was not required to join it because of the state's ________ law. • union security • agency • givebacks • cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) • right-to-work

e. right-to-work

_____________ is the extent to which people like or dislike themselves. • Emotional stability • Self-awareness • Locus of control • Self-efficacy • Self-esteem

e. self-esteem

Because she beat her goal this year by nearly 30 percent, Lori has been telling everyone in the sales department of her incredible skill as a salesperson. But last year when she didn't even reach her goal, she said her failure was due to the poor economy. Lori provides an example of • the halo-effect. • a self-fulfilling prophecy. • fundamental attribution bias. • selective perception error. • self-serving bias.

e. self-serving bias

According to goal-setting theory, goal setting helps motivate you by doing all the following except • directing your attention toward goal-relevant tasks and away from irrelevant ones. • making obstacles become challenges to be overcome, not reasons to fail. • making it more likely you will realize success. • regulating the effort expended. • taking attention away from real work.

e. taking attention away from real work

________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations. • Ethics • Cultures • Perceptions • Attitudes • Values

e. values

A job specification describes the minimum qualifications a person must have to perform the job successfully. For example, a job specification for an editor may require all editors to have flawless grammar skills. __________

false

A manager should administer punishment in public in front of employees because the embarrassment enhances the punishment and its effectiveness.__________

false

During annual inventory week, a department store may ask its employees to work 12 hours a day instead of the usual 8. During tax-preparation time, the store's accounting department may work similar hours. Although accounting employees are in a different department from stockroom and sales employees, it's reasonable to expect that the accounting employees wouldn't be terribly upset by the temporary change in hours because they've seen it in effect elsewhere in the store. This is an example of innovative change. __________

false

General Electric paid employees who were smokers up to $750 to quit and stay off cigarettes. This program was three times as successful as a different GE "quit smoking" program in which employees received no paid incentives. The $750 in the first program is an example of an intrinsic reward. __________

false

Goal-setting theory suggests that behavior tends to be repeated if it has positive consequences and tends not to be repeated if it has negative consequences. __________

false

In OD, single interventions have been found to work better than multiple interventions. __________

false

Individuals with an external locus of control tend to display greater work motivation, which leads to higher salaries. __________

false

Intrinsic motivation is not as long lasting as extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation has a less positive impact on task performance. __________

false

Mediation is the process in which a neutral third party, an arbitrator, listens to both parties in a dispute and makes a decision that the parties have agreed will be binding on them. __________

false

Most workers rate monetary benefits higher than a caring boss. __________

false

One of the ways to create a Pygmalion effect is to encourage employees to visualize failing at executing tasks and use their fear of failure to motivate them. __________

false

Reactive change involves making carefully thought-out changes in anticipation of possible or expected problems or opportunities. __________

false

The glass ceiling is a concept that applies to women, but not to minorities. __________

false

The task significance for a craftsperson who goes through all the steps to build a handmade acoustic guitar is higher than it is for an assembly-line worker who just installs windshields on cars. __________

false

Those with a high need for achievement may be the least efficient managers because they may resist making decisions that make others resent them. __________

false

To motivate employees, employers need to primarily focus on fulfilling the top level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, self-actualization. __________

false

Your supervisor says the company needs you to stay late to meet an important deadline, but your family expects you to be present for your child's birthday party. You are experiencing role overload. __________

false

"Joe drinks too much because he has no willpower; but I need a few drinks after work because I'm under a lot of pressure" is an example of an attribution statement. __________

true

A smoker who claims that the habit is not as dangerous as antismoking messages suggest, saying "My grandmother smokes and she's in her 80s," is attempting to increase cognitive dissonance. __________

true

Adaptive change is the least threatening type of change and is therefore least likely to create resistance. __________

true

After a recent exam, students earning Ds blamed factors such as bad luck, unclear lectures, and unfair testing for their poor performance. These students are engaged in self-serving bias. __________

true

An example of a self-fulfilling prophecy is a server who expects some poorly dressed customers to be stingy tippers, who therefore gives them poor service, and so gets the result he expected—a much lower tip than usual. __________

true

An organizational culture that celebrates failure helps foster innovation. __________

true

Corporate restructurings threaten to eliminate jobs and generally trigger strong resistance. __________

true

Innovation is mostly the product of hard work and dedication rather than a "eureka" moment of epiphany. __________

true

Keurig created a new category of coffee/tea preparation by offering one-cup-at-a-time pod-style brewing with its "K-cups." Keurig's product is an example of a transformational innovation. __________

true

Lee has hired two new employees for her team, Jim and Judy. Jim is outgoing and attractive, while Judy is very bright but seems quiet and unsure. Lee immediately expects Jim to outperform Judy at the job. Lee is likely experiencing the halo effect. __________

true

Motivation cannot be directly observed in another's behavior; it must be inferred from one's behavior. __________

true

New research shows that the cubicle is not a motivational environment, stifling creativity and morale for many workers. __________

true

Procter & Gamble modified a liquid detergent to make it available as a concentrated powder in a pouch. P&G's new product is an example of a core innovation. __________

true

Roberto finds his job description and the criteria for promotion vague, an example of role ambiguity. __________

true

Simplified, repetitive jobs lead to job dissatisfaction, poor mental health, and a low sense of accomplishment and personal growth. __________

true

The marketplace is becoming less homogeneous and moving toward more niche products. ____________________

true

To be most motivating, goals should be specific and challenging but achievable.__________

true

To use positive reinforcement, give praise to employees not for showing up for work on time (an expected part of any job) but for showing up early. __________

true