Practice iRAT 1 questions (answers are confirmed!)
20. Which of the following is most readily modifiable as the residual limb changes shape? A. Rigid dressing B. Shrinker sock C. Semi-rigid dressing D. Ace wrap
D
14. When teaching ace wrapping of the residual limb to a patient, the pattern that is taught to make sure the patient can execute it well is: A. Figure eight B. Circumferential C. No specific technique
A
15. Your patient with a recent transfemoral amputation needs multiple attempts to stand up from her wheelchair when using her arms. This implies that which of the following is a priority intervention at this time? A. Contralateral limb strengthening B. Improved trunk control C. Upper extremity strengthening D. Balance training
A
21. K Levels are: A. Code modifiers that describe the functional ability of someone with a LE amputation B. Levels of lower extremity amputation C. Determined using the FIM to predict successful prosthetic rehabilitation D. Used to describe the functional status achieved by a patient after the completion of prosthetic training.
A
23. When your patient has volume changes during the day, it is important that they add or take away _____ to ensure the correct fit of the prosthesis across the day. A. Ply socks B. Shrinker socks C. Ace wraps D. Liners
A
28. Your patient asks you to put the sequence of donning a prosthesis in writing. The correct sequence from first to last is: A. Liner, ply sock(s), socket B. Ply sock(s), liner, socket C. Shrinker sock, liner, ply sock(s), socket D. shrinker sock, ply sock(s), liner, socket
A
3. The purpose of a shrinker sock is to provide: A. Shaping of the residual limb B. Decreased likelihood of neuroma formation C. Protection of the residual limb from trauma D. Proximal-to-distal graded pressure
A
30. The difference between a K2 and K3 ambulator is the ability to: A. Display variable cadence B. Display functional transfers C. Return to sports D. Traverse various surfaces
A
33. The split toe design on a prosthetic foot mimics the (blank) motion of the natural foot. A. Inversion/eversion B. Plantarflexion/dorsi flexion C. Plantarflexion /inversion D. Dorsiflexion/eversion
A
34. A microprocessor foot allows going up a flight of stairs or heading up a ramp to be easier for a healthy person using a prosthesis. Of those responses below, the best support for that statement is that the microprocessor foot: A. Acts like the gastroc/soleus, assisting in power and control with these movements. B. Reduces energy expenditure. C. Provides greater anterior/posterior stability. D. Has the split toe design to improve medial/lateral stability.
A
37. A patient with a transtibial amputation has impaired sensation and fine motor coordination. What may be a better suspension system for her to use? A. Suction B. pin and lock C. strap suspension D. coyote lock
A
38. Your patient has a "swooshing" sound with every step they take. It is most likely that the patient is having a problem with which kind of suspension? A. Suction B. Pin and lock C. Keep it simple suspension (KISS) D. Silesian belt
A
42. Upon doffing their prosthesis, you notice that you patient with a transtibial amputation has redness along the femoral condyles and the distal end of their residual limb. The most likely cause of these red areas is: A. The socket is too loose B. The socket is too tight C. They donned their gel liner incorrectly D. They need to decrease the number of ply socks
A
44. Which of the following knee units below is NOT capable of variable cadence? A. Single axis B. Hydraulic C. Microprocessor D. All knee units are capable of variable cadence
A
5. Who would be LEAST appropriate for a rigid dressing after an amputation? A. A person with decreased sensation and healing complications whose amputation was due to a non-healing ulcer B. A person with COPD that lost their leg due to trauma C. A person who is active and anticipated to make a good recovery whose amputation was due to failed limb salvage D. A person who does not have any comorbidities and whose amputation was due to infection
A
29. Once someone has a prosthesis, a compression garment (ace wrap or shrinker sock) should: A. Be used whenever not in the prosthesis to provide even compression to the limb B. Be used whenever not in the prosthesis to prevent edema C. Not be used because it will jeopardize skin integrity of the limb D. Not be used because it will limit joint range of motion
B
31. A patient's K level is: A. The only determinant of the components of a prosthesis B. Used along with other factors to inform functional prognosis C. Dictated by Medicare Determined by the cost of the componentry in their prosthesis
B
36. Redness caused by pressure from either a brace or prosthesis is concerning when - after removal of the prosthesis - the skin remains red for more than: A. 10 minutes B. 20 minutes C. Overnight D. Any amount of redness due to pressure is concerning
B
2. The most common cause for amputation in the UPPER extremity is: A. Non-healing ulcer B. Cancer C. Diabetes D. Trauma
D
10. How does phantom pain differ from phantom sensation? A. There is no difference (two words to describe the same thing) B. Phantom sensation is feeling parts of the limb that have been amputated C. Phantom pain always has a specific underlying explanation while phantom sensation does not. D. Phantom pain happens to most while phantom sensation happens to few.
