POS 100 Final: Chapters 8-11
75. It takes a __________ vote of Congress to overturn a presidential veto. a. one-third b. majority c. three-fifths d. two-thirds e. three-fourths
D
76. The president has the power to appoint all but which of the following? a. Federal district and circuit court judges b. Ambassadors c. Cabinet members d. The Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives e. Supreme Court justices
D
78. The major presidential duties and powers listed for the President in the Constitution are also called his a. implied powers. b. commander in chief powers. c. explicit powers. d. formal powers. e. Inherent powers.
D
81. A major reason Congress has not declared war against terrorism is because a. the United Nations opposed it. b. NATO opposed it. c. Congress did not have the votes for a declaration of war. d. there is no Taliban nation. e. None of the above is true.
D
83. When a president claims a power that has not been considered part of the chief executive's authority, a. Congress may overturn the power through a legislative veto. b. the Supreme Court will strike down the power as unconstitutional. c. Congress will put the power to nationwide referenda for the voters to approve or reject. d. he forces Congress and the courts either to acquiesce to his claim or to restrict it. e. the power is automatically added to future president's repertoire of abilities.
D
85. When President Lincoln instituted a blockade of southern ports, thereby committing an act of war, he did so a. under his constitutional power as commander-in-chief. b. under emergency powers granted by the Constitution. c. under his constitutional power to tax and spend for the general welfare. d. by claiming inherent powers to preserve the Union. e. constitutionally with the authority of Congress.
D
9. Each of the 435 congressional districts in the House of Representatives must be a. contested in elections every 6 years. b. gerrymandered every 2 years. c. contested by only Democrats and Republicans. d. equal in population. e. None of the above is true.
D
90. Which president argued that he could disregard laws banning wiretapping if it hindered his ability to protect the nation against a terrorist attack? a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. Lyndon Johnson c. Ronald Reagan d. George W. Bush e. Barack Obama
D
96. Which president adopted a loose staff structure that gave many top staffers direct access to him, and who immersed himself in the details of the policymaking process? a. Franklin D. Roosevelt b. Dwight Eisenhower c. Ronald Reagan d. Bill Clinton e. George W. Bush
D
97. Texas Governor George W. Bush chose Washington insider __________ as his vice-presidential running mate. a. Walter Mondale b. Al Gore c. Richard Nixon d. Dick Cheney e. Joseph Biden
D
98. Today, there are __________ cabinet departments. a. four b. eight c. twelve d. fifteen e. twenty-six
D
***127. The Plan B drug is a. a new generic drug alternative to Viagra. b. a suicide pill available only in Holland. c. a steroid implicated in the major league baseball scandal. d. a slang term for a stronger version of rohypnol recently appearing in American clubs. e. None of the above is true.
E
226. About how many requests for review does the U.S. Supreme Court receive each year? a. 500 b. 8,000 c. 2,000 d. 200 e. 10,500
B
11. Only __________ presidents have been impeached by the House of Representatives. a. two b. three c. four d. five e. six
A
111. The presidential strategy of leading by courting public opinion a. can be defended as a means of furthering majoritarian democracy. b. was pioneered by the early presidents. c. has declined in significance in recent years. d. is considered by most to be an ineffective political strategy. e. usually leads to ineffective leadership.
A
12. Which of the following powers is the exclusive power of the Senate? a. To approve treaties b. To impeach c. To redistrict d. To originate revenue bills e. All of the above are true.
A
120. The White House is willing to work with interest groups because they are a. able to mobilize their constituents to contact members of Congress. b. a resource Congress tends to ignore. c. able to access financial resources that could be helpful to the president. d. numerous. e. too powerful to be ignored.
A
125. Which of the following is considered a model of effective crisis management? a. Kennedy and the Cuban missile crisis b. Reagan and the TWA hijacking c. Reagan and the Grenada invasion d. Carter and the Iranian hostage crisis e. Bush and the Iraqi War
A
128. During its 2009-2012 term, the Obama administration a. rejected applications to make Plan B available without prescription. b. criminalized the use of Plan B within the United States. c. delayed a ruling on Teva Pharmaceuticals' request until after the 2012 election. d. ordered the FDA to launch an investigation into the availability of Plan B for college athletes. e. approved the use of Plan B for all women without prescription.
A
131. In the governments of modern societies, bureaucracies a. still play a central role. b. are undergoing a slow decline in their importance and usefulness. c. continue to see their budgets generally expand, even in the face of public criticism. d. disproportionately consist of women. e. Options C and D are true.
A
134. Government regulation of business grew in response to the realization that a. a laissez-faire approach does not always result in competitive markets. b. business cannot be trusted to seek profits. c. members of the public deserve a say in everything that affects them. d. American competitiveness requires a government role in business. e. government study of business practices will increase government efficiency.
A
144. The CIA is a good example of a federal a. independent agency. b. regulatory commission. c. government corporation. d. cabinet department. e. None of the above is true.
A
149. Presidents can exert considerable influence over agency policymaking by a. appointing commissioners sympathetic to their policy goals. b. putting pressure on Members of Congress to audit agencies. c. announcing surprise audits of agency budgets. d. putting pressure on agency heads to fire civil servants who defy the president's wishes. e. Options A and B are true.
A
154. The national bureaucracy accounts for about __________ percent of the U.S. work force. a. 2 b. 5 c. 10 d. 25 e. 50
A
162. The bureaucracy may not be fully responsive to a president's wishes because a. pluralist pressures may pull the agency in a direction other than that favored by the president. b. the agency head may dislike the president. c. the president may make unreasonable demands on the agency. d. the role of government is to protect the people from the power used by elected officials. e. Congress funds most agencies.
A
164. Rules that guide the operation of government programs are termed a. regulations. b. mandates c. ordinances. d. advisories. e. dicta.
A
165. The legal powers of bureaucratic agencies derive from a. a congressional grant of authority. b. tradition. c. a constitutional mandate. d. delegation from the president. e. implied powers.
A
166. Congress has a tendency to grant _________ discretion to those agencies involved in domestic and global security. a. the broadest range of b. very little c. no d. statutory, but not administrative e. administrative, but not statutory
A
176. Bureaucrats "go by the book" because a. "the book" consists of the laws they are obligated to enforce. b. they are afraid of being rebuked by Congress if they depart from "the book." c. they are unimaginative and "the book" provides ready-made answers. d. they operate only within their narrow specialization. e. they can hide behind it if their actions are unpopular.
A
179. Which act held agencies accountable for their performance? a. The Government Performance and Results Act b. The Agency Accountability Reform Act c. The Agency Review Act d. The Government Analysis Reform Act e. The Bureaucratic Control Act
A
18. Gerrymandering contributes to the a. increasing pattern of polarization between the two parties in the House. b. more compromise and bipartisan behavior in Congress. c. fewer advantages for incumbents. d. increased competitiveness of congressional elections. e. Options A and D are true.
