PP*nutrition chap 12

vitamin D

A breastfed infant should be given which dietary supplement?

illness, injury, or reactions.

FDA does track reports of what

General information "Supplement Facts" panel Health claims Selected approved health claims Qualified health claims Selected qualified health claims

FDA requires that manufacturers list certain details about their products on the label. what are they

healthy adults

For which of the following situations is the use of a multivitamin or multimineral supplement NOT justified by scientific evidence of a beneficial effect?

1. individuals who are on restricted diets 2. women who are pregnant with twins 3. individuals who are alcohol-dependent drinkers

For which of the following situations is the use of a multivitamin or multimineral supplement justified by scientific evidence of a beneficial effect?

Generally Recognized as Safe

GRAS stands for:

are in good health

Most individuals in the United States who take supplements:

antioxidant

Phytochemicals have _____ or hormone-like properties which help to reduce the risk of disease.

health claim

The following statement is an example of which type of claim? "Diets that are high in fiber from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, may reduce the risk of certain cancers."

manufacturer information

What information would NOT be found on a Supplement Facts Panel?

1. serving size 2. health or structure/function claim 3. ingredients

What information would be found on a Supplement Facts Panel?

Before they are sent to market, prescription drugs must undergo rigorous safety standards set by the FDA, whereas dietary supplements do not undergo this scrutiny.

What is a fundamental difference between dietary supplements and prescription drugs?

Food Safety Modernization Act

What law expanded the authority of the FDA to oversee new dietary ingredients?

calcium

Which nutrient would NOT be considered a phytonutrient?

blood cholesterol

margarine with plant sterols added to lower what

reduced risk of eye disease and some cancers

tomatoes are naturally an excellent source of the phytochemicals lutein and lycopene that are associated with what

cardiovascular

what are the possible benefits of hawthorn

anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic effects

what are the possible benefits of holy basil

protection against liver damage, anti-ulcer effects

what are the possible benefits of licorice root

laxative

what are the possible benefits of senna

treatment of mild to moderate depression

what are the possible benefits of st. john's wort

bifidobacterium sp. and lactobacillus sp.

what bacterial strains most commonly are accepted as being health promoting

FDA

who are the Supplement manufacturers are required to report serious harmful effects to

United States Pharmacopeia Convention (USP)

who sets standards and provides seals of quality. for supplements

DSHEA (dietary supplement health and education act)

with dietary supplements who is responsible for the regulation

gastrointestinal health

yogurt with live bacterial cultures to promote what

lentils

Which of the following foods is NOT a source of probiotics

bone health

orange juice with added calcium to improve what

probiotics

what are live bacteria that provide health benefits when administered in adequate amounts

Fatigue, diarrhea, hair loss Kidney stones, liver damage, nerve damage, birth defects

what are some Potential adverse effects of high potency supplements

possible liver injury with long-term use

what are the possible adverse effects of black cohosh

diarrhea, low blood glucose

what are the possible adverse effects of fenugreek

may cause mild dizziness, nausea, headache

what are the possible adverse effects of french maritime pine bark (pycnogenol)

decreased clotting

what are the possible adverse effects of garlic

none

what are the possible adverse effects of ginger

none

what are the possible adverse effects of hawthorn

none

what are the possible adverse effects of holy basil

hypertension

what are the possible adverse effects of licorice root

liver failure with excessively high doses

what are the possible adverse effects of senna

hypertension

what are the possible adverse effects of st. john's wort

relief of menopausal sysmptoms

what are the possible benefits of black cohosh

lowers blood glucose and improves insulin sensitivity

what are the possible benefits of fenugreek

antioxidant, decreased hypertension, improved cardiovascular fuction

what are the possible benefits of french maritime pine bark (pycnogenol)

reduction of hypertension and cardiovascular

what are the possible benefits of garlic

reduce nausea and vomiting

what are the possible benefits of ginger

highest risk.

"High potency" supplements appear to pose what

a dietary ingredient not sold in the United States in a dietary supplement before 1994

According to the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, what is considered a "new" dietary ingredient?

they are only whole foods; processed or packaged foods would not meet the criteria.

All of the following are true in regard to functional foods, EXCEPT:

vitamin B12

An individual who is vegan would most likely benefit from which dietary supplement?

50%

Approximately what percent of Americans take dietary supplements?

federally regulated, generally recognized as safe (GRAS)

Dietary ingredients have to be __________ and ____________

Regulated both as food and as drugs

Dietary supplements are:

reports of illness, reactions, or harmful effects.

Dietary supplements in the United States are monitored by the FDA for what

are generally recognized as safe by the FDA.

Dietary supplements that have GRAS status:

a supplement is proven to reduce the risk of disease

Health claims can be made when:

the same approval process as drugs.

Herbal supplements include all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT:

absorption of zinc

High doses of some nutrients may reduce absorption and utilization of other nutrients copper can interfere with what

calcium absorption

High doses of some nutrients may reduce absorption and utilization of other nutrients iron can interfere with what

tend to already have healthful diets adequate in most nutrients.

