Practice - Part 6
58: A normal blood oxygen level is usually between: A: ~ 95% - 100% B: ~ 75% - 90% C: ~ 60% - 70% D: ~ 40% - 60%
A: ~ 95% - 100% The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The other blood oxygen levels are too low and need to be reported to the nurse immediately.
56: How should soiled bed linen be handled? A: ~ By carrying them away from the nursing assistant's body B: ~ By shaking them in the air before disposing of them C: ~ By taking them into another a resident's room D: ~ By taking them into the cafeteria
A: ~ By carrying them away from the nursing assistant's body The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Keeping them away from our bodies prevents our clothing from becoming contaminated. This reduces the risk of spreading disease to other residents. The other selections spread disease to other residents.
22: Which of the following best helps reduce pressure on the bony prominences? A: ~ Flotation mattress B: ~ Several pillows C: ~ Sheepskin D: ~ Repositioning every shift
A: ~ Flotation mattress The answer is A. EXPLANATION: A bedridden client can quickly develop pressure sores if he or she is allowed to remain in one position. To prevent the skin from breaking down, reposition the client at least once every two hours. Use pillows to support the client and relieve places where skin can rub, such as between the legs or at the tailbone. Always keep the skin clean and dry. A sheepskin on the bed or wheelchair provides extra padding but does not replace repositioning. Observe the skin for reddened areas and report them to the nurse. Special beds and flotation mattresses are helpful in preventing pressure sores.
46: Which of the following is the most comfortable position for a client with a respiratory problem? A: ~ Fowler's B: ~ Prone C ~ Supine D: ~ Lateral
A: ~ Fowler's The answer is A. EXPLANATION: When a client is having difficulty breathing, the Fowler's position can provide relief. When sitting in the Fowler's position, the client is upright at 90 degrees, allowing the chest to expand as much as possible. Prone (on the abdomen), supine (on the back), and lateral (on the side) are all flat positions, which can make respiratory distress worse.
11: Which of the following statements is true of the skin? A: ~ It feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure. B: ~ It becomes more elastic as a person ages. C: ~ It is the chemical substance that is created by the body and controls body functions. D: ~ The epidermis is the inner layer of the skin.
A: ~ It feels heat, cold, pain, touch, and pressure. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The skin feels cold, pain, heat, pressure, and touch. It becomes less elastic as someone ages. It is not a chemical substance. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin.
53: Mrs. Goldman, a resident, begins to tell her nursing assistant, Gene, about the last religious service she attended. Gene does not believe in God. Gene's best response is to: A: ~ Listen quietly to Mrs. Goldman. B: ~ Ask Mrs. Goldman what makes her think that there is a God. C: ~ Tell Mrs. Goldman that he does not believe in God and would prefer not to discuss it. D: ~ Tell Mrs. Goldman that her beliefs are wrong.
A: ~ Listen quietly to Mrs. Goldman. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Gene should respect Mrs. Goldman's views and beliefs and see her as an individual. Notwithstanding his unbelief, Gene should listen quietly as Mrs. Goldman tells him of the last religious service she attended.
9: Which of the following statements is true about pressure sores? A: ~ Most pressure sores develop within a few weeks of admission to a nursing home. B: ~ Pressure sores are not usually painful. C: ~ Pressure sores tend to heal quickly on their own. D: ~ Pressure sores are more likely to occur in areas of the body where there is more fat.
A: ~ Most pressure sores develop within a few weeks of admission to a nursing home. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Pressure sores can be painful and they do not heal quickly on their own. Pressure ulcers most likely occur on bony areas of the body not areas where there are more fat. Unfortunately, pressure sores develop within a few weeks of admission. As caregivers we must turn clients every two hours to prevent pressure ulcers.
2: All long-term-care nurse aides must be competency evaluated and must complete a distinct educational course. These requirements are set by: A: ~ OBRA B: ~ OSHA C: ~ CDC D: ~ D.FDA
A: ~ OBRA The answer is A. EXPLANATION: The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act or (OBRA) sets the competency standards for CNA training. The other agencies do not set these standards.