B
11. The ideal length for the residual tibia in an elective amputation is: A. 10% of original length to minimize bony level arm B. 45% of original length to optimize bony lever arm and componentry options C. 66% of original length for optimal bony lever arm D. Any of the above depending on the functional goals of the patient
B
16. Your patient's residual limb is becoming swollen with some yellow drainage at the incision site. There is more redness noted. You should be most concerned about: A. A DVT B. An infection C. A wound dehiscence D. Hetertopic ossification
B
17. What strengthening exercises would you prioritize following a transtibial amputation for the residual limb side to maintain and improve strength for future prosthetic use to help maintain stance control? A. Side-lying hip adduction B. Bridging C. Long arc quads D. Prone hip extension
B
24. Your patient is a right-handed healthy individual with a right transhumeral amputation due to trauma. He is a farmer in a rural area. He has difficulty learning new information. What might be the best terminal device for his prosthesis? A. An electronic hand B. A cable-driven hook C. A passive hand D. No terminal device
B
25. For a patient with a transfemoral amputation, an ischial containment socket: A. allows for better compression B. provides increased stability of the limb in the socket C. allows for a weight bearing surface D. provides improved comfort for the user
B
26. What type of knee is programmed electronically by a prosthetist? A. Hydraulic B. Microprocessor C. Mechanical D. Bionic
B
27. Knee components can have a flexion and extension resistance. This resistance acts in the same way as: A. Co-contracting musculature B. An eccentric muscular contraction C. A concentric muscular contraction D. An isometric muscular contraction
B
4. Of the reasons below, which describes the strongest reason to defer ambulation on the intact limb with a patient? A. Deceased strength and range of motion B. Decreased sensation and non-healing ulcer on heel on intact limb C. Great toe ulcer on intact limb and decreased balance D. Regular use of a walker prior to the amputation
B
40. Your patient has good sensation and activation of upper body musculature. He has an excellent ability to isolate agonist and antagonist muscle contractions. An appropriate transhumeral prosthesis is: A. body powered (cable) prosthesis B. myoelectric prosthesis C. passive prosthesis
B
43. When caring for and using a gel liner, the patient should: A. Keep the liner inside out whenever not is use B. Wash daily with mild soap C. Dry on a low heat seating in the dryer after washing D. Use a ply sock under the lining to reduce sweating
B
6. One of the more important benefits to soft tissue mobilization of the residual limb is that it: A. Can help reduce residual limb hypersensitivity B. Decreases adhesions to allow increased comfort and pliability of the soft tissue when the limb is the prosthetic socket C. Helps shapes the residual limb D. Can assist with tissue healing in the early post-operative period
B
1. The most common cause for amputation in the LOWER extremity is: A. Non-healing ulcer B. Cancer C. Diabetes D. Trauma
C
18. The purpose of a myoplasty during amputation surgery is: A. To remove extraneous muscles that no longer cross a joint. B. To stabilize the distal segment to which the muscle(s) attach. C. To cover the distal residual limb and stabilize the muscles. D. To minimize scar formation.
C
22. The AMPnoPRO can be used to score all of the following individuals during the pre- prosthetic phase EXCEPT those with: A. A unilateral transfemoral amputation B. A unilateral short transtibial amputation C. A bilateral transtibial amputation D. An individual with a unilateral amputation who requires a walker for balance
C
41. A passive prosthesis for a person with a unilateral transradial amputation is the prosthesis of choice: A. When a functional grasp is desirable B. For anyone not yet fully grown C. When stabilization during bimanual activities is the primary use D. For someone returning to soccer play
C
7. Your patient has bilateral transfemoral limb loss. What type of bed to chair transfer involves the least amount of sequencing? A. Mechanical lift B. Sliding board C. Anterior/posterior D. Squat pivot
C
8. Each of the following had helped decrease the rate of amputations EXCEPT: A. more comprehensive foot care B. advancements in medications for neuropathy C. Current shoe styles D. earlier detection of disease related complications
C
9. All of the following are advantages of a knee joint disarticulation (as compared to a transfemoral amputation) EXCEPT: A. It provides an end-bearing surface B. It is less traumatic surgery C. It is easier to incorporate knee componentry D. The center of mass being lower to the ground provides a more effective mechanical advantage
C
12. Any of the following might be used to reduce phantom limb sensation after an amputation (presuming sufficient healing) EXCEPT: A. mirror therapy B. massage, tapping C. TENS D. Ultrasound
D
13. Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY reason to use high kneeling exercises for a patient with a transtibial amputation (once cleared by the surgeon)? A. It helps build trunk control B. It helps train keeping the patient's center of mass over the base of support C. It promotes hip extensor strengthening D. It promotes knee flexor strengthening
D
19. All of the following would be appropriate for someone with a unilateral transfemoral amputation during the pre-prosthetic phase EXCEPT: A. Use of axillary crutches B. Balance training on a compliant surface C. Strengthening of the hip flexors of the residual limb D. Gradual reduction of hours in a shrinker during the day
D
32. A patient is expected to be able to perform community ambulation at a fixed cadence. An appropriate prosthetic foot for this patient would be: A. A SACH foot B. A dynamic response foot C. A microprocessor foot D. An articulating foot
D
35. Of those listed below, which is the best way to safely manage a wearing schedule for a patient with a lower extremity amputation who wishes to return to playing tennis? A. Allow the patient each day to set their own wearing and activity schedule based on the patient's skin condition assessment in the morning. B. Begin with the patient's target activity level, then gradually increase the amount of time the person can tolerate the prosthesis by one hour every day. C. Gradually and simultaneous increase both the amount of time and the amount of activity the person is using the prosthesis. D. Gradually increase the amount of time a person wears the prosthesis first and then gradually increase the level of activity while wearing the prosthesis or the amount of time, but not both
D
39. Using stubbies for a person with bilateral transfemoral amputations has all of the following advantages EXCEPT: A. Center of Mass is closer to the ground B. Reduced energy cost C. Improved ambulation distance D. Can use any choice of foot and ankle components
D