population health exam 1, in depth

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about client advocacy. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching? "I will make sure clients understand treatment options before they sign a consent form." "I will make sure to speak to my client's adult children on deciding if a surgical procedure should be conducted." "I will inform clients they should research health information so they do not bother providers with questions." "I will not alert my client that they have access to their medical records via the patient portal."

"I will make sure clients understand treatment options before they sign a consent form." One of the duties of a nurse advocating for clients is to ensure that the client understands treatment options, risks, and outcomes so that they are able to give informed consent before procedures.

A public health nurse is assessing a client for determinants of health. Which of the following questions should the nurse include in their assessment? (Select all that apply.) - "Do you have a family history of any medical conditions?" - "What medications do you currently take?" - "Where do you work?" - "What type of health insurance do you have?" - "How old are you?"

- "Do you have a family history of any medical conditions?" - "Where do you work?" - "What type of health insurance do you have?" - "How old are you?"

A nurse working at a community health center is caring for a client that reports disappointment and feeling ashamed of their weight. Which of the following responses should the nurse give? "How about if you start tracking your caloric intake?" "Many people struggle with weight loss." "What has been bothering you the most about your weight?" "Medications may be able to help you lose a lot of weight if you'd like to try that."

"What has been bothering you the most about your weight?" This is the most appropriate response by the nurse because it acknowledges the client's expressed concerns, is open-ended, and encourages further discussion.

A nurse working in a community health clinic is caring for a client who reports they have not slept for several days. Which of the following responses should the nurse give? "Have you tried melatonin?" "I have issues falling asleep every night as well." "You need to stop drinking coffee." "What has made it difficult for you to sleep lately?"

"What has made it difficult for you to sleep lately?" The nurse should provide a response that demonstrates acknowledgment of the client's concern and that is open-ended as well as genuine. This provides an opportunity for the client to discuss their situation and emotions further.

A public health nurse is facing challenges with the local public health team while implementing evidence-based interventions in an immunization program. Which of the following statements by team members should the nurse identify as knowledge-related barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply.) - "I do not really know how to use the computer for anything other than checking email and updating the spreadsheets." - "I barely have time to get everything done, because my caseload has grown by 50 percent this year." - "The supervisor said that the way we do things has worked for years, and there is no reason to change." - "I took a statistics course in college, but I have not really used any of it since then." - "I am not really sure where to look for new evidence." - "The last time we tried to present new evidence, the director discouraged it."

- "I do not really know how to use the computer for anything other than checking email and updating the spreadsheets." - "I took a statistics course in college, but I have not really used any of it since then." - "I am not really sure where to look for new evidence."

A nurse in a community clinic is teaching a parent about the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.) - "My 18-year-old is eligible for CHIP." - "Medicaid is for elderly people only." - "My employer will withhold a portion of my pay for CHIP." - "We have to enroll in Medicaid to be eligible for CHIP." - "We can use CHIP for primary care and hospital care."

- "My 18-year-old is eligible for CHIP." - "We can use CHIP for primary care and hospital care."

A nurse is discussing eligibility for Medicare coverage with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an example of a client who would be eligible for Medicare coverage? (Select all that apply.) - A 60-year-old client who has a disability - A client who is 70 years old - A young adult client who has chronic kidney disease - A middle adult client who is the head of household and has income below poverty level - A 20-year-old client who is seeking asylum

- A 60-year-old client who has a disability - A client who is 70 years old - A young adult client who has chronic kidney disease

A nurse is conducting a presentation for a group of student nurses related to the goals and objectives of Healthy People 2030. Which of the following does the nurse discuss as overarching goals of Healthy People 2030? (Select all that apply.) - Reduce blood lead levels in children ages 1 to 5 years - Increase the proportion of adolescents who receive treatment for their depression - Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. - Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. - Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all. - Increase the proportion of children and adolescents who play sports.

- Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all. - Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all. - Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all.

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service about transcultural nursing for a group of staff nurses. The nurse should identify which of the following phases as part of Leninger's Sunrise Model? (Select all that apply.) - Culture care maintenance/preservation - Culture care impact/effects -Culture care negotiation/accommodation - Culture care influences - Culture care restructuring/repatterning - Culture care sensitivity

- Culture care maintenance/preservation - Culture care negotiation/accommodation - Culture care restructuring/repatterning

In a rural community setting, a health care organization is attempting to create an institutional framework in their approach to eliminate health disparities. Which of the following policies should the facility institute to reduce health disparities? (Select all that apply.) - Demonstrate culturally competent practices and protocols. - Maintain a diverse workforce. - Cultivate cross-cultural communication and awareness. - Encourage holistic care that includes all cultures. - Develop rules and policies that are congruent with the community.

- Demonstrate culturally competent practices and protocols. - Maintain a diverse workforce. - Cultivate cross-cultural communication and awareness.

A nurse is reviewing the history of U.S. health care reforms. The nurse should identify that the following reforms were implemented in what order? Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicare Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

- Medicare - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) - Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) - Affordable Care Act (ACA)

A nurse at a county public health department is developing a breast cancer screening program for a population of homeless individuals in the county. Which of the following resources should they use to find evidence-based information from government sources? (Select all that apply.) - National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) - Robert Wood Johnson Foundation - Cochrane - The CDC - PICOT

- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) - The CDC

A school nurse had identified a need for improved playground safety. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, which of the following steps should the nurse take before selecting changes aimed at improving playground safety? (Select all that apply.) - Organizing an effort to work on improvement - Planning the change - Doing it; executing the plan - Studying and analyzing new data and checking results - Clarifying current knowledge of the process

- Organizing an effort to work on improvement - Planning the change - Clarifying current knowledge of the process

A community health nurse is preparing an educational program about Healthy People 2030 that will be presented at a local community center. What goals should the nurse include as part of a presentation about Healthy People 2030? (Select all that apply.) - Give government the responsibility of designing policies to improve the health of the public. - Eliminate all chronic health conditions. - Promote healthy development and behaviors across all life stages. - Achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being. - Attain healthy lives free of preventable disease.

- Promote healthy development and behaviors across all life stages. - Achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being.

A nurse manager of a public clinic is evaluating health disparities among diverse groups in the community. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors has an impact on health disparities? (Select all that apply.) - Race - Gender - Ethnicity - Residential location - Income

- Race - Ethnicity - Residential location - Income

A community health nurse is conducting research about emergency preparedness in a community. According to Wilder's community-engagement research model, which of the following activities indicate to the nurse that the community is engaged in the research in the leader role? (Select all that apply.) - Residents conduct door-to-door surveys. - Residents attend informational sessions about the nurse's plan for data collection. - Local businesses report extra inventory that could be used in an emergency. - A group of residents begins to develop questions for a survey. - A community center offers a meeting room for data collectors.

- Residents conduct door-to-door surveys. - A group of residents begins to develop questions for a survey.

A nurse manager in a community health clinic is teaching about the practice of cultural humility among staff members. Which of the following principles of cultural humility should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) - Bias - Reinforcement - Self-awareness - Openness - Ego

- Self-awareness - Openness

A nurse is caring for a client who frequently uses pesticides. The nurse should understand that which of following is true about pesticides? (Select all that apply.) - They can cause illness through genetic mutations or cancer development. - They can enter the air and cause lung irritation when inhaled. - They are harmless. - They are part of a natural environment. - Their residue seeps into the ground and can harm drinking water.

- They can cause illness through genetic mutations or cancer development. - They can enter the air and cause lung irritation when inhaled. - Their residue seeps into the ground and can harm drinking water.

A nurse is preparing a cultural assessment for a client who is from a different racial and ethnic background than the nurse. In completing the cultural assessment, which of the following pieces of data should the nurse collect about the client's cultural practices? (Select all that apply.) - Values - Beliefs - Lifestyle behaviors - Housing preference - Language

- Values - Beliefs - Lifestyle behaviors - Language

Nurses and members of an interdisciplinary team on a college campus are preparing for the return of students to campus following summer break. Which of the following interventions would provide primary prevention against an outbreak of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)? (Select all that apply.) - Wearing masks indoors - Weekly surveillance testing via nasal swab - Daily symptom monitoring - Requiring vaccination - Administration of antivirals

- Wearing masks indoors - Requiring vaccination

The nurse is preparing a presentation about health care delivery in the U.S. for a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the presentation to describe the U.S. health care system? 1. "The U.S. spends more on health care than other developed countries." 2. "The U.S. has better health outcomes than other developed countries." 3. "The U.S. health care delivery system is population-focused." 4. "The U.S. nursing workforce is expected to increase over the next decade."

1. "The U.S. spends more on health care than other developed countries."

A nurse is providing a presentation about individuals who made early contributions to public health nursing. Which of the following contributions should the nurse credit to Lillian Wald? 1. Establishment of the Henry Street Settlement 2. Establishment of the Stillman House 3. Establishment of the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) 4. Establishment of the American Red Cross

1. Establishment of the Henry Street Settlement.

Which of the following are stages of change in the transtheoretical model? (Select all that apply.) 1. Precontemplation 2. Maintenance 3. Interpersonal Relationships 4. Action 5. Planning

1. Precontemplation 2. Maintenance 4. Action 5. Planning

A client asks a nurse to help identify resources for a weight loss plan the client is developing. Which of the following theoretical frameworks might the nurse use in this situation? 1. Health Belief Model 2. Transtheoretical Model 3. Social Cognitive Theory 4. Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior

2. Transtheoretical Model Good for formulating individualized plans for change towards healthier behaviors

An occupational nurse is reviewing recent incidence rates and notes an increase in back injuries. Which of the following would be a population health intervention the nurse could employ to address this issue? 1. Require all employees to wear a back brace 2. Provide the worker with information on local pain clinics 3. Meet individually with workers reporting back injury to determine the cause 4. Offer educational sessions to all workers regarding the prevention of back injuries

4. Offer educational sessions to all workers regarding the prevention of back injuries

A nurse is caring for a client who is dying and wishes to discontinue taking their medications. Which of the following ethical principles is the nurse demonstrating by respecting the client's decision? Nonmaleficence Beneficence Autonomy Justice

Autonomy The nurse is demonstrating the ethical principle of autonomy by respecting the client's wishes. Autonomy is the ability to be able to make informed decisions independently.

A community health nurse reports that some families are in desperate need of basic preventative health care services. Which of the following principles supports providing resources to families in the community that are in need? Justice Beneficence Autonomy Nonmaleficence

Beneficence The nurse is demonstrating the ethical principle of beneficence. Beneficence is doing what is in the best interest of the client and protecting them from harm.

A nurse is requesting a referral for a case manager for a client who requires financial assistance for their medications. Which of the following forms of advocacy is the nurse demonstrating? Client advocacy Professional advocacy Political advocacy Community advocacy

Client advocacy The nurse is demonstrating client advocacy by requesting a referral for a case manager to assist with the client's financial concerns regarding affording their medications.