41: Which of the following is NOT considered a way to restrain a client? A: ~ Pain management B: ~ A hand mitt C: ~ Lap buddy/tray D: ~ A sedative
A: ~ Pain management The answer is A. EXPLANATION: A restraint may be either physical or chemical. Its purpose is to protect the client from harming himself or others. Only a physician may order a restraint, and guidelines are strict. A pain medication may help calm a client or relieve behavior associated with severe pain, but it is not in the restraint category.
47: What is the term for a device used to take the place of a missing body part? A: ~ Prosthesis B: ~ Pronation C: ~ Abduction D: ~ External rotation
A: ~ Prosthesis The answer is A. EXPLANATION: A prosthesis is a device that replaces a part of the body that is missing from birth or due to surgery or accidents. It helps restore function for the client and can also improve a client's appearance. A prosthesis can be made for eyes, teeth, arms, legs, joints, or breasts.
10: High blood pressure is: A: ~ The result of a hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels B: ~ A neurological disorder C: ~ Always noticeable in the early stages even without taking blood pressure D: ~ Untreatable
A: ~ The result of a hardening and narrowing of the blood vessels The answer is A. EXPLANATION: High blood pressure occurs because the blood vessels harden and narrow making blood flow more difficult. Restricting blood flow causes the heart to work harder and thus increases your blood pressure. High blood pressure is not a neurological disorder and it is treatable. High blood pressure is diagnosed by taking blood pressure readings amongst other tests. One does not know they have high blood pressure until they get a blood pressure reading from a healthcare provider.
3: Why is it important to keep the catheter bag lower than the bladder? A: ~ To prevent urine from flowing back to the bladder B: ~ To keep the bag out of the patient's sight C: ~ To alert visitors that the resident is catheterized D: ~ So the bag is easier for the NA to see
A: ~ To prevent urine from flowing back to the bladder The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Gravity assists the urine to move down into the bag instead of back into the bladder. Urine waste must leave the bladder to be removed by the body. Allowing this urine waste to move into the bag instead of staying in the bladder helps prevent a urinary tract infection from happening to the patient
61: A confused client becomes upset when he cannot find his way to the bathroom. How should the nurse aide help this client? A: ~ Walk the client to the bathroom and seat him. B: ~ Give the client detailed directions to the bathroom. C: ~ Ask another client to walk the client to the bathroom. D: ~ Tell the client that he should not go to the bathroom by himself.
A: ~ Walk the client to the bathroom and seat him. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Someone that is confused cannot understand directions or that they cannot use the bathroom independently. Having another client walk them to the bathroom would be unsafe. The best thing to do is walk them and seat them on the toilet yourself.
8: Germs are most commonly found in: A: ~ Warm damp area B: ~ Dry areas C: ~ Cold areas D: ~ Hot areas
A: ~ Warm damp area The answer is A. EXPLANATION: Germs occur in warm damp areas. Alerting housekeeping to any areas that are damp as they could potentially get warm can help alleviate these areas from happening. The other areas are not as likely to create germs.
23: When caring for a client who uses a protective device (restraint), the nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ check the client's body alignment. B: ~ release the protective device once per shift. C: ~ ensure the protective device is tight. D: ~ assess the client once every hour.
A: ~ check the client's body alignment. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: When a physician orders a restraint for a client, the staff must strictly follow the protocols to maintain the client's safety. The nurse aide should become familiar with the policies regarding restraints. The policy will state the defined times to monitor the client, directions for reporting on the client's status, and directions for documenting all observations
28: The nurse aide is responsible for the following fire prevention measures EXCEPT A: ~ taking cigarettes and matches away from all clients and visitors. B: ~ reporting all damaged wiring or sockets in clients' rooms. C: ~ being aware of the locations of fire extinguishers. D: ~ participating in fire drills.