A
183. Upon taking office Barack Obama's regulatory agencies a. began to issue regulations at a faster rate than George W. Bush's agencies. b. actually issued fewer regulations than George W. Bush's agencies. c. issued about the same number of regulations as George W. Bush's agencies. d. issued far more regulations on health issues, whereas Bush offered more regulations concerning safety issues. e. None of the above is true.
A
199. According to Alexander Hamilton in Federalist No. 78, the power of judicial review a. was an essential barrier to legislative oppression. b. violates the principle of checks and balances. c. is inconsistent with the Constitution. d. is inherently antidemocratic. e. implies the ability of the Supreme Court to usurp the power of other branches
A
201. Criminal offenses such as arson, theft, and murder are almost always the sole responsibility of which entity? a. The state b. The federal system c. The appellate system d. The district or local level e. Both the local and federal system equally
A
209. __________ assist(s) federal district court judges, and though he/she (they) lack(s) independent judicial authority, he/she (they) have (has) the power to hear and decide minor offenses and conduct preliminary stages of more serious cases. a. U.S. magistrate judges b. U.S. Attorney Generals c. The Solicitor General d. Appellate judges e. The Federal Circuit Court
A
216. Stare decisis is a. the judicial principle of tending to honor precedents in similar cases. b. the Supreme Court's general policy of refusing to reconsider issues previously decided. c. the process of building consensus among appellate court judges. d. the slow, technical process of moving an appeal up through the federal court system. e. the rejection of a case on appeal.
A
217. If a university awards a fixed number of points to favor black applicants' odds of admission to a class, under existing Supreme Court _________ that university decision is likely to be overturned. a. precedent b. fixity c. lex legis d. concordance e. authoritatem
A
218. Judicial interpretation of the law means that judges, in effect, a. make policy. b. are truly independent. c. are not influenced by their own individual values and beliefs. d. will rarely disagree when writing their opinions. e. All of the above are true.
A
219. Whether or not the Supreme Court should permit flag burning as a form of political protest can be seen as a tradeoff between a. freedom and order. b. freedom and equality. c. equality and order. d. freedom and pluralism. e. majoritarianism and order
A
220. The Supreme Court's original jurisdiction extends to cases involving a. ambassadors. b. disputes between citizens of different states. c. disputes where the federal government is a defendant. d. racial discrimination. e. All of the above are true.
A
221. Most cases reach the U.S. Supreme Court through its __________ jurisdiction. a. appellate b. concurrent c. original d. secondary e. spatial
A
222. The appellate jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court can be changed by a. Congress. b. no one. c. the president. d. the Justice Department. e. Options A or C are true.
A
237. When Supreme Court justices compose their draft (preliminary) opinions, the draft opinion will be circulated to the other justices for criticism and suggestions because a. all justices can change their votes until the decision is officially announced. b. the media will get a copy of the draft opinion. c. no other justice can issue a written opinion of the case. d. Options B and C are true. e. None of the above is true
A
240. Despite concerns about diversity on the federal bench during the administrations of George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton, _________ remained the dominant motivating force behind judicial appointments. a. ideology b. activism c. restraint d. regionalism e. patronage
A
241. The most common background experience among recent Supreme Court nominees is judicial experience, and this can be explained by a. a judge's previous opinions serve as good predictors of his or her future opinions on the High Court. b. all Senators confirming or rejecting nominees are lawyers. c. a Supreme Court justice must have passed the bar exam. d. Options B and C are true. e. None of the above is true.
A
244. Within eight months of the _________ Supreme Court decision, more than two dozen constitutional amendments had been introduced in Congress, although none passed. a. Roe v. Wade b. Brown v. Board of Education c. Marbury v. Madison d. Bush v. Gore e. None of the above is true
A
159. A president can appoint __________ of all executive branch employees. a. the vast majority b. 5 percent c. less than 1 percent d. about 20 percent e. 10 percent
C
3. The key feature of the Great Compromise was its provision for a. population-based representation for states in the House and equal representation for states in the Senate. b. equal representation for all states in both houses. c. proportional representation based on electoral votes in the Senate and equal representation in the House. d. population-based representation in both legislative bodies. e. election of senators by state legislatures.
A
32. If the president neither signs nor vetoes a bill within 10 days while Congress is in session, the bill a. becomes law. b. is sent back to Congress. c. is recalled by Congress for further action. d. has been pocket-vetoed. e. is killed.
A
4. Each state has __________ Senators. a. two b. three c. four d. five e. ten
A
46. The most powerful person in the Senate is the a. majority leader. b. majority whip. c. vice president. d. president pro tempore. e. sergeant-at-arms.
A
53. When the Senate votes to invoke cloture, it a. limits the amount of time that may be spent debating a bill. b. means a bill must either pass or fail without any amendments. c. sends a bill back to its originating committee for amendment. d. forwards a bill to a conference committee so that differences between the House and Senate versions may be worked out. e. will result in a bill's failure.
A
54. In today's Congress, the mere threat of a Senate filibuster is extremely common, which means that a bill often needs the support of a. 60 senators. b. the president. c. a plurality vote of the Senate. d. all Senate Committee Chairman. e. None of the above is true.
A
64. Most democracies outside the United States have a(n) a. parliamentary system. b. executive-legislative system. c. congressional system. d. constitutional monarchy. e. legislative oversight system.
A
7. Every two years, how many of the 435 House seats are up for reelection at the same time? a. All b. One-third c. Two-thirds d. Three-fourths e. One-half
A
70. Which article of the Constitution sets forth the responsibilities of the president? a. Article II b. Article I c. Article III d. Article X e. Article V
A
72. The powers of the president as outlined in the Constitution are a. briefly stated and comparatively vague. b. extensively and specifically described. c. more elaborately described than the powers of Congress. d. specific enough to avoid disagreement over their extent. e. very similar to the powers of a parliamentary executive.
A
82. Powers inferred from statements written in the Constitution are called __________ powers. a. inherent b. enumerated c. implicit d. delegated e. assumed
A
84. In 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that President Bush's unilaterally established military commissions to try alleged enemy combatants captured in Afghanistan and Iraq were a. illegal. b. based on a congressional delegation of power. c. based on an explicit constitutional grant of power. d. quickly repudiated by Congress and thus illegal. e. legal because Congress issued a declaration of war.
A
87. Which of the following statements concerning executive orders is incorrect? a. They are rarely issued by presidents. b. They carry the force of law. c. They can create or modify laws without the direct approval of Congress. d. The Constitution does not explicitly grant the president the power to issue such orders. e. They are issued for a wide variety of purposes.
A
89. One controversial action by President Bush following the September 11, 2001 attacks was a. to secretly authorize the National Security Agency (NSA) to wiretap telephone calls into and out of the United States. b. to authorize the use of electroshock torture on suspected al Qaeda terrorists. c. to research plans to cancel the 2004 presidential elections in light of another terrorist attack. d. to detain U. S. citizens without trial at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. e. to unilaterally go to war with Iraq without receiving any kind of congressional approval.
A
93. The president's top aide who oversees the Executive Office of the President, may be first among equals, is also known as the a. chief of staff. b. Secretary of State. c. Secretary of Interior. d. Assistant to the President. e. Executive Officer
A
208. There are _________ U.S. district courts in the federal system. a. three b. eleven c. twelve d. ninety-four e. None of the above is true.