A nurse is caring for a client who does not have proper understanding of a surgical procedure that is scheduled for the next day. The nurse notifies the client's provider. Which of the following concepts is the nurse demonstrating? Client education Client advocacy Accountability Autonomy

Client advocacy The nurse is demonstrating the concept of client advocacy. Client advocacy protects the client's rights and provides assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. In this instance, the nurse is protecting the client by notifying the client's provider to ensure the client completely understands their surgery and questions are addressed.

A nurse is reviewing a client's medical record with a dietitian who is part of the client's interdisciplinary team. Which of the following elements of Nursing's Social Contract is the nurse demonstrating? Collaboration Responsibility and accountability Progress and Development Ethical Practice

Collaboration The nurse is discussing the client's medical record with the dietitian, which is a demonstration of Collaboration. Collaboration with members of the interdisciplinary team is critical in providing effective care so that each aspect of the client's needs will be met.

A nurse is caring for a client who asks how their food choices might affect their blood pressure. To which of the following members of the interprofessional team should the nurse refer this client? Kinesiologist Dietitian Social worker Pharmacist

Dietitian The nurse should request a referral for the client to see a dietitian. A dietitian is part of the interprofessional team and can go through the client's list of foods to determine if they are affecting their blood pressure.

A nurse is preparing to discharge a client with a newborn who has a tracheostomy and will require apnea monitoring at home. Which of the following resources should the nurse recommend to the client to assist with tracheostomy care and apnea monitoring? Community center clinic Ambulatory care center Occupational health center Home health care

Home health care The home health care agency will provide services to the client by assisting with education on tracheostomy care and on using the apnea machine properly for the newborn.

A community health nurse is caring for a client who informs the nurse that they need a kidney transplant but their insurance has been discontinued. Which ethical principle should the nurse be aware of to provide resources for this client? Veracity Autonomy Accountability Justice

Justice The nurse is demonstrating the ethical principle of justice, which refers to fairness. Community and public health nursing agree to strive for justice in health care and resources for all clients' well-being.

A public health nurse is providing an explanation to newly hired public health nurses on the standards of care along with the policies and procedures that reflect Nurse Practice Acts. Which of the following is imperative that the new nurses know about Nurse Practice Acts? Nurse Practice Acts specify the scope and standards of practice for student nurses. Nurse Practice Acts are the laws governing nursing practice. Nurse Practice Acts specify the code of ethics to be used in hospital settings. Nurse Practice Acts are governed by the federal government, not state law.

Nurse Practice Acts are the laws governing nursing practice. A Nurse Practice Act is a state law that outlines standards of care and provides guidance to nurses in safe and effective practice.

A nurse is speaking with the nursing supervisor about a staffing shortage and its implications for staff on their unit. Which of the following forms of advocacy is the nurse demonstrating? Political and legislative advocacy Professional advocacy Community advocacy Client advocacy

Professional advocacy The nurse is demonstrating professional advocacy by speaking with the nursing supervisor regarding the staffing shortage on their unit and its implications for staff, such as burnout and safety concerns.

A public health nurse working in the community center asks the nurse manager where nurses can obtain information on the competencies that public health nurses should possess. Which document should the nurse manager recommend? The Minnesota Model for Public Health Nursing Practice Nurse Practice Act (NPA) American Nurses Association (ANA): Code of Ethics Public Health Nursing Competencies

Public Health Nursing Competencies The nurse manager should direct the public health nurses to the Public Health Nursing Competencies, which provide guidance on the competencies for public health nurses.

A public health nurse is providing an explanation to newly hired public health nurses on the concept of community health nursing as a population-based service. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the explanation? Physical assessment prior to hospital admission Intake interviews for long-term care placement Develop policies for health benefits at a local factory Screening and surveillance of communicable diseases

Screening and surveillance of communicable diseases A key role of the community/public health nurse involves disease and health event investigation, as well as surveillance, screening, and community outreach for diseases including communicable and non-communicable diseases. Surveillance involves assessment of the population health prior to and following health events. Screening is employed to identify disease cases within the population.

A nurse working at a community health clinic is reviewing the staff schedule and notices the clinic has been working short staffed for the past 3 months. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to address this issue? Cancel and reschedule client appointments to times when staff are available. Speak to clients and get feedback about the scheduling challenges. Speak to the manager and advocate for a strategy that ensures adequate staffing. Close the clinic early due to staffing concerns.

Speak to the manager and advocate for a strategy that ensures adequate staffing. By speaking to the stakeholder and advocating for better staffing considerations, the nurse is demonstrating an ability to help shape and inform policy making for this important issue.

A community health nurse is reinforcing teaching to new nurses on a scenario in which a nurse has forgotten to refer a client to a social worker, causing a delay in medication coverage for the client. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates the element of responsibility and accountability under nursing's social contract? The nurse requests to speak to their supervisor to discuss workload. The nurse explains the reason why the delay occurred. The nurse makes excuses for the delay. The nurse accepts fault in the delay of the client's medication coverage.

The nurse accepts fault in the delay of the client's medication coverage. In accepting the fault for the situation, the nurse is demonstrating the element of responsibility and accountability of nursing's social contract. The nurse has accepted fault and is transparent about the situation.

A nurse is preparing an orientation for newly licensed community health nurses on the standards of professional practice. Which of the following is a critical thinking model that describes a competent level of nursing care? Elements and Standards Model The nursing process The Minnesota Model for Public Health Nursing Practice Professional Nursing Model

The nursing process The nursing process is a critical thinking model describing a competent level of nursing care. When the nursing process is applied in community health settings, the nurse has the opportunity to employ systematic strategies when caring for clients. The nurse will use interpersonal and intellectual skills in combination with clinical judgment to promote client health and safety of the populations involved.

A public health nurse has been assigned to call a client who speaks a different language than the nurse. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates cultural competency? Ask the client's family member to help with interpretation. Ask the office receptionist who can speak multiple languages to help with interpretation. Use the organization's interpretation or translation service for this call. Speak slowly and use simple terms.

Use the organization's interpretation or translation service for this call. Language barriers can lead to miscommunication, and use of an interpretation or translation service can help to improve satisfaction, quality, and safety of care.

A community health nurse is working in a clinic that treats many clients who do not have homes and have mental health needs, but follow-up care is inadequate. How can the nurse implement Provision 9 of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics ? Take responsibility for improving the safety of mental health care at the community clinic. Allow mental health caregivers to address the issue to avoid crossing professional boundaries. Improve commitment to providing the best mental health care possible through continuing education. Write a letter to the head of the clinic to report the need for mental health follow-up care.

Write a letter to the head of the clinic to report the need for mental health follow-up care. Provision 9 of the Code of Ethics discusses the need for the nursing profession to address national and global health concerns, as well as be involved with shaping policies through political action, which includes writing a letter to report and address the issue. The nurse is advocating for the need for mental health follow-up care.

A public health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which statement by the newly licensed nurse indicates understanding of the table related to false positives? a. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease." b. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease." c. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease." d. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

a. "False positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease."

A community health nurse is explaining to a newly licensed nurse the difference between an observational and experimental study. Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide? a. "No variable is manipulated in observational studies as occurs in experimental studies." b. "Experimental studies run longer than observational studies." c. "Observational studies require fewer participants than experimental studies." d. "Observational studies do not require informed consent as experimental studies do."

a. "No variable is manipulated in observational studies as occurs in experimental studies."

A community health nurse is using the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines to recommend health screenings for a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following descriptions applies to Grade A screenings? a. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial. I would like to offer it to you." b. "Research indicates this screening exam has a small benefit. Let's discuss this more to see if this screening is right for you." c. "Research indicates this screening is not warranted at this time and may, in fact, be harmful." d. "There is not enough evidence to determine if this screening is helpful or not. Let's take a closer look at this recommendation together."

a. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial. I would like to offer it to you."

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is being enrolled in an epidemiological cohort study. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work." b. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." c. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." d. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

a. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work."

A home health nurse is searching for evidence-based information about the benefits of caregiver support groups. Which of the following sources is the best source for systematic reviews and recommendations about this topic? a. Cochrane b. PICOT c. Healthy People 2030 d. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

a. Cochrane

A public health nurse is completing an institutional review board (IRB) application for an analytic study in a community hospital following an outbreak of Escherichia coli. Which of the following stages of the analytic study is the nurse engaged in? a. Conduct/implementation b. Conceptualization/design c. Data analysis d. Interpretation of findings

a. Conduct/implementation

A nurse is discussing cultural competency with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should include that nurses should have the ability to communicate with clients across which of the following sociocultural barriers to be culturally competent? a. Different sexual orientations b. Different social statuses c. Different professional roles d. Different religious beliefs

a. Different sexual orientations

A nurse is discussing methods of disease transmission with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following methods of transmission describes congenital infections that are passed from the birthing parent to their newborn? a. Direct b. Airborne c. Vehicle d. Vector

a. Direct

Which of the following are examples of natural disasters? (select all that apply) a. Earthquakes b. Acts of terrorism c. Hurricanes d. Sinkholes e. Blizzards

a. Earthquakes c. Hurricanes d. Sinkholes e. Blizzards

A public health nurse is administering an influenza immunization to a client who asks about the extent of influenza in the community. Which of the following levels should the nurse identify if the rate of influenza cases is at the expected level for the current time of year? a. Endemic b. Pandemic c. Outbreak d. Epidemic

a. Endemic

A community health nurse is helping community members with their disaster planning. Which of the following are objectives of Healthy People 2030 regarding disaster preparedness? (select all that apply) a. Increase awareness of local evacuation plans b. Decrease the number of human-made disasters that occur each year c. Increase the number of evacuation routes and shelters d. Increase the number of individuals who have a disaster plan e. Increase the number of individuals who are prepared for a disease outbreak

a. Increase awareness of local evacuation plans d. Increase the number of individuals who have a disaster plan e. Increase the number of individuals who are prepared for a disease outbreak

A community health nurse is caring for a client who tested positive for an infectious disease but is not yet exhibiting manifestations. Which of the following stages of illness in the natural history of disease model is the client in? a. Incubation period b. Stage of susceptibility c. Stage of clinical illness d. Stage of recovery, disability, or death

a. Incubation period

A public health nurse is participating in an interdisciplinary team to identify the origin of an outbreak of Legionnaires' disease. Which of the following essential public health services is the nurse performing? a. Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population. b. Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health. c. Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health. d. Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement.

a. Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population.

A public health nurse is conducting research about the scope of practice for public health nurses. Which of the following is responsible for establishing the scope of practice for nurses? a. Lawmakers b. Code of Ethics c. The community d. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)

a. Lawmakers

A community health nurse is researching health policy administration. The nurse should identify that which of the following is administered at the state government level? a. Medicaid b. Food and drug regulation c. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs d. The Bureau of Indian Affairs

a. Medicaid

A nurse is reviewing health coverage programs with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a public sector health care program that provides coverage to clients over 65 years old? a. Medicare b. Affordable Care Act (ACA) c. Health saving accounts (HSA) d. United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

a. Medicare

A nurse is discussing an older adult client's care plan. The client mentions that both of their grandchildren currently live with them and, as a result, the client is frequently required to choose between paying bills and buying groceries for the household. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Offer appropriate resources related to food insecurity. b. Question the current living arrangements. c. Make a referral to an assisted living facility. d. Offer home health aide services.

a. Offer appropriate resources related to food insecurity.

