POS MIDTERM
John Locke's views on government are expressed in
Utopia.
According to the text, politicians openly call for more order
during times of social strife.
The constitutional amendment process requires
extraordinary majorities.
The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states was
the omission of a bill of rights.
An underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because
these two values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously.
Anarchism is the political opposite of
totalitarianism.
To date, all constitutional amendments have been proposed by
two-thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.
Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51 each argue, from different angles, that the constitution combats
tyranny of the majority.
To amend the Articles of Confederation required a(n)
unanimous vote of the Confederation Congress.
According to the text, it is difficult for a country with a market economy to remain _________ in its internal politics.
undemocratic
The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making is
universal participation.
The idea that all adults within the boundaries of a political community should be allowed to vote is known as
universal participation.
The _________ was a governing document that failed because it did not provide an effective means for the government to raise money, it did not include an independent leader to direct the government, and it did not give the government the power to regulate commerce.
Articles of Confederation
The online communication channels that allow citizens to register opinions and complaints to government officials is called
E-government.
The Federalist Papers were drafted by
Madison, Hamilton, and Jay
Two nations with deep ties to the principle of communism that have moved in the direction of more private property are
Russia and China.
Which political philosopher expressed the sentiment that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short?"
Thomas Hobbes
Government actions that are commonly engaged in by the U.S. government include
building interstate roads.
The principle of responsiveness requires that legislators
follow the general contours of public opinion
Since the overthrow of its military strongman Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has experienced
lawlessness
An important problem with the procedural view of democracy is that it can clash with
minority rights.
A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as the__________ clause.
necessary and proper
New England town meetings are an example of
participatory democracy.
an election on a public policy issue is called a(n)
referenda.
Most democracies give power to
representatives.
The Bill of Rights is at the core of our
substantive theories of democracy.
according to procedural theory, the government should do
whatever the majority wants.
The Bill of Rights consists of the first __________ amendments to the Constitution. a. five
10
Before it could take effect, the Constitution had to be ratified by __________ states.
9
In a globalized world we are sometimes closely tied through trade to former enemies. In 2014-2015, which country supplied nearly one-third of foreign students in American educational institutions?
China
__________ allows a person to acquire information and documents online and also provides a medium to register opinions and complaints to government officials.
E-government
Supporters of the Constitution named themselves
Federalists.
The _________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks.
Fourteenth Amendment
The concept of democracy was initially defined centuries ago in ancient
Greece.
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson's statement that "all men are created equal" is similar to which theorist's belief that government is based on the "consent of the governed"?
John Locke
Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?
John Locke
Which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism?
Karl Marx
Protection of private property is NOT a valid objective of government according to
Karl Marx.
_____are more likely to favor generous government support for education and housing.
Liberals
The Supreme Court first declared that the courts have the power to overturn government acts that conflict with the Constitution in
Marbury v. Madison.
The first fighting in the American Revolution happened in ________ in early 1775.
Massachusetts
What rules govern the use of referenda at the federal level?
No provisions exist for the use of referenda at the federal level.
_________ theory implies that a group should determine what the majority of its participants want to do.
Procedural
_____ addresses the questions "Who should participate in decision making? and How many votes are needed to reach a decision?"
Procedural democratic theory
In 1787, a Boston newspaper derisively referred to "Rogue Island" instead of Rhode island because
Rhode Island was the only state that did not send delegates to the meeting in Philadelphia.
D emocratic governments that have in the decades since World War II been, at times, avowedly socialist include
Sweden and Germany
Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?
The Articles of Confederation
Which document proclaimed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights"?
The Declaration of Independence
According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?
There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.
The main positive result of the Annapolis Convention was
a call for a larger meeting of the states,with a broader mission.
A confederation can best be described as
a loose association of independent states.
National sovereignty is defined as
a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs.
Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was
a single ruler with unquestioned authority.
A ccording to the text, in the past few years, there has been ________ in the number of democracies around the world.
a slight decline
The Great Compromise provided for
a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other.
One example of government focus on equality of outcome is
affirmative action programs.
A pure ____ would even protest traffic laws.
anarchist
When compared with the U.S. Constitution, most American state constitutions
are longer and more detailed.
I n his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage
be raised to $10.10.
Studies of the congressional agenda of the United States demonstrate that it is characterized by an emphasis on
business-related legislation.
Whether a political system is "democratic" is chiefly defined by which of the following?
cannot be simply defined as it is not a "yes or no" question
The power of the president to veto laws is an example of
checks and balances.
Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of
checks and balances.
legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior.
chemical weapons
Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to
choose freedom over equality.
In a system of participatory democracy,
citizens govern themselves, without electing representatives.
The basic standard of substantive democracy is that government must guarantee
civil rights and liberties.
Documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the National Security Agency had
collected data on domestic phone conversations of ordinary Americans.
The Greek word demos, which is the root of the term democracy, means
common people.
According to the text, only libertarians and ____________ are consistent in their attitude toward the scope of government activity.
communitarians
Americans are likely to think of freedom and equality as
complementary.
