Practice Final Exam - Principles of Bio II

Most animals fall into one of how many phyla?

9

Identify the biotic factor of an ecosystem among the following options.

Amount of moss available to the consumers

What is the main difference between amphibians and reptiles?

Amphibians are tied to water for reproduction, while reptiles have amniotic eggs that can survive on dry land.

Which one of the following is a defining characteristic of animals but not of plants?

Animals, but not plants, are heterotrophs

Serial repetition of segments is a defining characteristic of which worm phylum?

Annelids

Which arthropod subgroup includes the spiders?

Arachnids

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart.

Body → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Body

Of the biomes listed, which is best adapted to seasonal fires?

Chaparral

Which of the following is human's closest living relative?

Chimpanzees

Which of the following is an organ system?

Circulatory system

Which principle states that no two species competing for the exact same resources can coexist?

Competitive exclusion principle

Which type of worm lacks a complete digestive tract?

Flatworms

What are the main causes of biodiversity loss?

Habitat destruction, overharvesting, invasive species, pollution, and climate change

What are the four stages of food processing, ordered from beginning to end?

Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

What is the radula's function in mollusks?

It cuts and scrapes up food.

What type of species, if removed from the community, could lead to the collapse of the entire community?

Keystone species

Which is most closely related to the hagfishes?

Lampreys

Which growth model would you expect to see in a stable population?

Logistic

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Mainly the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases..

What do sponges and cnidarians have in common?

None of the above are characteristics that sponges and cnidarians share

What are ecological reservoirs?

Nonliving components of ecosystems where chemicals accumulate

Which of the following group is most closely related to mammals?

Reptiles

What are the key characteristics of arthropods?

Segmented bodies, tough exoskeleton, and jointed appendages

Which of the following phyla is the most diverse and numerous of all animal phyla?

The arthopods

What is chemical digestion?

The breakdown of food by enzymes

What is an ecological footprint?

The estimate of land and water required to sustain one person

What happens during diastole?

The heart muscles relax, allowing blood to flow into all chambers of the heart.

What is the part of the kidney where urine is formed?

The nephron

What is the role of the villi?

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

What is the function of the lateral line system?

To detect movement in the surrounding water

What is the main role of kidneys?

To filter blood and remove toxins from it

What is the primary function of the sinoatrial node?

To initiate the contraction of the heart

What is the function of a fish's operculum?

To protect the gills

What is the main role of T cells in the immune response?

To stimulate the production of immune cells

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters

Which of the following blood cells fights infections?

White blood cells

Environmentalism is ________.

a philosophical and social movement concerned with preserving the environment

The distribution of terrestrial biomes on Earth depends mostly on ________.

both temperature and rainfall

Humans belong to the phylum ________.

chordates

Your thigh bone, the largest bone in your body, is called the ________.

femur

The body symmetry of adult echinoderms could best be described as ________.

fivefold symmetrical

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood ________.

from the heart to the lungs

In spermatogenesis, ________.

haploid sperms are produced

The urethra ________.

is a tube that conveys both urine and semen

An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area.

living and nonliving things

Sponges are mostly found in ________.

marine ecosystems

The release of an egg from an ovary is called ________.

ovulation

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood-sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. The rhino greatly benefits from the relationship, since it cannot remove the ticks itself. The tick-rhino relationship is an example of ________.

parasitism

A community in ecology is defined as ________.

populations from multiple species interacting in the same place

Tissues are made up of ________ that work together to perform a function.

similar cells

Gastropods are the most numerous group of mollusks and include the ________.

snails and slugs

An invasive species is a species that ________.

spreads rapidly outside its native range and causes damage

Terrestrial biomes are defined in a large part by ________.

the dominant plants that live there

Ecology is best defined as the study of ________.

the interactions between living organisms with each other and their environments

What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?

A community includes interacting populations without their surrounding environment, while an ecosystem includes the surrounding environment.

What type of survivorship curves do humans typically display?

A curve that is initially quite flat, until it decreases steeply at old age.

Which of the following is not a primate?

All are primates.

What can a human population's age pyramid tell you about current and future needs?

All of the above

All of the following are abiotic factors within an ecosystem except ________.

All of the above and abiotic factors.

Which of the following scenarios describe an ecological succession?

All of the above are examples of ecological succession

Which of the following features are used to identify chordates?

All of the above are features used to identify chordates.

Although freshwater biomes cover less than 1% of the Earth's surface, they are important because ________.

All of the above are reasons why freshwater biomes are important.

Which of the following is a type of essential nutrient?

All of the above are types of essential nutrients.

Which of the following groups is not a type of mammals?

All of the above are types of mammals

Although exceptions do exist, which is a distinctively amphibian trait?

All of these are distinctive amphibian traits.

The cardiovascular system consists of ________.

All of these are parts of the cardiovascular system

Which group of fishes evolved most recently (in other words, is the youngest)?

Bony fishes

What is an amniotic egg?

Both B and C are correct

They are bilaterally symmetrical and have a soft body sometimes covered with a shell.

Both flatworms and roundworms

How is BMI calculated?

By using a person's height and weight

Which is the dominant greenhouse gas leading to global warming of the atmosphere?

CO2

Which are the thinnest blood vessels?

Capillaries

Which of the following statements about digestion is true?

Digestion can be both mechanical and chemical, and it occurs both in the mouth and in the stomach.

Where does the ovule meet the sperm that fertilizes it?

In the oviduct

What is the main difference between monotremes and eutherians?

Monotremes lay eggs, while eutherians give birth to live young.

Match the correct structure with its correct tissue.

Neurons make up the nervous tissue.

________ refers to the function of a body part, while ________ refers to the structure of a body part.

Physiology; anatomy

Which of the following describe the integumentary system?

Skin, nails, hair

Which chordate trait evolved first?

Skull and backbone

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller?

The hypothalamus

Which brain structure controls the secretion of hormones in the rest of the body?

The hypothalamus

What happened during the Cambrian explosion?

There was a rapid diversification of animal forms.

Which of the following best describes mollusks?

They are bilaterally symmetrical and have a soft body sometimes covered with a shell.

Flatworms are most closely related to the ________.

annelids

Veins carry ________.

blood low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide

All mammals ________.

have mammary glands and hair

Maintaining a steady-state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________.

homeostasis

A sudden natural catastrophe resulting in massive die-offs would be categorized as a density-________ limiting factor.

independent

The use of multiple forms of pest control including biological, chemical, and the planting of pest-resistant crops is a strategy commonly called ________.

integrated pest management

The Asian kudzu bug (Megacopta cribaria) arrived in Atlanta in 2009 and is quickly spreading across the South. In addition to eating kudzu, it also eats soybeans and can decimate entire crops. The kudzu bug is a type of ________ species.

invasive

Response to a stimulus, such that the effect of the stimulus is counteracted, is called a ________ feedback.

negative

Abiotic factors are ________.

nonliving components of an ecosystem

Being a heterotroph means ________.

obtaining your food by eating other organisms

Cheetahs are specialized hunters that stalk Thompson gazelles. This is an example of a ________ relationship.

predator-prey

The main role of the liver is to ________.

produce bile, which helps the process of digestion

A wolf eats a rabbit that eats grass. The grass is a ________.

producer

Phytoplankton is an example of a ________.

producer

Primary consumers eat ________.

producers

A biome characterized by warm, fairly dry climate that primarily contains grasses with scattered, isolated trees is a ________.

savanna

Aquatic biomes are defined primarily by ________.

their salinity