An occupational health nurse is developing workplace wellness programs for which employees can use their health savings account as a form of payment. Which of the following programs should the nurse identify as an example of a secondary prevention intervention? a. Online nutrition education for employees who have new onset of hypertension b. Onsite exercise program for employees at risk for developing hypertension c. Online healthy cooking program for employees at risk for prevent chronic conditions d. Onsite rehabilitation for employees who have had cardiac surgery

a. Online nutrition education for employees who have new onset of hypertension

A community health nurse is reviewing disaster preparedness. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take when providing care during a disaster? (select all that apply.) a. Perform ongoing data collection as the disaster situation evolves b. Practice the principle of utilitarianism when responding to a disaster c. Intervene as needed to provide care to others, even if the action is outside the nurses scope of practice d. Report potential risks concerning safety and security to disaster response supervisors e. Consider the need for their own physical and psychological support

a. Perform ongoing data collection as the disaster situation evolves b. Practice the principle of utilitarianism when responding to a disaster d. Report potential risks concerning safety and security to disaster response supervisors e. Consider the need for their own physical and psychological support

A community health nurse is making recommendations for illness surveillance measures in public schools to a local school board. Which of the following core functions of epidemiology is the nurse engaged in? a. Policy development b. Linkages c. Surveillance d. Evaluation

a. Policy development

A public health nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse how to determine the prevalence rate of the top diseases in the county. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to describe prevalence rate? a. "The prevalence rate considers only those at risk for disease." b. "The prevalence rate considers new cases of disease." c. "The prevalence rate is a mortality measure." d. "A case control study is used to measure the prevalence rate."

b. "The prevalence rate considers new cases of disease."

A community health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to true negatives? a. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease." b. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease." c. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease." d. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

b. "True negatives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease."

A nurse is using an electronic database to research government funding of health care. What percentage of public health care in the United States should the nurse identify as being funded by the gross domestic product (GDP)? a. 25% b. 17% c. 53% d. 11%

b. 17%

A nurse is discussing cultural competence theories with another nurse. Which of the following models should the nurse identify as having a five-step process? a. Purnell's Model b. Campinha-Bucote's Model c. Giger and Davidhizar's Model d. Madeline Leininger's Sunrise Model

b. Campinha-Bucote's Model

An occupational health nurse is assessing the risk for workplace hazards and injuries at a manufacturing center. Which of the following preventative actions is the priority for the nurse to implement? a. Limiting indoor smoking b. Improving access to and adherence of the use of personal protective equipment c. Planning an education program for employees on safety awareness d. Updating outdated policies

b. Improving access to and adherence of the use of personal protective equipment

A nurse is discussing cultural competence with a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following can occur when there is a lack of cultural understanding? a. Adherence to interventions b. Ineffective communication c. Decreased health care costs d. Improved outcomes

b. Ineffective communication

A community health nurse is reviewing the acts and initiatives that have been adopted to improve disaster preparedness and response. The nurse should identify that which of the following describes the National Health Security Strategy (NHSS)? a. It is an initiative that keeps disaster preparedness efforts separated by state to reduce confusion b. It is a collective effort of governments and includes national, state, territorial and local agencies c. Its focus is on naturally occurring disasters, not human made disasters d. It addresses only the aftermath of national emergencies and disasters

b. It is a collective effort of governments and includes national, state, territorial and local agencies

A nurse is reviewing the history of government-funded health programs in the U.S. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the president who enacted law to create the Medicare program in 1965? a. John F. Kennedy b. Lyndon B. Johnson c. Richard M. Nixon d. Dwight D. Eisenhower

b. Lyndon B. Johnson

A public health nurse conducts an evaluation of health promotion program. Which of the following ethical principles does the nurse uphold by ensuring that the program does not result in any harm to participants? a. Beneficence b. Nonmaleficence c. Autonomy d. Justice

b. Nonmaleficence

A nurse at a public health department is presenting information about Healthy People 2030 to a group of community health workers. In which of the following categories will the nurse discuss specific, evidence-based interventions of Healthy People 2030? a. Mission b. Objectives c. Goals d. Vision

b. Objectives

A home care nurse is visiting a client and conducting an environmental assessment of their home. Which of the following should lead the nurse to be concerned about lead poisoning? a. Presence of radon debris b. Peeling or flaking paint in the residence c. Mosquito nets over the beds d. Black residue on the walls and standing water on the floor

b. Peeling or flaking paint in the residence

An occupational health nurse is evaluating the cost-effectiveness of interventions that were implemented to decrease sick days during flu season. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as a secondary prevention intervention? a. Provide onsite influenza vaccination clinics b. Provide testing for influenza at the employee health clinic c. Place handwashing posters throughout the workplace d. Offer discounted medications to manage influenza symptoms

b. Provide testing for influenza at the employee health clinic

A public health nurse is preparing a presentation about health care resources. Which of the following organizations should the nurse include as an example of a health care resource in the public sector? a. American Red Cross (ARC) b. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) c. Shriners Hospitals for Children d. Physician-owned outpatient surgery clinics

b. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

A team of public health nurses is discussing a new health care law. The nurses should identify that which of the following entities is responsible for passing laws related to health care? a. The judicial branch b. The legislative branch c. The executive branch d. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

b. The legislative branch

A team of public health nurses is delivering a presentation to community leaders about funding for health care programs. Which of the following organization's data should the team include during the presentation as having a direct effect on funding? a. Health care savings account b. U.S. Census Bureau c. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services d. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)

b. U.S. Census Bureau

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiological studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define biological plausibility to establish causation? a. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." b. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease." c. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense." d. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk of disease declines or is eliminated."

c. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense."

A community health nurse is reporting to community leaders about the effects of health policies that have been implemented. Which statement should the nurse make when describing the purpose of health policies? a. A health policy guarantees the protection of the health of community members. b. A health policy provides a theoretical framework for the protection of the health of vulnerable populations. c. A health policy involves intentional actions to influence health outcomes in the community. d. A health policy is categorized by the levels of prevention used by health care workers to achieve health outcomes.

c. A health policy involves intentional actions to influence health outcomes in the community.

A nurse is creating a poster with examples of health care disparities for a community health care conference. Which of the following statements should the nurse use as an example of a health care disparity? a. The implementation of a new treatment has reduced the diabetes mellitus rates among the Latino population of a community so that it is in line with other groups. b. Ovarian cancer rates across the various populations of a community are proportional according to the demographics of the area. c. African Americans have the highest rates of high blood pressure and hypertension compared to any other population worldwide. d. A new health care clinic has opened near a reservation to treat clients from the local indigenous community, which is traditionally an underserved community.

c. African Americans have the highest rates of high blood pressure and hypertension compared to any other population worldwide.

A community health nurse is preparing a presentation on the cause of death among a group of adults aged 18 to 24 years in a specific country. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to obtain this data? a. Case fatality b. Cause-specific mortality rate c. Age-specific mortality rate d. Crude mortality rate

c. Age-specific mortality rate

A public health nurse is compiling infant mortality statistics for a state epidemiology report. Which mortality measure should the nurse use? a. Case fatality b. Cause-specific mortality rate c. Age-specific mortality rate d. Proportionate mortality

c. Age-specific mortality rate

A nurse is working in a community health clinic that serves a culturally diverse population. The nurse should recognize that which of the following cultures is most likely to have a distrust of the health care system based on past abuses? a. Muslim b. Non-Hispanic White c. Black American d. Jewish

c. Black American

A nurse is part of a team at a public health department that is preparing for accreditation. Which resource should the nurse suggest that the team use for guidance about accreditation criteria? a. Cochrane b. PICOT c. CDC d. Healthy People 2030

c. CDC

A public health nurse is providing a report to county legislators regarding health outcomes of children attending poorly performing schools. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include in the report? a. Congenital heart valve defects b. Type 1 diabetes mellitus c. Delayed brain development d. Epilepsy

c. Delayed brain development

A school nurse is developing a program for nutritional needs for school-aged children. Which of the following will the nurse include as an evidence-based objective of Healthy People 2030? a. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all. b. Develop a society in which all people can achieve their full potential for health and well-being. c. Eliminate very low food security among children in U.S. households. d. Promote, strengthen, and evaluate the nation's efforts to improve health and well-being of all people.

c. Eliminate very low food security among children in U.S. households.

A nurse is reviewing private sector health insurance options. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an example of private sector health insurance? a. TRICARE b. Medicaid c. Employer-sponsored health plan d. Medicare

c. Employer-sponsored health plan

A nurse in a community health clinic is reviewing statistics of recent population growth in the United States. Which of the racial and ethnic populations should the nurse identify as having the largest recent growth rate? a. Black b. Non-Hispanic White c. Hispanic and Latino d. Asian

c. Hispanic and Latino

A nurse is speaking with a client who is preparing to go on vacation in Africa. The client wants to know the name of the disease that is passed from mosquitos to humans. Which of the following disease should the nurse identify? a. Ebola b. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) c. Malaria d. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

c. Malaria

A nurse is teaching about health insurance options with a young adult client who has recently become disabled. The nurse should identify that the client's disability might make them eligible for which of the following health insurance programs? a. Diagnosis-related group (DRG) b. United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) c. Medicare d. TRICARE

c. Medicare

A nurse manager in a community clinic is using Healthy People 2030 to plan care for clients. Using the Healthy People 2030 guidelines, which of the following interventions should the nurse use to reduce health disparities? a. Provide cultural competence education to clients that use the clinic. b. Consider the provider's personal values when planning care. c. Provide access to language services to clients. d. Promote the creation of physical environments that support good health.

c. Provide access to language services to clients.

A school nurse at a poorly performing high school is planning interventions to address a current outbreak of mononucleosis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement to improve the heath outcomes of the students? a. Set up a patient portal for virtual visits. b. Establish a lunch program for the school. c. Provide students with preventative tips. d. Provide access to Medigap policies.

c. Provide students with preventative tips.