D
***185. The case of AT&T in the early 1980s is an example of deregulation by a. offering AT&T flexibility while insisting it meet consumer concerns. b. breaking up a previous system into smaller carriers. c. making AT&T more transparent and accountable. d. competition and outsourcing. e. All of the above are true.
B
103. In both a recent Gallup survey of the American public, and in a recent C-SPAN survey of fifty-eight professional observers of the presidency, which president was ranked as the greatest? a. George Washington b. Abraham Lincoln c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Franklin D. Roosevelt e. Ronald Reagan
B
107. Recent scholarly research demonstrates that energetic and well-planned efforts by presidents to influence public opinion a. can move public responses to opinion polls by about ten percentage points. b. are likely to have little effect. c. are far more effective when they concern foreign policy than domestic policy. d. are far more effective when they concern domestic policy than foreign policy. e. only occurs during a president's first year in office.
B
112. Which of the following statements concerning former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi is not correct? a. Berlusconi made profits from quiz shows that featured attractive young women taking off their clothing. b. Berlusconi has been divorced four times and currently pays over $3 million yearly to his ex-wives. c. Berlusconi once disappeared from the public for three weeks, only to return with a facelift. d. Berlusconi was indicted for paying for sex with a 17 year old night club dancer. e. One of Berlusconi's mansions became known for sex parties in the "bunga bunga" room.
B
117. Lyndon Johnson used the term justice rhetorically to refer to a. fair court procedures. b. economic and social equality. c. halting Communism in Southeast Asia. d. ensuring a minimal level of government involvement in day-to-day life. e. a hard-line criminal law stance.
B
130. Some of the earliest bureaucracies under President George Washington included a. an environmental agency. b. a postal service. c. a commission to oversee stocks trading. d. a Revolutionary War Veteran's bureau. e. Options B, C, and D are true.
B
133. During the presidency of George W Bush a. the size of government shrunk. b. the size of government grew. c. the size of government remained about the same. d. grew, but only in regard to defense and security-related agencies. e. the size of government displayed no consistent pattern.
B
136. The government first began to take steps to provide income security in the shape of a. Industrial Revolution workers' compensation. b. pensions to Civil War veterans. c. the Great Depression unemployment insurance. d. the G.I. Bill. e. Social Security.
B
14. Since 1950, ___________ of all House incumbents running for office have been reelected. a. about 50 percent b. about 90 percent c. 100 percent d. less than 50 percent e. about 80 percent
B
146. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an example of a(n) a. independent agency. b. regulatory commission. c. government corporation. d. department. e. civil service agency.
B
15. The American public generally a. holds Congress as an institution in higher regard than it holds individual members of Congress. b. holds individual members of Congress in higher regard than it holds Congress as an institution. c. holds Congress in higher regard than it holds the president. d. holds neither Congress nor its members in high regard. e. holds the Supreme Court and Congress in equally high regard.
B
161. Most political appointees come from a. the president's campaign staff. b. businesses, universities, and government itself. c. political party workers. d. careers that allowed them to be involved with the new president in other endeavors. e. the pool of government interns.
B
177. The explosion of the oil rig Deepwater Horizon led to harsh criticism of the a. U.S. Coast Guard. b. Minerals Management Service. c. Department of Homeland Security. d. Environmental Protection Agency. e. Petroleum Waste and Resource Management Assembly.
B
186. Which of the following statements concerning the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision is correct? a. Chief Justice Earl Warren died shortly before the Supreme Court took up the decision. b. The Supreme Court postponed hearing the case until after the outcome of the 1952 presidential election. c. It was a 5-4 decision. d. Three justices disagreed with the majority's opinion, but agreed to make the opinion unanimous out of concern for the Court's public reputation. e. In its decision, the Supreme Court only technically struck down segregated schools in the District of Columbia
B
19. Representatives elected from new districts after reapportionment tend to exhibit __________ than representatives from older districts. a. less polarized voting partisans b. more polarized voting patterns c. the same amount of polarized voting d. higher name recognition e. Options A and D are true.
B
194. Which of the following can be used to overturn a Supreme Court decision declaring a federal law unconstitutional? a. Congressional nullification b. An amendment to the Constitution c. Presidential veto d. A national referendum e. State-on-state referendums
B
195. Since the U.S. Constitution was ratified, the Supreme Court has used judicial review to invalidate about _________ national laws. a. 50 b. 160 c. 925 d. 2,200 e. 5,400
B
196. State judges are obligated to follow the U.S. Constitution whenever state law conflicts with it under the Constitution's a. judicial review clause. b. supremacy clause. c. federalism clause. d. uniformity clause. e. None of the above is true.
B
203. To appeal means to a. make a plea on national television. b. take a case to a higher court. c. submit a "friend of the court" brief. d. argue a case before a judge or a court. e. ask for a reduction in the sentence imposed.
B
204. Plea bargaining is the process by which a. a defendant makes an emotional plea for mercy from the court. b. a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a reduced sentence. c. jurors bargain among themselves to reach a verdict. d. civil cases involving large sums of money are settled out of court. e. the prosecuting attorney waives the jury process.
B
207. To determine how a statute should be applied, judges look for the legislature's intent, reading reports of committee hearings and debates; this is known as a. judicial review. b. statutory construction. c. Roman legal tradition. d. the rule of four. e. parliamentary review.
B
210. A U.S. District Court can hear a case between citizens of two different states if the case involves more than __________ dollars. a. 10,000 b. 75,000 c. 100,000 d. 150,000 e. 500,000
B
215. Cases in the U.S. courts of appeal are usually heard by a. a panel of two judges. b. a panel of three judges. c. a single judge. d. a panel of nine judges. e. a bench of thirty judges.
B
22. When making contributions to candidates for Congress, PACs tend to show a preference for a. Democrats. b. incumbents. c. candidates who are challenging incumbents. d. Republicans. e. Independents.
B
225. Approximately how many cases does the Supreme Court select each year as worthy of review? a. More than 500 b. Fewer than 100 c. Fewer than 50 d. More than 1,000 e. Around 600
B
230. The __________ represents the federal government before the Supreme Court. a. attorney general b. solicitor general c. secretary of justice d. chief justice e. assistant chief litigator
B
235. If the chief justice is not in the majority when a case is decided, the responsibility for opinion assignment rests with the a. most junior justice on the Court. b. most senior associate justice in the majority. c. chief justice, as in other cases. d. most senior associate justice in the minority. e. justice assigned by the chief justice.
B
246. The pluralist model of democracy is expressed in the judicial process through a. election campaigns. b. class action suits. c. direct lobbying of judges. d. the impeachment process. e. interest group intervention.
