PPR

Sandy got 34 out of 50 questions correct on a sixth-grade science test. Sandy's raw score is __

34 it represents the number of items the student answered correctly on the assessment.

At the beginning of the school year, Mrs. Jackson is reviewing data regarding her fifth-grade students' performance on a variety of assessments, and she encounters grade-equivalent scores. Which of the following represents a grade-equivalent score?

6.1 The score 6.1 is a grade-equivalent score and informs the teacher that the student is performing at a sixth-grade level after the first month of the school year.

Ms. Zhong is examining grades his seventh-grade students earned on a vocabulary test. The grades are: 40, 38, 50, 89, 57, 69, 77, 89, 54, 81, 77, 99, 45, 71, 77 Which of the following answers reflects the mean?

67.5 The mean is the average of all of the grades. The average of all grades is a 67.5. The mean of a set of numbers is their average. You find the average of a set of numbers by adding them up and dividing by the number of numbers you have. So, the mean of the numbers listed is: (40, 38, 50, 89, 57, 69, 77, 89, 54, 81, 77, 99, 45, 71, 77)/15 = 67.5

Mr. Harrison is examining grades his seventh-grade students earned on a vocabulary test. The grades are: 40, 38, 50, 89, 57, 69, 77, 89, 54, 81, 77, 99, 45, 71, 77 Which of the following answers reflect the median grade?

71 Median number that appears in the middle of all other grades

Which of the following tasks would promote students' intrinsic motivation?

A social studies teacher allows students to select a historical figure for a class report. Providing opportunities for choice makes learning relevant and motivating. This answer choice provides opportunities for students to explore their interests. This approach specifically targets student strengths and interests.

Mrs McCaffery is discussing typical sequence of physical development in adolescence. Shes aware that the timing and rate at which puberty occurs vary widely. These differences mean that some of McCafferys students may be completely mature while others have not begun puberty When McCafferey sends three week progress reports home one third of her students are failing. She wonders if physiological needs may be playing a role in her students lack of academic achivement. Whihc of the following best describes the role of physiological needs in student academic performance

A student with unment physiological needs may show little interest in academic performance

A middle school English language arts teacher is working to determine why her student, Johnny, struggles with comprehension. Which of the following assessment formats would most likely provide the information she needs?

An informal reading inventory incorporates authentic reading tasks which provide insight into reasons a reader may be struggling with comprehension. For example, through informal observation during the assessment, the teacher may learn that Jonny reads slowly or that he does not decode accurately.

A second grade teacher has several struggling readers performing below grade level. Which of the following steps would the teacher take in order to individualize instruction

Assess students in order to identify strengths and weaknesses

Evaluation BT

Assessing theories; comparing ideas; solving

cognitive theory

Cognitive theory has been used to explain mental processes as they are influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which eventually bring about learning in an individual.

A fifth grade English teacher would like her students to use a variety of communication tools to complete a project related to a book study. Her goal is for the students to use computer based tools to demonstrate 21st century literacy skills. Which of the following projects align with her goal

Create a book trailer using a technology tool

Mrs Boss an 8th grade math teacher uses data to determine student strengths and weaknesses. Whihc of the following types of assessments would provide Mrs Boss information about how much her individual students learned about a particular aspect of the curriculum

Criterion referenced assessment Assesses knowledge about specific standards for learning particular content and would inform instruction. Criterion referenced tests judge what a student can and cannot do with regard to content or objectives.

The assistnat principal at South Park high School, Mrs Webb, was doing a walk through of the school to evaluate the environment of the individual classrooms. She was looking for various instructional techniques and approaches that teachers use to create a caring culture. Which of the following questions would be most important to consider while evaluating classroom climate

Do the students participate in learning experiences where respect and collaboration are part of the daily activities

Ricardo, a fourth-grade student from Italy, is experiencing difficulty with word recognition skills and has fallen behind the rest of the class. The room teacher is arranging for a resource teacher to work with the student. Which of the following time/place settings should the room teacher request as she plans help for this student?

During class time in the classroom when students are engaged in other learning activities

A sixth-grade teacher noticed a child who had become completely withdrawn and angry. The child, once very social and engaged in class activities, appears angry and will not interact with the class. Which answer provides a resource for the teacher?

Guidance counselor

A math teacher uses class time for direct instruction of math skills, where modelling the process of solving the problems is the teacher's focus. He then sends the students home with math problems to complete for homework. Upon evaluating student performance on homework and tests, the teacher isn't satisfied with student progress. Which of the following practices would most likely support student learning?

Guided practice They would have an opportunity to try problems and receive teacher help when needed. This would be an effective way for the teacher to determine who has grasped math concepts and who has not (progress monitoring).