A nurse is working in a community clinic and observes that numerous clients have come to the clinic reporting nausea, vomiting, and blisters on their skin. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect? a. Smallpox b. Tuberculosis c. Radiation exposure d. Sarin exposure

c. Radiation exposure

A nurse manager is preparing a presentation on components of cultural competence. Which of the following definitions should the manager provide for the concept of cultural diversity? a. Knowledge of one's own thoughts and feelings about diversity b. Knowledge that allows one to appreciate other cultures c. Recognition of differences in race, color, ethnicity, or nationality that exist among individuals d. Self-reflection and critique of power imbalances that allow health inequities

c. Recognition of differences in race, color, ethnicity, or nationality that exist among individuals

A nurse is speaking with a client who wants to know the name of the chemical compound used to kill mice. Which of the following terms should the nurse provide? a. Insecticide b. Herbicide c. Rodenticide d. Fungicide

c. Rodenticide

A public health nurse is collaborating with city officials to implement community sponsored programs to decrease health care costs for all. Which of the following types of health program services should the nurse recommend? (Select all that apply.) a. Diagnosis-related groups b. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) c. Secondary prevention interventions d. Tertiary prevention interventions e. Primary prevention interventions

c. Secondary prevention interventions d. Tertiary prevention interventions e. Primary prevention interventions

A nurse is sharing information with a group of newly licensed nurses about public sector health programs. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the source of funding for Medicare? a. Office of the President b. Contributions from Congress c. Taxpayer contributions d. Accounts established by corporations

c. Taxpayer contributions

A home health nurse is preparing to make a referral to a diabetes educator for a client who has had several hospital readmissions regarding their diabetes and has developed a diabetic foot ulcer. The nurse should identify that this is an example of which of the following types of prevention? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Quaternary prevention

c. Tertiary prevention

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of college students who are preparing for a cultural immersion trip to a country where malaria is endemic. The nurse recommends the students spray a mosquito insecticide in their sleeping quarters before bedtime each night. Which of the following parts of the epidemiologic triangle does the nurse's recommendation reflect? a. Host b. Environment c. Vector d. Agent

c. Vector

A nurse in a community health clinic is planning a staff presentation on modes of transmission for infectious diseases. The nurse should include that salmonella uses which of the following modes of transmission? a. Direct b. Vector-borne c. Vehicle-borne d. Airborne

c. Vehicle-borne

A school nurse is recommending a referral to a mentorship program for an adolescent who reports facing pressure and violence in school and is feeling depressed. Which of the following statements should the nurse include when discussing the reason for the mentorship program? a. "A mentorship program will teach self-defense tactics." b. "A mentorship program can help with the selection of another school to attend." c. "A mentorship program will assess for any special academic needs." d. "A mentorship program can help you cope with challenges at school."

d. "A mentorship program can help you cope with challenges at school."

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who inquired about utilizing private managed care insurance to cover medical expenses. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching? a. "The government provides basic coverage and the client is required to pay for supplemental insurance." b. "The government pays for coverage, including insurance policies that typically are considered supplemental." c. "Clients pay for health care coverage partially in the form of income tax and partially as a monthly fee to an insurance provider." d. "Clients pay a monthly fee to an insurance provider to cover medical expenses, including supplemental policies."

d. "Clients pay a monthly fee to an insurance provider to cover medical expenses, including supplemental policies."

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of socioeconomic issues. Which of the following client statements indicates that the client is experiencing very low food security? a. "Although I am home on disability leave and am not working at the moment, my mother-in-law makes dinner for our family every night." b. "I am able to pay most of my bills, but sometimes I do have to make payment plans with my creditors." c. "Although I do not have steady weekly income, I do budget my bills with the royalties I've earned from a book deal once every 3 months." d. "My job is inflexible without consideration for my personal needs. My budget is tight and I often skip meals to save money."

d. "My job is inflexible without consideration for my personal needs. My budget is tight and I often skip meals to save money."

A nurse case manager is teaching a client about Health Savings Accounts (HSA). Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "The HSA must be set up through my bank." b. "The HSA is funded by the government." c."The HSA will be funded after taxes are withdrawn from my paycheck." d. "The HSA can be used for out-of-pocket medical expenses."

d. "The HSA can be used for out-of-pocket medical expenses."

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a client who is being enrolled in a case-control study. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "The study will last for 10 years. You will contact me annually for an interview and blood work." b. "I will not know if I am going to be in the intervention or control group." c. "The survey will take an hour to complete and then I'll be done." d. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

d. "You'll need to find other participants like me but who do not have this disease."

A nurse is making recommendations to the school board regarding necessary improvements at a high school located in a low-income area in order to improve health outcomes. The nurse notes there is a lack of school lunch programs and audio-visual equipment, a gymnasium that cannot be used because it requires repairs, and there are a number of students who are experiencing mental and emotional health issues, such as eating disorders, anxiety, and depression. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend as the priority for the school board to address? a. Provide more audio-visual equipment for students. b. Write a letter to local school board members to address the need for a new snack bar. c.Implement repairs to the gymnasium. d. Add a counselor to the school faculty.

d. Add a counselor to the school faculty.

A public health nurse is calculating the attack rate following a food-borne illness outbreak after a community picnic. Which of the following groups of people should the nurse include in the denominator of the attack rate calculation? a. All people who attended the event b. All people who ate the specific food item and did not become ill c. All people who ate the specific food item and became ill d. All people who ate the specific food item

d. All people who ate the specific food item

A population health nurse is researching evidence-based strategies for decreasing pollution caused by industrial waste. Which of the following does the nurse identify as a reason to use a Cochrane review as a resource to obtain information? a. Cochrane is administered by the CDC. b. Cochrane addresses the nation's security level. c. Cochrane uses 17 specific intervention topics to guide practice. d. Cochrane contains systematic reviews of synthesized evidence.

d. Cochrane contains systematic reviews of synthesized evidence.

A nurse is assessing the needs of a school-age child. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as placing the child at risk for social support issues? a. Neighborhood social cohesion b. Household with two guardians present c. Low-crime neighborhood d. Incarcerated family members

d. Incarcerated family members

A public health nurse provides expert testimony to a city development board about the negative health consequences of living near a landfill. Which of the following ethical principles does the nurse uphold by advocating for a new landfill to be constructed in a different area of the city? a. Autonomy b. Nonmaleficence c. Beneficence d. Justice

d. Justice

A community health nurse is planning a public service campaign to decrease the transmission of influenza. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as a primary prevention? a. Going to the hospital for dehydration after getting influenza b. Staying home when sick c. Getting tested for influenza when you have symptoms d. Obtaining an immunization

d. Obtaining an immunization

A nurse is preparing a workshop on preventing common communicable and infectious diseases in the community. Which of the following prevention methods should the nurse include to target diseases that are transmitted indirectly? a. Contact tracing b. Isolation c. Vaccination d. Pest control

d. Pest control

A nurse is teaching a client about Medicare Part D. The nurse should include that this program covers which of the following? a. Inpatient hospital stays b. Visits to primary care providers c. Home health visits d. Prescription medications

d. Prescription medications

A public health nurse is delivering a presentation about health care resources. Which of the following organizations should the nurse include as an example of a health care resource in the private sector? a. Department of Veterans Affairs b. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) c. National Institutes of Health (NIH) d. St. Jude Children's Network

d. St. Jude Children's Network

A home health nurse is assessing a client who was recently hospitalized for pneumonia and no longer reports shortness of breath on ambulation. The nurse should identify that the client is in which of the following stages of the natural history of disease model? a. Incubation period b. Stage of susceptibility c. Stage of clinical illness d. Stage of recovery, disability, or death

d. Stage of recovery, disability, or death

A nurse manager of a home health agency overhears an employee referring to some the facility's clients by saying, "You know how all those people are, so noncompliant in their health care." The manager should identify the employee is exhibiting which of the following concepts of cultural competence? a. Implicit bias b. Color discrimination c. Cultural humility d. Stereotyping

d. Stereotyping

A community health nurse is involved in community-engaged research about physical activity levels of families who attend local schools. Using the nursing process, which of the following activities of the nurse represents the evaluation phase of the research? a. The nurse and community residents define the borders of the community. b. The nurse and community residents identify outdoor recreational areas that are available to families. c. The nurse and community residents hold fundraising events for new recreational equipment in parks. d. The nurse and community residents present the findings at a school board meeting.

d. The nurse and community residents present the findings at a school board meeting.

A public health nurse is reviewing characteristics common to health care organizations in both the public and private sector. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a similarity between public and private health care organizations? a. Their budgets are determined by federal law. b. Their funding is primarily generated by income from providing goods and services. c. They have no legal constraints on funding. d. They are subject to governmental oversight.

d. They are subject to governmental oversight.

A nurse is discussing terms used to describe environmental influences with a client. The nurse should include that which of the following terms describes an environmental influence that occurs prior to an agent reaching a host? a. Secondary b. Tertiary c. Downstream d. Upstream

d. Upstream

A nurse in a community clinic is assessing a client who is from a different culture than the nurse and reports having painful urination and a fever for 7 days. Which of the following comments should the nurse make when caring for the client? (Select all that apply.) - "Why did you wait so long to come to the clinic?" - "How can I help you today?" - "In the future, you need to come in sooner when you get sick." - "What seems to make your symptoms better?" - "What have you done about your problem?"

- "How can I help you today?" - "What seems to make your symptoms better?" - "What have you done about your problem?"

A nurse is discussing strategies for achieving optimal health in their community with a group of nurses. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.) - Collaborate with community leaders. - Review national statistics for breast cancer. - Measure levels of radon in community buildings. - Promote immunization in the community. - Present information on hospice care at a community health fair.

- Collaborate with community leaders. - Measure levels of radon in community buildings. - Promote immunization in the community.

A nurse manager is discussing primary preventive measures to reduce infection rates with another nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as an example of a primary preventative measure? (Select all that apply.) - Ensure that hand sanitizer is located throughout the facility. - Promote social distancing during activities. - Educate about the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). - Isolate individuals who have illness. - Test individuals who have been exposed to the infection.

- Ensure that hand sanitizer is located throughout the facility. - Promote social distancing during activities. - Educate about the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

A nurse is reviewing public health problems in their community. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as communicable public health problems? (Select all that apply.) - Foodborne diseases - Injury due to firearms - Hypertension - Zoonotic diseases - Cancer

- Foodborne diseases - Zoonotic diseases

A nurse is reviewing the impact of U.S. Census Bureau data on health care funding. The nurse should identify that which of the following are affected by census data? (Select all that apply.) - Health savings accounts - Medicaid - Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) - Medicare - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

- Medicaid - Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) - Medicare

A team of public health nurses want to implement a practice change related to use of surgical masks by nurses during community immunization clinics from September to January. When searching for scientific evidence about the use of effects of surgical masks on the incidence of influenza among nurses, in what order will the nurses format their PICOT question? - September to January - Incidence of Influenza - No use of masks - Use of surgical masks - Nurses who administer immunizations during community events

- Nurses who administer immunizations during community events - Use of surgical masks - No use of masks - Incidence of Influenza - September to January

A community health nurse is giving a presentation to a group of students about collecting data on a community's environments. Which of the following environments should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) - Physical - Social - Global - State - Occupational

- Physical - Social - Occupational

The nurse educator for the county public health department is planning a course about building community partnerships for local community health nurses. Which of the following does the nurse educator recognize as a benefit of including information about evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply.) - Strengthened standards of care - Increased job satisfaction of the nurse - Increased efficiency with which nurses locate objective evidence - Increased use of ritualistic care - Increased health care quality

- Strengthened standards of care - Increased job satisfaction of the nurse - Increased efficiency with which nurses locate objective evidence - Increased health care quality

A team of community health nurses has been formed to address the low immunization rate of the adult population in a rural community. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, in what order will the following steps be included in the nurses' process as they implement a program to increase immunization rates in this population? - Find a process to improve - Select changes aimed at performance improvement - Do it; execute the plan - Clarify current knowledge - Study new data and check results

1. Find a process to improve 2. Clarify current knowledge 3. Select changes aimed at performance improvement 4. Do it; execute the plan 5. Study new data and check results

