Possible Questions Chapter 11 - 14

When orange juice manufacturers attempted to expand the various times of day when consumers would see orange juice as an appropriate beverage to consume, they were trying to influence which situation?

usage

With respect to the typology of service environments, a bank would be categorized as

utilitarian

Which of the following is an approach to problem identification?

Activity analysis Product analysis Problem analysis Emotion research

Attitude components tend to be

consistent

Which of the following is an individual factor that can influence attitude change?

consumer knowledge

Which non-marketing factor affects a consumer's desired state?

culture/subculture

Appeal characteristics represent _____ a message is communicated.

how

Relative importance of a problem is determined by which of the following?

how critical the problem is to the maintenance of the lifestyle

Atmosphere is referred to as _____ when describing a service business such as a hospital, bank, or restaurant.

servicescape

To understand a consumer's behavior, we must know about the

- consumer - situation - stimulus object

Emma noticed that she was almost out of gas, so she pulled into the nearest gas station and filled up her tank. Emma's decision on which gas to purchase is characterized by

a low level purchase involvement

The purchase decision and consumption process always occur in the context of

a specific situation

a.) An _____ is the way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time. b.) Bessie is at the grocery store and is trying to remember some of the things she needs to buy. She is in the cleaning products aisle looking at the floor cleaning products. She's pretty sure she has another bottle left at home, so she doesn't purchase another. Bessie's perception of her current situation regarding this product reflects her

actual state

a.) Feelings or emotional reactions to an object reflect the _____ component of an attitude. b.) Kimberly-Clark is interested in mothers' emotional reactions to its Huggies brand of disposable diapers, which usually have popular characters or cute designs printed on them. Which component of attitude is Kimberly-Clark interested in? c.) Janice and her mother were visiting an art gallery, and they were looking at modern art. When they came to one painting, Janice said, "I like that." When her mother asked her why she liked it, all she could say was, "I don't know, I just like it." Which component of attitude does this represent? d.) SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin) is used to assess which component of attitude?

affective

Individuals with independent self-concepts tend to be

autonomous

Carissa is highly involved is a purchase decision for a new car. She has searched the Internet, visited car dealerships, talked to friends and family, and paid attention to advertisements. According to the elaboration likelihood model, by which route is Carissa likely to be persuaded?

central route

The elaboration likelihood model positions two routes to persuasion, which are the

central route and peripheral route

a.) The situation in which consumers receive information has an impact on their behavior and is referred to as the _____ situation. b.) In which situation do marketers attempt to place their ads in appropriate media contexts to enhance their effectiveness?

communications

a.) Which situation involves consumers disposing of products or product packages after or before product use? b.) Decisions made by consumers regarding the _______ can create significant social problems as well as opportunities for marketers. c.) Walker and his wife have two children. They have purchased a new computer for their household every four years or so for almost 20 years. When Walker purchases a new one, usually for him to be able to work at home, one of his children will get the old one. However, they have a few old computers sitting in the attic and garage because Walker doesn't really know how to get rid of them. This is an example of which type of situation?

disposition situation

Which of the following is a theory about how attitudes are formed and changed under varying conditions of involvement?

elaboration liklihood model

Which of the following is a negative emotion influenced by both the product (e.g., hearing aids, feminine hygiene products) and the situation?

embarassment

a.) Very high levels of purchase involvement tend to produce b.) Which type of consumer decision making involves the evaluation of many attributes and alternatives and employs complex decision rules?

extended decision making

Carla and her family lost their home and everything in it in a fire. People would console her by saying that at least her family was not harmed and that everything else can be replaced. She would reply, "I know it was just stuff, but it was our stuff and was special to us." This is reflecting

extended self

Which type of search can involve independent sources, personal sources, marketer-based information ,and product experience?

external search

Nominal decision making is also referred to as

habitual decision making

Beiersdorf is working to have their Nivea for Men brand introduced and publicized inAmerica in order to

have men recognize a problem with respect to facial care

a.) Marcie will soon be 50 years old, so to pamper herself, she decided to get a massage. With respect to the typology of service environments, this type of service would be categorized as b.) Would refer to a cruise:

hedonic

How does music influence consumer behavior?

influences mood

a.) Which type of self-concept emphasizes family, cultural, professional, and social relationships? b.) Individuals with which type of self-concept tend to be obedient, socio-centric, holistic, connected, and relation oriented? c.) Barbara derives the meaning of herself from her relationships with her family. She has never sought a career of her own, and she is most happy when she is "taking care of someone." If her grandchildren do not like what is prepared for dinner, she will make them something else. Which type of self-concept does Barbara have?