A: ~ taking cigarettes and matches away from all clients and visitors. The answer is A. EXPLANATION: While smoking by clients and visitors may not be appropriate, the nurse aide may not take away their cigarettes or matches. However, the nurse aide can certainly report these actions to the charge nurse. The nurse aide should also be familiar with policies regarding smoking or smoking areas, to inform smokers if there are designated places. All staff must be aware of fire extinguisher locations and what to do in the event of a fire. Notifying the nurse or maintenance department of any damaged electrical wiring or sockets, as well as faulty electrical equipment can prevent a fire.
52: If a client asks a question you cannot answer, the best response is to: A: ~ Tell the client you will ask another aide B: ~ Ask the charge nurse to talk to the client C: ~ Call the doctor to talk to the client D: ~ Tell the client that you cannot answer the question.
B: ~ Ask the charge nurse to talk to the client The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When we cannot answer a question, we can refer the client to the charge nurse for an appropriate response. The other options are not the best response as we need to obtain a correct answer for the client.
59: When getting ready to dress a client, the nurse aide should: A: ~ Get the first clothes the nurse aide can reach in the closet. B: ~ Give the client a choice of what to wear C: ~ Use the clothes the client wore the day before. D: ~ Choose clothes that the nurse aide personally likes.
B: ~ Give the client a choice of what to wear The answer is B. EXPLANATION: We always want to honor what the client would like to wear. We need to offer them choices on what clothing they would like to use for the day. The other options do not allow for client choice and would be inappropriate.
12: Clarification is used to: A: ~ Verify that you are providing care. B: ~ Make sure you understand a message. C: ~ Focus the resident on a subject. D: ~ Allow the resident time to calm down.
B: ~ Make sure you understand a message. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: We clarify with residents when we want to make sure we understood them. This helps us communicate well with our clients.
40: NPO means A: ~ Nothing by mouth except water B: ~ Nothing by mouth C: ~ Only ice chips in mouth D: ~ Nothing per ostomy
B: ~ Nothing by mouth The answer is B. EXPLANATION: NPO is a common medical term that means the client can not eat or drink anything, including water or ice chips. A doctor may order a patient to be NPO before surgery or certain lab work. If a client is ill or has a gastrointestinal condition, the doctor may write an order that the client be NPO until the cause is known. The nurse aide can provide mouth care for a client who is NPO. Placing an "NPO" sign over the client's bed will remind all staff members not to give the client anything to eat or drink.
60: Which of the following statements is true of disinfection? A: ~ All microorganisms are destroyed B: ~ Only pathogens are destroyed C: ~ An autoclave must be used D: ~ It is the same as sterilization
B: ~ Only pathogens are destroyed The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. When we disinfect, we remove pathogens from the area. All microorganisms are not destroyed as non-disease causing microorganisms continue living. Autoclaves do not always have to be used and disinfection is not the same as sterilization.
34: Which type of fire can be put out with water? A: ~ Grease B: ~ Paper C: ~ Electrical D: ~ Chemical
B: ~ Paper The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Fire extinguishers are classified by the materials they can snuff out. Think "ABC." Class A fire extinguishers are used for paper, wood, textiles, and some plastics. Class B extinguishers are used for flammable liquids such as oil or gasoline. Class C extinguishers are for electrical fires. All fire extinguishers have labels on them to identify which type of fire they can be used on. Never use water on an electrical fire because of the risk of electric shock.
15: To enter a resident's room without knocking on the resident's door is a violation of: A: ~ Being restraint free. B: ~ Privacy. C: ~ Confidentiality. D: ~ Their civil rights.
B: ~ Privacy. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Residents have the right to privacy and we can show respect for that right by knocking on the resident's door.
1: ADLs (Activities of Daily Living) include: A: ~ Medical tests B: ~ Putting on clothes C: ~ Loss of independence D: ~ Empathy
B: ~ Putting on clothes The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Activities of daily living include eating, bathing, walking, using the restroom, putting on clothing, etc. These other options are not examples of Activities of daily living.