A community health nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about emotional phases experienced during a disaster. Place the emotional phases of a disaster in the correct order. (Move the phases into the box on the right, placing them in the order they are experienced. Use all the phases) 1. Heroic phase 2. Honeymoon phase 3. Disillusionment phase 4. Reconstruction phase

1. Heroic phase 2. Honeymoon phase 3. Disillusionment phase 4. Reconstruction phase

A public health nurse is reviewing the Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) developed for the Healthy People 2030 national health goals with a group of nurses. Which of the following LHIs should the nurse identify as pertaining to all age groups? (Select all that apply) 1. Homicides 2. Obesity 3. Colorectal Cancer Screening 4. Drug Overdoses 5. Influenza Immunizations

1. Homicides 4. Drug Overdoses 5. Influenza Immunizations

Which of the following interventions might the occupational health nurse employ to promote health and safety in the workplace? (Select all that apply.) 1. Offer immunizations such as flu vaccines 2. Do a walkthrough inspection to check for safety in work areas 3. Remind employees to use personal protective equipment when handling harmful chemicals 4. Arrange for the vendor to educate the employees on how to use new heavy-lifting equipment 5. Use I PREPARE to assess for environmental health exposure

1. Offer immunizations such as flu vaccines 2. Do a walkthrough inspection to check for safety in work areas 3. Remind employees to use personal protective equipment when handling harmful chemicals 4. Arrange for the vendor to educate the employees on how to use new heavy-lifting equipment

Which of the following actions should a community health nurse take to promote economic stability in the community? 1. Partner with local churches and write grants for childcare funding towards affordable daycares in the area 2. Advocate for more transportation to health care facilities 3. Work with a nonprofit organization for the local farmers' market to sell fresh produce twice a week. 4. Teach residents about the dangers of lead-based paint

1. Partner with local churches and write grants for childcare funding towards affordable daycares in the area.

A nursing program director is discussing the integration of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies into the curriculum with faculty. Which of the following competencies should the director include in the discussion as the competency that most student are the least prepared to address? 1. Quality Improvement 2. Patient-Centered Care 3. Informatics 4. Teamwork and Collaboration

1. Quality Improvement The director should include in the discussion that quality improvement is the QSEN competency that most students report as being the least prepared to address.

A faith community nurse is conducting blood pressure screening at a place of worship. Which of the following levels of prevention does this fall under? 1. Secondary 2. Primordial 3. Primary 4.Tertiary

1. Secondary Focused on at-risk population.

A nurse is discussing the timing of public health acts with a group of nursing students. The nurse should inform the students that, if placed in chronological order from oldest to newest, the following acts would be listed in what order? The Sheppard-Towner Act The Civil Rights Act The Medicare and Medicaid Act The Social Security Act The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

1. The Sheppard-Towner Act (1921) 2. The Social Security Act (1935) 3. The Civil Rights Act (1964) 4. The Medicare and Medicaid Act (1965) 5. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996)

A home health nurse instructs the caregiver to administer pain medication to a nonverbal client in their home. Which of the following evaluation findings would indicate that the goal of pain relief had been met? 1. The client's face relaxes and stops grimacing 2. The client becomes more restless 3. The client's family says that enough medicine has been given 4. The client is still guarded near the area of pain

1. The client's face relaxes and stops grimacing

A newly hired public health nurse is learning about the various duties of their role. Which of the following activities would the new nurse be involved with? 1. Providing wound care for a burn victim in the hospital 2. Educating the public about hand hygiene during an outbreak 3. Administering insulin to a patient in their home 4. Conducting an addiction therapy group at an outpatient center

2. Educating the public about hand hygiene during an outbreak. Focus is on group health promotion and disease prevention

A public health nurse is discussing climate change with a group of nurses who are interested in learning about global health concerns. Which of the following should the nurse include in the discussion as an issue associated with climate change? 1. Decrease in the mosquito population 2. Exacerbations in respiratory conditions 3. Reduced risk of exposure for clients who live in poverty 4. Improved access to clean water

2. Exacerbations in respiratory conditions Extreme weather and temperatures create significant health risks to all by exacerbating heart and respiratory conditions.

Which of the following health promotion initiatives were launched to implement interventions for better overall health in the U.S.? 1. Paris Agreement 2. Healthy People 2030 3. Sustainable Development Goals 4. Tennessee Valley Authority

2. Healthy People 2030

Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals would be achieved if nations implemented a recycling programs in their major cities? 1. Reduction of inequalities 2. Responsible consumption and production 3. Affordable and clean energy 4. Clean water and sanitation

2. Responsible consumption and production

A public health nurse is discussing strategies to increase the number of nurses who are interested in working in public health with another nurse. Which of the following strategies should the nurse include in the discussion as an approach to increase the supply of public health nurses? 1. Adding telehealth-related content to the nursing curricula. 2. Restructuring pay and rewards for nurses who practice outside of acute care settings 3. Increasing nursing representation on community planning boards 4. Providing incentives for nurses nearing retirement age to continue working.

2. Restructuring pay and rewards for nurses who practice outside of acute care settings

A public health nurse is investigating a food-borne illness outbreak following a community picnic attended by 107 people. Of the 98 people who ate watermelon, 24 became ill. What attack rate should the nurse calculate for the watermelon? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number.)

25 % (24/98= 0.245 = 25%)

A nurse is providing education to a client who recently became eligible to receive Medicare benefits. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? 1. "Medicare Part A will cover all of my prescription medications." 2. "I can add dependents to my Medicare plan if needed." 3. "Medicare will pay for me to be in a long-term facility if needed." 4. "I will have to pay for Medicare coverage if I choose to enroll."

3. "I will have to pay for Medicare coverage if I choose to enroll." Medicare is federally funded however, it is not free and clients who choose to enroll pay a monthly premium.

A nurse is discussing government organizations with a newly licensed nurse who is interested in working with clients who have been impacted by natural disasters. Which of the following organizations should the nurse include in the discussion as the organization that provides domestic and international disaster relief? 1. U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS) Commissioned Corps 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 3. American Red Cross 4. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

3. American Red Cross The American Red Cross is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing domestic and international disaster relief. Therefore, the nurse should include the American Red Cross in the discussion.

A newly licensed nurse is interested in finding information about health care benefits for clients who are disabled or have end-stage renal disease. The newly licensed nurse asks their preceptor where they can find this information. Which of the following organization websites should the preceptor encourage the newly licensed nurse to use to find the desired information? 1. National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 3. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 4. United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps

3. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) CMS is the organization that oversees Medicare, a federal government-funded health care plan that provides health care benefits to clients age 65 years and older, younger clients who have disabilities, and clients with end-stage renal disease.

Which of the following terms describes a nurse who delivers care to the residents of a community in a local area focusing on disease and injury prevention? 1. Public Health Nurse 2. Population Health Nurse 3. Community Health Nurse 4. Home Health Nurse

3. Community Health Nurse Community health nurse focuses on the community as a whole

A nurse is working in a campus health center and is developing a smoking cessation program for the student body. Which of the following federal agencies should the nurse include in the program as the agency that regulates tobacco products? 1. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) 2. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) 3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 4. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

3. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The nurse should include in the program that the FDA is the federal agency that regulates tobacco products

A community health nurse is partnering with the local library in a small town to hold workshops on filling out paperwork for student funding for trade schools and colleges. The nurse should recognize that this action is supported by which of the following statements about the lack of affordability in higher education? 1. It decreases the residents' access to healthcare 2. It decreases the residents' health literacy 3. It decreases the local residents' chances of gaining skills and knowledge for various job opportunities 4. It decreases the number of job opportunities in the local area

3. It decreases the local residents' chances of gaining skills and knowledge for various job opportunities

A public health nurse is going to deliver a message to the residents in town about a primary preventive measure to stop the spread of communicable disease during an outbreak. Which of the following could be included in the message? 1. Getting lab work done to screen for the disease 2. Completing the antibiotic regimen as prescribed 3. Speaking about hand hygiene and what kinds of products to use 4. Calling the physician if signs and symptoms return

3. Speaking about hand hygiene and what kinds of products to use

In order to support and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve the overall health of the local area, which of the following interventions might a public health nurse employ? 1. Hiring diverse and highly trained staff for the state health department 2. Posting information about domestic violence on the health department websites 3. Working with a local hospital to become an immunization station during an epidemic 4. Sending a nurse epidemiologist to investigate a suspected outbreak

3. Working with a local hospital to become an immunization station during an epidemic

A public health nurse is providing care for a client who has a recent diagnosis of active tuberculosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to assist this client with managing their own health care? 1. Review the client's laboratory results before having the client take medication 2. Review precautions to decrease risk of infecting members of the client's household 3. Reinforce the information concerning the medications' adverse effects 4. Make a referral for the client to the Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) program in the community.

4. Make a referral for the client to the Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) program in the community

A nurse is reviewing data from a group of clients. Which of the following clients is more likely to experience structural inequity? a. A Hispanic client with low income b. A client who has three children c. A female client with moderate income d. A client who is 18 years old

a. A Hispanic client with low income

A public health nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is being screened for HIV. The results yield low specificity. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the laboratory results? a. "I understand that the screening test may result in a false positive because it has low specificity." b. "I understand that the screening test may result in a false negative because it has low specificity." c. "If I screen negative, it means there is no way I can transmit HIV." d. "Low specificity means I'll need to begin treatment right away."

a. "I understand that the screening test may result in a false positive because it has low specificity."

A nurse is discussing transcultural nursing with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when discussing the Religious and Philosophical dimension of Leininger's Sunrise Model? a. "This dimension includes spiritual practices and beliefs." b. "This dimension includes language and facial expressions." c. "This dimension includes social participation in the community." d. "This dimension includes literacy level and access to education."

a. "This dimension includes spiritual practices and beliefs."

A nurse is researching an electronic database for the cost of taxpayer funded Medicare expenses. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the amount of taxpayer funded Medicare expenses in 2019? a. 799.4 billion dollars b. 1.9 trillion dollars c. 229 million dollars d. 500 billion dollars

a. 799.4 billion dollars

A nurse at a state public health department is preparing for an upcoming accreditation. Which of the following should they identify as a benefit of accreditation for their public health department? a. Accreditation allows public health nurses to base decisions, care, and processes on national standards. b. Accreditation allows public health nurses to use FOCUS-PDSA to improve processes. c. It provides public health nurses with knowledge, attitudes, and skills for quality improvement. d. It provides public health nurses with professional nursing certifications.

a. Accreditation allows public health nurses to base decisions, care, and processes on national standards.

A case management nurse is using the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence as an assessment tool to evaluate variations of cultural practices. Which of the following cultural domains should the nurse include from this model? a. Family roles and organization b. Birth rituals c. Low-risk behaviors d. Socioeconomic status

a. Family roles and organization

A community health nurse is providing teaching to a group of adults preparing for a mission trip to a country where mosquito-borne illness is endemic. The nurse instructs the group members to wear long pants and long sleeve shirts. Which of the following parts of the epidemiologic triangle does this recommendation reflect? a. Host b. Environment c. Vector d. Agent

a. Host

A public health nurse discovers that a low-income community is lacking access to primary care and health insurance. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to address this concern? a. Host an educational session in the community for health care registration and screenings. b. Encourage all community members to register for health care plans at the county government center. c. Provide health care applications for community members to sign up for health care. d. Provide referrals for hotel vouchers to provide shelter.

a. Host an educational session in the community for health care registration and screenings.