The original draft of the Declaration of Independence
condemned the king's support of the slave trade.
_________ theorists have a narrower view of the scope of social and economic rights that should be guaranteed by a d emocratic government than _________ theorists.
conservative,liberal
Under the Constitution, the slave trade
could be ended after twenty years.
The text suggests that the United States struggled to promote democracy in countries that
could not accept high degree of tolerance and freedom allowed to all groups in society.
A politician who appeals to and often deceives the masses by manipulating their emotions and prejudices is a(n)
demagogue.
During his 2016 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders had difficulty explaining his political views as a
democratic socialist.
deciding on the legality of marijuana through ballot propositions is an example of
direct democracy.
The text suggests that there are _________ forces that may be pushing authoritarian governments toward democratization.
economic
Capitalism is best described as a(n)
economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum of government interference.
Suppose that top government jobs for both political parties are filled only from an inner circle of top corporate leaders. This would be evidence for
elite theory.
The idea that the most important government decisions are made by an identifiable and stable minority that shares certain characteristics -- particularly wealth and business connections -- is called
elite theory.
Article I, Section 8 of the constitution articulates the principle of _________, granting Congress limited powers.
enumerated powers
The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of
equality of opportunity.
When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called
equality of opportunity.
If universities increase funding for women's sports so that they receive comparable funding to men's, that is an example of
equality of outcome.
Communitarians are willing to use government to promote both order and
equality.
Social order is usually defined as
established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior.
A sign that pluralist democracy might NOT be working well in the United States is the
fact that the best represented sectors in Washington are business and professional groups.
Shays's Rebellion consisted of
farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for high taxes levied to finance the state's wartime debt.
The main disadvantage of the pluralist model is that it
favors groups who need help the least.
Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve
for life.
During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between
freedom and equality.
Communist regimes that gave their police great powers to arrest and imprison suspicious people raised a conflict between
freedom and order.
Franklin Roosevelt's four freedoms included all of the following except
freedom from inequality.
Which of the following is not categorized as a civil liberty in the United States?
freedom of equality
Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on
he philosophy of Karl Marx.
The procedural view of democracy is most concerned with
how government decisions are made.
The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?
implied
A citizen's group gathers enough signatures on a petition to force a popular vote on a statewide lottery proposal. This proposal would represent a(n)
initiative.
When citizens circulate petitions to gather a certain minimum number of signatures to put a policy question on the ballot, it is called a(n)
initiative.
When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization," they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly
interdependent
Any organization of individuals formed on the basis of common interest to influence public policy is called a(n)
interest group.
Although they are instruments of majoritarian democracy, initiatives are often sponsored by
interest groups.
What Madison called factions, are today called
interest groups.
One of the weaknesses of the procedural model of democracy is that
it permits policies that violate standards of substantive democracy
The key principle argued in the case Marbury v. Madison was
judicial review.
Studies on decision making concerning public policy issues suggest that much of the elite's power comes from the ability of elites to
keep issues off the political agenda.
Under the U.S. Constitution, the national government
lacks a general police power.
The American Revolution was a costly war that
lasted for 8 years and 5 months.
Government can promote social equality through policies other than income redistribution. According to the text, in 2015, the Supreme Court promoted equality when it held that _____ was/were unconstitutional.
laws banning same-sex marriages
As derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds that government should
leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits.
One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans
left unspecified how many people might comprise the executive.
Article I of the Constitution refers to the
legislative branch.
The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is
legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior.
An American, who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office and wants more restrictions on business owners' hiring decisions, is likely to be a
liberal.
A(n) _____is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice.
libertarian
According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is
libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom.
In 2014, voters in Switzerland approved an initiative to
limit immigration.
According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to
maintain order
A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?
majoritarian model
Cohesive political parties with well-defined programs contribute to the
majoritarian model of democracy.
established procedures and organizations that translate public opinion into government policy, like elections, are known as institutional
mechanisms.
Once ratified, the Constitution was quickly amended with the Bill of Rights to assuage concerns that this new government
might infringe on personal liberty.
All of the following are principles of procedural democracy except
minority rights.
In most democracies other than the United States, there is __________ support for the view that jobs and incomes for the unemployed are a right.
much more
Amendments to the constitution may be proposed by two-thirds votes in both the House and the Senate or by a
national convention.
The text of the Constitution deals with slavery by
not mentioning it directly.
A form of government that puts power in the hands of an elite is a(n)
oligarchy.
An estimated _________ American colonists remained loyal to the British Crown.
one in five
An autocracy is a political system ruled by
one individual.
Which of the following is not one of the political principles relied on by the founders?
one person, one vote
In general, libertarianism is characterized by
opposing all government action except that which protects life and property.
According to the text, the concept of _____ encompasses preserving life, protecting property, and maintaining patterns of social relationships.
order
Using a two-dimensional model of political ideology, conservatives are more likely to support
order over freedom and freedom over equality.