6: Fowlers position is: A: ~ Sitting at an angle less than 30 degree with knees straightly bent B: ~ Sitting at a 45-90 degree angle C: ~ Lying down on back side D: ~ Laying on one side
B: ~ Sitting at a 45-90 degree angle The answer is B. EXPLANATION: In Fowlers, we sit at a 45-90 degree angle. The other choices describe different positions.
14: Regular activity and exercise help improve: A: ~ How cooperative the client is with staff B: ~ The client's strength C: ~ The client's relationship with his family D: ~ The client's ability to accept changes of aging
B: ~ The client's strength The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Regular activity and exercise help increase the client's overall strength. It does not affect how cooperative the client is with staff. It does not affect the client's relationship with his family as interactions through visits helps strengthen that bond. Therapy or interactions with family or caregivers can assist the client to accept the changes of aging.
7: The abbreviation b.i.d means: A: ~ Once a day B: ~ Twice a day C: ~ Three times a day D: ~ Four times a day
B: ~ Twice a day The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Twice a day is the meaning of b.i.d. Q.D. is the term for once a day. T.I.D. is the abbreviation for three times a day and Q.I.D. is the abbreviation for four times a day.
18: To be sure that a client's weight is measured accurately, the client should be weighed A: ~ after a good night's sleep. B: ~ at the same time of day. C: ~ after a meal. D: ~ by a different nurse aide.
B: ~ at the same time of day. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Obtaining the client's weight is an important part of assessment. Weight should be measured at the same time every day. Morning is the best time. Ideally, to get the most accurate or dry weight, use the same scale each time and weigh the client after the first void and before breakfast.
36: While eating dinner, a client starts to choke and turn blue. The nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ give the client a drink of water. B: ~ call for assistance and perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts). C: ~ slap the client on the back until the food dislodges. D: ~ immediately remove the client's food tray and go find the nurse in charge.
B: ~ call for assistance and perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts). The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver) is the best response to choking. Calling for assistance as you prepare to do abdominal thrusts will alert others to the emergency. You can try a quick back slap, but if the food is not immediately dislodged, quickly start abdominal thrusts. To perform abdominal thrusts, stand behind the client and use your hands to exert upward pressure on the bottom of the diaphragm.
24: The nurse aide sees a client spill water on the floor in the hall. Another client is walking down the hall. The nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ call housekeeping. B: ~ clean up the spill. C: ~ leave the spill. D: ~ call the nurse.
B: ~ clean up the spill. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: Falls can lead to serious injury and complications, especially among elderly or very ill clients. Every staff member should be constantly alert for potential hazards such as spills and immediately take care of the situation. Never ignore a potential cause of a fall. If the spill is caused by blood or body fluid, follow the protocol for decontamination and wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
43: When operating a manual bed, the nurse aide should remember to A: ~ keep the client's head elevated at all times. B: ~ fold the cranks under the bed. C: ~ keep the bed in the neutral position. D: ~ lock the wheels when the cranks are folded.
B: ~ fold the cranks under the bed. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: When working a manual bed, first lock the bed by pressing down the levers on the wheels at the head and foot of the bed. At the end of the bed there are three cranks which control the bed height, as well as raising and lowering the head and feet. Cranks are turned clockwise (left to right) to raise each section, and counterclockwise to lower it. After positioning the client, always fold the cranks under the bed to prevent others from tripping or falling.
37: To take an oral temperature, the nurse aide should A: ~ place the thermometer under the arm. B: ~ place the thermometer under the tongue. C: ~ put lubricant on the thermometer. D: ~ place the thermometer in the rectum.
B: ~ place the thermometer under the tongue. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: To take an oral temperature, make sure the client has not had anything hot or cold to eat or drink for 15 minutes. Place the thermometer under the client's tongue. A digital thermometer will beep when it registers the client's temperature. A glass thermometer will have a line that stops moving when it gives the reading. Note: The normal body temperature ranges for very young children, older children, and adults are different. For children aged 2 - 5 years, the normal body temperature range is 37.0°C - 37.2°C (98.6°F - 99.0°F). For children aged 5 - 10 years, the normal range is 35.5°C - 37.5°C (95.9°F - 99.5°F). For persons age 11 and up, fever is considered a temperature higher than 38 degrees C (100.4°F).