B
31. A key difference between the House and the Senate concerning bill procedures is the a. Senate Appropriations Committee. b. House Rules Committee. c. Senate Ways and Means Committee. d. pre-filed bill requirement in the Senate. e. House floor procedure
B
34. Stressing the importance of congressional committees, Woodrow Wilson stated, a. "In the U.S. Congress, it's never over until it's over. And when it's over, it's still not over." b. "Congress in its committee-rooms is Congress at work." c. "Congress is the most anti-democratic institution in Western history." d. "Congressional committees are the soul of Congress. And a corrupted soul it is." e. "The president is to congressional committees as impeachment is to the courts."
B
35. The House Judiciary Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee are examples of a. select committees. b. standing committees. c. subcommittees. d. ad hoc committees. e. conference committees.
B
37. A ________ is a temporary committee established to deal with issues that either overlap or fall outside the areas of expertise of standing committees. a. subcommittee b. select committee c. conference committee d. joint committee e. makeshift committee
B
40. Meetings in which legislation is debated and amended are called _________ sessions. a. ex nihilo nihil fit b. markup c. brainstorming d. skull e. war
B
42. Congressional oversight is often stereotyped as an opportunity for lawmakers to lash out at executive branch officials because of some scandal or mistake, but many lawmakers are advocates of the programs they oversee given these programs benefit their constituents back home. Thus, most oversight a. is done in formal public hearings. b. is aimed at trying to find ways to improve programs. c. is aimed to mobilize voters. d. is designed to influence committee chairmen. e. is about demonstrating effectiveness to key executive branch officials.
B
47. The most powerful office in the House of Representatives is the _________ and in the Senate it is the _________. a. majority leader; Speaker of the Senate b. Speaker of the House; majority leader c. majority whip; president pro tempore d. majority leader; president pro tempore e. Speaker of the House; Senate whip
B
62. One reason there may be no delegate position for members of Congress to take is that a. many issues are of great concern to their constituents. b. what constituents really want is not clear. c. technology has made most congressional issues highly visible back home. d. congressional issues rarely cut across a constituency in the same way. e. Options A and C are true.
B
71. According to the Constitution, the minimum age requirement for the president is a. forty. b. thirty-five. c. forty-five. d. fifty. e. thirty.
B
74. The Constitution does not give the president power to a. veto legislation. b. declare war. c. serve as administrative head of the nation. d. serve as commander-in-chief of the military. e. convene sessions of Congress.
B
77. Through 2011 Barack Obama a. never used the veto. b. made little use of the veto. c. issued a total of 31 vetoes. d. issued a total of 114 vetoes. e. issued five pocket vetoes only.
B
8. The redistribution of seats among the states every ten years after a census is known as a. redistricting. b. reapportionment. c. reallocation. d. gerrymandering. e. impeachment.
B
86. Which president said, after being challenged on his aggressive expansion of presidential power, "Was it possible to lose the nation and yet preserve the Constitution?" a. Andrew Jackson b. Abraham Lincoln c. Theodore Roosevelt d. Lyndon Johnson e. George W. Bush
B
91. Which of the following is an example of a delegated power? a. The War Powers Resolution of 1973 b. President Nixon's imposition of wage and price controls c. President Lincoln's expansion of the military during the Civil War d. A televised presidential address in which the president asks the American people to urge members of Congress to pass a particular bill e. A power that the president holds in reserve
B
95. Franklin Roosevelt's organization of the White House staff reflected a a. collegiate staffing arrangement. b. competitive management style. c. hierarchical staff model. d. circular interactive model. e. information circulation style.
B
99. Which of the following is a key factor in the increased size of the Cabinet over the years? a. The president's inability to get legislative initiatives passed by Congress b. Growth in the responsibilities of government c. A new congressional requirement that cabinet departments have an equal relationship with a particular congressional committee d. The feeling that the cabinet should remain proportional in size to the bureaucracy e. The president's need to be seen as a consensus builder
B
100. In the modern presidency, the cabinet a. has assumed greater importance over the last twenty years. b. is a minor contributor to presidential decisions. c. fails to provide significant decision-making input or support for the president. d. makes major domestic policy decisions but does not make foreign or defense policy decisions. e. is the central advisory and decision-making group on which the president depends.
C
101. Which of the following influences a president the most? a. The cabinet b. Congress c. White House staff d. National Security Council e. U.S. Supreme Court rulings
C
110. President Obama's attempts to improve the public's opinion about his health-care bill shows a. presidents can move the public about six percentage points toward policies they favor. b. presidents have more success influencing the public when the economy is bad. c. presidential efforts to influence public opinion are likely to fail. d. presidents' own job approval ratings can decline even as their public outreach succeeds. e. the public is more likely to defer to the president's opinion when the legislation in question is extremely complex.
C
116. The claiming of a presidential mandate after an election a. is consistent with a pluralist theory of democracy. b. is rarely done. c. is consistent with a majoritarian theory of democracy. d. is more common among presidents who win by small electoral margins. e. Options C and D are true.
C
135. Compared to other Western democracies, the size of the U.S. government a. is proportionately larger. b. is about the same. c. is proportionately smaller. d. has traditionally been smaller but has grown far larger in recent years. e. has traditionally been larger but has shrunk in recent years.
C
138. Social Security was instituted by the government after a. the Civil War. b. World War I. c. the Great Depression. d. the Korean War. e. the Great Society.
C
140. There are currently __________ cabinet departments. a. five b. nine c. fifteen d. twenty-five e. thirty-six
C
145. Regulatory commissions are run by a small number of commissioners appointed by a. the House of Representatives. b. the Senate. c. the President. d. the independent agencies. e. government corporations.
C
148. The smallest department (in terms of civilian employees) focuses on the nation's a. security. b. welfare. c. education. d. commerce. e. agriculture.
C
155. The national bureaucracy is staffed by about _________ civilian employees. a. 500,000 b. 1 million c. 2.8 million d. 5 million e. 10 million
C
167. After an ExpressJet flight kept 47 passengers on board an aircraft overnight in Rochester, New York, the Department of Transportation announced a new set of rules limiting tarmac waits to a. no more than seven hours. b. one hour. c. no more than three hours. d. thirty minutes. e. None of the above is true.
C
17. The practice of altering district lines for partisan advantage after the census is also known as a. redistricting. b. reapportionment. c. gerrymandering. d. impeachment. e. cloture.
C
174. According to Charles Lindblom, policymaking tends to be characterized by _________, with policies and programs changing bit by bit, step by step. a. gridlock b. the bureaucratic culture of the agency c. incrementalism d. funding increases e. the agency's appointed head
C
175. An organization's informal, unwritten rules that guide individual behavior are also referred to by the authors as a. habits. b. mores. c. norms. d. folkways. e. administrative customs.
C
181. Over time government welfare programs have increasingly emphasized _________ rather than _________. a. income maintenance; deregulation b. deregulation; social services c. social services; income maintenance d. implementation; program monitoring e. deregulation; norms
C
182. The thorough and lengthy process the FDA uses to evaluate drugs was validated by the controversy involving a. Plan B. b. steroids. c. thalidomide. d. provastin. e. hypoglyceritol.
C
187. The Constitution discusses the federal court system in a. Article I. b. Article II. c. Article III. d. Article V. e. Article VI.