A nurse is discussing the AACN's five Core Competencies of Cultural Competence with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following should the nurse identify as one of these competencies? a. Promote achievement of safe and quality outcomes. b. Participate in a variety of diverse activities. c. Acquire knowledge and skills about different cultures. d. Collect relevant cultural data.

a. Promote achievement of safe and quality outcomes.

A nurse is discussing disaster preparedness and response with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include when discussing schools and places of worship? (Select all that apply) a. Public schools provide disaster preparedness education to students b. Places of worship receive state funding to provide disaster preparedness community education c. Places of worship can be used as sites for shelter during a disaster d. Private schools do not provide disaster drills for students because they are not federally funded e. Places of worship often provide food and supplies following a disaster

a. Public schools provide disaster preparedness education to students c. Places of worship can be used as sites for shelter during a disaster e. Places of worship often provide food and supplies following a disaster

A community health nurse is at the site of a mass casualty incident and is triaging victims. The nurse is evaluating an adult victim who is unconscious and not breathing spontaneously. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Reposition the victim's airway b. Tag the victim with the color black c. Check the victim's radial pulse d. Place the victim in a side-lying position

a. Reposition the victim's airway

A community health nurse is triaging victims of a mass casualty incident. Which of the following victims should the nurse tag with the color red? (select all that apply) a. A victim who has multiple facial lacerations and is able to walk b. A child victim who is unconscious and breathing spontaneously c. A victim who has a broken wrist and states that they are ok d. A victim who is conscious, has a sucking chest wound, and is breathing spontaneously e. A victim who has an open head injury and agonal breathing

b. A child victim who is unconscious and breathing spontaneously d. A victim who is conscious, has a sucking chest wound, and is breathing spontaneously

A community health nurse is discussing the pathophysiology of disease with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following conditions, according to a Yale University study published by the Center for Effective Government, should the nurse report are caused by environmental pollutants? a. Asthma and arthritis b. Cardiovascular disease and lung disease c. Dementia and chronic fatigue syndrome d. Pulmonary fibrosis and diabetes mellitus

b. Cardiovascular disease and lung disease

A team of home health nurses is searching for data about pressure injury protocols for use in the home setting. Which of the following resources should they use to find pressure injury protocols? a. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation b. Cochrane c. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) d. Healthy People 2030

b. Cochrane

A charge nurse changes nursing assignments to accommodate the request for a female nurse from a Muslim client who is female. Which of the following qualities does this action by the charge nurse demonstrate? a. Cultural humility b. Cultural awareness c. Cultural diversity d. Cultural safety

b. Cultural awareness

A nurse manager at a public health clinic is working to expand the diversity of the clinic's nursing staff. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a barrier to creating a diverse workforce? a. Distrust of the health care system b. Nurses of color making up less than 28% of the national workforce c. Male nurses making up approximately 40% of the national workforce d. Decrease in diverse populations

b. Nurses of color making up less than 28% of the national workforce

A nurse in a community clinic is interviewing a client about their asthma diagnosis. Which of the following questions by the nurse represents point prevalence? a. "Have you ever had asthma?" b. "Have you had asthma within the last three years?" c. "Do you have asthma now?" d. "When were you diagnosed with asthma?"

c. "Do you have asthma now?"

A nurse is discussing client education with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements regarding the Teach Back Method of client education should the nurse include in the discussion? a. "Teach Back identifies which expenses were not covered by the client's insurance." b. "Teach Back helps to determine which medications should be prescribed to continue the client's care." c. "This method makes sure the client understands all of the instructions given." d. "This method assesses the care the client has received and identifies possible areas for improvement."

c. "This method makes sure the client understands all of the instructions given."

A nurse is counseling a client who is trying to get out of a gang situation. Which of the following referrals should the nurse make to client? a. Occupational Safety Hazard Administration (OSHA) b. The Healthy Teen Network c. Boys & Girls Club of America d. Nurse-Family Partnership

c. Boys & Girls Club of America

A nurse executive is incorporating the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) to achieve better outcomes for clients of the facility. The nurse executive should identify that which of the following is a function of CLAS? a. Teaching leadership skills to promote culturally diverse nursing care b. Providing memberships to nursing associations that promote cultural competence c. Increasing awareness of diverse cultural identities d. Offering linguistic services to improve outcomes

c. Increasing awareness of diverse cultural identities

A community health nurse identifies clients who have potentially been exposed to a communicable disease during a disaster. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Have a discussion with the clients about their exposure to the communicable disease b. Schedule the clients for laboratory and diagnostic testing c. Isolate the clients away from others who have not been exposed d. Refer the clients to an infectious disease specialist

c. Isolate the clients away from others who have not been exposed

A nurse is assessing a new parents and their newborn in a community health clinic. The parent reports that they have resumed smoking tobacco and eating fast food more frequently. Which of the following topics would be most important for the nurse to discuss with the patient? a. Healthy eating and weight management b. Postpartum depression and self-care c. Smoking cessation and the effects of secondhand smoke d. On-demand feeding and schedules

c. Smoking cessation and the effects of secondhand smoke

A public health nurse is reviewing the medical records of a group of clients. For which of the following clients should the nurse identify that the client is at high risk for adverse health outcomes? a. A family with a toddler who own a single-family home in which one of the partners works in construction for 10 months out of the year b. A single working mother who manages hypertension with diet and exercise and utilizes her aunt for childcare for her three children c. A client who lives in a rural area who walks 4 miles every day to and from work d. An older adult widow who has diabetes mellitus and has been unemployed for the past 6 months

d. An older adult widow who has diabetes mellitus and has been unemployed for the past 6 months

A community health nurse is assisting with disaster preparedness and is following the eight domains of Core Competencies in Disaster Nursing by the International Council of Nurses. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as part of the domain of intervention? a. Obtaining a translator when caring for clients who speak a different language than the nurse b. Participating in drills with other community members c. Updating a community's disaster plans and policies d. Collaborating with disaster response team members to provide surge capacity care

d. Collaborating with disaster response team members to provide surge capacity care

A nurse is discussing immunizations with a group of new parents. The nurse encourages the parents to get their annual influenza immunization because infants cannot receive the vaccine until they are older than 6 months of age. Which of the following types of immunity is the nurse promoting? a. Innate immunity b. Acquired immunity c. Passive immunity d. Community immunity

d. Community immunity

A nurse is documenting a cultural assessment of a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include? a. Allergies b. Home medications c. Family history d. Primary language

d. Primary language

A public health nurse is listing all causes of death in the county to determine the percentage each cause contributes to the overall death rate. Which of the following mortality measures should the nurse use to calculate this data? a. Case fatality b. Cause-specific mortality rate c. Age-specific mortality rate d. Proportionate mortality

d. Proportionate mortality

A community health nurse is teaching a group of new nurses about their role in the recovery phase of the disaster management cycle. Which of the following activities should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Identify vulnerabilities in the community b. Educate community members on stockpiling food, water, and medication c. Mobilize first responders to a disaster site d. Refer community members to mental health services

d. Refer community members to mental health services

A county health nurse is reviewing the morbidity and mortality reports for areas within the county. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings in the report is an example of a client health outcome that can result from living in a cycle of poverty? a. Sickle cell anemia b. Schizophrenia c. Cystic fibrosis d. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

d. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

A community health nurse is creating a handout for clients on methods to naturally enhance their immunity against infectious diseases. The nurse should identify that this information will target which of the following links in the chain of infection? a. Portal of exit b. Portal of entry c. Reservoir d. Susceptible host

d. Susceptible host

A public health nurse is reviewing newly approved vaccines for prevention of a communicable disease. The nurse should identify that which of the following entities is responsible for the approval of manufactured pharmaceuticals? a. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) b. The American Medical Association (AMA) c. Pharmaceutical companies d. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

d. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to community nurses about the scope of nursing practice in the community. Which of the following statements by a nurse indicates understanding of the "what" part of the American Nursing Associations's (ANA) description of the scope of practice? "I will focus on being committed as I provide care to protect the health and well-being of my clients." "I understand that scope of practice refers to staff such as LPNs, RNs, and APNs." "It is important that I remember that nursing care is to be provided wherever it is needed." "My goal is to collaborate with my colleagues effectively to create positive client outcomes."

"I will focus on being committed as I provide care to protect the health and well-being of my clients." This statement shows the nurse has effectively understood the teaching. The "what" part is indicated by the care and commitment the nurse shows to protect and promote the health and well-being of their clients.

A county public health nurse is planning to implement evidence-based practice interventions for a communicable airborne disease. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates understanding of the appropriate uses of the Intervention Wheel developed by the Minnesota Department of Health? (Select all that apply.) - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing guidelines for screening and testing." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing an outreach program to educate the public about where to obtain masks." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing a process for our nurses to obtain professional certifications in public/community health nursing." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collecting data about quality of life, health behaviors, social and economic factors in this county." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collaborating with other health professionals in the county."

- "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing guidelines for screening and testing." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing an outreach program to educate the public about where to obtain masks." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collaborating with other health professionals in the county."

A nurse is reviewing the harmful effects the environment can have on human health. Which of the following health conditions should the nurse attribute to environmental factors? (Select all that apply.) - Malaria - Asthma - Lead poisoning - Cystic fibrosis - Chlamydia

- Malaria - Asthma - Lead poisoning

A community health nurse is involved in community-engaged research about employer-provided health benefits in a small, rural community. Which of the following are potential ethical concerns related to recruitment of participants or confidentiality of information? (Select all that apply.) - The leader of the data collection team recruits their family members for the research. - The mayor offers use of a conference room in city hall for informational sessions. - A member of the data collection team volunteers to collect data from their family-owned restaurant employees. - A local primary care provider offers to supply information about residents during the data collection process. - The owner of a factory offers bonuses to employees who participate in the research.

- The leader of the data collection team recruits their family members for the research. - A member of the data collection team volunteers to collect data from their family-owned restaurant employees. - A local primary care provider offers to supply information about residents during the data collection process. - The owner of a factory offers bonuses to employees who participate in the research.

