Practice quiz Unit 6 Respiratory

Which of the following has the greatest effect in increasing the rate and depth of respiration?

PCO2

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

a) right primary

Which of the following would be greater?

a) the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the temperature is 38 degrees centigrade

Which of the following would be greater?

a) the percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin when the pH is 7.6

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

a) the volume of the thorax increases.

The exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and air occurs across the walls of the:

alveoli

Which of the following is NOT true of the vocal cords?

are the portions of the bronchi that make sound

A hemoglobin molecule contains ________ globular protein subunits.

b) 4

Asthma is

b) an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the

b) apex.

Modification of the sounds produced by the larynx is known as

b) articulation.

During swallowing,

b) double the rate of breathing.

Which respiratory organ features a cardiac notch?

b) left lung

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

b) vestibule.

The normal respiratory rate of a resting adult ranges from ________ breaths each minute, or roughly one for every four heartbeats.

c) 12 to 18

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

c) 2.5 cm; 15-20

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

c) dehumidify the incoming air

In quiet breathing,

c) inspiration involves muscular contractions and expiration is passive.

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

c) internal respiration.

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

c) maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

Starting at the ________, the epithelium changes to stratified squamous epithelium.

c) oropharynx

Inhalation is caused by:

contraction of the diaphragm or intercostal muscles

The ________ equals the respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space).

d) Alveolar ventilation rate

The ________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle under resting conditions.

d) Tidal volume

The sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

d) alveoli.

A period in which breathing has stopped, followed by a forceful expulsion of air is termed

d) apnea.

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________ cartilages.

d) arytenoid

The opening or closing of the glottis involves rotational movement of the

d) arytenoid cartilages.

At the level of the alveoli, where does gas exchange occur?

d) at the respiratory membrane

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties. His problems result from

d) inability of the respiratory defense mechanism to transport mucus and production of thick secretions that are difficult to transport

Contraction of the diaphragm:

enlarges the chest cavity and causes inspiration

During swallowing, the epiglottis prevents:

food from passing into the trachea

The effect of holding your breath would be:

increase in blood pCO2

The space between the thoracic wall and the outer surface of the lung is called:

intrapleural cavity

Which of the following is not true of the ciliary escalator system?

is the only protection the lungs possess

A head injury has caused a patient to stop breathing. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?

medulla

During inspiration the lung stretch receptors function to:

send inhibitory input to the medulla

Which of the following may close the glottis to prevent food from entering the trachea if the epiglottis was removed surgically?

vocal or vestibular folds

Diffusion of carbon dioxide from the tissues into the capillary blood:

will occur if the pCO2 in the tissues is greater than that in the blood

Which of the following is true of bronchial constriction?

-is a response of the air pathways to dust, smoke or irritant gas -is triggered by the settling of particles less than a micron in diameter on the sensory receptors in the air pathways -when persistent it results in excessive secretion of mucus, a reduction in ciliary activity, and finally cell damage

Which of the following directly affects respiratory centers in the brain?

-stretching of the lungs -concentration of hemoglobin molecules

The rate of breathing is chiefly dependent on chemical factors in the blood, of which the most important is:

CO 2 concentration

The respiratory mucosa of the conducting airways consists of

a) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is related directly to the concentration of that gas and the total pressure of the mixture. This statement best describes:

Dalton's Law (of partial pressure)

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

a) respiratory distress syndrome.

Prolonged deep inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.

a) apneustic

The respiratory center is housed in the ________ of the brain.

a) brain stem

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

a) movement of air into and out of the lungs.

All of the following provide chemoreceptor input to the respiratory centers of the medulla oblongata except the

a) olfactory epithelium.

As the PO2 in the atmosphere decreases with increasing altitude, percent saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood:

decreases

At a given PO2, the percent saturation of hemoglobin:

decreases as pH decreases

An artificial ventilator replaces which of the following structures:

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

The condition of having low tissue oxygen levels is known as

e) hypoxia.

The ________ extends from the larynx to the mediastinum.

e) trachea

If a patient being tested inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's

e) vital capacity.

Because the PCO2 of venous blood is higher than that of alveolar air, CO2 normally diffuses:

out of the plasma and into the alveoli

Ciliated cells are found in the bronchi, trachea, and nasal cavity.

true

When dust, smoke, or irritant gas particles are too small to elicit the cough reflex, one might expect bronchial constriction to occur.

true

The process by which air moves from the air around us into and out of the lungs is called:

ventilation