Mrs Lucas arranged a conference with Marthas parents to discuss her continual failure to complete in class and homework assignments. He wants to discuss with the parents the need for everyone teacher student and parents to work together to help Martha address this problem. Marthas mother canceled three scheduled appointments and does not attend a fourth. What is an appropriate next step for Mr. Lucas

He should accept that Marthas mother is extremely reluctant to attend a school conference and arrange to discuss Marthas progress over the phone.

Students in Ms. Claire's seventh-grade class are a very diverse group. The class includes both gifted and talented students as well as students who regularly spend time with the school's resource teacher. In addition, Ms. Claire is aware that in any given classroom, the Piagetian cognitive abilities/readiness of the students may range over two or three grade levels. Which of the following is most important as Ms. Claire considers how to adapt her instructional strategies as she plans for her special-needs students?

Her instuctional strategies must ensure that no group of students is singled out and made to feel different or isolated from other students

IEP

Individualized Education Program, is a written document that's developed for each public school child who is eligible for special education. The IEP is created through a team effort and reviewed at least once a year. Before an IEP can be written, your child must be eligible for special education.

A third grade teacher would be correct in having great concern over which of the following

Juan separates himself from the group and is not interested in spending time with others

A student gets to the end of a page of text and does not know what was just read. Which of the following concepts reflects this process of thinking about one's thinking?

Metacognition Metacognition refers to one's ability to monitor and self-regulate comprehension in terms of "thinking about one's thinking." Piaget

Griffin teaches 9h grade mathematics at Klein High. She is demonstrating on the board how to solve a difficult word problem. She talks to hersefl out oud as she draws diagrams and tries out different strategies some that work and some that dont explaining to herself the steps she is taking until she finally solves the problem. Her talk out aloud is intended to

Model metacognitive behaviors thoughts and processes

Which of the following reflects teacher's role during an interactive read aloud in an elementary classroom?

Modeling During interactive read-alouds, a teacher is modeling appropriate reading. This may include modeling fluent reading, modeling comprehension strategies, etc. The read aloud is an important activity the teacher should implement daily.

Synthesis BT

Old concepts to form new ideas

In reflecting on his students performance and his classroom management practices Mr Barton feels he could improve student performance and efficiency. Which of the following professional development strategies would most likely help Mr Barton

Peer Observation

A second grade teacher has been hired for a classroom where 12 of 23 students are at risk students. The principal tells the teacher that these children are low academic achivers since kindergarten who exhibit low self esteem. The principals comment is based on his awareness that children at this age develop a sense of inferiority if they

fail to experience satisfaction or success with the completion of tasks they are assigned

In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children develop schemata to understand the world. Children access schema to understand new situations. However, schema does not reflect "thinking about one's thinking."

Schema

A sixth grade history teacher wants to accomodate textbook reading assignments for English language learners. Which of the following activities would best support this goal

Segmenting the textbook passages into smaller sections of ELLs

According to research, which of the following is the most accurate predictor of academic success?

Socioeconomic status

Which of the following is an element of constructivism approaches to teaching?

Student-centered instruction and authentic tasks Constructivists believe students must actively construct their own understanding of the topics they study instead of having that understanding transmitted to them by someone else. In other words, constructivism includes student-centered instruction and authentic tasks. The TExES is biased to the constructivist approach.

Mrs Sanders plans her instruction using a framework for integrating language arts with other content areas. She uses a common topic for instruction and plans meaningful engaging activities. Which of the following instructional approaches is Mrs Sanchez using

Thematic units organization of a curriculum around a central theme and across disciplines such as math reading social studies. Each activity should connect to the thematic idea and should include meaningful activities whihc engage student learning.

Current trends in education suggest teachers use evidence-based practices in their classrooms. Which of the following conclusions for research relates to this trend?

The convergence of evidence deems a practice appropriate. The International Reading Association advocates a convergence of evidence from a variety of studies as opposed to the idea that scientific evidence draw from only experimental and quasi-experimental research designs.