C
193. Judicial review is a. the leading journal covering the actions and decisions of the courts. b. the right of Congress to approve presidential nominations to the courts. c. the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws invalid if they violate the Constitution. d. the power of Congress to review the decisions of the courts. e. the authority of a bureaucratic body to overrule judicial action that conflicts with its rules.
C
198. Alexander Hamilton argued that the judicial branch was the __________ branch of national government. a. most legitimate b. most reliable c. weakest d. wisest e. least flexible
C
206. When judges adjudicate cases and present explanations justifying their rulings, they publish them in the form of a. writs. b. precedents. c. opinions. d. briefs. e. treatises.
C
21. In the congressional setting, casework refers to a. members being honest with their constituents. b. challengers demanding honesty of incumbents. c. members helping constituents with problems. d. members' right to send mail free of charge. e. legislative research.
C
212. A circuit is a. a group of policymakers with whom a judge is friendly. b. the procedural path along which an appeal must travel. c. the geographical area over which a court of appeals hears cases. d. the set of procedures that Supreme Court justices use to select cases for review. e. a group of judges joining together to write an opinion.
C
213. Federal appellate courts review and can overturn a. the precedents set by the U.S. Supreme Court. b. only federal criminal cases. c. the rulings made and procedures followed by the lower trial courts. d. the guilt or innocence of defendants. e. All of the above are true.
C
234. By tradition, the first action at the Supreme Court's weekly conferences to decide cases is to a. order coffee. b. welcome the chief justice. c. shake hands. d. review the chief justice's discussion list. e. rise and greet their fellows in order of seniority.
C
236. A decision disagreeing with the majority opinion's argument is known as a a. concordium. b. certiorari. c. dissent. d. concurrence. e. rebuttal.
C
24. The advantage of incumbency may be less in the Senate than in the House because a. PACs are more likely to contribute to House incumbents than to Senate incumbents. b. Senate districts are not affected by gerrymandering. c. Senate seats attract better-known challengers than do House seats. d. senators do not do casework. e. the public pays less attention to the Senate.
C
242. The current justice most likely to cast the "deciding vote" in a 5-4 split Supreme Court case is a. Clarence Thomas. b. Ruth Ginsburg. c. Anthony Kennedy. d. John Roberts. e. Stephen Breyer.
C
26. An underlying assumption of the concept of descriptive representation is that a. elected representatives should follow their own consciences. b. any citizen can be represented by any congressional representative. c. minorities can be effectively represented only by people of their own kind. d. representatives should carefully heed public opinion polls. e. the more outspoken people are regarding the type of representative they want, the closer the representative will be to voter preference.
C
27. Efforts to draw boundaries to promote the election of minorities a. have been equally effective for blacks as for Hispanics. b. have been more effective for Hispanics than for blacks. c. have been more effective for blacks than for Hispanics. d. were more effective for blacks in the 1980s, but more effective for Hispanics in the 1990s. e. have been equally ineffective for blacks as for Hispanics.
C
30. Congress can overturn a presidential veto with a a. majority vote. b. three-fifths vote. c. two-thirds vote. d. three-fourths vote. e. majority vote in the House and 60 votes in the Senate.
C
33. The content of a proposed bill in Congress can be changed a. only in committee. b. only during floor deliberation. c. at any stage of the legislative process in either the House or the Senate. d. only in conference committee. e. up to three times.
C
38. A __________ is a committee composed of legislators from both houses that works out legislative differences between the Senate and House and develops a compromise version. a. subcommittee b. select committee c. conference committee d. joint committee e. makeshift committee
C
41. The 2011 congressional hearings on whether a federal program allowed guns to fall into the hands of Mexican drug cartels are an example of a. gerrymandering. b. congressional review. c. oversight. d. standing reports. e. cloture.
C
43. The vice president a. has no formal constitutional title over the United States Senate. b. has the ability to select Senate committee chairmen. c. can break tie votes in the Senate. d. frequently visits the Senate to lobby on behalf of the president. e. can veto Senate resolutions.
C
44. Which of the following statements concerning the Speaker of the House is incorrect? a. The Speaker is the majority party's leader. b. The Speaker is a constitutional officer. c. The Speaker's duties are listed in the Constitution. d. The Speaker chairs sessions from the rostrum with gavel in hand. e. None of the above is true.
C
45. A vote on a bill in the Senate results in a tie. What would likely be the official outcome of the vote on the bill? a. The bill would be withdrawn and submitted at a later time, when one additional vote could be secured. b. The bill would be killed. c. The president's party would prevail. d. The parties would reach a compromise in the conference committee. e. The leadership would canvass members to change the one vote needed for passage.
C
5. Every two years, _________ of the Senate must stand for reelection. a. one-fourth b. one-half c. one-third d. all e. two-thirds
C
51. The Senate delay tactic of talking a bill to death is called a. cloture. b. logrolling. c. filibustering. d. gerrymandering. e. muckraking.
C
55. A letter requesting that a bill be held from Senate floor debate is also known as a(n) a. cloture request. b. gerrymander. c. hold. d. Senatorial veto. e. sequestration.
C
59. A congressional representative is following the trustee philosophy when he or she a. takes instructions from party leaders on how to vote. b. votes in accordance with the perceived wishes of the citizens back home. c. votes according to his or her conscience, even if doing so means going against the wishes of the majority back home. d. consults the president before an important vote. e. polls members of the district prior to a vote.
C
6. All U.S. Senators were no longer chosen by state legislatures after the passage of a. the Thirteenth Amendment. b. the Sixteenth Amendment. c. the Seventeenth Amendment. d. the Nineteenth Amendment. e. the Twenty-first Amendment.
C
68. Which of the following was not an accomplishment of President Obama during his first term? a. The stimulus bill b. The Affordable Care Act c. Reducing partisan disagreement in Washington D.C. d. Killing Osama bin Laden e. Assisting in the defeat of Muammar Gaddafi
C
69. Prior to the Constitution, the Articles of Confederation a. had created a three-person executive. b. required a one-year executive that rotated between the different states. c. provided for no independent executive. d. maintained an even stronger executive than the Constitution ultimately created. e. created a single executive who served for six years and was ineligible for reelection.
C
73. The phrases "the executive Power shall be vested in a President" and "he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed" are the constitutional foundations for the president's a. pardon power. b. power as commander-in-chief. c. administrative power. d. enumerated powers. e. diplomatic power.
C
88. Which president issued an executive order to send the Arkansas National Guard to desegregate schools? a. Abraham Lincoln b. Theodore Roosevelt c. Dwight Eisenhower d. Lyndon Johnson e. Barack Obama
C
61. On issues of high visibility and great concern to constituents, members of Congress are most likely to behave as a. tribunes. b. trustees. c. advertisers. d. delegates. e. insiders.
D
115. After the presidential election is over, the winning candidate wants to claim that he has been given __________ by the voters to carry out the policy platform on which he campaigned. a. unlimited power b. veto power over Congress c. executive orders d. an electoral mandate e. None of the above is true.