A nurse is interacting with a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The client has attended multiple workshops about managing their condition but still has an A1C of 9 and admits to not using the meal plans to help with nutritional needs. Which of the following could the nurse at the community-based clinic do first to assist the client in adhering to the medical regimen. 1. Ask the client to discuss what barriers they perceive that prevent compliance 2. Refer the client to the diabetic educator for more instructions 3. Ask the case manager for community resources for programs like Meals on Wheels 4. Assess the client's neighborhood to see if there is access to fresh fruits and vegetables

1. Ask the client to discuss what barriers they perceive that prevent compliance

A nurse educator is presenting information to a group of community health nurses about using evidence-based practice sources when planning care for a community. In what order will the nurse discuss types of evidence, from most robust to least robust? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of strength of evidence. Use all the steps.) - Controlled trials without randomization - Systematic reviews of all randomized, controlled trials - Case control and cohort studies - Expert opinion and expert committee reports

1. Systematic reviews of all randomized, controlled trials 2. Controlled trials without randomization 3. Case control and cohort studies 4. Expert opinion and expert committee reports

A nurse in a community health clinic is discussing the impact of current health care costs and quality with the staff. Which of the following trends should the nurse identify as the trend that will likely lower health care costs? 1. Aging of the population 2. Increased use of telehealth 3. Medicalization 4. Decreases in the workforce

2. Increased use of telehealth

A school nurse assesses a few students for injuries after they have been fighting. The nurse finds bruises in various stages of healing on one of the students. Which of the following interventions on the secondary level of prevention should the nurse implement? 1. Notify the parents that the student has been in a fight 2. Apply bandages to the cuts found on assessment 3. Report the findings to Child Protective Services (CPS) 4. Ask social services to arrange for extensive counseling for the student

3. Report the findings to Child Protective Services (CPS)

A nurse is discussing the impact that current community and public health trends have on health care delivery with a group of nursing students. Which of the following trends should the nurse identify as likely to decrease health care expenditures? 1. The medicalization of treatment for lifestyle-related conditions. 2. The decreasing of the nursing work force 3. The implementation of population health strategies 4. The increasing age of the American population

3. The implementation of population health strategies.

A client who is in the maintenance phase of the Transtheoretical Model's stages of Change admits to not following their diet plan after binging on salty and sugary snacks the past weekend. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client next? 1. "How does that make you feel?" 2. "Why did you do that?" 3. "Did you call someone from your support group before eating the snacks?" 4. "Have you had any stressful events in your life lately?"

4. "Have you had any stressful events in your life lately?"

A nurse is planning to provide a presentation to a group of community members on how early discoveries in science have influenced the practice of community health. Which of the following individuals should the nurse include in the presentation as being credited with discovering penicillin? 1. Dr John Snow 2. Dr. Edward Jenner 3. Lemuel Shattuck 4. Alexander Fleming

4. Alexander Fleming He discovered Penicillin in 1928 1. Dr John Snow one of the founders of epidemiology because of his work with Cholera epidemic in London 2. Dr Edward Jenner credited with the discovery of the smallpox vaccine 3. Lemuel Shattuck discovered the connection between illness and sanitation.

A nurse is working with a community planning board to address the challenge of systemic racism in their community. Which of the following criteria should the nurse identify as essential to the success of a community plan addressing systemic racism? 1. Focusing on the outcomes of racial inequities 2. Placing those with poser and resources in charge of the plan 3. Creating a day of remembrance to raise awareness of racial inequities 4. Budgeting financial resources fairly based on need

4. Budgeting financial resources fairly based on need. Essential to the success of a plan to address systemic racism is budgeting financial resources fairly based on need. Therefore, the nurse should include this as criteria essential for addressing racial inequities.

A nurse is teaching a client who has asthma on the use of an inhaler. Which of the following resources should the nurse include in the teaching? Give a demonstration of how to use the inhaler followed by the teach-back approach. Provide only a video teaching about asthma. Offer the phone number of the manufacturer of the inhaler. Provide the client with a brochure to learn more about asthma.

Give a demonstration of how to use the inhaler followed by the teach-back approach. The nurse should use informative communication, including effective verbal and nonverbal skills, when teaching a client who has asthma on the proper use of an inhaler. Teaching the information and then asking the client to demonstrate the use of an inhaler will ensure understanding of the instructions.

A nurse is discussing the domains within the Core Competencies in Disaster Nursing by the Council of Nurses with a group of nurses. In which of the following domains should the nurse include the action of reporting an event that might indicate an emergency? a. Assessment b. Intervention c. Recovery d. Communication

a. Assessment

A community health nurse is working with a client who decides to forego United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended screenings. Which of the following ethical principles does the nurse uphold by supporting the client's decision? a. Autonomy b. Beneficence c. Nonmaleficence d. Justice

a. Autonomy

A public health nurse is researching information from governmental organizations to guide evidence-based practice. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a governmental organization? a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) b. American Red Cross c. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry d. United Health Group

a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A community health nurse is caring for a 19-year-old unemployed client who is pregnant and has an uncomplicated pregnancy. The client missed a prenatal appointment for the third time in a row related to the inability to obtain transportation to the visits. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize for this client? a. Implementing an alternate prenatal schedule for clients who have low-risk pregnancies b. Setting up telemedicine visits c. Referring the client to a career counseling group d. Educating the client on the importance of prenatal care

a. Implementing an alternate prenatal schedule for clients who have low-risk pregnancies

A nurse is reviewing the insurance coverage of an older adult client who lives in a nursing home that is paid for by a private insurance company, as well as a government-provided program. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as describing the client's coverage? a. The client has Medicare with supplemental insurance provided by Medigap. b. The client has insurance that is solely under the Medicare program. c. The client has managed care insurance provided by both Medicare and Medicaid. d. The client has insurance from a private provider with a supplemental policy that the client pays for themselves.

a. The client has Medicare with supplemental insurance provided by Medigap.

A public health nurse is working with a group of clients who are concerned about malaria in their town. They ask the nurse about effective ways to help prevent the spread of malaria. Which of the following strategies should the nurse suggest? a. Use insecticide-treated mosquito nets. b. Stay indoors and seal windows, doors, and screens. c. Build bat houses to attract bats that will eat the mosquitos. d. Have open bonfires nightly to deter mosquitos.

a. Use insecticide-treated mosquito nets.

A nurse in a community health clinic is planning a staff presentation about modes of transmission for infectious diseases. Which of the following modes of transmission should the nurse identify for malaria? a. Vector-borne b. Direct c. Vehicle-borne d. Airborne

a. Vector-borne

A team of community health nurses is in the planning phase for community-engaged research. Which of the following describes a role the nurses should take during the planning phase using the nursing process? a. Writing grants for funding of community-engaged research b. Deciding on the research topic for the community c. Identifying gaps in the health of the community d. Disseminating results of the research

a. Writing grants for funding of community-engaged research

A community health nurse is leading a group of nurse volunteers to help with a mass casualty disaster. Which of the following actions is the priority for the volunteers to take? a. Evacuate the area from one end to the other. b. Keep individuals safe and remove those in harm's way. c. Take detailed summaries from wounded people about the events that occurred. d. Perform debriefing exercises.

b. Keep individuals safe and remove those in harm's way.

A community health nurse has just presented an education session to local citizens about West Nile virus. Which of the following statements by one of the participants indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "Most people who have West Nile virus will be very sick and need to be hospitalized." b. "If I have West Nile virus, my healthcare provider will give me antibiotics to treat it." c. "I can prevent West Nile virus by wearing long sleeves and long pants." d. "The risk for severe illness with West Nile virus is highest for younger individuals."

c. "I can prevent West Nile virus by wearing long sleeves and long pants."

A community health nurse is using the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines to recommend health screenings for a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following descriptions applies to Grade D screenings? a. "Research indicates this screening exam is beneficial." b. "Research indicates this screening exam has a small benefit." c. "Research indicates this screening is not warranted at this time and may, in fact, be harmful." d."There is not enough evidence to determine if this screening is helpful or not."

c. "Research indicates this screening is not warranted at this time and may, in fact, be harmful."

A nurse in a public health department is searching Healthy People 2030 for objectives with evidence-based interventions related to social determinants of health. Which of the following is a type of Healthy People objective that includes reliable baseline data and evidence-based interventions? a. Policy b. Developmental c. Research d. Core

d. Core

A community health nurse is asking a client about any potential lead exposure that could affect children in the community. Which of the following techniques is the nurse using? a. Windshield survey b. Air Quality Index c. Blood lead level d. Environmental health assessment

d. Environmental health assessment

A community health nurse is educating a community group about regulation of health care in the public sector. Which of the following entities should the nurse describe as making the majority of decisions about health care regulation in the public sector? a. Large corporations b. Employer-based health plans c. Small businesses d. Federal government

d. Federal government

A nurse is assigned to debrief a group of nursing students after a clinical rotation at a community center. One of the students asks how racism impacts public health. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a. Racism leads to decreases in health disparities among underrepresented populations. b. Racism is the result of health illiteracy which negatively impacts health outcomes. c. Racism's impact on health is limited to areas that have a lack of access to healthy foods and safe housing. d. Racism can negatively impact the mental and physical health of communities.

d. Racism can negatively impact the mental and physical health of communities.

A nurse is planning a presentation for state legislators about the impact of depression on student health outcomes at a low-performing school. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the presentation? a. Students experiencing depression and attending a low-performing school are less likely to become infected with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). b. Students experiencing depression and attending a low-performing school are half as likely to become chronically truant. c. Students experiencing depression and attending a low-performing school are more likely to suffer congenital defects, such as spina bifida. d. Students experiencing depression and attending a low-performing school are more likely to develop a chronic illness.

d. Students experiencing depression and attending a low-performing school are more likely to develop a chronic illness.

A nurse should recognize that which of the following factors contributes to the increasing burden of chronic diseases in public health? a. Increased population mobility b. Lack of preventive strategies c. Ineffective treatments d. The aging population

d. The aging population

A nurse proposes an evidence-based improvement project in partnership with the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act to mitigate the effects of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) lockdown restrictions on physical and mental health. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as the priority to address with the project? a. Constant fear-laden media reports led to an increased incidence of people being unwilling to cooperate with health officials. b. The threat of being infected with a deadly virus led to an inability to cope among various parts of the population. c. The educational challenges of distance learning contributed to students failing more classes. d. The lockdown led to an uncertainty of resources for several families within the community.

d. The lockdown led to an uncertainty of resources for several families within the community.

A local school has had an outbreak of salmonella. Which of the following primary prevention strategies should a nurse identify as interventions for prevention of future foodborne illnesses? (Select all that apply.) - Individuals should wash their hands with soap and water for 20 seconds before, during, and after preparing food. - Different cutting mats should be used to prepare meats and raw vegetables. - Individuals preparing food should be routinely screened for salmonella. - Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator, cold water, or the microwave. - Meat should be cooked to the appropriate temperature.

- Individuals should wash their hands with soap and water for 20 seconds before, during, and after preparing food. - Different cutting mats should be used to prepare meats and raw vegetables. - Thaw frozen foods in the refrigerator, cold water, or the microwave. - Meat should be cooked to the appropriate temperature.

A school nurse is implementing a quality improvement process for medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, in what order will the following steps be included in the nurse's process as they implement a program to increase medication adherence in this population? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.) - Clarify current knowledge about medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Organize an effort to work on increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Select changes aimed at increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Plan the change for increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Act to sustain the gains that increase medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Do the change; execute the plan for increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma.

- Organize an effort to work on increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Clarify current knowledge about medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Select changes aimed at increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Plan the change for increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Do the change; execute the plan for increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. - Act to sustain the gains that increase medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma.