42: The nurse aide notices that the client's radio cord is draped across a chair to reach the nearest outlet. The FIRST thing the nurse aide should do is A: ~ take the radio to the activities room and tell the client to listen to it there. B: ~ see if any changes can be made so that the radio can be plugged in safely. C: ~ tell the client the radio is a safety hazard and take it away. D: ~ unplug the radio and ask the client not to use it.
B: ~ see if any changes can be made so that the radio can be plugged in safely. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: All facilities must comply with the electrical safety standards of governmental and accrediting agencies. Client devices, including radios or televisions, must be approved according to the facility's policies. Cords cannot cause any potential hazards, such as tripping or falls. Extension cords are usually not allowed. The nurse aide can help the client find a place for the radio where the cord to be safely plugged in, so the client can continue to enjoy listening.
30: To avoid pulling on the catheter while you're turning a male client, the catheter tube must be taped to his A: ~ hip. B: ~ upper thigh. C: ~ bed frame. D: ~ bedsheet.
B: ~ upper thigh. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: An indwelling urinary catheter is used to drain the bladder into a bag outside the body. A catheter for males is a long tube with a balloon that is inflated after being inserted. The tube that drains the urine must not be tugged on or become kinked. In males, it is attached to the client's inner thigh by tape or a special fastening device. Never attach the tube to anything except the client's inner thigh. The drainage bag should remain lower than the client's bladder to prevent a backflow of urine.
44: When taking a client's radial pulse, the nurse aide's fingertips should be placed on the client's A: ~ elbow. B: ~ wrist. C: ~neck. D: ~ chest.
B: ~ wrist. The answer is B. EXPLANATION: A radial pulse is found at the client's wrist. To locate it, place your index and middle fingers on the hollow area below the thumb. Apply light pressure to feel the pulse. Count each beat for 30 seconds and multiply by 2 to get the pulse rate. If the client has an irregular heartbeat, count for 60 seconds. Record the pulse rate on the client's chart.
27: A client is to be assisted out of bed to sit in a wheelchair. How can this procedure be made safe? A: ~ Release the wheel brakes. B: ~ Place a pillow on the wheelchair seat. C ~ Place the bed in the lowest position. D: ~ Lower both footrest pedals.
C ~ Place the bed in the lowest position. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Client safety during transfer begins with the bed in the lowest position. This allows the client to easily reach the floor when standing and pivoting to sit in the wheelchair. The brakes of the wheelchair should be locked and the footrests completely out of the way.
57: Which of the following statements is true of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)? A: ~ AIDS can be cured B: ~ HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus) is transmitted through hugs C: ~ HIV is spread through blood D: ~ Medication to treat AIDS has the same effect on all people with AIDS
C: ~ HIV is spread through blood The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The only true statement is that HIV is transmitted by blood or body fluids. The other items are false regarding HIV/AIDs.
16: AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is transmitted by: A: ~ Using dishes and utensils in common. B: ~ Coughing sneezing and touching C: ~ Sexual contact or sharing needles and syringes D: ~ Routine care given by health-care workers.
C: ~ Sexual contact or sharing needles and syringes The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The only way to contract AIDS is through sharing needles and syringes or sexual contact or contact with infected blood. Use standard precautions on all clients to avoid contracting AIDS.
5: Using good body mechanics includes: A: ~ Twisting at the waist. B: ~ Keeping knees locked when lifting. C: ~ Standing with the legs shoulder-width apart. D: ~ Carrying objects far away from the body.
C: ~ Standing with the legs shoulder-width apart. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: You should not twist at the waist. You should instead take small steps that allow you to turn your entire body. Carry objects close yourself to lower the center of gravity. Keeping your knees locked when lifting forces you to arc your back instead of using your legs and butt to lift. Good body mechanics require that you stand with your legs shoulder-width apart.