In the United States, nutrition surveys indicate that the people who are most likely to use dietary supplements:

were in the food supply prior to implementation of DSHEA.

Ingredients in dietary supplements with GRAS status:

were first used in supplements after enactment of DSHEA

New dietary ingredients in supplements are those that:

1. Infants and children (vit D) 2. may become pregnant (folic acid) 3. Pregnant (folic acid, iron, multivitamin) 4. Vegans (vit B12 and D, calcium, iron, zinc) 5. do not consume dairy products (vit D and calcium) 6. > 50 years (vit B12 and D) 7. dark skin (vit D) 8. restricted diets (multivit) 9. Smokers, alcoholics, and some medications (multivit) 10. heavy periods (iron) 11. donate blood, stomach and intestinal conditions (iron)

Supplements may be beneficial for Those who cannot meet their nutritional requirements such as whom

generally chemically identical to vitamins labeled "natural."

Synthetic vitamins are:

quality assurance, potency, purity, or efficacy

The FDA does not monitor supplements for what

1. vitamin E 2. lutein 3. ginseng extract

The amount of which of the following ingredients would be shown on the Supplement Facts Panel

gelatin

The amount of which of the following ingredients would not be shown on the Supplement Facts Panel

multivitamin and multimineral supplements

The most common dietary supplement(s) used by Americans:

structure/function claim

The statement "Diets containing adequate calcium and vitamin D support bone health" is an example of which type of claim?

may exceed the Tolerance Upper Intake Level

The vitamins and minerals found in high-potency supplements:

Choose supplements carefully to avoid interactions with prescription or over-the-counter drugs

When choosing a multivitamin supplement, what should one do?

Ingredients Not Listed Above

Where on the Supplement Facts Panel would you find information on binders, fillers, or flavors?

fenugreek

Which botanical supplement may be recommended for an individual who has diabetes?

Diets high in fiber will prevent colon cancer

Which claim would NOT be acceptable as a structure/function claim?

A diet low in total fat may reduce the risk of some cancers

Which claim would require approval by the FDA before being placed on the supplement label?

Food and Drug Administration

Which governmental agency is responsible for the regulation of dietary supplements

women who may become pregnant

Which individual would likely benefit from consuming a dietary supplement?

Manufacturers of dietary supplements must ensure safety and efficacy of their product without FDA oversight

Which is TRUE regarding dietary supplements?

1. anthocyanins 2. plant sterols 3. calcium 4. lycopene

Which nutrient would be considered a phytonutrient?

vegans - vitamin B12

Which of the following choices CORRECTLY matches an individual's circumstances with the recommended supplement?

Reduces depression

Which of the following claims could NOT appear on a supplement label without FDA approval?

1. Supports prostate and heart health. 2. Promotes fat burning and hormone regulation. 3. Preserves memory and brain health.

Which of the following claims could appear on a supplement label without FDA approval?

1. yogurt 2. buttermilk 3. lentils 4. tempeh

Which of the following foods is a source of probiotics

topical oils

Which of the following is NOT regulated by DSHEA

natural tomato extract

Which of the following is a botanical ingredient contained in a product labeled as a "Tomato Lycopene" supplement?

helps maintain cardiovascular health

Which of the following is an example of an acceptable structure/function claim that might appear on a dietary supplement label?

1. amino acids 2. vitamins 3. herbs

Which of the following is regulated by DSHEA

Green tea may reduce the risk of breast or prostate cancer. The FDA has established there is little scientific evidence for this claim

Which of the following statements would be considered a selected qualified health claim?

Consuming a diet that is adequate in fiber may help to maintain bowel regularity

Which of the following statements would be considered a structure/function claim?

vitamin B12 injection or shot

Which of the following would NOT meet the criteria for being called a "dietary supplement" in the United States

1. omega-3 fish oil capsule 2. multivitamin and mineral tablet 3. chewable children's multivitamin "gummy

Which of the following would meet the criteria for being called a "dietary supplement" in the United States

United States Pharmacopeial Convention

Which organization provides seals of quality for dietary supplements that have been tested

A dietary supplement is a food or substance that supplements the diet and contains one or more dietary ingredients

Which statement best describes the term dietary supplement?

prevent

Which term can be used in a health claim to describe the link between a health condition and a nutrient?

maintain

Which term can be used in a structure/function claim to describe the link between a health condition and a nutrient?

1. treat 2. cure 3. prevent

Which term can not be used in a structure/function claim to describe the link between a health condition and a nutrient?

1. maintain 2. build 3. support

Which terms can not be used in a health claim to describe the link between a health condition and a nutrient?

individuals with absorption issues

Who might benefit from an iron supplement?

individuals with limited food choices

Who might greatly benefit from a multivitamin supplement?

Vegans do not consume animal products such as dairy and meat.

Why might a vegan require dietary supplementation

cardiovascular health

blueberries and blackberries contain high amounts of anthocyanins that promote what