interdependent self-concept

Which of the following also includes a situation-specific component?

involvement

Which of the following is considered an outward expression of ones self-concept?

lifestyle

a.) Which type of decision making involves internal and external search, few alternatives, simple decision rules on a few attributes, and little post-purchase evaluation? b.) Marla is bored with her cell phone. She wants to purchase a new one that has cool ring tones and can take a picture. She's not going to conduct a big search for a new phone as she's just going to consider a few others. Which type of decision making is this?

limited decision making

a.) Transient feeling states that are generally not tied to a specific event or object are known as b.) A market research study asked consumers to rate themselves with respect to several adjectives, such as happy, cheerful, peaceful, sad, blue, and depressed. What is this research trying to assess?

moods

a.) Which type of consumer decision making only includes the stages of problem recognition, limited internal information search, purchase, and limited postpurchase behavior? b.) Which type of consumer decision making does NOT include alternative evaluation? c.) Which type of decision-making process in effect involves no decision per se?

nominal decision making

The situation interacts with the marketing activity and the individual to determine behavior. Which of the following is a marketing activity?

package

An experience that surpasses the usual level of intensity, meaningfulness, and richness and produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment is known as a

peak experience

a.) _______ is the result of a discrepancy between the desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process? b.) Tess noticed that she was almost out of shampoo. Which stage of the decision process will this observation activate?

problem recognition

Which approach to problem recognition examines the purchase or use of a particular product or brand?

product analysis

Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as_____, and is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle.

psychographics

a.) Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a consumer believing that all brands within a given product category are about the same and not attaching much importance to the product category or purchase? b.) Rita is doing her family's grocery shopping and purchases ice cream. She's purchased Blue Bell ice cream before and purchases it again. She's not committed to these brands just that she and her family like it. Which type of nominal decision is this?

repeat purchase decision

All those factors particular to a time and place that do not follow from knowledge of the stable attributes of the consumer and the stimulus and that have an effect on current behavior are known as

situational influence

a.) The other individuals present in a particular situation are referred to as the b.) Jessica and her friends are 16 years old like to shop at Aeropostale, which is a clothing store targeted to teens and young adults. They like to go to that store because there are usually some pretty cute guys working and shopping there. Even though there are some parents shopping with their teens, the other customers are usually teens like themselves. The other individuals present in this store represent the c.) Mimi is a teenager and wants to be accepted by her friends. In fact, she might act a certain way not because she really wants to, but rather, she does it because others around her are doing it. The influence these others have on Mimi represents which situational characteristic?

social surroundings

The sum of all the physical features of a retail environment is referred to as the

store atmosphere

a.) Which of the following is a situational characteristic? b.) Sharon has to purchase a gift for her mother and only has this afternoon to do so because her birthday party is that evening. She's wondering how she will be able get to the mall in time to pick out the perfect gift. This is an illustration of which situation characteristic?

temporal perspective

A completely nominal decision does not even include consideration of

the "do not purchase" alternative

What is the most common measurement approach to measuring self-concept?

semantic differential

Which of the following can be a component of a multi-attribute model?

- A consumer's attitude toward a particular brand - A consumer's belief about how a brand performs on a given attribute - The importance the consumer attaches to an attribute - A consumer's ideal level of performance on an attribute

Which of the following is a dimension of a consumer's self-concept?

- Actual self-concept - Ideal self-concept - Private self-concept - Social self-concept

Which of the following is an approach used by marketers to increase consumers' affect toward their brand?

- Classical conditioning - Create a positive affect toward the ad or website - Mere exposure

Which of the following is a situation in which consumer behavior occurs?

- Communications situation - Purchase situation - Usage situation - Disposition situation

A store's atmosphere can influence which of the following?

- Consumers' judgments of the quality of the store - Store's image - Shoppers' moods - Shoppers' willingness to visit and linger

Shopping on the Internet provides which important time-related dimension(s)?

- It has the potential to reduce the amount of time required to make a specific purchase. - It provides the consumer with almost total control over when the purchase is made.

Which of the following is a factor that may account for inconsistencies between measures of beliefs and feelings and observations of behavior?

- Lack of need - Failure to consider relative attitudes - Failure to consider the interpersonal influence - Failure to consider situational factors Which is NOT: failure to consider personal reactions

Which group needs to understand how situational influences affect consumers' disposition decisions?