17: The Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts) is used on a client who has A: ~ impaired eyesight. B: ~ fallen out of bed. C: ~ a blocked airway. D: ~ a bloody nose.
C: ~ a blocked airway. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts) is a first aid technique for helping someone who has food or an object caught in his or her upper airway. When a client appears to be choking, you must act quickly to clear the airway. First, call for help. Next, to perform abdominal thrusts, stand behind the client. Make a fist with your dominant hand. Place this fist just above the client's navel. Wrap your other hand firmly around the fist. Pull inward and upward, pressing into the client's abdomen with quick and forceful upward thrusts as if you were trying to lift the client off his or her feet from this position. Continue the abdominal thrusts in quick succession until the object is expelled.
33: To lift an object using good body mechanics, the nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ hold the object away from the body. B: ~ lift with the abdominal muscles. C: ~ bend the knees and keep the back straight. D: ~ keep both feet close together.
C: ~ bend the knees and keep the back straight. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: When lifting, you should maintain proper spinal position. The risk of injury to the lower back increases if you use the back muscles, bend at the waist, twist, or try to lift a load that is too heavy. Common injuries associated with lifting are strains, sprains, and herniated discs. For heavy loads, always find another person to help.
48: The nurse aide is walking with a client confined to a wheelchair when the facility fire alarm system is activated. The client becomes excited from the noise. The nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ push the wheelchair out of the hallway and carry the client out of the facility. B: ~ lock the client's wheelchair and check the surrounding area for smoke. C: ~ comfort the client while moving the person to a safe place. D: ~ leave the client to search for help.
C: ~ comfort the client while moving the person to a safe place. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: The nurse aide should be familiar with all fire safety policies and protocols. When a fire alarm sounds, all staff must respond to keep clients safe. Remember "R.A.C.E." to quickly act. R = Rescue/Remove all people who can not take care of themselves. A = Alarm, if it has not already been done. Pulling the alarm can be done at the same time as rescue. C = Confine/Contain the fire or smoke by closing doors to prevent or slow the spread. Smoke is especially dangerous to everyone. E = Extinguish the fire if possible with a handheld fire extinguisher. Only try to extinguish small fires, and only as long as you can remain safe and have an escape route.
26: When helping a client who is recovering from a stroke to walk, the nurse aide should assist A: ~ on the client's strong side. B: ~ from behind the client. C: ~ on the client's weak side. D: ~ with a wheelchair.
C: ~ on the client's weak side. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: When helping a client who is recovering from a stroke to walk, you should stay on the client's weak side. Walk next to and slightly behind the client to be ready to suddenly support the weak side. If the client is using a walker or cane, allow space for the device. While walking, be alert to avoid possible fall hazards. The client should wear slippers or shoes with rubber soles for traction.
32: A client is paralyzed on the right side. The nurse aide should place the signaling device A: ~ at the foot of the bed. B: ~ on the right side of the bed near the client's hand. C: ~ on the left side of the bed near the client's hand. D: ~ under the pillow.
C: ~ on the left side of the bed near the client's hand. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Clients who have had a stroke often have one-sided weakness or paralysis. They may not be able to use that side of their body, or they may not even be aware of the affected side. This is called "one-sided neglect." Rehabilitation services will help the patient recover as much as possible. As the client's caregiver, you can encourage the client to use the unaffected side by placing the signaling device where the client can reach it to call for assistance.
45: For safety, when leaving a client alone in a room, the nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ apply a restraint to the client. B: ~ keep the door tightly closed. C: ~ place the signaling device within the client's reach. D: ~ leave the bed elevated in the highest position.
C: ~ place the signaling device within the client's reach. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: After giving care, or when leaving the client's room, always ensure that the client's call signal is within reach. Clients must always have access to caregivers. For safety, the bed should be in the lowest position, with the bed rails up. Restraints may never be applied without an order from the client's doctor.
38: The purpose of padding side rails on the client's bed is to A: ~ keep the client warm. B: ~ use them as a restraint. C: ~ protect the client from injury. D: ~ have a place to connect the call signal.