A community health nurse is reporting their findings from research conducted about the need for primary care clinics in a community. According to Wilder's community-engagement research model, which of the following activities would the nurse report if the community was engaged in the research in the collaborator role? (Select all that apply.) - Residents filled out questionnaires on the survey tool. - Residents attended information sessions presented by the nurse during the research process. - Residents suggested the questions that should be included on the survey tool. - Residents volunteered to count the number of completed surveys returned each day. - Residents developed informational brochures for the community before the research process began. - Residents donated the data collection supplies.

- Residents filled out questionnaires on the survey tool. - Residents volunteered to count the number of completed surveys returned each day. - Residents donated the data collection supplies.

A school nurse is researching information about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates in school-age children. In what order will the nurse examine each item, from most robust type of evidence to least robust? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of strength of evidence. Use all the steps.) - A randomized controlled trial about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates on one state's population of school-age children - Systematic reviews of all randomized controlled trials published within the last 5 years about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates in children - An expert opinion presented in a conference in the current year from a pediatric immunologist - Observational cohort studies about immunization rates performed with a population of homeless school-age children during the last 3 years

1. Systematic reviews of all randomized controlled trials published within the last 5 years about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates in children 2. A randomized controlled trial about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates on one state's population of school-age children 3. Observational cohort studies about immunization rates performed with a population of homeless school-age children during the last 3 years 4. An expert opinion presented in a conference in the current year from a pediatric immunologist

A nurse in a community health clinic is preparing an in-service for staff to define the conditions of causation in epidemiology studies. Which of the following descriptions should the nurse use to define a dose-response relationship to establish causation? a. "The exposure must come before the disease develops." b. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease." c. "A relationship is biologically possible, and it makes sense." d. "When the exposure is decreased or eliminated, the risk of disease declines or is eliminated."

b. "Increased exposure increases the risk of developing the disease."

A charge nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about ways to increase quality of care for diverse populations based on the AACN's Core Competencies of Cultural Competence. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Advocate for social justice on behalf of vulnerable populations. b. Move to an ethnically diverse neighborhood. c. Develop friendships with people from other countries. d. Attend religious services of other cultural groups.

a. Advocate for social justice on behalf of vulnerable populations.

A nurse is working at a local school when a possible gas leak occurs in the building during lunch. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Evacuate everyone from the building b. Shelter everyone in place c. Lock everyone down in the building d. Dismiss students immediately after lunch

a. Evacuate everyone from the building

A community health nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about the concept of culture. Which of the following statements should the nurse use to define culture? a. "A culture is a group of people that consists of the same age, race, ethnicity, and language." b. "A culture is the beliefs, values, traditions, and customs that are shared by a group of people." c. "A culture is the marital status, religion, and spiritual preferences of a group." d. "A culture is the socioeconomic status, age, sexual orientation, and occupation of a group."

b. "A culture is the beliefs, values, traditions, and customs that are shared by a group of people."

A community health nurse is discussing disasters with a group of new nurses. Which of the following statements by one of the new nurses indicates an understanding of the information? a. "Human-made disasters are always intentional" b. "Disasters often overwhelm the availability of local resources" c. "Mass casualty incidents are always the results of human-made events" d. "Disasters affect everyone equally"

b. "Disasters often overwhelm the availability of local resources"

A nurse is interviewing a client who has three small children and has a history of interventions with Child Protective Services. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as an indication that family relationships are positive and further interventions are unnecessary? a. "Since I started working, I have so many caregivers for my kids that I cannot remember them all." b. "My kids and I attend virtual therapy sessions twice each month." c. "My partner has unexpectedly moved out of our home." d. "I feel overwhelmed because my oldest son just got out of jail last week."

b. "My kids and I attend virtual therapy sessions twice each month."

A nurse is explaining health care barriers to a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of a client who is underinsured? a. "A client who is underinsured does not have health insurance but is able to pay for medical expenditures on their own." b. "A client who is underinsured is not covered by any form of health insurance and cannot pay for medical expenditures." c. "A client who is underinsured has health insurance but is likely to assume significant financial risk for medical expenditures." d. "A client who is underinsured has more than one form of health insurance, which leads to duplications or discrepancies in covering medical expenditures."

c. "A client who is underinsured has health insurance but is likely to assume significant financial risk for medical expenditures."

A nurse is performing an evaluation on an older adult couple who have been attending a caregiver support group for individuals taking care of loved ones who have Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following statements by the caregiver shows that the intervention has been successful? a. "I don't enjoy socializing with my friends anymore." b. "I am just so exhausted. I am always tired and sometimes cannot get my work complete." c. "Even though it is a lot of work, I sleep well at night." d. "Over the last 6 months I have gained 30 pounds, and now my doctor says I am prediabetic."

c. "Even though it is a lot of work, I sleep well at night."

An occupational health nurse is presenting information to county government leaders. Which of the following occupations should the nurse include as having higher health hazards and exposures? a. Urban design architect b. Customer service phone operator c. Computer programmer d. Outdoor landscaper

d. Outdoor landscaper

A community health nurse is participating on a task force working to decrease opioid overdoses in the county. Which of the following strategies should the nurse recognize as secondary prevention? a. Providing rapid fentanyl test strips b. Scheduling targeted education sessions for providers who prescribe opioids c. Creating a syringe exchange program d. Offering naloxone distribution to first responders and people who use opioids

d. Offering naloxone distribution to first responders and people who use opioids

A public health nurse is discussing the principle of utilitarianism when responding to a disaster with a group of nurses. Which of the following actions is an example of utilitarianism? a. Reusing personal protective equipment (PPE) to increase its availability b. Providing care to the youngest victims first c. Providing treatment to victims in the order of their arrival to the emergency department (ED) d. Using resources on victims who are more likely to survive

d. Using resources on victims who are more likely to survive

A nurse manager is preparing a presentation on components of cultural competence. Which of following definitions should the manager provide for the concept of cultural safety? a. awareness of one's own thoughts and feelings about diversity b. knowledge that allows one to appreciate other cultures c. recognition of differences in race, color, ethnicity, or nationality that exist among individuals d. self-reflection and critique of power imbalances that allow health inequities

d. self-reflection and critique of power imbalances that allow health inequities

A nurse is providing a presentation about telehealth to a group of community health nurses who will soon be implementing telehealth practices within their community. Which of the following statements by one of the community health nurses indicates an understanding of the information? 1. "We can use video conferences as a method of telehealth to hold remote meetings with staff and clients." 2. "Text messaging can be used as a method of telehealth." 3. Faxing prescriptions to the pharmacy is an example of telehealth." 4. Sending email messages through commonly used email servers is one way to use telehealth."

1. "We can use video conferences as a method of telehealth to hold remote meetings with staff and clients."

A community health nurse is discussing the Nurse Training Act of 1943 with a group of nursing students. The community health nurse should include in the discussion that which of the following occurred as a direct result of the passage of this legislation? 1. Funding for maternal child care programs 2. Prohibition of racial discrimination in nursing organizations 3. Formation of training programs for school nurses 4. Establishment of the National Center for Nursing Research

2. Prohibition of racial discrimination in nursing organizations. The U.S. Cadet Nurse Corps prohibited discrimination in nursing organizations and was a direct result of the Nurse Training Act of 1943. Therefore, the nurse should include this in the discussion.

Due to a rise in whooping cough cases among middle school-age students, the school board requires an additional dose of Tdap vaccine to attend the 7th grade. Which of the following community outreach actions should the school nurse use to promote this updated policy? Recruit teachers to help spread the word about the immunization requirement. Establish one-on-one counseling sessions for each of the students' families about immunizations. Organize virtual educational sessions on immunizations within the school district. Inform the students who will enter 7th grade of the required additional vaccine.

Organize virtual educational sessions on immunizations within the school district. The school nurse should realize that a public policy measure, such as increased immunizations for school attendance, is to promote the safety and well-being of clients in the school population. Therefore, it is appropriate for the school nurse to advocate for the approach that would be best suited to motivate the student population and inform their families of the new vaccine requirement.

A nurse is preparing to provide a presentation about population-focused care to a group of community health nurses. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the presentation as a required competency for nurses who are providing population-focused care? 1. The ability to develop individualized care plans 2. The ability to analyze large data sets 3. The ability to work independently 4. The ability to gather data about a client's personal support system

2. The ability to analyze large data sets. Population-focused care requires nurses to access and analyze large data sets in order to understand the health of specific populations.

A nurse in a community health clinic is providing training to a group of newly hired nurses about partner violence. Which of the following statements made by one of the nurses indicates an understanding of partner violence? 1. "Women and men experience partner violence equally." 2. "Partner violence is the leading cause of death for women." 3. "Partner violence is underreported." 4. "Only physical abuse is considered partner violence."

3. "Partner violence is underreported." This is an accurate statement and should be identified as an understanding of partner violence.

A nurse educator is teaching a class on nursing history to a group of nursing students. Which of the following nurses should be identified as the first nurse who focused on environmental conditions? 1. Clara Barton 2. Mary Breckinridge 3. Jessie Sleet Scales 4. Florence Nightingale

4. Florence Nightingale The nurse should identify Florence Nightingale as the first nurse who focused on environmental conditions, which improved outcomes of care on battlefields and in hospitals during the 1800s

A nurse is arranging for flu vaccines to be administered to anyone who consents to it. Which of the following levels of prevention are guiding the nurse's actions? 1. Primary prevention 2. Secondary prevention 3. Tertiary prevention 4. Primordial prevention

1. Primary prevention

A client reports that the initial exercise regimen in their weight loss program was ineffective, but that they have seen positive results since adopting a friend's regimen. Which of the following theories explains the client's change? 1. Health Belief Model 2. Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior 3. Transtheoretical Model 4. Social Cognitive Theory

4. Social Cognitive Theory Explains that individuals will learn and adopt changes in habit when observing others who have mastered the behavior with positive results.

A public health nurse is planning to obtain a grant to implement a community-wide nutrition program. To which of the following organizations should the nurse apply? (Select all that apply.) - National Institutes of Health (NIH) - A diagnosis-related group (DRG) - Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

- National Institutes of Health (NIH) - United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

A community health nurse is reinforcing education on insulin administration to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following elements of Nursing's Social Contract is the nurse demonstrating? Collaboration Ethical practice Autonomy of practice Promotion of the health of the public

Autonomy of practice The nurse is demonstrating the element of autonomy of practice of nursing's social contract. Autonomy of practice involves providing education of disease management and insulin administration within the scope and standards of practice for a community health nurse.

A nurse working in the family planning clinic is working with an adolescent client who has expressed interest in birth control options. Which of the following is an example of how the nurse can practice with compassion and value the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of the client? Take responsibility for recommending that the client use hormonal contraception. Advocate for the right of the minor's parents to authorize prescribed birth control medication. Establish a rapport by respecting the client's interests and providing education on all birth control options. Promote the use of contraception among the client's peers at a community event.

Establish a rapport by respecting the client's interests and providing education on all birth control options. Provision 1 of the American Nurses Association (ANA)Code of Ethics is when the nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.