- Marketers - Government - Environmental organizations

Online marketers attempt simulate "touch" by creating a(n) _____.

- Online simulated experience - Virtual direct experience - Enhanced content, such as videos for experiential products - Ability to experience products in a virtual context

Which of the following is a non-marketing factor affecting problem recognition?

- Social status - Past decisions - Motives - Situation

Self-image congruity influences on brand preference and choice depend on which of the following?

- individual factors - product factors - situational factors

Generally speaking, compared to attitudes formed under the peripheral route, attitudes formed under the central route tend to be

- stronger - more resistant to counter persuasion attempts - more accessible from memory - more predictive of behavior

How many PRIZM segments are there?

66

Which of the following statements adequately reflects the concept of attitude component consistency?

A change in ones attitude component tends to produce related changes in the other components.

a.) A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object is known as a(n) b.) Caleb learned from his parents that littering was bad, so when he sees someone doing it, he forms an unfavorable impression of that person. Caleb's learned predisposition to dislike someone who litters represents his:

Attitude

Mitch likes Toyota automobiles because he thinks they have the highest reliability of all automobiles. His belief about Toyota's reliability represents which component of Mitch's attitude?

Cognitive

a.) A(n) _____ is the way an individual wants to feel or be at the present time. b.) Candice is on a diet and wants to lose 10 pounds. She wants to be thin right now,which represents her

Desired State

Crowding generally produces which outcome for the retail outlet and the consumer?

Generally negative outcomes for both

Simply presenting a brand to an individual on a large number of occasions to make the individual's attitude toward the brand more positive is known as _____.

Mere Exposure

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding problem recognition?

Only when the desired state is greater than the actual state will a problem exist.

Dana is watching television when a commercial for a brand of bathroom cleaner comes on. She is not very interested in the product category, but the ad was entertaining and made her laugh. As a result, she had a positive attitude toward the brand of cleaner advertised. According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion influenced Dana?

Peripheral route

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the central route to persuasion in the elaboration likelihood model?

Persuasion operates through classical conditioning. (This is false)

Which of the following is NOT a primary motivation on which the VALS typology is based?

Realist Motivation

a.) Stacy is shopping to purchase new linens for her guest room. Which situational characteristic is influencing her behavior? b.) A person who shops a nicer store than normal because he or she is buying a gift is influenced by the _____ characteristic of the situation.

Task definition

Which of the following drives problem recognition?

The consumers perception of the actual state

Which approach to problem identification focuses on a particular activity such as lawn maintenance?

activity analysis

a.) Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now? b.) Renee sat down and did some serious soul searching. She wanted to understand her perception of her self-concept of who she is now. Renee is searching for her

actual self-concept

James is giving his cousin, Conor, a new video game for his birthday. Which of the following is the most likely reason James is giving this gift?

because it is a ritualized consumption experience

Which component of attitude represents one's tendency to respond in a certain manner toward an object or activity?

behavioral

a.) Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a fairly high degree of product involvement but a low degree of purchase involvement? b.) Brad was out of soft drinks in his dorm room, so he went to the store and purchasedCoke. This is the brand he always buys, and he would not even consider purchasing another brand. Which type of nominal decision does this illustrate?

brand loyal decision

Nominal decisions can be broken into which two distinct categories?

brand loyal decisions and repeat purchase decisions

Which type of consumer problem is one on which the consumer is not aware?

inactive

Which type of self-concept emphasizes personal goals, characteristics, achievements, and desires?

independent self-concept

One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between _____ and _____ - which is also related to an important value dimension in the U.S. and abroad.

independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

Some consumers are highly susceptible to interpersonal influence, which is a

personality trait

What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers?

primary motivation and resources

a.) Which dimension of self refers to how I am or would like to be to myself? b.) Kerri is searching within herself and trying to determine how she would like to be to herself. Kerri is seeking her

private self concept

a.) The totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself or herself as an object is known as b.) Jay sees herself as a loving, caring mother and wife. She also sees herself as an accomplished professional. Finally, she sees herself as a good citizen and devoutly religious person who takes the concerns of others seriously and tries to make the world a better place for those less fortunate than her and her family. This totality of Jay's thoughts and feelings about herself is known as her

self concept

Mark is developing the marketing strategy for his business, which is a retail store. He knows that situation characteristics will interact with his marketing activity. Which of the following is a situation characteristic he needs to

task definition

One study found that wedding gifts tend to be _____ while birthday gifts tend to be _____.

utilitarian ; fun