D
118. President Ronald Reagan used the term freedom rhetorically to refer to a. fair court procedures. b. economic and social equality. c. halting Communism in Southeast Asia. d. ensuring a minimal level of government involvement in day-to-day life. e. equality.
D
***67. The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), aimed at keeping the banking system from collapsing, was passed during the __________ administration. a. Franklin Delano Roosevelt b. Lyndon Johnson c. Ronald Reagan d. George W. Bush e. Barack Obama
D
1. In the 2010 congressional election, the Republican party a. captured the U.S. House of Representatives and the Senate. b. did not capture either the U.S. House of Representatives or the Senate. c. captured the Senate but not the U.S. House of Representatives. d. captured the U.S. House of Representatives but not the Senate. e. captured the U.S. House of Representatives and won a 50-50 tie in the Senate.
D
10. A president can be impeached by the __________ and tried and removed from office by the __________. a. House and Senate; Supreme Court b. House; House c. Senate; House d. House; Senate e. Senate; Senate
D
102. Why does the cabinet not serve as an effective advisory body? a. The cabinet is quite large and unwieldy. b. Cabinet members have limited areas of expertise and cannot contribute much to deliberations on policy outside their areas of expertise. c. Cabinet members may not be easy for the president to work with. d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true.
D
105. By the "power to persuade," Richard Neustadt means that a president must have a. the ability to bargain. b. the ability to deal with adversaries. c. an ability to choose priorities carefully. d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true.
D
106. A president who comes to Washington with a clear set of predetermined goals and pursues them unbendingly will probably a. be considered strong and successful. b. be respected by Congress for his or her political skills. c. overpower all political resistance. d. be unsuccessful at winning the support of Congress and the bureaucracy. e. pass most, if not all, of his or her legislative agenda.
D
108. Perhaps the most difficult obstacle presidents face when attempting to influence public opinion a. is the unwillingness of the media to cover the president's statements. b. is the high level of partisanship in the electorate. c. is the complexity of modern domestic policymaking. d. is the lack of serious attention by the public. e. is the cultural tendency of Americans to resist centralized authority.
D
109. According to the authors, President Obama's approval rating was affected by which of the following? a. Unfavorable public attitude toward his health-care proposals b. The recession c. Unemployment d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true.
D
113. The phrase "divided government" refers to a. Democrats and Republicans agreeing on a coalition government. b. the separation of powers among the three branches. c. specialization in Congress based on committees. d. different parties controlling the presidency and Congress. e. Congress and the president being opposed by the Supreme Court.
D
119. The main communication link between the White House and Congress consists of a. close friends of the president who are members of Congress. b. party leaders. c. the vice president and his staff. d. the legislative liaison staff. e. the cabinet.
D
121. The "fundraiser in chief" for each party is typically the a. Senate majority leader. b. House majority leader. c. vice president. d. president. e. None of the above is true.
D
123. Obama chose to distance the United States from the dictatorship of __________ once a democracy movement erupted there challenging his right to rule. a. Tunisia b. Morocco c. Saudi Arabia d. Egypt e. Jordan
D
129. A large, complex organization in which employees have specific job responsibilities and work within a hierarchy of authority is a(n) a. office. b. business. c. government. d. bureaucracy. e. organization.
D
132. A President who preached smaller government and bureaucracy during the 1980s was a. Franklin D Roosevelt. b. Harry Truman. c. John F Kennedy. d. Ronald Reagan. e. Bill Clinton.
D
151. Government corporations are best described as a. businesses that have gone bankrupt and have been taken over by the government. b. agencies that privately see to the personal needs of high-level bureaucrats. c. business enterprises that the government has seized because of failure to pay taxes. d. government agencies that provide services that could be provided by the private sector. e. government partnerships with private industry.
D
153. The U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak are examples of a. off-line spending. b. congressional intrusion into bureaucratic agencies. c. consumer service departments. d. government corporations. e. independent agencies.
D
157. The civil service system was created to a. ensure equal partisanship in filling government jobs. b. allow greater congressional control of the bureaucracy. c. increase presidential control over the bureaucracy. d. reduce the amount of politics in awarding government jobs. e. discourage incompetent job applicants from seeking government employment.
D
16. Recent ratings for Congress have fallen to less than __________ of the public approving of its performance. a. 60 percent b. 50 percent c. 30 percent d. 15 percent e. 5 percent
D
160. Presidential appointees in the executive branch fill the top policymaking positions in government, and some 1000 of them require a. U.S. House of Representatives confirmation. b. U.S. Supreme Court confirmation. c. state legislative confirmation. d. U.S. Senate confirmation. e. None of the above is true.
D
163. Committees can "punish" an agency by a. cutting its budget. b. altering a key program. c. holding up the confirmation of nominees. d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true.
D
168. The airline industry claimed that the new Department of Transportation rules limiting passenger tarmac waits on a plan would a. create longer delays. b. waste time while ground crews searched for luggage of passengers who deplaned. c. force airlines to hire more personnel. d. Options A and B are true. e. All of the above are true.
D
170. The common currency for most European Union countries is called the a. football. b. western. c. anglo. d. euro. e. francmark.
D
171. The ideal, rational decision-making process a. does not reflect how decisions are made in the real world. b. calls for careful analysis of all possible solutions. c. requires administrators to rank values and objectives. d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true
D
173. The rational-comprehensive model of policymaking is unrealistic because a. it is difficult for policymakers to define precise values and goals. b. the selected policy will not always be the most effective means to the goal. c. comprehensive investigations into all solutions to any specific problem would be too time-consuming. d. Options A, B, and C are true. e. None of the above is true.
D
178. Which president expanded social welfare through creating a prescription drug benefit for senior citizens? a. Franklin D Roosevelt b. Lyndon Johnson c. Bill Clinton d. George W. Bush e. Barack Obama
D
184. One significant difficulty with the initial No Child Left Behind law was that a. the initial grants offered to states were too low to motivate compliance. b. the federal government lacked bureaucratic manpower to analyze the data it demanded the states collect for it. c. the questionable constitutionality of the act slowed state agencies' desire to follow it. d. states were allowed to set their own standards for what constituted acceptable student performance. e. too many tasks necessary for implementing the law were outsourced to private for-profit education companies.
D
188. At the Constitutional Convention, those who opposed the creation of national courts believed that a. unelected judges would not be responsive to the public will. b. judges would too frequently make the wrong rulings. c. judges would make law rather than interpret it. d. federal courts would usurp the authority of state courts. e. different levels of courts would cause confusion regarding interpretation of the law.
D
191. Which justice famously wrote in the Marbury v. Madison decision, "It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is"? a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Jay c. Oliver Ellsworth d. John Marshall e. James Madison
D
200. A violation of public order is called a a. civil dispute. b. breach of contract. c. tort. d. crime. e. public disturbance
D
202. If a divorcing couple disagrees over how to split their property and custody of their children, they may bring up a _________ case. a. criminal b. federal c. statutory d. civil e. None of the above is true.
D
205. When a case is adjudicated by a court judgment, such rulings set precedents that judges rely on in future, similar cases. This is known as the English system of a. plea bargaining. b. equity. c. statutory construction. d. common law. e. settlement.