C: ~ protect the client from injury. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Side rails can keep clients from falling out of bed. Also, clients can grab on to the railing to reposition themselves. However, if the client is agitated, confused, or has a head injury or a history of seizures, padding the side rails can prevent injuries or entrapment. Some facilities have bed rail pads or bumpers in stock. You can also use a mattress pad to make a side rail pad. Make sure the bed is always in the lowest position.
20: While making an empty bed, the nurse aide sees that the side rail is broken. The nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ wait for the next safety check to report the broken side rail. B: ~ warn the client to be careful when he or she gets back into bed. C: ~ report the broken side rail immediately. D: ~ tie the side rail in the raised position until it is fixed.
C: ~ report the broken side rail immediately. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Every staff member is responsible for keeping clients safe at all times. This includes monitoring all equipment and reporting when anything needs repair. Never use broken equipment or try to create a temporary fix for equipment that is not working properly. Tag the broken bed and move it so that another client can't use it. Replace it immediately with one that has functioning side rails.
19: Insulin, a hormone, regulates A: ~ the amount of salt retained in the blood. B: ~ the rhythm of the heart. C: ~ the amount of sugar in the blood. D: ~ the strength of the skeletal muscles.
C: ~ the amount of sugar in the blood. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Diabetes is a disease that results when the pancreas does not make enough insulin to decrease or control the amount of sugar in the blood. Clients with diabetes must check their blood sugar levels every day. To stay healthy, they require medication, which can include insulin injections.
35: The equipment you need for oral care of an unconscious client includes A: ~ toothpaste. B: ~ toothbrush. C: ~ toothette/mouth swab. D: ~ all of the above.
C: ~ toothette/mouth swab. The answer is C. EXPLANATION: Because an unconscious client is not able to assist with oral care, you must take extra precautions to prevent the client from choking or aspirating. The client's head should be turned to the side. If possible, lower the head of the bed. Gently clean the teeth and gums with a separate moist toothette or mouth swab for each area of the mouth. When you've finished, wipe the client's mouth and raise the head of the bed to its previous position.
25: To convert four ounces (oz) of liquid to milliliters (mL), the nurse aide should multiply 4 by A: ~ 15 mL B: ~ 5 mL C: ~ 10 mL D: ~ 30 mL
D: ~ 30 mL The answer is D. EXPLANATION: When converting milliliters (mL to fluid ounces (oz), remember that 30 mL = 1 oz. Although one ounce is slightly less, the amounts are considered equal by doctors and pharmacists.
31: What is the FIRST thing a nurse aide should do when finding an unresponsive client? A: ~ Start compressions. B: ~ Call the client's family. C: ~ Close the door. D: ~ Call for help.
D: ~ Call for help. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: When encountering any type of emergency situation such as an unconscious client, always call for help first. Others can clear the area, phone for an ambulance, assist with CPR, help move or transfer the client, or document the events
13: What should you do if a resident needs CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation), but you are not trained to do it? A: ~ Perform CPR B: ~ Perform CPR only if no one else is there to do it C: ~ Perform CPR only if you think the victim will die if you do not D: ~ Do not perform CPR
D: ~ Do not perform CPR The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Get the resident help from someone trained to perform CPR. Call 911 and they can walk you through performing CPR correctly if no one else is available.
4: In order to communicate clearly with a client who has hearing loss, the nurse aide should: A: ~ Speak in a high pitched tone of voice B: ~ Stand behind the client when speaking C: ~ Speaking in a loud and slow manner. D: ~ Look directly at the client when speaking.
D: ~ Look directly at the client when speaking. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Some clients with hearing loss can read lips so looking directly at them can help them understand what you are saying. The other ways do not help those with hearing loss understand you.
54: Good body mechanics include: A: ~ Bending at the waist. B: ~ Holding objects away from your body. C: ~ Bending and reaching whenever possible. D: ~ Pushing and sliding objects whenever possible.