Portland's incorporation of neighborhood associations into its municipal government is an example of
participatory democracy.
While majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, _________ is defined as decision making by most participants.
plurality rule
Each citizen having one vote demonstrates
political equality
A country abiding by the principle "one person, one vote" is practicing
political equality.
A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is a(n)
political ideology.
The Greek word kratos, one of the roots of the word democracy, means
power
Which of the following is not a power granted to the president under the Constitution?
power to declare war
Most governments at least claim to __________ while they maintain order.
preserve individual freedom
According to the ____________ view of democracy, anti-gay marriage laws are democratic.
procedural
Democratization is the
process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one.
The last seventeen amendments to the Constitution fall into three main categories: they make public policy, they correct deficiencies in the government's structure or they
promote equality
The chief goal of the drafters of the Articles of Confederation was to
protect states' rights.
The value of using political concepts in understanding government is that they
provide for a broader view than looking at specific events.
Services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by the voluntary acts of individuals are known as
public goods
Participatory democracy today is
rare in the United States and in other democracies.
Twenty-four states allow for _____ which is a policy question that the state legislature places on the ballot and allows citizens to vote on it.
referenda
In 2015 the government of Ireland held a(an) __________, in which voters legalized gay marriage.
referendum
Although the United States is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through
regulating private businesses.
One primary challenge to democratization in Iraq after the overthrow of dictator Saddam Hussein is the
religious conflict between Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam.
The three-fifths compromise resolved the issue of
representation of slaves.
A republic is a government
resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.
The chief objective of the First Continental Congress was to
restore peaceful relations between the colonies and Great Britain.
Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to
revise the Articles of Confederation.
The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as
separation of powers.
The fifty-five signatories of the Declaration of Independence were courageous in their actions because
signing the Declaration was treason and punishable by hanging and drawing and quartering.
The notion that governmental authority springs from the consent of the governed is derived from
social contract theory.
After the Constitution was amended to permit the federal government to levy a progressive income tax, government could more effectively further the goal of
social equality.
Agreement among substantive theorists breaks down when the discussion moves from civil rights to
social rights and economic rights.
Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that
socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation.
A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing the economy would best be labeled a(n)
socialist.
Hobbes's state of nature refers to
society without government.
National _____ means that each national government is given the right to govern its own people as it wishes and no other nation can interfere with that.
sovereignty
The Daughters of Liberty opposed British rule by
spinning their own cloth rather than buying imported British products.
Among the most undemocratic features of the U.S. Constitution is the
state equality rule.
Freedom of religion or freedom of speech are _________ principles.
substantive
The ____________ view of democracy is likely to see anti-gay marriage laws as undemocratic.
substantive
The anti-gay marriage laws and amendments passed in many states in recent years w ere overturned in by the Supreme Court in 2015. In other words,
substantive democratic theory outweighed procedural democratic theory.
A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would
take a hands-off attitude toward the economy.
The main argument against the need for a bill of rights was that
the Constitution established a government of limited powers; because it was not given the power to regulate individual liberties, no bill of rights was necessary.
Which amendment was repealed by Congress, after the Prohibition that it enacted was an utter failure?
the Eighteenth Amendment
The government's role in redistributing income to promote economic equality has been a major source of debate in the United States ever since
the Great Depression.
Shays's Rebellion was ultimately defeated by
the Massachusetts militia.
Which amendments were the only ones to limit the activities of individuals? a. the First and Eighth Amendments
the Thirteenth and Eighteenth Amendments
An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is
the U.S Supreme Court holding that state laws banning same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.
The plan presented at the Constitutional Convention generally favored b y large states was
the Virginia Plan.
The national government can act on individuals if
the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.
One result of the Second Continental Congress was
the adoption of the Declaration of Independence.
The broad, basic definition of politics given by the text is
the authoritative allocation of values for a society.
The original procedure for selecting the vice president, under the electoral college, was
the candidate with the next-greatest number of votes would become vice president.
Historian Jack Rakove argues that in the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was arguing for
the collective right of revolution and self-government.
Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from __________ to _________.
the mass electorate; organized groups
Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that
the national government it created was too strong.
The ancient Greeks classified governments as autocracies, oligarchies, or democracies based on
the number of citizens involved in governing.
Which model of government does the Constitution best fit?
the pluralist model
in America, when the wealthy and the rest of the population have differing policy goals
the preference of the wealthy will most often prevail.
A major event that led to greater British taxation of American colonies was
the seven years war
Article VI of the constitution contains provisions establishing
the supremacy clause and the no religious test clause.
The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is
their insight into the defense of the Constitution.
Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.
twenty-seven
Although public opinion does not fluctuate erratically, change can occur
when different generations with different experiences enter the electorate.
The desire to avoid potential foreign prosecution of its soldiers and the desire to continue practicing the death penalty led the United States in 2002 to
withdraw from the 1998 treaty creating an International Criminal Court.
Alexander Hamilton is probably best known for
writing the Federalist Papers.