D
227. A powerful but rarely used check and balance over the Supreme Court is a. the president's ability to veto opinions on which he disagrees. b. the president's ability to automatically retire one justice during his term. c. Congress's ability order the Court to rehear a case. d. Congress's ability to change the Court's appellate jurisdiction. e. None of the above is true
D
229. Cases involving _________ represent a substantial portion of the Court's docket but receive comparably little public attention. a. social issues such as the death penalty and affirmative action b. ambassadors and other foreign officials c. disputes between states d. business e. marijuana possession
D
23. Information about a representative's personal life cannot be included in _________, but can be on __________. a. official mailings; congressional websites b. YouTube videos; Twitter accounts c. Facebook posts; congressional websites d. official mailings; Twitter accounts e. Twitter accounts; Facebook
D
231. In a case between a large grocery vendor and the Federal Trade Commission, entities sympathetic to the vendor who are not official parties to the suit file supporting briefs for the vendor's position. This is known as a. stare decisis. b. a writ of mandamus. c. certiorari. d. amicus curiae. e. infringement.
D
232. In 2012, the Supreme Court scheduled an unusual __________ hours of argument concerning three cases challenging the constitutionality of Obamacare. a. two b. three c. four d. six e. ten
D
233. Supreme Court oral arguments are typically conducted a. year round. b. from July through September. c. from January through March. d. from October through April. e. from May through August.
D
238. Agreement with a judgment for different reasons from those set forth in the majority opinion is known as a. dissent. b. judicial activism. c. judicial restraint. d. concurrence. e. judicial review.
D
239. Which of the following has not been proposed as an important function for the chief justice? a. Formation of the Supreme Court's case docket b. Directing the Court's conferences c. Generating solidarity within the Court d. Serving as the president's unofficial lobbyist within the Court e. Providing policy and intellectual leadership
D
243. President Obama's second appointee to the Supreme Court, Elena Kagan, had been serving a. on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. b. as the Attorney General of Maryland. c. as the State's Attorney for New York City. d. as Obama's solicitor general. e. as a U.S. Senator representing Pennsylvania.
D
245. The idea that the courts are a policymaking branch of government and that the individual values and interests of judges should reflect the different values and interests of the population at large is most consistent with a. majoritarian democracy. b. direct democracy. c. the elite model of the American system. d. pluralist democracy. e. liberal democracy
D
25. In the 2011-2012 session, there were _________ women in the United States Senate. a. two b. three c. nine d. seventeen e. twenty-three
D
28. The Supreme Court has made all but which of the following rulings concerning race and redistricting? a. Use of racial gerrymandering to protect incumbents can violate the Voting Rights Act. b. Race is not an illegitimate consideration in drawing boundaries, so long as it is not the dominant factor. c. Use of gerrymandering to increase minority representation can violate the rights of whites. d. Excessive racial gerrymandering violates the First Amendment's right of political association. e. All of the above are true.
D
29. In 2011, __________ was introduced in the House that would expand federal prosecution of "acts of electronic monitoring, including spyware, bugging, and video surveillance." a. the Online Security Act b. the Harold Sassen Anti Online Bullying Act c. the Online Harassment Act d. the STALKERS Act e. the Cyber Privacy Act
D
39. The minority counterpart to a committee chairperson is called a a. ranking majority member. b. vice chairperson. c. minority whip. d. ranking minority member. e. ranking assistant chair.
D
48. It is often difficult for congressional party leaders to control rank-and-file members of Congress because a. members of Congress have independent electoral bases in their districts and states. b. members of Congress receive the vast bulk of their campaign funds from nonparty sources. c. members of Congress don't spend much time in Washington. d. Options A and B are true. e. None of the above is true.
D
49. A dispute over floor debate procedures in the House would be settled by a. the House Ways and Means Committee. b. the bill's author. c. unanimous consent. d. the Rules Committee. e. the standing committee from which the bill originated.
D
50. In the Senate, the starting time, length, and conditions of debate on legislation are set by a. the vice president, as presiding officer. b. the majority party leadership. c. the Senate Rules Committee. d. unanimous consent agreements. e. the bill's author.
D
57. The national parties continue to be strong forces in the legislative process because a. they control the nomination of House and Senate candidates. b. they provide most of the funding for House and Senate campaigns. c. they determine who will get prime office space in the Capitol buildings. d. party leaders can help rank-and-file members get on preferred committees and climb the leadership ladder. e. they often write and initiate proposed legislation.
D
104. One of President Lyndon Johnson's biographers argues that Johnson had trouble extricating the United States from Vietnam because a. Congress had issued a declaration of war. b. Congress passed the War Powers Act. c. Dr. Martin Luther King supported the war. d. Options A and B are true. e. of insecurities about his masculinity.
E
114. A situation in which government is incapable of acting on important issues is best defined as a. polarization. b. divided government. c. government by mandate. d. partisanship. e. gridlock.
E
122. _________ called the global war against terrorism his number one priority, sending military troops to both Afghanistan and Iraq. a. John F. Kennedy b. Gerald Ford c. Ronald Reagan d. Bill Clinton e. George W. Bush
E
124. During the Cuban missile crisis, President Kennedy's response to the Soviet Union was a. an economic embargo of the Soviet Union. b. a limited missile strike on Cuba. c. an armed invasion of Cuba. d. a United Nations censure. e. a naval blockade of Cuba.
E
126. The text suggests President Kennedy backed a CIA plan for a rebel invasion of Cuba because a. the CIA provided him with misleading information regarding the logistics of the assault. b. he had such contempt for the Castro regime. c. members of his cabinet withheld critical intelligence on the training of the rebels. d. members of Congress were unanimously behind the plan. e. he was unaware of the fact that the success of the plan depended on immediate uprisings by the Cuban population.
E
13. The power to declare war resides with the a. Senate only. b. president only. c. House of Representatives alone. d. Armed Services Committee. e. House and Senate together.
E
137. The Department of Homeland Security was formed in response to the a. Pearl Harbor bombing of 1941. b. urban riots of the 1960s. c. student protests of the 1970s. d. Oklahoma City bombing in 1994. e. 9/11 attacks.
E
139. The biggest units of the executive branch are termed _________ and are headed by __________. a. bureaus; vice presidents b. departments; trustees c. agencies; aldermen d. bureaus; trustees e. departments; secretaries
E
141. The department with the largest number of civilian employees in 2010 was the a. State Department. b. Labor Department. c. Education Department. d. Interior Department. e. Defense Department.
E
142. Which of the following is not a current cabinet department? a. Education b. Energy c. Agriculture d. Justice e. Pensions
E
143. One tactic presidents and Congress adopt when they try and cut government is to a. conduct embarrassing audits to build public opinion for reform. b. reduce the number of bureaucrats without reducing programs. c. hire nonprofit or private contractors. d. package unpopular spending cuts together with popular ones. e. Options B and C are true
E
147. If Congress is unhappy with an agency's actions, Congress can a. pass laws invalidating specific policies. b. reduce an agency's discretion. c. provide more guidance to the bureaucracy. d. threaten to cut the agency's budget. e. Options A, B, and C are true.