A teacher suspects the abuse and neglect of one of the students in his classroom. Whihc of the following outlines the teachers responsibility in this situation

The teacher is expected to report the suspected case to the states child welfare agency

Mrs Jackson gave her class of fifth graders a test that included vocab words from the Diary o Anne Frank. She noticed that Cody placed his list of the vocab words where he could easily see it on the floor and that Cody was looking at during the test. What should Ms Jackson have done when she noticed this

The teacher should have quietly walked over to Cody's desk and removed the vocab list letting Cody continue taking the test

A content teacher is frustrated because many English language learners in his class are unable to read a textbook independently. Which of the following statements provides an explanation for the issue at hand

The teacher should not expect all ELLs to read a grade level text without support

Before beginning a unit on human cells an eight grade teacher asks the question What do you know about human cells. After the students brainstorm answers to this questions together in class the teacher has students develop and write down questions the have about the topic. Which of the following statements reflects the primary reason for the teachers initial question

The teacher wanted to assess prior knowledge of human cells

A third grade teacher is planning a lesson on landforms. One of the teachers goals is for the students to be able to compare and contrast differences in the shapes and locations of various landforms. Which of the following activities should the teacher incorporate in order to meet this goal

Use a semantic feature analysis to distinguish characteristics of landforms

Application BT

Using and applying knowledge and using problem solving methods

miscue analysis

an assessment that helps a teacher identify the cueing systems used by a reader — the strategies a reader uses to make sense of a text. Instead of focusing on errors, miscue analysis focuses on what the student is doing right, so that he or she can learn to build on existing reading strategies.

Informal reading inventory

an informal diagnostic reading test, usually based on materials. that the pupil will be reading in class, to determine at what level instruction should begin.

extrinsic motivation

behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual.

A sixth grader encounters science content that varies from her present beliefs about the content. A situation involving conflicting attitudes is called __

cognitive dissonance. refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors and produces a feeling of discomfort which leads to an alteration in one's attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. Therefore the term cognitive dissonance is used to describe the feelings of discomfort that result from holding two conflicting beliefs; that is the attitude demonstrated by the sixth grader in the scenario of the question.

Ms Leda has learned in a workshop on cooperative learning that grouping her students heterogeneously by ability and ethnicity is the most effective way to help all students

have an opportunity to work with varying academic levels and cultural backgrounds that may differ from their own

Mrs McCaffery is discussing typical sequence of physical development in adolescence. Shes aware that the timing and rate at which puberty occurs vary widely. These differences mean that some of McCafferys students may be completely mature while others have not begun puberty McCaffery is likely to be aware that late maturing boys

have less sself confidence than early maturers.

Analysis BT

identifying patterns organizing ideas

positive reinforcement

involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. When a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, that particular response or behavior will be strengthened.

classic conditioning

is a learning process in which an innate response to a potent stimulus comes to be elicited in response to a previously neutral stimulus; this is achieved by repeated pairings of the neutral stimulus with the potent stimulus.

informal assessment

is a procedure for obtaining information that can be used to make judgements about children's learning behavior and characteristics or programs using means other than standardized instruments.

Mrs McCaffery is discussing typical sequence of physical development in adolescence. Shes aware that the timing and rate at which puberty occurs vary widely. These differences mean that some of McCafferys students may be completely mature while others have not begun puberty McCaffery is also likely to be aware that early maturing girls

may develop precocious sexual interests

Mrs McCaffery is discussing typical sequence of physical development in adolescence. Shes aware that the timing and rate at which puberty occurs vary widely. These differences mean that some of McCafferys students may be completely mature while others have not begun puberty As a health teacher Mrs McCaffery is likely to be aware that nutritional deficiencies among her students are

more common in girls than boys

Which of the following tests measures ability?

norm referenced tests An ability test is one type of norm-referenced. Ability is measured by comparing scores to the "norm," which provides a means to compare performance (including ability) of individuals. Test questions are carefully designed to accentuate performance differences among test takers.

Skinner contributed to the idea that children respond best through

positive reinforcement

Knowledge BT

recall of information

intrinsic motivation

refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards. In other words, the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual because it is intrinsically rewarding.

The following is an instructional objective for a ninth-grade biology class: List the major chemical elements in cells (i.e., carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, trace elements). This objective reflects __

the Knowledge level of Bloom's Cognitive Domain. The objective of the task reflects the Knowledge level of Blooms Cognitive Domain. The verb list calls on Knowledge which in terms of critical thinking, the basic level of acquisition of knowledge requires that students be able to just practically recall the items on the list in the approximate form in which they were learned. It indicates a very low-level skill (recall).

Lucas is a new 5th grade teacher at Klein Middle School. It is the beginning of the school year and he hope to create a learning environment in the classroom where his instructional strategies will cause students to think critically. Which cognitive ability should Lucas expect that most of his students are likely to be in the process of developing?

thinking hypothetically Middle graders progress from concrete logical operations and problem solving to developing and testing hypotheses analyzing data. At formal operations adolescents can think theoretically

Comprehension BT

understanding; translating; summarizing

When planning lessons teachers can ensure effectiveness and appropriateness of the lesson for students of varying backgrounds and economic status by

using content examples which are familiar and relevant to students with varied life experiences