D: ~ Pushing and sliding objects whenever possible. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: All the other options could injure you. The best thing to do is to push and slide objects so you are not lifting them.
49: The nurse aide is going to help the client walk from the bed to a chair. What should the nurse aide put on the client's feet? A: ~ Cloth-soled slippers B: ~ Socks or stockings only C: ~ Nothing D: ~ Rubber-soled slippers or shoes
D: ~ Rubber-soled slippers or shoes The answer is D. EXPLANATION: When helping a client ambulate, you must prevent the client from falling. Proper footwear should always be worn for any type of walking, even a short distance. Rubber-soled slippers or shoes provide traction to prevent falls. Socks, stockings, or slippers made from fabric can make the client slip or lose his or her balance. Walking in bare feet can lead to foot injuries, which is especially dangerous for diabetic clients.
51: Which of the following people provide treatment for persons who have difficulty talking due to disorders such as a stroke or physical defects? A: ~ Registered nurse B ~ Occupational therapist C: ~ Physical therapist D: ~ Speech therapist
D: ~ Speech therapist The answer is D. EXPLANATION: If a client is unable to speak clearly or has trouble forming words, a speech therapist can alleviate speech problems caused by strokes, physical defects, or swallowing disorders. Speech therapists work with both adults and children. They are qualified to evaluate, diagnose, and treat clients.
21: The electric shaver that the nurse aide is using to shave a client begins to spark and smoke. What should the nurse aide do FIRST? A: ~ Use the roommate's shaver to finish the shave. B: ~ Finish shaving the client as quickly as possible. C: ~ Call the nurse in charge. D: ~ Unplug the shaver.
D: ~ Unplug the shaver. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Whenever you give a client care, remember that the patient's safety comes first. Unplug a malfunctioning device to stop sparks or smoke. If the client or anyone nearby is on oxygen, the sparks could trigger a fire, so you may need to move people out of the area quickly. After everyone is safe, notify the nurse of the incident. Never use another client's personal items; this is strictly prohibited because of the risk of infection.
55: Which is the most important nutrient for life? A: ~ Protein B: ~ Carbohydrates C: ~ Vitamins D: ~ Water
D: ~ Water The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Water is the most important nutrient for life. Humans can only survive about three to four days without water.
50: A client needs to be repositioned but is heavy, and the nurse aide is not sure that she can move the client alone. The nurse aide should A: ~ try to move the client alone. B: ~ go on to another task. C: ~ have the family do it. D: ~ ask another nurse aide to help. .
D: ~ ask another nurse aide to help. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Clients or objects that are heavy should never be moved or lifted by one person. The risk of falls or injuries to both the client and the nurse aide increases with heavy loads. Ask for assistance before attempting to pull or roll a heavy patient. Use good body mechanics by using your leg muscles to avoid back injury.
39: The nursing care plan states, "Transfer with mechanical lift." However, the client is very agitated. To transfer the client, the nurse aide SHOULD A: ~ lift the client without the mechanical device. B: ~ place the client in the lift. C: ~ keep the wheels unlocked so the lift can move with the client. D: ~ get assistance to move the client.
D: ~ get assistance to move the client. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Client safety is always your highest priority. Do not try to accomplish a task alone if a patient is unable to cooperate for any reason. It is important to follow the nursing care plan, including all the steps for operating any equipment being used to move or transfer the client. Ask a co-worker to help if you have any concerns about keeping the client safe. If the client remains agitated, notify the nurse before proceeding.
29: Physical restraints are used MOST often A: ~ at the roommate's request. B: ~ at the family's request. C: ~ when staff is short. D: ~ to prevent client injury.
D: ~ to prevent client injury. The answer is D. EXPLANATION: Physical restraints are devices or equipment that prevent normal movement. Examples are arm or leg restraints, hand mitts, and vests. It is against the law to use restraints unless they are necessary to treat a client's medical symptoms or there is a risk of harming oneself or others. Restraints may not be used for punishment, convenience, or control. Either a physician's order or the client's consent is required before a restraint can be applied.