E
150. Which of the following EU countries did not fall into catastrophic levels of debt by the early 2010s? a. Greece b. Ireland c. Portugal d. Spain e. Finland
E
152. Government corporations are most likely to be created when a service is for the public good and a. the government can make a profit from engaging in it. b. healthy competition exists between government and the private sector. c. there is the danger of corporate monopoly if the government fails to act. d. large numbers of government employees are already trained in the service. e. private industry cannot profitably provide the service.
E
156. The purpose of the Pendleton Act of 1883 was to a. provide public funding for presidential campaigns. b. create the Central Intelligence Agency. c. create government corporations. d. establish the Justice Department. e. reduce patronage by creating a civil service.
E
158. About _________ of national government workers are employed outside the Washington area. a. 15 percent b. 25 percent c. 45 percent d. 65 percent e. 85 percent
E
169. The 2009 regulations by the Department of Transportation on the airline industry a. resulted in cost spikes for airline passengers and was repealed within a year. b. led to increased flight delays and missed connections throughout 2010. c. had the unintended consequence of increasing the average tarmac wait. d. led to a wave of airline mergers in the following six months. e. worked well, reducing tarmac strandings from 664 to just 16 instances.
E
172. Often, the theoretically correct, or rational, policy is not enacted because a. administrators lack the discretion to adopt rational policies. b. bureaucrats, as humans, behave irrationally. c. administrative rules hinder consideration of all options. d. the policy will result in too much job loss. e. the "right" policy is politically unacceptable.
E
180. Implementation of policies is often difficult because of all but which of the following reasons? a. The policy to be carried out is not always clearly stated. b. Policy directives to bureaucrats sometimes leave them with too much discretion. c. Implementation involves many different agencies and layers of government. d. Public policy problems can be extremely complex. e. After policies are implemented, they must still undergo the development stage.
E
189. Which of the following statements regarding courts in the early years of the Republic is incorrect? a. The federal judiciary was not a particularly powerful branch of government. b. It was difficult to recruit Supreme Court justices. c. Supreme Court justices spent much of their time traveling throughout the circuits. d. Several distinguished statesmen refused to serve on the Supreme Court. e. None of the above is true.
E
190. At stake in the Marbury v. Madison decision was whether William Marbury a. was entitled to financial relief for damage to his reputation. b. was eligible for election to the U.S. House of Representatives. c. had been unjustly tried twice for the same offense. d. had committed treason against the United States. e. had a legal right to be hired as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia
E
192. With its ruling in the case Marbury v. Madison, the U.S. Supreme Court established a. the right of federal courts to hear state disputes. b. the power of Congress to create additional federal courts. c. the authority of the president to use a line-item veto on appropriations. d. that state courts could not apply federal laws. e. that the courts could review laws to determine whether they conflicted with the Constitution.
E
197. Supreme Court justices serve a. two-year terms. b. four-year terms. c. ten-year terms. d. sixteen-year terms. e. for life.
E
2. In early 2011, majoritarian rule by the Republican party was undercut by a. internal divisions within the Republican members of Congress. b. the need of elected Republicans to be responsive to their constituents as well as to party leadership. c. the separation of powers between the House and Senate. d. the possibility of a government shutdown. e. All of the above are true.
E
20. An incumbent advantage that permits members of Congress to keep in touch with constituents by sending mailings at the taxpayer's expense is known as a. casework. b. reciprocity. c. postal privilege. d. communication allowance. e. the franking privilege.
E
211. The U.S. Courts of Appeal, with 167 full-time judgeships, received over __________ new cases in 2011. a. 10,000 b. 5,000 c. 2,000 d. 30,000 e. 55,000
E
214. Appellate court proceedings may include a. witnesses. b. juries. c. cross-examination. d. jurors. e. oral arguments.
E
223. Supreme Court cases must a. pass through district courts. b. involve a constitutional issue. c. resolve a dispute between different state laws. d. begin in state courts. e. raise a federal question.
E
224. Most requests for cases to be heard by the Supreme Court take the form of petitions for a. stare decisis. b. lex legis. c. oyez. d. concordance. e. certiorari.
E
228. Supreme Court review is granted to a case a. at the discretion of the chief justice. b. only by a unanimous vote of all justices. c. at the request of any one justice. d. when the district and appellate court rulings disagree. e. by the permission of any four justices.
E
36. The committee created in 2011 to issue recommendations for reducing the deficit, which included members from both the House and Senate, is an example of a(n) a. standing committee. b. subcommittee. c. joint committee. d. conference committee. e. select committee.
E
52. The current record for the longest filibuster, by Republican Strom Thurmond, is a. six hours, fifteen minutes. b. nine hours, ten minutes. c. twelve hours, forty-one minutes. d. eighteen hours, thirty-five minutes. e. twenty-four hours, eighteen minutes.
E
56. The text identifies _________ as an important "external source of influence" on Congress. a. parties b. the president c. constituents d. interest groups e. All of the above are true.
E
58. The "trustee" role of congressional voting is commonly associated with the political philosopher a. John Rawls. b. Hegel. c. David Hume. d. J.S. Mill. e. Edmund Burke.
E
60. Which of the following voting behaviors by a representative indicates delegate behavior? a. Voting with the representative's party on an issue b. Voting with the president on a bill if the president promises to campaign for that representative at reelection time c. Voting the way the representative thinks best, even if the vote is against the wishes of a large number of constituents, because the representative knows that no matter which way the vote is cast, a large number of constituents will be offended d. Trading votes on an issue of low importance with another House member to gain a voting favor on another bill e. Voting according to the results of a telephone survey regarding the preference of district constituents
E
63. If legislators tend to act as delegates, congressional policymaking a. is more pluralistic. b. is less tied to narrower interests of districts and states. c. reflects bargaining among lawmakers. d. always reflects majority interests. e. Options A and C are true.
E
65. Parliamentary governments most closely fit the _________ model of democracy. a. pluralist b. pure c. direct d. separation-of-powers e. majoritarian
E
66. In 2011 congressional parties formally banned _________, which are pork-barrel projects that benefit specific districts or states. a. categorical funds b. by-lines c. redactions d. delineations e. earmarks
E
79. Presidential vetoes tend to increase when a. it is the president's second term. b. the Supreme Court exercises judicial review with some frequency. c. members of the House and Senate are facing an election. d. the legislation involves civil rights. e. the opposite party controls Congress.
E
80. Which of the following wars was fought without a formal congressional declaration of war? a. The War of 1812 b. The Spanish-American War c. World War I d. World War II e. The Vietnam War
E
92. President Nixon's imposition of wage and price controls was an example of a. the constitutional provision that the president "shall regulate the economy." b. an inherent power. c. unconstitutional powers. d. commander-in-chief powers. e. a congressional delegation of power to the president.
E
94. The Executive Office of the President employs around __________ individuals, and has an annual budget of $500 million. a. 3,000 b. 1,000 c. 9,000 d. 800 e. 2,000
E
